<SEC-DOCUMENT>0001493152-24-041147.txt : 20241015
<SEC-HEADER>0001493152-24-041147.hdr.sgml : 20241015
<ACCEPTANCE-DATETIME>20241015164626
ACCESSION NUMBER:		0001493152-24-041147
CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE:	10-K
PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT:		145
CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT:	20240731
FILED AS OF DATE:		20241015
DATE AS OF CHANGE:		20241015

FILER:

	COMPANY DATA:	
		COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:			IDT CORP
		CENTRAL INDEX KEY:			0001005731
		STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:	TELEPHONE COMMUNICATIONS (NO RADIO TELEPHONE) [4813]
		ORGANIZATION NAME:           	06 Technology
		IRS NUMBER:				223415036
		STATE OF INCORPORATION:			DE
		FISCAL YEAR END:			0731

	FILING VALUES:
		FORM TYPE:		10-K
		SEC ACT:		1934 Act
		SEC FILE NUMBER:	001-16371
		FILM NUMBER:		241372397

	BUSINESS ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		520 BROAD ST
		CITY:			NEWARK
		STATE:			NJ
		ZIP:			07102
		BUSINESS PHONE:		973 438 1000

	MAIL ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		520 BROAD STREET
		CITY:			NEWARK
		STATE:			NJ
		ZIP:			07102
</SEC-HEADER>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 18pt"><b>UNITED
STATES</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 18pt"><b>SECURITIES
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 18pt"><b></b></span><b><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 12pt">Washington, D.C. 20549</span></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">or</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Securities
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td>
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    of each exchange on</b></span></p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>which
    registered</b></span></p></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF">
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_90B_edei--SecurityExchangeName_c20230801__20240731_z3YKnSbjWlig"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" format="ixt-sec:exchnameen" id="Fact000031" name="dei:SecurityExchangeName">New
    York Stock Exchange</ix:nonNumeric></span></span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Securities
registered pursuant to section 12(g) of the Act: None</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Indicate
by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes &#9744; <span id="xdx_90C_edei--EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer_c20230801__20240731_zhzB4TKzXEN2"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" id="Fact000032" name="dei:EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer">No</ix:nonNumeric></span>
&#9746;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Indicate
by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes &#9744; <span id="xdx_902_edei--EntityVoluntaryFilers_c20230801__20240731_zIQ8DydckRDe"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" id="Fact000033" name="dei:EntityVoluntaryFilers">No</ix:nonNumeric></span>
&#9746;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Indicate
by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange
Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2)
has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. <span id="xdx_903_edei--EntityCurrentReportingStatus_c20230801__20240731_zRDrUrcXF9A5"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" id="Fact000034" name="dei:EntityCurrentReportingStatus">Yes</ix:nonNumeric></span> &#9746;  No &#9744;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Indicate
by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant
to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (&#167; 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant
was required to submit and post such files). <span id="xdx_90F_edei--EntityInteractiveDataCurrent_c20230801__20240731_zSuTVwbohM98"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" id="Fact000035" name="dei:EntityInteractiveDataCurrent">Yes</ix:nonNumeric></span> &#9746;  No &#9744;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Indicate
by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company,
or an emerging growth company. See definitions of &#8220;large accelerated filer,&#8221; &#8220;accelerated filer,&#8221; &#8220;smaller
reporting company,&#8221; and &#8220;emerging growth company&#8221; in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 50%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Large
    <span id="xdx_90A_edei--EntityFilerCategory_c20230801__20240731_zyaAPH3h4c6i"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" format="ixt-sec:entityfilercategoryen" id="Fact000036" name="dei:EntityFilerCategory">accelerated filer</ix:nonNumeric></span> &#9744;</span></td>
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    filer &#9746;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Non-accelerated
filer &#9744;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Smaller
reporting company <span id="xdx_906_edei--EntitySmallBusiness_c20230801__20240731_z17QbslzjNT"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" format="ixt:booleanfalse" id="Fact000037" name="dei:EntitySmallBusiness">&#9744;</ix:nonNumeric></span></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Emerging
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">If
an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying
with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. &#9744;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Indicate
by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management&#8217;s assessment of the effectiveness
of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered
public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. <span id="xdx_902_edei--IcfrAuditorAttestationFlag_c20230801__20240731_zOa5SABNeYTh"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" format="ixt:booleantrue" id="Fact000039" name="dei:IcfrAuditorAttestationFlag">&#9746;</ix:nonNumeric></span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">If
securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant
included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. <span id="xdx_90C_edei--DocumentFinStmtErrorCorrectionFlag_c20230801__20240731_zYpBlFhrX153"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" format="ixt:booleanfalse" id="Fact000040" name="dei:DocumentFinStmtErrorCorrectionFlag">&#9744;</ix:nonNumeric></span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Indicate
by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation
received by any of the registrant&#8217;s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to &#167;240.10D-1(b). &#9744;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Indicate
by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes &#9744;  No <span id="xdx_907_edei--EntityShellCompany_dbF_c20230801__20240731_zmsrZkt8ZC0c"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" format="ixt:booleanfalse" id="Fact000041" name="dei:EntityShellCompany">&#9746;</ix:nonNumeric></span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant, based on the adjusted closing price
on January 31, 2024 (the last business day of the registrant&#8217;s most recently completed second fiscal quarter) of the Class B common
stock of $34.58 per share, as reported on the New York Stock Exchange, was approximately $<span id="xdx_901_edei--EntityPublicFloat_iI_pn5n6_c20240131_zKX1OX03JI4d"><ix:nonFraction name="dei:EntityPublicFloat" contextRef="AsOf2024-01-31" id="Fact000042" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">643.6</ix:nonFraction></span> million.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
of October 7, 2024, the registrant had outstanding <span id="xdx_901_edei--EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding_iI_c20241007__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_zC8WWbB7GsT6"><ix:nonFraction name="dei:EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding" contextRef="AsOf2024-10-07_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember" id="Fact000043" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares">23,654,509</ix:nonFraction></span> shares of Class B common stock and <span id="xdx_90A_edei--EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding_iI_c20241007__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassAMember_zs7bRJwHLX51"><ix:nonFraction name="dei:EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding" contextRef="AsOf2024-10-07_us-gaap_CommonClassAMember" id="Fact000044" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares">1,574,326</ix:nonFraction></span> shares of Class A common stock.
Excluded from these numbers are 4,535,028 shares of Class B common stock and 1,698,000 shares of Class A common stock held in treasury
by IDT Corporation.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>DOCUMENTS
INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_90A_edei--DocumentsIncorporatedByReferenceTextBlock_c20230801__20240731_zn0XqDVKB7Na"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" escape="true" id="Fact000045" name="dei:DocumentsIncorporatedByReferenceTextBlock">The
definitive proxy statement relating to the registrant&#8217;s Annual Meeting of Stockholders, to be held December 12, 2024, is incorporated
by reference into Part III of this Form 10-K to the extent described therein.</ix:nonNumeric></span></span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<!-- Field: Rule-Page --><div style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><div style="border-top: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 1pt; border-bottom: Black 4pt solid">&#160;</div></div><!-- Field: /Rule-Page -->

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


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    <div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><td style="text-align: center; width: 100%">&#160;</td></tr></table></div>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Index</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">IDT
Corporation</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Annual
Report on Form 10-K</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td colspan="3"><a href="#h_001">Part I</a></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">1</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td colspan="2">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 0.25in">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.65in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Item
    1.</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="#h_002">Business.</a></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right; padding-left: -10pt; width: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Item
    1A.</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="#h_003">Risk Factors.</a></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">19</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Item
    1B.</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="#h_004">Unresolved Staff Comments.</a></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">41</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Item
    1C.</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="#h_005">Cybersecurity.</a></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">41</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Item
    2.</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="#h_006">Properties.</a></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">41</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Item
    3.</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="#h_007">Legal Proceedings.</a></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">42</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Item
    4.</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="#h_008">Mine Safety Disclosures.</a></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">42</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td colspan="3"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="#h_009">Part II</a></span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">42</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td colspan="2">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Item
    5.</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="#h_010">Market for Registrant&#8217;s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities.</a></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">42</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Item
    6.</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="#h_011">[Reserved]</a></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">44</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Item
    7.</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="#h_012">Management&#8217;s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.</a></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">44</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Item
    7A.</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><a href="#h_013"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risks.</span></a></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">57</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Item
    8.</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><a href="#h_014"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.</span></a></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">58</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Item
    9.</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><a href="#h_015"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure.</span></a></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">58</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Item
    9A.</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><a href="#h_016"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Controls and Procedures.</span></a></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">58</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Item
    9B.</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><a href="#h_017"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Other Information.</span></a></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">59</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Item
    9C.</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><a href="#h_018"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections</span></a></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">59</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td colspan="3"><a href="#h_019"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Part III</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></a></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">60<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td colspan="2">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Item
    10.</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><a href="#h_020"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance.</span></a></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">6</span>0</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Item
    11.</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><a href="#h_021"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Executive Compensation.</span></a></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">60</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Item
    12.</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><a href="#h_022"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters.</span></a></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">60</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Item
    13.</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><a href="#h_023"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence.</span></a></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">60</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Item
    14.</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><a href="#h_024"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Principal Accountant Fees and Services.</span></a></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">60</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td colspan="3"><a href="#h_025"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Part IV</span></a></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">61</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td colspan="3">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Item
    15.</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><a href="#h_026"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Exhibit and Financial Statement Schedules.</span></a></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">61</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Item
    16.</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><a href="#h_027"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Form 10-K Summary.</span></a></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">62</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td colspan="2"><a href="#h_028"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Signatures</span></a></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">63<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font: normal 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="h_001"></span>Part
I</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>As
used in this Annual Report, unless the context otherwise requires, the terms the &#8220;Company,&#8221; &#8220;IDT,&#8221; &#8220;we,&#8221;
&#8220;us,&#8221; and &#8220;our&#8221; refer to IDT Corporation, a Delaware corporation, its predecessor, International Discount Telecommunications,
Corp., a New York corporation, and its subsidiaries, collectively. Each reference to a fiscal year in this Annual Report refers to the
fiscal year ending in the calendar year indicated (for example, fiscal 2024 refers to the fiscal year ended July 31, 2024).</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="h_002"></span>Item
1. Business.</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">OVERVIEW</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">IDT
is a provider of point-of-sale terminal-based solutions, international money remittances and other financial technology, or fintech,
offerings, cloud communications and traditional communications services. Our businesses leverage one or more of our core strategic assets
to serve differentiated markets with innovative offerings.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">IDT&#8217;s
key businesses are:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; width: 0.5in"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>National
                                            Retail Solutions (NRS</b>): Operates the leading point-of-sale, or POS, terminal-based platform
                                            for independent retailers in the United States including convenience stores, bodegas, liquor,
                                            grocery and tobacco stores. NRS&#8217; purpose-built integrated hardware and software solution
                                            enables these stores to operate and process transactions more effectively. Through its NRS
                                            PAY offerings, NRS enables these retailers to accept and process credit, debit, and electronic
                                            benefit transfer payments. Leveraging its POS platform, including its customer-facing screens
                                            and transaction analytics, NRS also provides advertisers and marketers with unprecedented
                                            reach into the U.S.&#8217;s predominantly urban, multi-cultural consumer markets;</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; width: 0.5in"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>BOSS
                                            Money:</b> Provides international money remittance services marketed primarily to immigrant
                                            communities across the United States and Canada. BOSS Money makes it easy and convenient
                                            for customers to send money to friends and family in 50 countries in Latin America and the
                                            Caribbean, Africa, Europe, and Asia. BOSS Money transfers are initiated both digitally, through
                                            the popular BOSS Money and BOSS Revolution apps, and through a nationwide network of licensed
                                            BOSS Money retail agents who can accept cash payments;</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; width: 0.5in"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>net2phone:
                                            </b>Operates a global, cloud platform that provides businesses in North America, South America,
                                            and many other countries around the world with unified communications as a service (UCaaS)
                                            offerings marketed under its Unite brand and contact center as a service (CCaaS) offerings
                                            under its uContact brand, as well as other, smaller offerings to enable intelligent business
                                            communications;</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; width: 0.5in"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>IDT
                                            Digital Payments:</b> Provides a wide range of prepaid digital products including mobile
                                            airtime top-up, mobile data bundles, digital gift cards, eSIMs and other offerings directly
                                            to consumers through BOSS&#8217; retail and digital channels. (Mobile airtime top-up enables
                                            customers to transfer airtime and bundles of airtime, messaging, and data to international
                                            and domestic mobile accounts.) IDT Digital Payments also serves the enterprise space via
                                            Zendit, its prepaid-as-a-service platform. Zendit enables businesses, entrepreneurs, and
                                            developers to offer prepaid digital offerings globally including mobile airtime top-up, mobile
                                            data bundles, digital gift cards, eSIMs and prepaid utility payments;</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; width: 0.5in"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>BOSS
                                            Revolution (formerly BOSS Revolution Calling)</b>: Provides international long-distance voice
                                            service marketed primarily to immigrant communities in the United States and Canada. BOSS
                                            Revolution is provisioned through the popular BOSS Revolution app and &#8216;calling cards&#8217;
                                            sold by a robust network of over 28,000 BOSS Revolution retail agents; and</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; width: 0.5in"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>IDT
                                            Global</b>: Provides wholesale international voice termination, virtual numbers, and SMS
                                            termination solutions to telecoms worldwide. Through its IDT Express branded self-provisioning
                                            portal, IDT Global also serves small and medium businesses.</span></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">IDT
also operates other, smaller businesses and offerings including early-stage business initiatives and mature businesses in harvest mode.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">SEGMENT
REPORTING</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
have four reportable business segments: (1) National Retail Solutions, or NRS; (2) Fintech; (3) net2phone; and (4) Traditional Communications.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
NRS segment, which contributed revenue of $103.1 million in fiscal 2024 and $77.1 million in fiscal 2023 (8.6% and 6.2% of our total
revenues, respectively) comprises our NRS business.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Fintech segment, which contributed revenue of $120.7 million in fiscal 2024 and $86.6 million in fiscal 2023 (10.0% and 7.0% of our total
revenues, respectively), comprises our BOSS Money remittance business and other, significantly smaller, financial services businesses.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
net2phone segment, which contributed revenue of $82.3 million in fiscal 2024 and $72.4 million in fiscal 2023 (6.8% and 5.8% of our total
revenues, respectively), offers unified communications as a service, or UCaaS, and contact center as a service, or CCaaS, and other significantly
smaller offerings that leverage the cloud to enable intelligent business communications.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Traditional Communications segment, which contributed revenue of $899.6 million in fiscal 2024 and $1,002.7 million in fiscal 2023 (74.6%
and 81.0% of our total revenues, respectively) includes IDT Digital Payments, BOSS Revolution, and IDT Global, as well as other small
businesses and offerings including early-stage business initiatives and mature businesses in harvest mode.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Financial
information by segment is presented in Note 2 to our Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 to Part II of this Annual Report.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
headquarters is located at 520 Broad Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102. The main telephone number at our headquarters is (973) 438-1000
and our corporate website&#8217;s home page is www.idt.net.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
make available free of charge our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and all amendments
to these reports, and all beneficial ownership reports on Forms 3, 4 and 5 filed by directors, officers and beneficial owners of more
than 10% of our equity through the investor relations page of our website (http://ir.idt.net/) as soon as reasonably practicable after
such material is electronically filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Our website also contains information not incorporated
into this Annual Report on Form 10-K or our other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">KEY
EVENTS IN OUR HISTORY</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1990
&#8211; Howard S. Jonas, our founder, launches International Discount Telephone to provide international call re-origination services.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1995
&#8211; We begin selling wholesale services to other long-distance carriers by leveraging our access to favorable international telephone
rates generated by our retail calling traffic.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1996
&#8211; We successfully complete an initial public offering of our common stock.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2000
&#8211; We complete the sale of a stake in our net2phone subsidiary, a pioneer in the development and commercialization of Voice over
Internet Protocol, or VoIP, technologies and services, to AT&amp;T for approximately $1.1 billion in cash. We subsequently repurchased
net2phone from AT&amp;T.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2001
&#8211; Our common stock is listed on the New York Stock Exchange, or NYSE.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2006
&#8211; We sell our Russian telecom business, Corbina, for $129.9 million in cash.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2007
&#8211; We complete the sale of IDT Entertainment to Liberty Media for $220.0 million in cash, stock and other considerations.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2008
&#8211;We launch BOSS Revolution, a pay-as-you-go international calling service. BOSS Revolution has since become our flagship brand,
and the BOSS Revolution platform has expanded to include payment offerings.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2009
&#8211; We spin-off our CTM Media Holdings subsidiary to our stockholders. CTM Media Holdings was subsequently renamed IDW Media Holdings,
Inc.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2011
&#8211; We spin-off our Genie Energy Ltd. subsidiary to our stockholders. Genie Energy&#8217;s common stock is listed on the NYSE with
the ticker symbol &#8220;GNE&#8221;.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2013
&#8211; We spin-off our subsidiary, Straight Path Communications, Inc., or Straight Path, including its wireless spectrum holdings, to
our stockholders. Straight Path was purchased in February 2018 by Verizon Communications Inc.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#8211;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
                                            introduce our BOSS Revolution app for Android and iOS.</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#8211;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
                                            launch our BOSS Money international remittance service.</span></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2014
&#8211; We sell our stake in Fabrix Systems, a pioneer in cloud storage and network delivery technologies, to Ericsson for $69 million.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2015
&#8211; net2phone launches its UCaaS offering in the United States.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2016
&#8211; We spin-off our Zedge subsidiary to our stockholders. Zedge&#8217;s stock is listed on the NYSE American with the ticker symbol
&#8220;ZDGE&#8221;.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; width: 0.25in"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#8211;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
                                            launch NRS to provide POS-based services to independent retailers in the United States.</span></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; width: 0.25in"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#8211;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">net2phone
                                            initiates global expansion of its UCaaS offering with a launch in Brazil.</span></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2017
&#8211; We introduce our BOSS Money app for Android and iOS.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2018
&#8211; We spin-off our Rafael Holdings, Inc. subsidiary to our stockholders. Rafael Holdings&#8217; stock is listed on the NYSE with
the ticker symbol &#8220;RFL&#8221;.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2019
&#8211; NRS launches NRS PAY, enabling retailers to accept credit cards and other forms of digital payment.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2020
&#8211; net2phone introduces its Huddle video conferencing solution and integration with Microsoft Teams.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2021
&#8211; net2phone launches integrations with Salesforce and Zapier among others, and HIPAA-compatible solutions for healthcare providers.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#8211;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Offerings
                                            of our BOSS Money remittance service are integrated into the BOSS Revolution app.</span></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2022
&#8211; net2phone acquires Integra CCS, or Integra, a CCaaS provider operating in the Americas and Europe.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#8211;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">NRS
                                            launches its eWIC service, enabling NRS retailers to accept electronic benefits vouchers
                                            from the beneficiaries of the popular Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and
                                            Children, or WIC.</span></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2023
&#8211; NRS expands its POS network to Canada, enrolling its first retailers in Ontario.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">-
IDT Digital Payments launches Zendit, a global prepaid-as-a-service platform.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2024
- We initiate payment of a regular quarterly dividend to holders of our Common Stock.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#8211;
BOSS Money begins offering domestic money transfers, enabling both banked and unbanked customers to send money to friends and family
within the United States.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">OUR
STRATEGY</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
operate a portfolio of interrelated businesses. Each of the businesses leverages one or more of our core strategic assets &#8211; assets
that we have carefully built during the more than thirty years since our inception. They include:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; width: 0.25in"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
                                            key brands including NRS, net2phone, BOSS Revolution, BOSS Money, IDT Digital Payments and
                                            IDT Global;</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
                                            nationwide network of more than 30,000 independent retailers who operate NRS&#8217;s POS-based
                                            platform and approximately 28,000 BOSS Revolution and BOSS Money retailers who utilize our
                                            digital retailer platform;</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
                                            customer base of more than eight million users, primarily in immigrant communities within
                                            the United States;</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
                                            technology, global infrastructure and high-capacity transaction platforms;</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Extensive
                                            VoIP and cloud services expertise; and</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
                                            staff of approximately 2,300 dedicated personnel working in over 20 countries on four continents
                                            including in-house technology and product development teams.</span></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
recent years, we leveraged these assets to build our three high-margin, growth businesses <b>&#8212; </b>NRS, net2phone, and BOSS Money.
Each of these businesses&#8217; development has been principally organic and financed with the cash flows generated by our more mature
businesses including IDT Digital Payments, BOSS Revolution and IDT Global. Consequently, we avoided debt financing and dilutive capital
raises while building an exceptionally strong balance sheet. Today, each of these high-margin growth businesses is cash-flow positive
and positioned to significantly expand its operations in pursuit of significant market opportunities.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
IDT Digital Payments business provides prepaid digital offerings, principally mobile top-up, directly to consumers through BOSS&#8217;
retail and digital channels. We also sell over 3,500 digital gift cards from around the world, as well as over 2,000 digital data-only
eSIM plans to more than 150 countries. Through its Zendit enterprise platform, IDT Digital Payments enables businesses, entrepreneurs,
and developers to offer over 16,000 prepaid digital offerings to their audiences globally.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
BOSS Revolution and IDT Global businesses operate in the paid-minute voice communications market. Like other operators in this market,
these businesses are subject to intense revenue and margin pressure as consumers continue to migrate to free over-the-top voice and messaging
services and to flat-rate international long-distance plans. We have worked to counter the impacts of these trends by continually innovating
and deploying new features and enhancements to augment the contributions of these offerings while reducing their associated overhead
and operating expenditures. To date, these efforts have significantly offset the bottom-line impacts of these offerings&#8217; revenue
declines. Nevertheless, we expect that the revenues and cash-flows generated by the BOSS Revolution and IDT Global businesses will decline
appreciably in the coming years as the overall paid communications market continues to contract.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On
a consolidated basis, the increasing revenue and gross margin contributions from our high-margin growth businesses in combination with
our efforts to maximize the cash generation of our lower margin, more mature offerings have enabled us to improve our consolidated bottom-line
performance in recent years, to further strengthen our balance sheet, and to return value to stockholders through purchases of our Class
B common stock and payment of a quarterly dividend We expect that this trend will accelerate and continue to offset declining revenues
from our legacy businesses as our high-margin growth businesses gradually become more significant contributors to our financial results
relative to our declining paid-minute voice communications businesses.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">BUSINESS
DESCRIPTION</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">National
Retail Solutions</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">NRS
generated $103.1 million in revenues and income from operations of $21.6 million in fiscal 2024, as compared with revenues of $77.1 million
and income from operations of $14.4 million in fiscal 2023.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">NRS
operates a network of POS terminals at independent retailers throughout the United States and has a small but growing presence in Canada.
The NRS solution includes integrated hardware and software tools that enable these retailers to operate more efficiently and compete
more effectively against larger retail chains.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
POS terminal&#8217;s hardware includes a cash register, barcode scanner, retailer and customer-facing hi-definition screens, a receipt
printer, and a credit card reader. NRS&#8217; integrated, proprietary software is offered to retailers as a service and provides operational
tools including inventory management, sales tracking, price book management, and other useful features. NRS technology teams continuously
enhance the software and develop new features to better serve existing customers and facilitate expansion into additional retail market
segments.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
primary market for NRS&#8217; POS terminals is the independently owned convenience, bodega, liquor, grocery, and tobacco stores in the
United States, many of which primarily serve foreign-born communities in urban areas.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">NRS
continues to increase the <span style="background-color: white">number of POS terminals active in its network. As of July 31, 2024, the
NRS POS </span>network <span style="background-color: white">included approximately 32,100 terminals, an increase from 25,700 a year
earlier. We believe that our network of NRS retailers comprises the largest POS network serving convenience store retailers in the U.S.
by a significant margin. </span>NRS sells its POS terminals through our and NRS&#8217; own dedicated sales agents, through in-house telemarketing,
and through strategic relationships with wholesale distributors.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">NRS
generates revenue from a portfolio of services for both retailers and third parties. The vast majority of revenue is generated by recurring
services including:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Merchant
                                            Services.</i> Merchant services revenue is generated by NRS PAY, a service enabling retailers
                                            to accept and process payments made by credit cards, debit cards, electronic benefits transfer
                                            and other forms of electronic payment. The NRS PAY offering is attractive to retailers for
                                            several reasons:</span></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.75in"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9675;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">For
                                            new customers / retailers, NRS incentivizes retailers to also enroll in NRS PAY by reducing
                                            the cost of the NRS POS hardware;</span></td></tr>
</table>

<p style="margin: 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="margin: 0"></p>

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<p style="margin: 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.75in"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in">&#9675;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">NRS
                                            PAY&#8217;s pricing model is straightforward and easily understood, NRS PAY does not charge
                                            hidden fees &#8211; a frequent sore point for retailers under contract to other providers;</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#9675;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">NRS
                                            provides the NRS PAY equipment at no cost to the retailer; and</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#9675;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">NRS
                                            PAY offers several credit card processing plans that include a cash discount offering, a
                                            standard plan and customized pricing.</span></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">NRS,
though NRS PAY, operates as an independent service organization (ISO), acting as an essential, retailer-facing intermediary between NRS
retailers and its payment facilitator.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">At
July 31, 2024, NRS had approximately 21,300 NRS PAY customers compared to approximately 15,800 a year earlier.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Display
                                            Advertising</i>. NRS&#8217; offerings participate in the retail media network advertising
                                            market, which is uniquely positioned to reach consumers at or near their point of purchase.
                                            Through its NRS Digital Media brand, NRS operates a nationwide, digital retail media platform.
                                            The platform leverages the 15-inch digital consumer facing display screens on each NRS terminal
                                            enabling advertisers to engage customers at the time of purchase. NRS Digital Media offers
                                            its large inventory of static and video advertisements, including video accompanying third-party
                                            provisioned content, extensive reach into the predominantly urban, multicultural consumer
                                            market served by NRS retailers. It markets its advertising inventory through both programmatic
                                            and, to a lesser extent, direct channels to consumer package-good sellers and other brand
                                            marketers, government agencies and non-profits.</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Data
                                            and Analytics</i>: NRS licenses its first party retail data from merchants operating the
                                            NRS POS system to consumer packaged goods brands, marketers, and other third-parties under
                                            its NRS Insights brand. This data captures product sales processed through the NRS POS at
                                            the transaction level including all scannable products identified with a universal product
                                            code (UPC) as well as items prepared or packaged in-house, i.e., brewed coffee, bakery, and
                                            food service. The data are provisioned based on the client&#8217;s formatting and business
                                            requirements and are typically ingested into broader sales and marketing data warehouses.
                                            NRS Insights&#8217; data typically fill a blind spot in overall retail sales, as the independent
                                            retailer market that NRS serves is often either under-represented through common data syndicators
                                            or not included in their &#8220;tracked channels&#8221;. Additionally, because NRS retailers&#8217;
                                            stores predominantly serve urban consumers, their shoppers over-index to multicultural demographics
                                            &#8211; a view that may be diluted or unavailable through other data providers and aggregators.</span></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
NRS Insights data are used by licensees both tactically and strategically. Common tactical applications of the data include sales enablement
activities such as identifying core item distribution voids and monitoring speed to shelf and adoption of new product launches. Popular
strategic applications of the data include gaining competitive intelligence, informing research and development activities, and informing
acquisition and merger strategies.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">NRS
Insights also provides analytical services to third parties, leveraging its data to answer high impact business questions including,
but not limited to, advertising measurement, market-basket studies, inventory (SKU) optimization, and price elasticity.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Terminal-based
                                            software services</i>. NRS offers retailers several pricing plans for its proprietary software
                                            solutions. These plans offer different levels of features depending on the retailer&#8217;s
                                            needs.</span></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
addition to these recurring sources of revenue, NRS also sells its POS terminals to retailers.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
believe that NRS&#8217; competitive advantages include:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
                                            purpose-built package of hardware and software is tailored specifically to the needs of independent
                                            retailers;</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
                                            established direct sales and marketing capabilities focused on independent retailers including
                                            our relationships with the wholesale distributors who supply these stores;</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
                                            POS terminal&#8217;s 15 inch hi-definition customer-facing screen for displaying advertising
                                            and promotions provisioned via the NRS platform, and established relationships with supply
                                            side advertising platforms;</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
                                            ability to accept and target advertising and content in multiple formats to meet the needs
                                            of a diverse variety of potential advertising inventory buyers;</span></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">For
                                            our data analytics business, the scale of our network and unique reach into the urban consumer
                                            convenience store market;</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
                                            focus on urban markets with high concentrations of first- and second-generation immigrants
                                            that provides advertisers and marketers with unprecedented reach and insight into these communities;</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">For
                                            NRS PAY, we are ideally positioned to supply payment processing services to retailers who
                                            purchase, or already utilize, our terminals, and appeal to many more potential customers
                                            through simplified, transparent pricing plans with credit card terminals, no hidden fees
                                            and lower total cost to operate than most competitors;</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
                                            certain states, NRS PAY&#8217;s solution is licensed to accept governmental electronic benefit
                                            transfers that certain competitors may not be licensed to accept;</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Because
                                            of our large scale compared to newcomers and small competitors, we are able to attractively
                                            price our software-as-a-service fees at levels that are generally well below theirs;</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
                                            ability to leverage new offerings for retailers through third party providers who are attracted
                                            by our scale and the flexibility of our platform; and</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
                                            experienced and proven management team, many of whom have been with NRS since inception.</span></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">NRS&#8217;
growth strategy includes:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Expansion
                                            of our POS terminal network into new retail verticals enabled, in some markets, by the development
                                            of new POS hardware formats and software functionalities;</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Subsidize
                                            the POS hardware, particularly for retailers who also enroll in NRS PAY;</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">For
                                            NRS PAY, conversion of current NRS terminal customers, particularly as contracts with their
                                            existing credit card processors expire, and conversion of existing NRS PAY customers to higher
                                            margin pricing plans;</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">For
                                            NRS advertising, integrations with new programmatic advertisers and the development of differentiated
                                            offerings that enable us to more effectively leverage the unique strengths of our platform;</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Develop
                                            partnerships to provide NRS retailers with robust home delivery service options; and</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Build
                                            out the NRS digital wholesale supply channel to provide NRS retailers with new cost-effective
                                            supply options.</span></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Competition</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Currently,
nationwide POS platform service providers, including Square, Toast, Lightspeed, Clover, and NCR, primarily serve retail chains or are
focused on other retail segments, such as sit-down restaurant chains.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">NRS
markets its POS platform offerings primarily to independent convenience stores, including bodegas, and other small format retailer store
owners including liquor and tobacco stores. Historically, many of NRS&#8217; customers have not previously used a POS system. In cases
where NRS&#8217; target market is using or does consider an alternative solution, we believe that NRS&#8217; suite of proprietary software
solutions, affordable and discounted POS equipment and free credit card terminals are key drivers behind its success versus the competition.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">NRS
expects to encounter more frequent direct competition from local and/or national POS networks as it expands to new adjacent target markets.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Fintech</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Fintech
is comprised of BOSS Money and other, significantly smaller, financial services businesses. Fintech revenues were $120.7 million in fiscal
2024 compared to $86.6 million in fiscal 2023. Fintech&#8217;s loss from operations was $0.1 million in fiscal 2024 compared to $2.5
million in fiscal 2023. BOSS Money revenues were $108.3 million in fiscal 2024, an increase of 40.8% from revenues of $76.9 million in
fiscal 2023.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">BOSS
Money enables customers in the United States and Canada to send money conveniently and affordably to third parties around the world.
International remittances are a primary economic activity for the tens of millions of first- and second-generation immigrants in the
United States. At July 31, 2024, BOSS Money provided its remittance service to 49 countries through approximately 1,300 payer entities
and its payout network included over 235,000 cash payout locations worldwide in addition to bank deposits, mobile money wallets, credit
to debit cards, and home delivery payout options.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">BOSS
Money is offered directly to consumers via our digital channels including the BOSS Money app and the BOSS Revolution app. To utilize
our digital channel, customers can charge their debit or credit cards or authorize ACH transfers from their bank accounts.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
retail channel network comprises licensed and authorized BOSS Money agents nationwide. Customers can initiate transfers through a BOSS
Money agent with cash as well as with their debit or credit cards.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
continue to build our retail origination network by using our internal sales force to recruit new BOSS Money retailers, primarily focusing
on retailers that already provision BOSS Revolution and IDT Digital Payments services. To qualify to provide our service, BOSS Money
retailers must meet certain stringent financial and other regulatory qualifications. We also continue to enhance the BOSS Money retailer
portal and platform to make transaction execution more convenient for retailers, the majority of whom host multiple remittance providers.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
continue to expand our BOSS Money customer base at rates well above the domestic remittance industry&#8217;s average by marketing to
the large BOSS Revolution customer base, as well as by targeting new customers directly, primarily through attractive fee and foreign
exchange rate offers, through both our digital and retail channels, but also through online, media and events advertising.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">BOSS
Money generates revenues from a per-transaction fee charged to the customer and from foreign exchange differentials. Our transaction
costs include commissions paid when the transaction is initiated by a retail agent, payment to the international disbursing agent, banking,
compliance and foreign currency exchange costs, and, for digital transfers, credit and debit card processing fees.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">BOSS
Money&#8217;s gross margins are typically higher on remittances initiated through our digital channels compared to retail channel transactions,
as we pay retail agents transaction-based commissions on the latter.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Competition
and Competitive Strengths</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
money transfer industry is intensely competitive, with participants ranging from banks, digital remittance providers, fintech startups
and traditional remitters. Digital competitors such as Xoom (a subsidiary of PayPal), Wise, Remitly, and Sendwave along with traditional
money remitters, including Western Union, Ria, MoneyGram, Intermex and Viamericas compete in the remittance space. Increased competition
could result in lower prices, slimmer margins, lower profitability and potential loss of market share.
The ability to adjust pricing and continuously innovate is crucial but also erodes margins. As competition in the remittance market intensifies,
there is a need to increase investment in marketing and promotions to attract and retain customers, which could lead to higher costs
and tighter margins. BOSS Money will also face challenges in retaining customers as the market becomes more competitive, and high churn
rates or failure to increase customer loyalty could negatively impact long-term growth.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
continue to compete successfully in part by migrating customers from our other BOSS offerings to BOSS Money leveraging our highly regarded
BOSS brand, insights into our customers, and cross-marketing capabilities. We compete for customers outside the BOSS ecosystem primarily
based on brand reputation, low fees, and competitive foreign exchange rates. We believe that BOSS Money&#8217;s competitive strengths
include:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
                                            BOSS name is an established and trusted brand that has served immigrant communities in the
                                            United States for over a decade. We spend significantly on BOSS-branded marketing to support
                                            BOSS Revolution and BOSS Money. Through the nationwide network of over 28,000 BOSS Revolution
                                            retailers, the BOSS brand has a high-visibility storefront presence in many communities with
                                            significant immigrant populations;</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
                                            BOSS customer eco-system includes the significantly larger customer bases of BOSS Revolution
                                            and IDT Digital Payments. We are able to significantly lower BOSS Money&#8217;s customer
                                            acquisition costs, and therefore grow more efficiently, through our intensive cross-product
                                            marketing efforts within our eco-system;</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
                                            BOSS Money and BOSS Revolution apps, which are used for the substantial majority of our transactions,
                                            are based on a proprietary, internally developed, scalable platform that has earned high
                                            marks from customers for its ease of use, reliability, and customer service;</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
                                            internal sales force, which serves our 28,000 BOSS Money retailers;</span></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0pt"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
                                            nationwide retail channel that enables underbanked and unbanked customers to initiate cash
                                            transactions;</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
                                            comprehensive compliance processes and procedures; and</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
                                            experienced management team.</span></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">BOSS
Money&#8217;s growth strategy includes:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Expansion
                                            of our international payout network with a focus on certain popular destinations in Africa
                                            and Asia;</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Expansion
                                            of origination beyond the United States and Canada to the United Kingdom and, potentially
                                            over the longer term, to European countries with large immigrant populations;</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Continued
                                            migration of our BOSS Revolution and IDT Digital Payments customers from competitors to BOSS
                                            Money;</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Further
                                            enhancement to our BOSS Money app, BOSS Revolution app and retailer portal;</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Increasing
                                            the number of BOSS Money retail agents; and</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Addition
                                            of new features and offerings.</span></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">net2phone</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">net2phone&#8217;s
revenues were $82.3 million in fiscal 2024 compared to $72.4 million in fiscal 2023. net2phone&#8217;s income from operations was $1.7
million in fiscal 2024 compared to loss from operations of $2.8 million in fiscal 2023.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">net2phone
enables its customers to transform their communications by leveraging its cloud platform to provide solutions that enable more intelligent,
flexible and adaptive communications. net2phone operates in the United States, Canada, Mexico, Central and South America and Spain.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">net2phone&#8217;s
offerings include:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Unified
                                            Communications as a Service (UCaaS):</i> net2phone&#8217;s <i>Unite</i> branded UCaaS service
                                            utilizes its cloud platform to provide conversational continuity across channels from any
                                            connected device &#8211; tethered or mobile &#8211; and to measure, manage and analyze those
                                            communications for enhanced insight and productivity. net2phone provides its UCaaS customers
                                            that convert from on-premise PBXs with advanced Internet Protocol, or IP, desktop phones
                                            and/or with a bring-your-own-device solution accessed through its integrated web portal and
                                            through net2phone&#8217;s mobile app. net2phone&#8217;s UCaaS service includes multi-channel
                                            communications with voice management features, unlimited domestic and international calling
                                            to over 40 countries, robust messaging and chat tools, voicemail to email transcription,
                                            client analytics, AI-powered functionalities including instant call summaries and transcripts,
                                            internal team chat, the net2phone Huddle video conferencing service, and reporting and system
                                            management capabilities accessed through its online console. net2phone&#8217;s UCaaS service
                                            integrates seamlessly with business communication platforms (such as Microsoft Teams and
                                            Slack), leading customer relationship management, or CRM, services (such as SalesForce, Zoho
                                            and others) and text-based communications platforms. net2phone adds features, enhancements
                                            and integrations on a regular basis leveraging its agile development philosophy.</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Contact
                                            Center as a Service (CCaaS)</i>: net2phone offers robust and integrated cloud CCaaS solutions
                                            under its uContact brand. uContact provides omnichannel contact center solutions including
                                            workflows, forms, reports, dashboards, CRM alerts, and monitoring for inbound, outbound,
                                            or blended contact centers. uContact also offers gamification components to improve employee
                                            efficiency and engagement. uContact is sold either as a stand-alone offer or as a bundled
                                            solution with net2phone&#8217;s UCaaS or SIP Trunking offerings.</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Huddle</i>:
                                            net2phone&#8217;s video and audio streaming solution, Huddle, is integrated with and provisioned
                                            through its unified communications offering, Unite. Huddle delivers a comprehensive feature
                                            set including phone dial-in conference options, robust user controls, single sign-on, noise
                                            cancelation, screen blur, Huddle reactions and complete on-the-go access. Huddle integrates
                                            fully with Google and Microsoft Outlook calendars. Conversations on Huddle are secure, and
                                            passcode protected.</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Session
                                            Initiation Protocol (SIP) Trunking</i>: net2phone&#8217;s SIP Trunking service provides high-quality
                                            voice channels from net2phone&#8217;s expansive VoIP network directly to the client&#8217;s
                                            on-premise IP-PBX. net2phone&#8217;s SIP Trunking service has been certified for compatibility
                                            with leading IP-PBX vendors such as Avaya and 3CX.</span></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">These
offerings include advanced feature sets ideal for many mid-market scale businesses with 50 to 1000 seats.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Other
net2phone differentiators include white glove customer service, integrations with third-party software and deep localization. net2phone&#8217;s
global infrastructure, locally based sales and customer support teams and native language support, enable net2phone clients to retain
the look and feel of localized customer and user experiences.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">net2phone
goes to market through a synergistic combination of channel partnership and direct to end-user sales with differentiated approaches tailored
to each geographic market.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">net2phone
focuses primarily on an indirect go-to-market strategy in the majority of its markets, utilizing extensive networks of channel partners
including Technology Solutions Brokerages (TSBs), Tech Services Distributors (TSDs), Managed Service Providers (MSPs), and Value-Added
Resellers (VARs) partners. This channel-centric approach enables net2phone to efficiently reach its extensive target market of midsize
businesses, which rely heavily on these types of service providers to address their IT needs. net2phone&#8217;s partner channel is overseen
by regional channel sales managers employed by net2phone.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">net2phone
is continuing to expand its direct-to-business channel in each of its markets through digital marketing, brand awareness campaigns, and
participating in local and regional events.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Both
net2phone&#8217;s channel partners and direct business customers choose its solutions because of our user-friendly offerings, availability
of in-house support agents, value proposition, and track record of reliability and stability. Channel partners value net2phone for its
extensive customization capabilities, frictionless and rapid quote generation, and competitive compensation &#8211; backed by its dedicated
channel sales team.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">net2phone&#8217;s
direct marketing to channel partners and end users includes search engine marketing, search engine optimization, third-party lead generation
platforms, social media marketing, webinars, industry focused events, and other forms of demand generation.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">net2phone&#8217;s
indirect marketing funnels through its network of partners, technology distributors, and affiliates and includes tradeshows and local
events, marketing development support for partners and other forms of demand generation, layered with ongoing channel sales training,
proof of concepts and demos.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">net2phone
closely tracks its acquisition costs across both channels to ensure it is acquiring customers in a cost-efficient manner and consistent
with its targets for return on investment.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">net2phone&#8217;s
growth strategy includes:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Expanded
                                            AI-powered functionalities to further leverage the large and improving capabilities of language
                                            models to drive quantifiable improvements in customer engagement and business performance
                                            across its Unite and uContact platforms, and its Huddle video conferencing feature. net2phone
                                            AI was initially introduced on net2phone&#8217;s platform in 2024, including instant call
                                            transcription and summarization features.</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Across
                                            its offerings, net2phone plans to introduce burstable line capacity that allows a customer
                                            to temporarily increase their bandwidth to handle short-term traffic spikes, providing end
                                            users with the option to leverage net2phone&#8217;s robust network capabilities to temporarily
                                            exceed stipulated line limits, thereby enabling them to effortlessly add additional capacity
                                            during periods of brief demand volatility.</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">For
                                            its Unite customers, net2phone plans to provide integration with WhatsApp. With this integration
                                            &#8211; already available to uContact customers, clients will be able to send and receive
                                            WhatsApp messages on the net2phone portal.</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Premium
                                            plan tiers: net2phone offers multiple tiered plans with differentiated functionalities and
                                            pricing for its UCaaS and CCaaS offerings. To meet the needs of its customers and enhance
                                            revenue per customer, sales efforts will focus on upselling premium feature sets to existing
                                            customers as well as onboarding new customers on premium plans.</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Focus
                                            channel expansion on MSPs and resellers: net2phone&#8217;s continuous product development
                                            makes its offerings increasingly attractive to larger, more complex organizations that demand
                                            more advanced feature sets. As a result, net2phone is focused on expanding its partnerships
                                            with both MSPs, who provision services to larger, more technologically demanding end users
                                            on a subscription basis, and resellers, who purchase services directly for subsequent resale,
                                            often under their own label, and who are responsible for customer onboarding and support.</span></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Expansion
                                            of CCaaS: net2phone&#8217;s uContact branded CCaaS solution enables net2phone to expand its
                                            channel partner portfolio by adding partners that focus mainly or exclusively on the CCaaS
                                            space. uContact also expands net2phone&#8217;s total addressable market by allowing it to
                                            target larger enterprise accounts, business process optimization, or BPO, providers (outsourced
                                            call centers), and international contact centers, as well as entities that want an integrated
                                            UCaaS and CCaaS solution. net2phone expects CCaaS-driven opportunities will continue to increase
                                            its average user per customer considerably beyond what it experiences in the UCaaS space.
                                            In addition, Ucontact is expected to generate higher revenue per customer, while commanding
                                            stickier, longer-term relationships with customers.</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Selectively
                                            pursue acquisitions and strategic investments: net2phone may continue to selectively pursue
                                            acquisitions and strategic investments to strengthen its platform with new capabilities and
                                            solutions as well as to expand its position in its existing markets or to establish a presence
                                            in new markets.</span></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Competitive
Strengths</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
believe that net2phone&#8217;s competitive strengths include:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Proprietary
                                            communications-as-a-service product suite.</i> net2phone provides a leading, proprietary
                                            cloud-based communications and collaboration platform for its customers. Key differentiators
                                            include net2phone&#8217;s advanced feature sets, proprietary CCaaS offering, white glove
                                            customer service, integrations with third-party software, and deep localization. Through
                                            net2phone&#8217;s platform, customers can access voice, video, chat and messaging services,
                                            softphone and mobile applications, customizable packages, and a partner portal. The seamlessly
                                            integrated solutions on net2phone&#8217;s platform are delivered and centrally managed through
                                            an intuitive, &#8216;single pane of glass&#8217; master portal that allows channel partners
                                            and customers to easily monitor and manage the product offering. net2phone&#8217;s CCaaS
                                            offering provides software for customized campaign management, including inbound and outbound
                                            call management, messaging, gamification, reporting, and live monitoring. net2phone&#8217;s
                                            CCaaS offering is tailored for call centers ranging from 20 to 1,000 agents. net2phone supports
                                            seamless product suite integrations with leading third-party CRMs and text-based business
                                            collaboration platforms including Google Meet, Microsoft Teams, Zoho, Slack, Zapier, and
                                            Salesforce, with new integrations added to meet demand.</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Platform
                                            built for our channel partners.</i> net2phone has built its platform to both serve the needs
                                            of its customers and to empower its channel partners. We believe that net2phone&#8217;s platform
                                            provides its partners with an effective way to market and sell its comprehensive solutions
                                            to new customers and manage its existing customers. In addition, net2phone&#8217;s integrations
                                            with leading third-party applications enable its partners to offer more comprehensive solutions.
                                            net2phone&#8217;s suite of solutions is delivered to the marketplace both quickly, intuitively,
                                            and precisely. net2phone has developed a proprietary partner portal exclusively for its growing
                                            partner community. net2phone&#8217;s channel partners can easily quote and deliver a net2phone
                                            proposal and agreement proceeding directly to onboarding.</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>One
                                            World, One Platform</i>. net2phone is deploying a single cloud-based platform to provide
                                            its unified communications service globally. This single-platform approach enables a consistent,
                                            holistic approach to new feature deployment, service upgrades, and marketing. The platform
                                            has been deployed in the United States, Brazil, and Mexico to date.</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Distribution
                                            power of net2phone&#8217;s more than 2,500 active channel partners enhanced with an emergent
                                            direct to consumer strategy.</i> net2phone&#8217;s&#8217; vast and growing partner network
                                            gives it tremendous leverage to grow its business customer base, increase revenue from its
                                            existing clients and expand its footprint to adjacent geographies. net2phone&#8217;s platform
                                            is tailored to support channel partners and includes channel incentives built into its pricing
                                            structure, technology platform, and support services. net2phone puts its channel and customer
                                            priorities first. Channel partners are motivated to sell net2phone&#8217;s offering due to
                                            its premier, localized channel partner support and marketing. While net2phone is primarily
                                            focused on strategically growing its channel sales, it has also been focusing on the expansion
                                            of its direct-to-business sales.</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Differentiated
                                            customer support and local market presence.</i> net2phone offers channel partners and customers
                                            white glove customer service, integrations with third-party software, and deep localization.
                                            net2phone&#8217;s on-the-ground presence in international markets accounted for approximately
                                            77% of its personnel at the end of fiscal 2024. Regional-based customer service and sales
                                            teams are a key differentiator and propel net2phone&#8217;s international business.</span></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Track
                                            record and focus on innovative solutions.</i> net2phone&#8217;s long track record of innovation
                                            includes the development of its proprietary UCaaS platform, including the Huddle video conferencing
                                            service, as well as numerous patents around virtualized communication technologies.</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Employee-friendly
                                            culture that allows net2phone to attract and retain talent</i>. net2phone has sought to create
                                            a workplace and culture that is entrepreneurial, positive, employee-friendly and encourages
                                            its employees to work towards its shared goals of delivering innovative solutions to its
                                            customers and supporting its partners. As of July 31, 2024, net2phone had approximately 460
                                            employees worldwide, with 77% located outside of the United States.</span></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Competition</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">net2phone&#8217;s
most significant competitors in the UCaaS space include RingCentral, 8x8, Crexendo, Vonage, and Nextiva. Many of these companies offer
more widely recognized brands, larger and more developed marketing and sales forces and/or channel agent networks, and more advanced
product sets and solutions customized for specific market segments or verticals. These competitors&#8217; offerings typically also support
integration of their services with other well-known, third-party CRM vendors as well as with various Google and Microsoft applications.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
CCaaS market is fragmented, highly competitive and evolving rapidly in response to shifting consumer behavior, especially the rapid adoption
of AI, mobile devices and social media. The proliferation of AI, mobile devices and social media is driving change in contact center
technology, as customers expect seamless communication across any channel according to their preference and needs. net2phone competes
with large legacy vendors that offer on-premise contact center systems, such as Avaya and Cisco. These legacy telephony vendors are increasingly
supplementing and replacing their traditional on-premise contact center systems with competing cloud offerings, through a combination
of acquisitions, partnerships, and in-house development. Additionally, net2phone competes with vendors that historically provided other
contact center services and technologies and expanded to offer cloud contact center software such as NICE, Five9, and Genesys. net2phone
also faces competition from many smaller contact center service providers such as Talkdesk and Seranova, as well as vendors offering
both unified communications and contact center solutions. In addition, Amazon and Twilio have introduced solutions aimed at companies
who wish to build their own contact centers with in-house developers. CRM vendors are also increasingly offering features and functionality
that were traditionally provided by contact center service providers. CRM vendors also continue to partner with contact center service
providers to provide integrated solutions and may, in the future, acquire competitive contact center service providers.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">net2phone&#8217;s
competitors may enjoy competitive advantages over it, including greater name recognition, longer operating histories and larger marketing
budgets, as well as greater financial and/or technical resources. With the introduction of new technologies and market entrants, net2phone
expects competition to continue to intensify.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Traditional
Communications</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
Traditional Communications segment generated $899.6 million in revenues and income from operations of $56.4 million in fiscal 2024, as
compared with revenues of $1,002.7 million and income from operations of $61.3 million in fiscal 2023.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Traditional
Communications comprises the following businesses:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">IDT
                                            Digital Payments, which includes certain consumer prepaid offerings &#8211; primarily mobile
                                            top-up, which enables customers to transfer airtime and bundles of airtime, messaging, and
                                            data to international and domestic mobile accounts, and Zendit, its cloud-based prepaid-as-a-service
                                            platform, which enables businesses and developers to offer prepaid digital offerings globally
                                            through their apps and websites;</span></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">BOSS
                                            Revolution, an international long-distance calling service marketed primarily to immigrant
                                            communities in the United States and Canada;</span></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">IDT
                                            Global, a wholesale provider of international voice and SMS termination and outsourced traffic
                                            management solutions to telecoms worldwide; and</span></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Other
                                            small businesses and offerings including early-stage business initiatives and mature businesses
                                            in harvest mode.</span></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">IDT
Digital Payments</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">IDT
Digital Payments&#8217; revenues were $407.4 million in fiscal 2024 compared to $417.1 million in fiscal 2023 (45.3% and 41.6% of Traditional
Communications&#8217; revenues in fiscal 2024 and fiscal 2023, respectively). The substantial majority of IDT Digital Payments&#8217;
revenue is from sales of international mobile top-up services. IDT Digital Payments offers mobile top-up for approximately 185 different
carriers in more than 100 countries, primarily in Latin America, the Caribbean and Africa. IDT Digital Payments leverages our platform
capabilities, our distribution reach into foreign-born communities and our relationships with mobile operators around the world.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">IDT
Digital Payments is sold through the BOSS platform primarily through three channels:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">direct-to-consumer,
                                            through the BOSS digital channel, including our BOSS Revolution and BOSS Money apps, and
                                            the BOSS Revolution website;</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">retail,
                                            through our BOSS Revolution retail network including direct provisioning by retailers using
                                            our BOSS Revolution retailer platform, NRS terminals and through mobile operator-branded
                                            top-up cards, and</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">enterprise
                                            and wholesale, in which we provision international offerings for other businesses through
                                            Zendit&#8217;s cloud-based prepaid-as-a-service platform.</span></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">IDT
Digital Payments&#8217; growth drivers include deployment of additional data-centric bundles to meet the growing demand for data from
mobile phone customers in developing countries worldwide, the introduction of digital gift cards and e-sims, cross selling to our current
BOSS Revolution and BOSS Money customers, expansion of the Zendit prepaid platform, and further expansion into the enterprise and wholesale
market as well as other regions.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Competition</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">IDT
Digital Payments&#8217; major competitors include:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">international
                                            mobile operators, who seek to control more of their own distribution channel or create their
                                            own products that directly compete with IDT Digital Payments; and</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">other
                                            service providers, distributors, and wholesalers, including DT One, Ding, and Recharge.com.</span></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
believe that IDT Digital Payments&#8217; competitive advantages include:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">our
                                            direct connection to most of the Tier 1 and Tier 2 mobile carriers worldwide;</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the
                                            strength of IDT&#8217;s balance sheet, which allows us to compete effectively in capital
                                            intensive prepaid markets;</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">our
                                            extensive distribution and retail networks that provide us with a strong presence in communities
                                            of foreign-born residents, a significant portion of which purchase our services with cash;
                                            and</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">our
                                            strong omni channel approach, which includes the BOSS Revolution retailer network, the BOSS
                                            digital platform, including the BOSS Money and BOSS Revolution apps and the BOSS Revolution
                                            website, and the enterprise and wholesale channel.</span></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">BOSS
Revolution</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">BOSS
Revolution&#8217;s revenues were $263.2 million in fiscal 2024 compared to $322.1 million in fiscal 2023 (29.3% and 32.1% of Traditional
Communications&#8217; revenues in fiscal 2024 and fiscal 2023, respectively).</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">BOSS
Revolution is a prepaid international long-distance calling service marketed primarily to foreign-born and under-banked consumers in
the United States and Canada, and a digital-only offering in Europe and Australia.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">BOSS
Revolution includes our flagship &#8216;BOSS Revolution&#8217; branded international long-distance prepaid calling service as well as
disposable hard cards sold under a variety of brands. In the United States, BOSS Revolution served, as of July 31, 2024, approximately
1.8 million customers per month.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">BOSS
Revolution is offered through our digital channels &#8211; the BOSS Revolution app and website, and through our extensive national network
of BOSS Revolution retailers.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">BOSS
Revolution allows users to place international long-distance calls at affordable rates from the BOSS Revolution app or by calling an
access number. Regardless of how the call originates, our customers must first establish and top-up a prepaid BOSS Revolution account
that is linked to their phone. Customers can open a BOSS Revolution account for free and top-up with a debit or credit card using the
BOSS Revolution app, through the BOSS Revolution website (www.bossrevolution.com) or by phone, or with cash at any BOSS Revolution retailer.
Once the account is established and a call is placed, our platform recognizes the customer&#8217;s phone through its network-provided
automatic number identification and seamlessly links each call to the corresponding BOSS Revolution account. Callers then enter their
destination phone numbers. BOSS Revolution customers&#8217; account balances are debited at a fixed rate per minute or at a fixed amount
for calling plans to a specific country over a specified time period. In contrast to certain of our competitors, BOSS Revolution does
not charge connection, usage or breakage fees. BOSS Revolution&#8217;s per minute rates vary by the destination country, city, and whether
the call is placed to a landline or mobile phone. Rates are published on the BOSS Revolution website and within the BOSS Revolution app.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Users
of the BOSS Revolution app constitute the majority of our customers to date. At July 31, 2024, approximately 1.25 million customers per
month utilized the BOSS Revolution app.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
the United States, we distribute our BOSS Revolution hard cards and other retail products primarily through our network of distributors
that, either directly or through sub-distributors, sell to retail locations. In addition, our internal sales force sells BOSS Revolution
and other platform products directly to retailers.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">At
July 31, 2024, approximately 28,000 retailers per month utilized our digital retailer platform to provision customers, the substantial
majority of whom pay the retailer in cash. In addition, we estimate that approximately 3,000 retailers resell our disposable hard cards
without utilizing our retailer portal. BOSS Revolution retailers are typically independent retailers serving foreign-born communities
with significant unbanked or under-banked populations.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
BOSS Revolution retailer portal can be accessed by any broadband enabled device. Through the portal, retailers can access our platform
to create accounts for new customers, add funds to existing customer balances and execute sales transactions. The platform provides us
with a direct, real-time interface with our BOSS Revolution retailers to create a cost-effective and adaptable distribution model that
allows us to target and promote services directly to distributors and retailers, to introduce and cross-sell new offerings, and to rapidly
adapt to changes in the business environment.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
the United States, the BOSS Revolution brand is supported by national, regional, and local marketing programs that include television
and radio advertising, online advertising and grass roots marketing at community and sporting events. In addition, we work closely with
distributors and retailers on in-store promotional programs and events.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">BOSS
Revolution&#8217;s retail sales have traditionally been, and continue to be, strongest in the Northeastern United States and in Florida
because of our extensive local distribution network. We continue to grow BOSS Revolution&#8217;s distributor relationships and expand
BOSS Revolution&#8217;s retail network in other areas of the United States and Canada, including the Southwest and West Coast.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Competition</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">BOSS
Revolution is subject to fierce competition. While virtually any company offering communication services is a competitor, we face particularly
strong competition from Tier 1 mobile network operators who offer flat-rate international calling plans, other PIN-less prepaid voice
offerings, prepaid calling card providers, mobile virtual network operators, and VoIP and other &#8220;over the top&#8221;, or OTT, service
providers. Outside the United States, we also compete with large state-owned or state-sanctioned telephone companies.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Many
of these companies, including AT&amp;T, Verizon, and T-Mobile, are substantially larger and have greater financial, technical, engineering,
personnel, and marketing resources, longer operating histories, greater name recognition, and larger customer bases than we do.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
addition to these larger competitors, we face significant competition from smaller prepaid calling providers.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">From
time to time, competitors may offer rates that are substantially below ours, in an apparent attempt to gain market share. In some instances,
these rates are below what we believe to be the cost to provide the service. This predatory pricing can adversely affect our revenues
and our gross margins.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
continued growth of OTT calling and messaging services such as WhatsApp, Messenger, FaceTime, and others have adversely affected the
sales of BOSS Revolution and our other prepaid calling services. We expect the popularity of these IP-based services&#8212;many of which
offer free voice and/or video communications&#8212;to continue to increase, which will increase substitution for, and pricing pressure
on, our BOSS Revolution and other international prepaid calling offerings. However, free services typically require both the caller and
recipient to have a broadband connection. BOSS Revolution utilizes telephone networks to enable voice communications even when neither
party has broadband connectivity.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Many
mobile operators offer unlimited international long-distance plans that include international destinations to which customers can place
direct calls from their mobile phones without time limitation. These plans now include some of our most popular international destinations.
The growth of these &#8220;international unlimited&#8221; plans adversely affects our revenues as these operators gain subscriber market
share.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
ability to compete successfully against these various operators and service providers stems from several factors, including:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">our
                                            interconnect and termination agreements, network infrastructure, and least-cost-routing system
                                            enable us to offer low-cost, high-quality services;</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">our
                                            continued innovation with new plans tailored to the specific needs of different corridors
                                            and finding new ways of delivering more value to consumers striving to connect with third
                                            parties around the globe;</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">our
                                            extensive distribution and retail networks provide us with a strong presence in communities
                                            of foreign-born residents, a significant portion of which purchase our services with cash;</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">our
                                            BOSS Revolution brand is often highly visible in these communities and has a reputation for
                                            quality service and competitive, transparent pricing;</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">our
                                            continued migration of our existing customers to our digital platform including the BOSS
                                            Revolution app; and</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">our
                                            offering of synergistic IDT Digital Payments and BOSS Money over the BOSS Revolution platform
                                            that customers can conveniently access from their accounts.</span></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
ability to maintain and/or to capture additional market share will remain dependent upon our ability to continue to provide competitively
priced services, to maintain our distribution and retail networks, to increase usage through the BOSS Revolution app, and to innovate
new products and services to fit the evolving needs of our customers.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">IDT
Global</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">IDT
Global&#8217;s revenues were $201.1 million in fiscal 2024 compared to $230.3 million in fiscal 2023, contributing 22.4% and 23.0% of
Traditional Communications&#8217; revenues in fiscal 2024 and fiscal 2023, respectively.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">IDT
Global is one of the larger wholesale carriers of international long-distance minutes in the world.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">IDT
Global&#8217;s telecommunications network is comprised of interconnections and commercial relationships that reach virtually every significant
global telecom operator. These relationships enable us to carry international telecommunications traffic to more than 200 countries around
the world. IDT Global&#8217;s customers include our BOSS Revolution and net2phone businesses, major and niche carriers around the globe,
mobile network operators, and other service providers such as call aggregators. For many of these customers, particularly the major carriers,
we engage in buy-sell relationships, terminating their customers&#8217; traffic in exchange for terminating our traffic with them.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">IDT
Global offers competitively priced international termination rates at several quality levels. We can offer competitively priced termination
services in part because of the large volumes of originating minutes generated by our BOSS Revolution business, our global platform powered
by proprietary software, our team of professional and experienced account managers and market makers, and our global network of interconnections
and relationships with other telecom operators. IDT Global&#8217;s services are marketed and sold through our internal account management
team and the IDT Express digital portal. IDT Express focuses on delivering wholesale voice and direct inward dialing, or DID, services
to small and medium size businesses domestically and internationally.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Traditional
Communications terminated 8.0 billion minutes in fiscal 2024, as compared to 9.3 billion minutes in fiscal 2023. IDT Global accounted
for 5.7 billion minutes and 6.3 billion minutes of the total Traditional Communications&#8217; minutes in fiscal 2024 and fiscal 2023,
respectively.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">IDT
Global has a significant number of direct connections to Tier 1 providers in North America, Latin America, Asia, Africa, Europe, and
the Middle East. Tier 1 providers are the largest recognized licensed carriers in the country. Direct connections improve the quality
of the telephone calls and reduce the cost, thereby enabling us to generate more traffic with higher margins to the associated foreign
locales. We also have direct relationships with mobile network operators, reflecting their growing share of the voice traffic market.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Termination
rates charged by Tier 1 and other providers of international long-distance traffic have been declining for many years. Nevertheless,
termination rates charged to us by individual Tier 1 carriers and mobile operators can be volatile. Termination price volatility on heavily
trafficked routes can significantly impact our minutes of use and wholesale revenues.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
addition to offering competitive rates to our carrier customers, we emphasize our ability to offer the high-quality connections that
these providers often require. To that end, we offer higher-priced services in which we provide higher-quality connections, based upon
a set of predetermined quality of service criteria. These services meet a growing need for higher-quality connections for some of our
customers who provide services to high-value, quality-conscious retail customers. As of July 31, 2024, IDT Global, through its wholesale
carrier organization and IDT Express channel had more than 1,600 customers, including more than 280 carrier relationships globally.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">IDT
Global&#8217;s revenues are generated by sales to both postpaid and prepaid customers. Postpaid customers typically include Tier 1 carriers,
mobile network operators, and our most creditworthy customers. The majority of IDT Global&#8217;s prepaid customers connect via our IDT
Express portal. IDT Express offers the convenience of a mobile self-service portal paired with dedicated account managers backed by customer
support. Prepaid customers are typically smaller telecommunication companies as well as independent call aggregators.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">IDT
Global also offers outsourcing services to help fixed and mobile telephony operators enhance the profitability and value of their international
voice operations. IDT Global offers these operators customized solutions, including full outsourcing, handing all inbound and outbound
calls with or without switch management, and hybrid arrangements whereby the operator retains certain routes or customers directly. Pursuant
to these deals, IDT Global collaborates with the operators to provide a full range of international long-distance services to their respective
customers in-country and overseas.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">IDT
Global is subject to intense revenue and margin pressure as communications globally continues to transition away from international voice
calling to video conferencing and other collaboration platforms, low-cost or free messaging services, free peer-to-peer voice calls available
when both parties utilize broadband connections, and flat-rate international long-distance plans offered both by the largest mobile network
operators and niche mobile virtual network operators.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0.25in; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Competition</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
wholesale carrier industry has numerous entities competing for the same customers, primarily based on price and quality of service.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">IDT
Global participates in a global marketplace with:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">interexchange
                                            carriers and other long-distance resellers and providers, including large carriers such as
                                            T-Mobile, AT&amp;T, and Verizon;</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">historically
                                            state-owned or state-sanctioned telephone companies such as Telefonica, Orange SA, and KDDI;</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">on-line,
                                            spot-market trading exchanges for voice minutes;</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">OTT
                                            internet telephony providers;</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">other
                                            VoIP providers;</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">other
                                            providers of international long-distance services; and</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">alliances
                                            between large multinational carriers that provide wholesale carrier services.</span></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
believe that IDT Global derives a competitive advantage over some participants on certain routes from several inter-related factors:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">our
                                            BOSS Revolution business generates originating minutes, which represents a desirable, negotiable
                                            asset that helps us win return traffic and obtain beneficial pricing which we can offer in
                                            the wholesale marketplace;</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the
                                            proprietary technologies powering our IDT Global platform and, in particular, the software
                                            that drives VoIP enables us to scale up at a lower cost than many of our competitors;</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">our
                                            professional and experienced account management team; and</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">our
                                            extensive network of interconnects around the globe, with the ability to connect in whichever
                                            format (IP or time-division multiplexing, or TDM) is most feasible.</span></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0pt"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Communications
and Payment Network Infrastructure and Technology Development</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
products and services utilize a combination of proprietary software and services as well as technologies and services provided by third
parties. We have developed intuitive user interfaces, customer tools and transaction processing, and database and network applications
that enable our users to reliably and securely complete transactions and help our customers and partners utilize our suite of services.
Our technology infrastructure simplifies the storage and processing of large amounts of data, eases the deployment and operation of large-scale
global products and services, and automates much of the administration of large-scale clusters of computers.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
technology infrastructure has been designed around industry-standard architectures to reduce downtime in the event of outages or catastrophic
occurrences. We strive to continually improve our technology infrastructure to enhance the customer experience and to increase efficiency,
scalability, and security. Our platforms&#8217; architecture enables us to connect parties regardless of whether the transaction is occurring
at a traditional physical location, online, or through a mobile device. Our platforms incorporate multiple layers of protection, both
for continuity purposes and to address cybersecurity challenges. We engage in multiple efforts to protect our software platforms against
these challenges, including regularly testing our systems to address potential vulnerabilities.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
technology organization is responsible for the design, development, testing, and delivery of new software, technologies, and features
of our products and services, as well as the continued improvement and iteration of our existing products and services. Our technology
employees are distributed globally in our Newark, Jerusalem, Guatemala, Warsaw, and Minsk offices. Our technology team consists of our
software engineering, voice engineering, quality engineering, data warehousing, ML (Machine Learning) and AI (Artificial Intelligence)
development, data engineering, systems, NOC (Network Operations Center), and operations teams. We intend to continue to invest in our
research and development capabilities to extend our products and services.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
technology organization uses several key performance indicators to track service quality that meet or exceed industry standards for Software-as-a-Service
and technology enabled services. Our technology organization maintained an aggregate service uptime of approximately 99.97% in fiscal
2024. The software defect escape ratio, a measure of quality engineering for our flagship BOSS Revolution brand, was 4% in fiscal 2024,
meaning more than 96% of product defects were detected and fixed internally before being released to our customers. Furthermore, this
high level of quality was achieved utilizing suites of proprietary tests of which the majority are fully automated by a combination of
proprietary software and technologies provided by third parties.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
product offerings and go-to-market strategy continue to evolve, and we expect our product offerings to continue to become available to
customers at more frequent intervals than our historical release cycles. Our Agile development methodology is characterized by a dynamic
development process with more frequent revisions to a product release&#8217;s features and functions as the software is being developed.
In addition, we have implemented a holistic portfolio management process, which has improved transparency and efficiency across the portfolio
through a recurring cadence of business reviews.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">REGULATION</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
following summary of regulatory developments and legislation is intended to describe what we believe to be the most important, but not
all, current and proposed international, federal, state, and local laws, regulations, orders, and legislation that are likely to materially
affect us.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Regulation
of Telecom in the United States</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Telecommunications
services are subject to extensive government regulation at both the federal and state levels in the United States. Any violations of
the regulations may subject us to enforcement actions, including interest and penalties. The Federal Communications Commission, or FCC,
has jurisdiction over all telecommunication&#8217;s common carriers to the extent they provide interstate or international communications
services, including the use of local networks to originate or terminate such services. Each state regulatory commission has jurisdiction
over the same carriers with respect to their provision of local and intrastate communications services. Local governments often indirectly
regulate aspects of our communications business by imposing zoning requirements, taxes, permit or right-of-way procedures or franchise
fees. Significant changes to the applicable laws or regulations imposed by any of these regulators could have a material adverse effect
on our business, operating results and financial condition.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Regulation
of Telecom by the Federal Communications Commission</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
1997, the FCC issued an order, referred to as the Universal Service Order, that requires all telecommunications carriers providing interstate
telecommunications services to contribute to universal service support programs administered by the FCC (known as the Universal Service
Fund). In addition, beginning in October 2006, interconnected VoIP providers, such as our subsidiary net2phone, are required to contribute
to the Universal Service Fund. These periodic contributions are currently assessed based on a percentage of each contributor&#8217;s
interstate and international end user telecommunications revenues reported to the FCC. We also contribute to several other regulatory
funds and programs, most notably Telecommunications Relay Service, or TRS, FCC Regulatory Fees, and Local Number Portability (collectively,
the Other Funds). We and most of our competitors pass through Universal Service Fund and Other Funds contributions as part of the price
of our services, either as part of the base rate or, to the extent allowed, as a separate surcharge on customer bills. Due to the manner
in which these contributions are calculated, we cannot be assured that we fully recover from our customers all of our contributions.
In addition, based on the nature of our current business, we receive certain exemptions from Universal Service Fund contributions. Changes
in our business could eliminate our ability to qualify for some or all of these exemptions. As a result, our ability to pursue certain
new business opportunities in the future may be constrained in order to maintain these exemptions, the elimination of which could materially
affect the rates we would need to charge for existing services. Changes in regulation may also have an impact on the availability of
some or all of these exemptions. If even some of these exemptions become unavailable, they could materially increase our Universal Service
Fund or Other Funds&#8217; contributions and have a material adverse effect on the cost of our operations and, therefore, on our ability
to continue to operate profitably, and to develop and grow our business. We cannot be certain of the stability of the contribution factors
for the Other Funds. Significant increases in the contribution factor for the Other Funds in general and the TRS Fund in particular can
impact our profitability. Whether these contribution factors will be stable in the future is unknown, but it is possible that we will
be subject to significant increases.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Regulation
of Telecom by State Public Utility Commissions</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
telecommunications services that originate and terminate within the same state, including both local and in-state long distance services
are subject to the jurisdiction of that state&#8217;s public utility commission, or PUC. The Communications Act of 1934, as amended,
generally preempts state statutes and regulations that prevent the provision of competitive services but permits state PUCs to regulate
the rates, terms and conditions of intrastate services, so long as such regulation is not inconsistent with the requirements of federal
law. We are certified to provide facilities-based and/or resold long-distance service in all 50 states and facilities-based and resold
local exchange service in 45 states. In addition to requiring certification, state regulatory authorities may impose tariff and filing
requirements, consumer protection measures, and obligations to contribute to the Universal Service Fund and Other Funds. Rates for intrastate
switched access services, which we both pay to local exchange companies and collect from long-distance companies for terminating in-state
toll calls, are subject to the jurisdiction of the state commissions. State commissions also have jurisdiction to approve negotiated
rates, or establish rates through arbitration, for interconnection, including rates for unbundled network elements. Changes in those
access charges or rates for unbundled network elements could have a substantial and material impact on our business.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Regulation
of Telecom&#8212;International</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
connection with our international operations, we have obtained licenses or are otherwise authorized to provide telecommunications services
in various foreign countries. We have obtained licenses or authorizations in Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Denmark,
Germany, Hong Kong, Italy, Japan, Mexico, the Netherlands, Peru, Singapore, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom,
and Uruguay. In numerous countries where we operate or plan to operate, we are subject to many local laws and regulations that, among
other things, may restrict or limit the ability of telecommunications companies to provide telecommunications services in competition
with state-owned or state-sanctioned dominant carriers.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Regulation
of Internet Telephony</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
use of the Internet and private IP networks to provide voice communications services is generally less regulated than traditional switch-based
telephony within the United States and abroad and, in many markets, is not subject to the imposition of certain taxes and fees that increase
our costs. As a result, we are able, in many markets, to offer VoIP communications services at rates that are more attractive than those
applicable to traditional telephone services. However, in the U.S. and abroad, there have been efforts by legislatures and regulators
to harmonize the regulatory structures between traditional switch-based telephony and VoIP. This could result in additional fees, charges,
taxes, and regulations on IP communications services that could materially increase our costs and may limit or eliminate our competitive
pricing advantages. Additionally, several foreign governments have adopted laws and/or regulations that could restrict or prohibit the
provision of voice communications services over the Internet or private IP networks. These efforts could likewise harm our ability to
offer VoIP communications services.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Money
Transmitter and Payment Instrument Laws and Regulations</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
consumer payment services offerings include BOSS Money and various network branded, also called &#8220;open loop&#8221;, prepaid card
offerings. These industries are heavily regulated. Accordingly, we, and the products and services that we market in consumer payment
services, are subject to a variety of federal and state laws and regulations, including:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Banking
                                            laws and regulations;</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Money
                                            transmitter and payment instrument laws and regulations;</span></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

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<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Anti-money
                                            laundering laws;</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Privacy
                                            and data security laws and regulations;</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Consumer
                                            protection laws and regulations;</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Unclaimed
                                            property laws; and</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Card
                                            association and network organization rules.</span></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
connection with the development of our money transmission services and the expansion of our network branded prepaid card offerings, we
have actively pursued our own money transmitter licenses. At July 31, 2024, we had received a money transmitter license in 48 of the
49 U.S. states that require such a license, as well as in Washington, D.C.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Regulation
of Other Businesses</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
operate other smaller or early-stage initiatives and operations, which may be subject to federal, state, local or foreign law and regulation.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">INTELLECTUAL
PROPERTY</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
own numerous patents, trademarks, domain names and other intellectual property rights necessary to conduct our business. We actively
pursue the filing and registration of patents, domain names, trademarks, and service marks to protect our intellectual property rights
within the United States and abroad; in particular our registered trademarks and brands: IDT&#174;, BOSS Revolution&#174;, BOSS Money&#174;,
net2phone&#174; and zendit&#174;. From time to time, we have also acquired or licensed intellectual property relating to present and future
business strategy. We believe that our technological position significantly depends on the technical experience, expertise, and creative
ability of our employees to maintain both our current businesses and pursue future business development. Our corporate policies require
all employees to assign intellectual property rights developed in the scope of, or in relation to our business to us, and to protect
all intellectual property and proprietary information and materials as confidential.<br/>
<br/>
Our global telecommunications switching and transmission infrastructure enables us to provide an array of telecommunications, internet
access and internet telephony services to our customers worldwide. We rely upon domestic and foreign patents, patent applications, and
other intellectual property rights, regarding our infrastructure and global telecommunication network for our international telecommunications
traffic and the international traffic of other telecommunications companies.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">EMPLOYEES
AND HUMAN CAPITAL RESOURCES</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Attracting
and retaining qualified personnel familiar with our businesses who head our different businesses units is critical to our success. As
of October 1, 2024, we had a total of 1,833 employees, of which 1,820 were full-time employees.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
human capital resources objectives include, as applicable, identifying, recruiting, retaining, incentivizing, and integrating our existing
and new employees, advisors and consultants. To accomplish that, our compensation practices are designed to attract and retain qualified
and motivated personnel and align their interests with our goals and with the best interests of our stockholders. Our compensation philosophy
is to provide compensation to attract the individuals necessary for our current needs and growth initiatives and provide them with the
proper incentives to motivate those individuals to achieve our long-term plans, which includes among other things, equity and cash incentive
plans that attract, retain and reward personnel through the granting of stock-based and cash-based compensation awards.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>



<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
believe that talent attraction and retention are critical to our ability to achieve our strategy and that a trained, diverse and inspired
workforce is integral to delivering our objectives. Our recruiting process reaches a wide array of potential employees, and we employ
a rigorous screening process to ensure that we identify and hire quality professionals.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
are committed to diversity and inclusion in the workforce including a policy of non-discriminatory treatment and respect of human rights
for all current and prospective employees. We do not permit discrimination based on an individual&#8217;s race, religion, creed, color,
sex, sexual orientation, age, marital status, disability, national origin or veteran&#8217;s status, which is illegal in many jurisdictions.
We respect the human rights of all employees and strive to treat them with dignity consistent with standards and practices recognized
by the international community.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="h_003"></span>Item
1A. Risk Factors.</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">RISK
FACTORS</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font: normal 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><i>Investing
in our Class B common stock involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the risks and uncertainties described below,
together with all of the other information in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, including the section titled &#8220;Management&#8217;s
Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations&#8221; and our consolidated financial statements and related
notes, before making a decision to invest in our Class B common stock. The risks and uncertainties described below may not be the only
ones we face. If any of the risks occur, our business, financial condition, operating results, cash flows and prospects could be materially
and adversely affected. In that event, the market price of our common stock could decline, and you could lose part or all of your investment.</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font: normal 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; background-color: white"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Risk
Factor Summary</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; background-color: white"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; background-color: white"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
business operations are subject to numerous risks and uncertainties, including those outside of our control, that could cause our business,
financial condition or operating results to be harmed, including, but not limited to, risks regarding the following:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; background-color: white"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Risks
Related to our Businesses and Operations</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">errors
                                            in our technology or technological issues outside our control;</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">cyberattacks
                                            impacting our networks or systems;</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">network
                                            disruptions, security breaches, or other significant disruptions or failures of our IT infrastructure
                                            and related systems or of those we operate for certain of our customers;</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the
                                            failure, or perceived failure, of one or more of our products;</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">our
                                            international operations subject us to geopolitical and other risks including ongoing developments
                                            in Belarus, Ukraine and Israel;</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">failures
                                            in our data center or services;</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">our
                                            dependence on industry standard protocols and third-party software, including but not limited
                                            to open-source software;</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">our
                                            dependence on a single supplier or small group of suppliers;</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">changes
                                            to rates by our suppliers and increasing regulatory charges or tariffs;</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">our
                                            customers, particularly our IDT Global customers, and partners could experience financial
                                            difficulties;</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">technologies
                                            could affect our ability to track the results of ads and/or could block ads online;</span></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Risks
Related to Our NRS Business</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">substantial
                                            and increasing competition in the POS industry and payment space;</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">a
                                            decline in advertising on the NRS platform due to macro-economic factors or otherwise;</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the
                                            ability of NRS to develop products and services to address the market for POS products and
                                            services;</span></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Risks
Related to Our BOSS Money Business</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">BOSS
                                            Money faces a complex and dynamic regulatory landscape;</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">BOSS
                                            Money depends on a licensed network of agents for its retail money remittance business;</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">adverse
                                            fluctuations in exchange rates can materially impact revenue and profitability;</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">money
                                            transfer services can be vulnerable to illegal activities and fraud schemes;</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">BOSS
                                            Money has less brand recognition in the money remittance space compared to larger players,
                                            which could make it harder to attract and retain customers;</span></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Risks
Related to Our net2phone Business</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">competition
                                            against established well-financed alternative voice communication providers, who may provide
                                            comparable services at comparable or lower pricing;</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the
                                            capacity, reliability, and performance of several third-party providers and their network
                                            infrastructure;</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">scaling
                                            the business efficiently or quickly enough to meet customers&#8217; growing needs;</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the
                                            integration of Integra&#8217;s CCaaS business;</span></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Risks
Related to Our Traditional Communications Segment</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">each
                                            of our BOSS Revolution and IDT Global businesses is highly sensitive to declining demand
                                            and prices;</span></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">obtaining
                                            sufficient or cost-effective termination capacity to particular destinations;</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the
                                            termination of our carrier agreements with partners or our inability to enter into carrier
                                            agreements in the future;</span></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Risks
Related to Our Financial Condition</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">we
                                            hold cash, cash equivalents, debt securities and equity investments that are subject to various
                                            market risks;</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">if
                                            we fail to maintain an effective system of internal control over financial reporting, we
                                            may not be able to accurately report our financial results;</span></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Intellectual
Property, Tax, Regulatory, and Litigation Risks (many of which are related to our Fintech segment, among others)</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">protecting
                                            our proprietary technology;</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">claims
                                            of infringement of intellectual property rights of others;</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">tax
                                            and regulatory audits;</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">legal
                                            proceedings;</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">our
                                            disbursement partners&#8217; and our payment processors&#8217; ability to comply with a wide
                                            range of laws and regulations intended to help detect and prevent illegal or illicit activity;</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">licensing
                                            and other requirements imposed by regulators and governments;</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">our
                                            collection, processing, storage, use, and transmission of personal data;</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">collection
                                            of sales and use, value added, or similar taxes;</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">certain
                                            imminent FCC Orders and rules that effect the telecommunications marketplace;</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">our
                                            ability to comply with requirements for debit card, credit card, and other digital payment
                                            methods;</span></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Risks
Related to Our Capital Structure</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">holders
                                            of our Class B common stock have significantly less voting power than holders of our Class
                                            A common stock; and</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Howard
                                            S. Jonas, our Chairman and Chairman of the Board, holds shares that, in the aggregate, represent
                                            more than a majority of the combined voting power of our outstanding capital stock.</span></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Risks
Related to Our Businesses and Operations</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Errors
in our technology or technological issues outside our control could cause delays or interruptions to our customers.</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
services can be disrupted by issues with our networks, platforms, technology, and systems, including malfunctions in our servers, processors,
software or facilities. In addition, there may be service interruptions for reasons outside of our control. Our customers and potential
customers subscribing to our services have experienced such interruptions in the past and may experience such interruptions in the future
as a result of these types of problems or others which may or may not be in our control. Such interruptions may cause us to lose customers
and/or offer customer credits, which could adversely affect our revenue and profitability. Network and telecommunication interruptions
may also impair our ability to sign-up new customers.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Cyberattacks
impacting our networks or systems could have an adverse effect on our business.</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Cyberattacks,
including through the use of malware, ransomware, computer viruses, denial of services attacks, credential harvesting, social engineering
and other means for obtaining unauthorized access to or disrupting the operation of our networks and systems and those of our suppliers,
vendors and other service providers, could have an adverse effect on our business. Cyberattacks may cause equipment failures, loss of
information (including sensitive personal information of customers or employees or valuable technical and marketing information), or
disruptions to our or our customers&#8217; operations. Furthermore, ransomware could potentially deny the use of our systems until a
ransom is paid. Cyberattacks against companies, including us, have increased in frequency, scope, and potential harm in recent years.
They may occur alone or in conjunction with physical attacks, especially where disruption of service is an objective of the attacker.
The development and maintenance of systems to prevent such attacks is costly and requires ongoing monitoring and updating to address
their increasing prevalence and sophistication. While, to date, we have not been subject to cyberattacks that, individually or in the
aggregate, have been material to our operations or financial condition, the preventive actions we take to reduce the risks associated
with cyberattacks, including protection of our systems and networks, may be insufficient to repel or mitigate the effects of a cyberattack
in the future.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i></i></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
inability to operate or use our networks and systems or those of our suppliers, vendors, and other service providers as a result of cyberattacks,
even for a limited period of time, may result in significant expenses to us and/or a loss of revenue and market share. The costs associated
with a major cyberattack on us could include expensive incentives offered to existing customers and business partners to retain their
business, increased expenditures on cybersecurity measures and the use of alternate resources, lost revenues from business interruption,
and litigation. Further, certain of our businesses, such as those offering cloud services to business customers, could be negatively
affected if our ability to protect our own networks and systems is called into question because of a cyberattack. In addition, a compromise
of security or a theft or other compromise of valuable information, such as financial data and sensitive or private personal information,
could result in lawsuits and government claims, investigations, or proceedings. Any of these occurrences could damage our reputation,
adversely impact customer and investor confidence and result in a material adverse effect on our results of operation or financial condition.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
could be harmed by network disruptions, security breaches, or other significant disruptions or failures of our IT infrastructure and
related systems or of those we operate for certain of our customers.</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">To
be successful, we need to continue to have available, for our and our customers&#8217; use, a high capacity, reliable and secure network.
We face the risk, as does any company, of a security breach, whether through cyberattack, malware, computer viruses, sabotage, or other
significant disruption of our IT infrastructure. As such, there is a risk of a security breach or disruption of the systems we operate,
including possible unauthorized access to our and our customers&#8217; proprietary or classified information. We are also subject to
breaches of our respective networks resulting in unauthorized utilization of our services or products, which subject us to the costs
of providing those products or services, which are likely not recoverable. The secure maintenance and transmission of our and our customers&#8217;
information is a critical element of our operations. Our information technology and other systems that maintain and transmit customer
information, or those of service providers or business partners, may be compromised by a malicious third-party penetration of our network
security, or that of a third-party service provider or business partner, or impacted by advertent or inadvertent actions or inactions
by our employees, or those of a third-party service provider or business partner. As a result, our or our customers&#8217; information
may be lost, disclosed, accessed, or taken without our or our customers&#8217; consent, or our product and service may be used without
payment.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Although
we make significant efforts to maintain the security and integrity of these types of information and systems, there can be no assurance
that our respective security efforts and measures will be effective or that attempted security breaches or disruptions would not be successful
or damaging, especially in light of the growing sophistication of cyberattacks and intrusions sponsored by state or other interests.
We may be unable to anticipate all potential types of attacks or intrusions or to implement adequate security barriers or other preventative
measures. Certain of our business units have been the subject of attempted and successful cyberattacks in the past. We have researched
these situations and do not believe any material internal, or customer information has been compromised.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Network
disruptions, security breaches and other significant failures of the above-described systems could (i) disrupt the proper functioning
of our networks and systems and therefore our operations or those of certain of our customers; (ii) result in the unauthorized use of
our services or products without payment; (iii) result in the unauthorized access to, and destruction, loss, theft, misappropriation
or release of proprietary, confidential, sensitive or otherwise valuable information of ours or our customers, including trade secrets,
which others could use to compete against us or for disruptive, destructive or otherwise harmful purposes and outcomes; and (iv) require
significant management attention or financial resources to remedy the damages that result or to change our systems and processes. We
could be subject to claims for contract breach, damages, credits, fines, penalties, termination, or other remedies from our customers,
and subject to additional scrutiny or litigation by regulators, as a result of network disruptions, security breaches and other significant
failures of the above-described systems, any or all of which could result in a loss of business, damage to our reputation among our customers
and the public generally and have a negative impact on our results of operations, financial condition, and cash flows.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">If
technology that drives one or more of our products fails, or is perceived to fail, or if there are technical defects, our reputation
could be harmed, our market share may decline, and we could be subject to various liability claims.</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
technology that drives and supports our products may contain undetected errors or defects that may result in failures or otherwise cause
our products to fail to perform in accordance with customer expectations and contractual obligations. Moreover, our customers could incorrectly
implement or inadvertently misuse our products, which could result in customer dissatisfaction and harm the perceived utility of our
products and our brand. Because our customers use our products for mission-critical aspects of their business, any real or perceived
errors or defects in, or other performance problems with, our products may damage our customers&#8217; businesses and could significantly
harm our reputation. If that occurs, we could lose future sales, or our existing customers could cancel our services, seek payment credits,
seek damages against us, or delay or withhold payment to us, which could result in service credits that reduce our revenues, an increase
in collection cycles for accounts receivable, an increase in our provision for uncollectible accounts, and ultimately harm our financial
results. Product performance problems could result in loss of market share, reputational harm, failure to achieve market acceptance and
the diversion of development resources.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
addition, since telecommunications billing and associated telecom taxes, and the related calculations and billing of telecom taxes, are
inherently complex and require highly sophisticated information systems to administer, our billing system may experience errors or we
may improperly operate the system, which could result in the system incorrectly calculating the fees owed by our customers or related
taxes and administrative fees. Customers also may make indemnification or warranty claims against us, which could result in significant
expense and risk of litigation.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Any
product liability, intellectual property, warranty, or other claims against us could damage our reputation and relationships with our
customers and could require us to spend significant time and money in litigation or pay significant settlements or damages. Although
we maintain general liability insurance, including coverage for errors and omissions, this coverage may not be sufficient to cover liabilities
resulting from such claims. Also, our insurers may disclaim coverage. Our liability insurance also may not continue to be available to
us on reasonable terms, in sufficient amounts, or at all. Any contract or product liability claims successfully brought against us would
harm our business.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Failure
in our data center or services could lead to significant costs and disruptions.</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">All
data centers, including ours, are subject to various points of failure. Problems with cooling equipment, generators, uninterruptible
power supply, routers, switches, or other equipment, whether or not within our control, could result in service interruptions for our
customers as well as equipment damage. Any failure or downtime could affect a significant percentage of our customers. The destruction
or severe impairment of our data center facilities could result in significant downtime of our services and the loss of customer data.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
ability to provide cloud-based communication services is dependent upon our physical and cloud-based infrastructure. While most of our
physical equipment required for providing these services is redundant in nature, certain types of failures or malfunctioning of critical
hardware/software equipment, including but not limited to fire, water or other physical damage may impact our ability to deliver continuous
service to our customers. Acts of God or terrorism or vandalism or negligence or gross negligence of person(s) currently or formerly
associated with us including failure to properly update and maintain infrastructure may result in loss of revenue, profitability, and
failure to retain and acquire new customers.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
ability to recover from disasters or failures, if and when they occur, is paramount to offering continued service to our existing customers.
We maintain telecommunications points of presence in Brazil, Canada, and Spain. These network footprints do not guarantee continued reliability
if a catastrophic event occurs. Despite implementation of network security measures, our servers may be vulnerable to computer viruses,
break-ins, and similar disruptions from unauthorized tampering with our computer systems including, but not limited to, denial of service
attacks. In addition, if there is a breach or alleged breach of security or privacy involving our services, including but not limited
to data loss, or if any third party undertakes illegal or harmful actions using our communications or e-commerce services, our business
and reputation could suffer substantial adverse publicity and impairment. We have experienced interruptions in service in the past. We
have taken and continue to take steps to improve our infrastructure to prevent service interruptions.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
addition to our physical infrastructure, we have a cloud infrastructure deployment with Amazon Web Services, or AWS, and Google Cloud
that supplements and extends our physical infrastructure. We utilize AWS&#8217; and Google Cloud&#8217;s high availability configurations
using multiple availability zones and, in some cases, we have services deployed in multiple AWS regions. However, we do not have cross
region redundancy, which means we cannot guarantee continued reliability if AWS or Google Cloud suffers a catastrophic event which disrupts
a region in which we have our services deployed. If there were a failure to respond quickly to problems, or such a catastrophic event
were to occur, our customers may experience service interruptions, and we may suffer customer losses.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
revenues and profits will suffer if our distributors and sales representatives fail to effectively market and distribute our products
and services.</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
rely on our distributors and representatives to market and distribute our BOSS products and services and NRS&#8217; POS terminals and
portfolio of services. We utilize a network of several hundred sub-distributors that sell our BOSS products and services to retail outlets
throughout most of the United States. NRS&#8217; POS terminal sales and marketing efforts are targeted, in part, to our nationwide network
of BOSS Revolution retailers. If our distributors or sales representatives fail to effectively market or distribute our products and
services, our ability to generate revenues and profits and grow our customer base for these products and services could be substantially
impaired.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
global operations subject us to geopolitical and other risks that may harm our results of operations and financial condition.</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
have developers, product development personnel, other employees and senior management in different countries, and some business activities
may be concentrated in one or more geographic areas. As a result, our ability to design, develop or sell products and services may be
affected by:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">geopolitical
                                            concerns, such as armed conflict and civil or military unrest, crime, political instability,
                                            and terrorist activity;</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">natural
                                            disasters and health concerns;</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">inefficient
                                            and limited infrastructure and disruptions, such as supply chain interruptions and large-scale
                                            outages or interruptions of service from utilities, transportation, or telecommunications
                                            providers;</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">restrictions
                                            on our operations by governments seeking to support local industries, nationalization of
                                            our operations, and restrictions on our ability to repatriate earnings;</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">differing
                                            employment practices and labor issues; and</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">local
                                            business and cultural factors that differ from our normal standards and practices, including
                                            business practices that we are prohibited from engaging in by the Foreign Corrupt Practices
                                            Act, or FCPA, and other anti-corruption laws and regulations.</span></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Legal
and regulatory requirements differ among jurisdictions worldwide. Violations of these laws and regulations could result in fines; criminal
sanctions against us, our officers, or our employees; prohibitions on the conduct of our business; and damage to our reputation. Although
we have policies, controls, and procedures designed to ensure compliance with these laws, our employees, contractors, or agents may violate
our policies.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
global operations subject us to additional risks which could have an adverse effect on our business, operating results, and financial
condition.</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
have attempted to control our operating expenses by utilizing lower-cost labor in foreign countries such as Belarus, Guatemala, Dominican
Republic and Israel and we may in the future expand our reliance on offshore labor to other countries. Our employees in Belarus and Israel
primarily help develop, test, and maintain certain of our technology. Our labor source in Guatemala and the Dominican Republic primarily
performs certain call center, administrative, and customer acquisition functions. We also have significant operations in Brazil, Uruguay,
and Argentina as a result of net2phone&#8217;s growth.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Countries
outside of the United States may be subject to relatively higher degrees of political and social instability and may lack the infrastructure
to withstand political unrest or natural disasters. The occurrence of natural disasters, pandemics such as COVID-19, or political or
economic instability in these countries could interfere with work performed by these labor sources or could result in our having to replace
or reduce these labor sources. If countries in which we operate experience civil or political unrest or acts of terrorism, especially
when such unrest leads to an unseating of the established government, our operations in such countries could be materially impaired.
Our vendors in other countries could potentially shut down suddenly for any reason, including financial problems or personnel issues.
Such disruptions could decrease efficiency, increase our costs, and have an adverse effect on our business or results of operations.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
practice of utilizing labor based in foreign countries has come under increased scrutiny in the United States. Governmental authorities
could seek to impose financial costs or restrictions on foreign companies providing services to customers or companies in the United
States. Governmental authorities may attempt to prohibit or otherwise discourage us from sourcing services from offshore labor.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
FCPA and other applicable anti-corruption laws and regulations prohibit certain types of payments by our employees, vendors, and agents.
Any violation of the applicable anti-corruption laws or regulations by us, our subsidiaries or our local agents could expose us to significant
penalties, fines, settlements, costs, and consent orders that may curtail or restrict our business as it is currently conducted and could
have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, or results of operations.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Weakness
of the United States dollar in relation to the currencies used in these foreign countries may also reduce the savings achievable through
this strategy and could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
research and development (&#8220;R&amp;D&#8221;) may be adversely affected by ongoing developments in Belarus and Ukraine.</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
have a significant number of R&amp;D personnel in Belarus. Belarus shares borders with both Russia and Ukraine. In February 2022, in
connection with escalating tensions involving Russia and Ukraine, Russian military personnel stationed in Belarus were part of an invasion
force by Russian forces into Ukraine. In response to the support and facilitation by Belarus for the invasion, the United States, the
European Union, or EU, and various other nations imposed sanctions against multiple individuals and entities in Belarus. Other potential
retaliatory measures could be taken by the United States and other countries, particularly if Belarus were to take a more active role
in the conflict. While we continue to monitor the situation in Belarus closely, any prolonged or expanded unrest, military activities,
or sanctions could have an adverse effect on our future product roadmap and R&amp;D. We cannot predict whether additional sanctions or
other measures will be imposed, or the nature of severity of those measures, and whether they will directly or indirectly impact our
R&amp;D in Belarus or elsewhere.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Further,
our Belarussian R&amp;D personnel could be impacted by retaliatory actions taken by third parties related to actual or perceived Belarussian
actions in support of the invasion, including cyberattacks.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Should
the military conflict expand to Belarus, our operations there could likely be impacted, including due to availability of personnel, electrical
outages, cyberattacks, and actual battles in areas where we have personnel.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Any
of the foregoing could have an adverse impact on our ability to research and develop new technology, including corrections or enhancements
of existing platforms supporting our current products and services or development of new or complementary offerings.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Global
and regional economic conditions could materially adversely affect our business, results of operations, financial condition, and growth.</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
have international operations with revenues outside the United States representing a significant amount of our total revenues. As a result,
our operations and performance depend significantly on global and regional economic conditions. Adverse macroeconomic conditions, including
inflation, slower growth, or recession, new or increased tariffs and other barriers to trade, changes to fiscal and monetary policy,
tighter credit, higher interest rates, high unemployment, and currency fluctuations could materially adversely affect demand for our
products and services. In addition, consumer confidence and spending could be adversely affected in response to financial market volatility,
negative financial news, conditions in the real estate and mortgage markets, declines in income or asset values, changes to fuel and
other energy costs, labor and healthcare costs, and other economic factors.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
financial performance is subject to risks associated with changes in the value of the U.S. dollar relative to other currencies.</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
primary exposure to movements in foreign currency exchange rates relates to non&#8211;U.S. dollar&#8211;denominated revenues and operating
expenses. The strengthening of foreign currencies may increase our costs denominated in those currencies, thus adversely affecting our
earnings. The weakening of foreign currencies relative to the U.S. dollar adversely affects the U.S. dollar value of our foreign currency&#8211;denominated
revenues and earnings and could lead us to raise international pricing, potentially reducing demand for our products and services. In
some circumstances, for competitive or other reasons, we may decide not to raise international pricing to offset the U.S. dollar&#8217;s
strengthening, which would adversely affect the U.S. dollar value of our foreign currency&#8211;denominated revenue and earnings.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
depend upon industry standard protocols and third-party software, including but not limited to open-source software.</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
rely on non-proprietary third-party software, some of which may be open source. We may be subject to additional royalties, license or
trademark infringement costs or other unknown costs when one or more of these third-party technologies are affected or need to be replaced
due to end-of-support or end-of-sale of such third parties.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Certain
functions related to our business depend on a single supplier or small group of suppliers to carry out our business, and the inability
to do business with some or all of these suppliers could have a materially adverse effect on our business and financial results.</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">If
the services of any of the single suppliers or small group of suppliers, including, without limitation, software from third-party service
providers used in certain of our products and services, that we depend on were unavailable, or available only in decreased capacity or
at less advantageous terms, this could result in interruptions to our ability to provide certain services, could cause reduction in service
and/or quality as the function is transitioned to an alternate provider, if an alternate provider is available, or could increase our
cost, which in the current competitive environment, we may not be able to pass along to customers. Accordingly, any of these events could
materially and negatively impact our business, our revenues, our profits, and our relationships with customers.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
success depends in part upon our ability to provide customer service that effectively supports the needs of our customers.</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Providing
customer service effectively requires that our customer support personnel have industry-specific technical knowledge and expertise. Our
support personnel require extensive training on our products and services, which may make it difficult to scale up our support operations
rapidly or effectively. The importance of high-quality customer support will increase as we expand our business and pursue new customers.
If we do not help our customers quickly resolve post-implementation issues and provide effective ongoing support, our ability to sell
additional features and services to existing customers will suffer and our reputation may be harmed.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Changes
to rates by our suppliers and increasing regulatory charges or tariffs may require us to raise prices, which could impact results.</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
upstream carriers, suppliers and vendors may increase their prices thus directly impacting our direct cost of revenues, which would affect
our earnings. Future changes in tariffs by regulatory agencies or application of tariff requirements to currently un-tariffed products
or services could affect the price and sales of our products for a certain set of customers. Changes in our underlying direct costs of
revenues may cause us to increase the rates we charge our customers, which could make us less competitive and impact our sales and retention
of existing customers.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
customers, particularly our IDT Global customers, could experience financial difficulties, which could adversely affect our revenues
and profitability if we experience difficulties in collecting our receivables.</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
a provider of international long-distance services, we depend upon sales of transmission and termination of traffic to other long-distance
providers and the collection of receivables from these customers. The wholesale telecommunications market continues to feature many smaller,
less financially stable companies. If weakness in the telecommunications industry or the global economy reduces our ability to collect
our accounts receivable from our major customers, particularly our wholesale customers, our profitability may be substantially reduced.
While our most significant customers, from a revenue perspective, vary from quarter to quarter, our five largest IDT Global customers
collectively accounted for 4.0% and 4.7% of our total revenues in fiscal 2024 and fiscal 2023, respectively. Our IDT Global customers
with the five largest receivables balances collectively accounted for 9.4% and 1.6% of our total gross trade accounts receivable on July
31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. This concentration of revenues and receivables increases our exposure to non-payment by our larger customers,
and we may experience significant write-offs if any of our large customers fail to pay their outstanding balances, which could adversely
affect our cash flow and profitability.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
rely on highly skilled personnel and, if we are unable to retain or motivate key personnel, hire qualified personnel, or maintain our
corporate culture, we may not be able to grow effectively.</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
believe that our corporate culture fosters innovation, creativity, and teamwork. Our performance largely depends on the talents and efforts
of highly skilled individuals. Our future success depends on our continuing ability to identify, hire, develop, motivate, and retain
highly skilled personnel for all areas of our organization, in particular our technology and software engineering organization. Competition
for qualified technology and engineering employees is intense and our compensation arrangements may not always be successful in attracting
new employees and retaining and motivating our existing employees. Our continued ability to compete effectively depends on our ability
to attract new employees and to retain and motivate our existing employees.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">New
and existing technologies could affect our ability to track the results of ads and/or could block ads online, which would harm our business.</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">A
significant portion of our revenues are derived from customers acquired in connection with the display of advertisements online. Technologies
have been developed to make tracking the results of our online advertisements more difficult or to block the display of advertisements
altogether and some providers of online services have integrated technologies that could potentially impair the core functionality of
third-party digital advertising. As a result, such technologies and tools could adversely affect our operating results.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Risks
Related to Our NRS Business</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Substantial
and increasingly intense competition in the POS industry may harm NRS&#8217; business.</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">NRS
competes in the POS market that is characterized by vigorous competition, changing technology, evolving industry standards, changing
customer needs, and frequent introductions of new products and services. We expect competition to intensify in the future as existing
and new competitors introduce new services or enhance existing services. NRS competes against many companies to attract customers, and
some of these companies have greater financial resources and substantially larger bases of customers than NRS does, which may provide
them with significant competitive advantages. These companies may devote greater resources to the development, promotion, and sale of
products and services, may achieve economies of scale due to the size of their customer bases, and may more effectively introduce their
own innovative products and services that adversely impacts NRS&#8217; growth. If some or all of NRS&#8217; competitors focus additional
resources on NRS&#8217; target markets, NRS&#8217; growth may slow, or we may lose customers due to the competition.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">NRS
may also face pricing pressures from competitors, which may result in the need for NRS to alter the pricing that it offers and could
reduce our profitability.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">If
NRS fails to increase advertising on its platform, our business could be adversely affected.</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">NRS&#8217;
strategy includes increasing its revenues from brand advertising. Brands may not do business with NRS or may reduce the amounts they
are willing to spend to advertise if NRS does not deliver ads, and other commercial content and marketing programs in an effective manner,
or if they do not believe that their investment in advertising with NRS will generate a competitive return relative to other alternatives.
NRS&#8217; ability to increase the number of brands that use its brand advertising, and ultimately to generate advertising and marketing
services revenues, depends on a number of factors, many of which are outside of our control. If NRS fails to increase advertising on
its platform, our business could be adversely affected.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
long-term success of NRS depends on its ability to develop products and services to address the rapidly evolving market for POS products
and services, and, if it is not able to implement successful enhancements and new features for its products and services, our business
could be materially and adversely affected.</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">NRS&#8217;
success will depend, in part, on its ability to develop new technologies and to adapt to technological changes and evolving industry
standards. New services and technologies may be superior to, impair, or render obsolete the POS products and services that NRS currently
offers or the technologies NRS currently uses to provide them. Incorporating new technologies into NRS&#8217; POS products and services
may require substantial expenditures and take considerable time, and NRS may not be successful in realizing a return on these development
efforts in a timely manner or at all. NRS&#8217; ability to develop new products and services may be inhibited by industry-wide standards,
existing and future laws and regulations, resistance to change from its customers, or third parties&#8217; intellectual property rights.
If NRS is unable to provide enhancements and new features for its products and services or to develop new products and services that
achieve market acceptance or that keep pace with rapid technological developments and evolving industry standards, our business would
be materially and adversely affected.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Risks
Related to Our BOSS Money Business</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><i>BOSS Money and its retailers&#160;face
a complex and dynamic regulatory landscape; changes in laws and regulations can impact business operations, and non-compliance or failure
to comply with laws can result in hefty fines, penalties, operational restrictions and reputational damage.</i></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">BOSS Money&#160;and its retailers face
a complex and dynamic regulatory landscape related to anti-money laundering (AML), know your customer (KYC), consumer protection laws
and data privacy. Changes in laws and regulations can impact business operations, and non-compliance or failure to comply with laws can
result in hefty fines, penalties, operational restrictions and reputational damage.&#160; For example, certain banks, in an effort to
comply with increasingly more challenging regulations, have gradually imposed stricter restrictions and limitations on money remittance
retailers making deposits to bank accounts. This can negatively affect the business of the BOSS Money retailers and, at times, disincentivize
retailers from growing their BOSS Money business.&#160; &#160;As governments and regulatory bodies place increasing emphasis on anti-money
laundering, data privacy, consumer protection and financial transparency, BOSS Money&#160;and its retailers&#160;may face rising costs
to ensure compliance with, among others, customer due diligence, transaction monitoring, and consumer data privacy protection and reporting,&#160;which
can negatively affect, among other things, the ability of BOSS Money to maintain and grow its retailer network.</p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>BOSS
Money depends on a licensed network of agents for its retail money remittance business.</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">BOSS
Money depends on a licensed network of agents for its retail money remittance business. Maintaining good relationships with agents, ensuring
their compliance, and managing risks associated with their actions is critical but costly. Agents may not always act in BOSS Money&#8217;s
best interest, engaging in fraudulent activities, regulatory violations, or causing reputational damage. In addition, agents could affect
BOSS Money&#8217;s revenue and profitability due to non-payment of remittances collected or termination of the relationship.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font: normal 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><i>BOSS
Money has financial and business exposure to fluctuations in the foreign exchange markets.</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font: normal 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">BOSS
Money&#8217;s international remittance business is subject to adverse fluctuations in U.S. dollar exchange rates, resulting from devaluation
or appreciation of currencies, exchange rate volatility, or currency restrictions, which can materially impact revenue and profitability.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>BOSS
Money can be vulnerable to illegal activities and fraud schemes</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font: normal 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">BOSS
</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Money&#8217;s transfer services can be vulnerable to
illegal activities and fraud schemes such as identity theft, account takeover, money laundering, and terrorist financing. Failure to
detect and mitigate these risks could lead to regulatory penalties, reputational harm and significantly and adversely affect revenues
and profitability.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>BOSS
Money&#8217;s rapid growth can strain resources and internal controls which could potentially lead to, among other things, operational
inefficiencies, increased costs and reduced profitability.</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">BOSS
Money is experiencing rapid growth, which can strain resources and internal controls, carrying inherent risks and uncertainties when
scaling operations or entering new markets, potentially leading to operational inefficiencies, increased costs and reduced profitability.
BOSS Money&#8217;s growth depends on acquiring and retaining customers in a competitive market. BOSS Money invests significantly in marketing
to grow its customer base. Rising costs of customer acquisition, especially in competitive markets, could adversely affect profitability.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>The
rapid evolution of payment technologies and shifts in consumer preferences along with adoption of new technologies could disrupt the
money transfer industry.</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
rapid evolution of payment technologies and shifts in consumer preferences along with adoption of new technologies such as mobile wallets,
real-time payment systems and blockchain could disrupt the money transfer industry and require significant investments to stay competitive.
Failure to innovate, adopt new technologies, or keep pace with industry advancements can potentially lead to market share and revenue
declines. In addition, the inability to adapt to changing customer needs could significantly and negatively impact business growth.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Disruptions
in mobile networks or changes in consumer preferences for mobile devices could impact our business.</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">BOSS
Money relies heavily on mobile technology. Any disruptions in mobile networks or changes in consumer preferences for mobile devices could
adversely impact our business. <span style="font-weight: normal">The BOSS Money and BOSS Revolution </span>mobile apps are distributed
through Apple&#8217;s App Store and Google Play app store. Changes in app store policies or restrictions could negatively impact our
ability to reach customers. BOSS Money&#8217;s direct to consumer channel relies on the performance and uptime of its digital platform
which means that failures in technology or software could impact transaction flow, customer satisfaction and ultimately revenues.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>BOSS
Money has less brand recognition than many of its competitors in the money remittance space which could make it harder to attract and
retain customers.</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Compared
to its larger competitors such as Western Union, Moneygram, Ria, Intermex and Remitly, BOSS Money has less brand recognition in the money
remittance space which could make it harder to attract and retain customers. BOSS Money leverages the brand value and trust built by
BOSS Revolution. The remittance industry is highly sensitive to consumer trust. As such, negative publicity, such as being associated
with poor service, fraud or money laundering, could significantly and negatively harm BOSS Money&#8217;s reputation leading to a loss
of customers and revenue.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; background-color: white"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>BOSS
Money relies on partnerships with global banks and payout agents to process transactions in its receiving markets.</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; background-color: white"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; background-color: white"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">BOSS
Money relies on partnerships with global banks and payout agents to process transactions in its receiving markets. If these partners
face operational, financial, or regulatory issues, it could severely and negatively impact the company&#8217;s ability to conduct business.
BOSS Money&#8217;s success depends, in part, on reliable access to international banking systems and payment infrastructure. Disruptions
in these systems due to political or economic issues, or regulatory changes, could severely and negatively impact the company&#8217;s
ability to provide services.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Risks
Related to Our net2phone Business</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">net2phone&#8217;s
VoIP or cloud-based communications service competes against established well financed alternative voice communication providers who may
provide comparable services at comparable or lower pricing or deploy new services that net2phone is unable to offer.</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Pricing
in the telecommunications industry is very fluid and competitive. Price is often a substantial motivating factor in a customer&#8217;s
decision to switch to net2phone&#8217;s cloud-based communications products and services. net2phone&#8217;s competitors may reduce their
rates, which may require it to reduce its rates, which would affect our revenues and profitability, or otherwise make our pricing non-competitive.
net2phone may be at a disadvantage compared with those competitors who have substantially greater resources than us or may otherwise
be better positioned to withstand an extended period of downward pricing pressure.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Many
of net2phone&#8217;s current and potential competitors have longer operating histories, significantly greater resources and brand awareness,
and a larger base of customers than net2phone has. As a result, these competitors may have greater credibility with net2phone&#8217;s
existing and potential customers. net2phone&#8217;s competitors may also offer bundled service arrangements that present a more differentiated
or better integrated product to customers. Certain of net2phone&#8217;s competitors that have more significant R&amp;D capabilities may
develop or deploy new value-added services that net2phone is unable to offer. Announcements, or expectations, as to the introduction
of new products and technologies by net2phone&#8217;s competitors or net2phone could cause customers to defer purchases of net2phone&#8217;s
existing products, which also could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, or operating results.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">net2phone
depends in part upon the capacity, reliability, and performance of several third-party providers and their network infrastructure, the
failure of which could cause delays or interruptions of net2phone&#8217;s service and impact our revenue and profitability.</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">net2phone
depends on several third-party providers to provide service to maintain its operations. net2phone does not have control over these providers,
and some of these providers are also its competitors. net2phone may be subject to interruptions or delays in their service and its reputation
and business may be harmed. The failure of any of these third party service providers to properly maintain services may result in negative
consequences to net2phone, including but not limited to: (i) a loss of customers, (ii) adverse impact on its reputation, (iii) negative
publicity, (iv) negative impact on its ability to acquire customers, (v) negative impact on its revenue and profitability, (vi) potential
law suits for not reaching emergency E-911 services, and (vii) potential law suits for loss of business and loss of reputation.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Internet
Bandwidth Providers.</i> net2phone&#8217;s cloud-based communications service requires its customers to have an operative broadband Internet
connection and an electrical power supply, which are provided by the customer&#8217;s broadband Internet service provider and electric
utility company and not by net2phone. The quality of some broadband Internet connections may be too poor for customers to use net2phone&#8217;s
services properly. In addition, if there is any interruption to a customer&#8217;s broadband Internet service or electrical power supply,
that customer will be unable to make or receive calls, including emergency calls, using net2phone&#8217;s service. In addition, Internet
backbone providers may be able to block, degrade or charge for access to, or the bandwidth use of certain of net2phone&#8217;s products
and services which could have a negative effect on its services and could lead to additional expenses and the loss of users. Further,
customers who access net2phone&#8217;s mobile application (or future applications) through their smartphones must have a high-speed connection
to use its services. This access is provided by companies that have significant and increasing market power in the broadband and Internet
access marketplace and some of these providers offer products and services that directly compete with net2phone&#8217;s offerings, which
give them a significant competitive advantage.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Tier
1 and non-Tier 1 Telecom suppliers for Telecom Origination and Termination Services.</i> net2phone depends on these companies to provide
telecom services, sourcing of DID, porting of numbers, and delivering telephone calls from and to endpoints and devices on our network.
If net2phone fails to maintain reliable connectivity or performance with its upstream carriers it could significantly reduce customer
demand for its services and damage its business.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>E-911
and other emergency service providers</i>. net2phone maintains an agreement with an E-911 provider to assist it in routing and terminating
emergency calls directly to an emergency service dispatcher at the public-safety answering point, or PSAP, in the area of the customer&#8217;s
registered location. net2phone also contract with a provider for the national call center that operates 24 hours a day, seven days a
week to receive certain emergency calls and with several companies that maintain PSAP databases for the purpose of deploying and operating
E-911 services. The dispatcher will have automatic access to the customer&#8217;s telephone number and registered location information.
If a customer moves their service to a new location, the customer&#8217;s registered location information must be updated and verified
by the customer. Until that takes place, the customer will have to verbally advise the emergency dispatcher of his or her actual location
at the time of an E-911 call. This can lead to delays in the delivery of emergency services. Interruptions in service from these vendors
could also cause failures in net2phone&#8217;s customers&#8217; access to E-911 services and expose it to liability.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Local
number portability providers.</i> net2phone has agreements with companies that initiate its local number portability, which allows new
customers to retain their existing telephone numbers when subscribing to its services. net2phone needs to work with these companies to
properly port numbers. The failure to port numbers may cause net2phone to lose customers.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">net2phone
faces risks from the outsourcing of the manufacturing of its desktop telephones (&#8220;desktop devices&#8221;).</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">net2phone
primarily sells Polycom, Yealink and Grandstream-branded desktop devices, although, it supports other third-party devices as well. These
desktop devices are being manufactured by vendors in China. Recent supply-chain challenges in China and global ramifications of supply-chain
difficulties, the U.S. trade war with China, including trade protection measures such as tariffs, and the effects of any new wave of
COVID-19 infections or another pandemic may cause disruptions in obtaining its desktop devices. This may increase pricing, slow delivery
times or may force net2phone to find another third-party manufacturer of its branded desktop devices.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">net2phone
targets sales to small, mid-market and enterprise customers. Not properly managing these customers could negatively affect our business,
cash flow and operations.</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">A
substantial percentage of net2phone&#8217;s revenues comes from small and medium-sized businesses. These customers may be more adversely
affected by economic downturns than larger, more established businesses. The majority of net2phone&#8217;s customers pay for subscriptions
with credit cards. Weakness in certain segments of the credit markets in the U.S. and global economies may result in increased numbers
of rejected credit and debit card payments, which could negatively affect net2phone&#8217;s business. If small and medium-sized businesses
experience financial hardship because of a weakening economy, industry consolidation, or any other reason, the overall demand for net2phone&#8217;s
products and services could be materially and adversely affected.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Selling
to larger enterprise customers also contains inherent risks and uncertainties. The loss of a key customer or the failure of some of them
to renew or to continue to recommend net2phone&#8217;s products may have a material negative impact on its results. net2phone has a limited
history of selling its services to larger businesses and may experience challenges in configuring and providing ongoing support for the
products it sells to large customers. Larger customers&#8217; networks are often more complex than those of smaller customers, and the
configuration of services for these customers usually requires customer assistance. There is no guarantee that the customer will make
available to net2phone the necessary personnel and other resources for a successful configuration of services. Lack of assistance from
the customers or lack of local resources may prevent net2phone from properly configuring its services for these customers, which can
in turn adversely impact the quality of services that it delivers over its customers&#8217; networks, and/or may result in delays in
the implementation of its services and impact the quality and ability to continue to provide the services. This could also create a public
perception that net2phone is unable to deliver high quality service to its customers, which could harm its reputation. In addition to
the foregoing, larger customers tend to require higher levels of customer service and individual attention, which may increase net2phone&#8217;s
costs for implementing and delivering services.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">If
net2phone&#8217;s existing customers terminate their subscriptions or reduce their subscriptions and related usage, its revenues and
earnings will be harmed, and we will be required to spend more money to grow net2phone&#8217;s customer base.</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">net2phone
expects to continue to derive a significant portion of its revenues from existing customers. As a result, retaining its existing customers
is critical to its future operating results. net2phone offers monthly, annual and multiple-year contracts to its customers, generally
with 30 days&#8217; notice required for reductions in the number of seats. Increases in the number of seats can be provisioned almost
immediately.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Subscriptions
and related usage by existing customers may decrease if:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; width: 0.25in"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">customers
                                            are not satisfied with the services, prices or the functionality of net2phone&#8217;s products;</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; width: 0.25in"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the
                                            stability, performance or security of net2phone&#8217;s products are not satisfactory;</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; width: 0.25in"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the
                                            U.S. or global economy declines;</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; width: 0.25in"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">net2phone&#8217;s
                                            customers&#8217; business or demand for net2phone&#8217;s services declines due to industry
                                            cycles, seasonality, business difficulties or other reasons;</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; width: 0.25in"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">customers
                                            favor products offered by other providers, particularly as competition continues to increase;</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; width: 0.25in"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">alternative
                                            technologies, products or features emerge or gain popularity that net2phone does not provide;</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; width: 0.25in"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">net2phone&#8217;s
                                            customers or potential customers experience financial difficulties; or</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; width: 0.25in"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">fewer
                                            customers purchase services from net2phone.</span></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">If
net2phone&#8217;s existing customers&#8217; subscriptions and related usage decrease or are terminated, net2phone will need to spend
more money to acquire new customers and still may not be able to maintain its existing level of revenues. net2phone incurs significant
costs and expenses, including sales and marketing expenses, to acquire new customers, and those costs and expenses are an important factor
in determining our profitability. There can be no assurance that net2phone&#8217;s efforts to acquire new customers will be successful.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">net2phone
must acquire new customers on an ongoing basis to maintain and increase its customers and revenues while the significant costs to acquire
new customers may hinder profitability.</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">net2phone
will have to acquire new customers to increase revenues. net2phone incurs significant costs to acquire new customers, and those costs
are an important factor in determining our profitability. Therefore, if net2phone is unsuccessful in retaining customers or is required
to spend significant amounts to acquire new customers, its revenue and or profits would decrease, which would negatively affect profitability.
Sales and marketing expenditures are an ongoing requirement of net2phone&#8217;s business as it strives to acquire more new customers.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">net2phone&#8217;s
customer churn rate may increase in future periods, which may adversely impact its revenue or require it to spend more money to grow
its customer base.</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">net2phone&#8217;s
customers generally have initial service periods of between two and three years and may discontinue their subscriptions for services
after the expiration of their initial subscription period. In addition, net2phone&#8217;s customers may renew for lower subscription
amounts or for shorter contract lengths. net2phone may not accurately predict cancellation rates for its customers. net2phone&#8217;s
cancellation rates may increase or fluctuate because of several factors, including customer needs, pricing changes, number of applications
used by its customers, customer satisfaction with its service, the acquisition of net2phone&#8217;s customers by other companies, and
deteriorating general economic conditions. If net2phone&#8217;s customers do not renew their subscriptions for its service or decrease
the amount they spend with net2phone, its revenue will decline, and our business will suffer.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">net2phone
may not be able to scale its business efficiently or quickly enough to meet its customers&#8217; growing needs, in which case our operating
results could be harmed.</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
usage of net2phone&#8217;s cloud-based communications services by mid-market and larger distributed enterprises expands and as customers
continue to integrate its services across their enterprises, net2phone is required to devote additional resources to improving its application
architecture, integrating net2phone&#8217;s products and applications across our technology platform as well as expanding integration
and performance. net2phone will need to appropriately scale its internal business systems and services organization, including its onboarding
and customer support services to serve a growing customer base. Any failure of or delay in these efforts could impair net2phone&#8217;s
systems&#8217; performance and reduce customer satisfaction, which could result in decreased sales to new customers and lower renewal
rates by existing customers and eventually hurt net2phone&#8217;s revenue growth and its reputation. We cannot guarantee that the expansion
and improvements to our infrastructure and systems will be fully or effectively implemented on a timely basis, if at all, which failure
may reduce our revenue and earnings and adversely impact our financial results.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">net2phone
may not realize the anticipated benefits of its acquisition of Integra&#8217;s CCaaS business.</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On
March 3, 2022, net2phone purchased all of the outstanding shares of Onwaba S.R.L. and Gem S.R.L. Onwaba S.R.L. and Gem S.R.L. are located
in Uruguay and used the trade name Integra, which we have rebranded as Ucontact. Ucontact provides cloud-based CCaaS in the Americas
and Europe.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
success of the acquisition of Ucontact will depend, in part, on net2phone&#8217;s ability to provide its customers and channel partners
with a robust stand-alone contact center solution or an intelligently integrated UCaaS and CCaaS solution. The target market for the
Ucontact CCaaS solution is two-fold: (i) businesses and other entities with embedded service and support centers; and (ii) contact centers
/ BPO providers. Consistent with businesses across the globe that have been moving their on-premise phone systems to the cloud, these
service and support centers and contact centers are migrating in a similar fashion, propelled by the growing hybrid and remote work environments.
The Ucontact CCaaS platform is layered with a development surface which allows for custom deployments and sophisticated work force management,
where the solution is tailored to the center&#8217;s work-flow requirements. This customization will provide for an additional layer
of stickiness, which is expected to translate into longer term service periods with the end user. For this reason, we also expect to
see increased stickiness with our current and future UCaaS customers that bundle CCaaS into their product suite. We also expect this
solution set to open for us a whole new segment of channel partners that specifically target CCaaS audiences. Our capacity to realize
these anticipated benefits is subject to certain risks, including, among others, our ability to successfully integrate the CCaaS business,
and the risk that the CCaaS business will not perform as expected.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">If
we are not able to successfully integrate Integra&#8217;s CCaaS business within the anticipated time frame, or at all, the anticipated
synergies, operational efficiencies and other benefits of the acquisition may not be realized fully or may take longer to realize than
expected, and we may not perform as expected.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Integrating
Integra&#8217;s CCaaS business may be more difficult, time-consuming or costly than expected.</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">There
can be no assurances that Integra&#8217;s CCaaS business, which we rebranded as Ucontact, can be integrated successfully. It is possible
that the integration process could result in the loss of key employees, the disruption of net2phone&#8217;s ongoing UCaaS business or
unexpected integration issues, such as higher than expected integration costs and an overall post-completion integration process that
takes longer than originally anticipated. Specifically, issues that must be addressed in integrating the operations of Ucontact in order
to realize the anticipated benefits of the acquisition, so net2phone performs as expected include, among others:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">integrating
                                            the companies&#8217; technologies, products and services;</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">harmonizing
                                            the companies&#8217; operating practices, employee development, compensation and benefit
                                            programs, internal controls and other policies, procedures and processes;</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">attracting
                                            and recruiting prospective employees;</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">maintaining
                                            existing agreements with customers and vendors and avoiding delays in entering into new agreements
                                            with prospective customers and vendors; and</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">coordinating
                                            and servicing geographically dispersed organizations.</span></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Risks
Related to Our Traditional Communications Segment</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Each
of our BOSS Revolution and IDT Global businesses is highly sensitive to declining prices, which may adversely affect our revenues and
profitability.</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
worldwide telecommunications industry is characterized by intense price competition, which has resulted in declines in both our average
per-minute price realizations and our average per-minute termination costs. Many of our competitors continue to aggressively price their
services or offer them for free. The intense competition has led to continued erosion in our pricing power, in both our retail and wholesale
markets, and we have generally had to pass along all or some of the savings we achieve on our per-minute costs to our customers in the
form of lower prices. In the case of some international calling locations, indirect competitors, such as wireless carriers, may include
calls to those locations at no extra cost, which increases our risk of losing customers. Any price increase by either our BOSS Revolution
or IDT Global business may result in our prices becoming less attractive to customers, which may result in a reduction of revenue. If
these trends in pricing continue or accelerate, it could have a material adverse effect on the revenues generated by our BOSS Revolution
and IDT Global businesses and/or our profitability.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
may not be able to obtain sufficient or cost-effective termination capacity to particular destinations, which could adversely affect
our revenues and profits.</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Most
of our telecommunications&#8217; traffic is terminated through third-party providers. In order to support our minutes of use demands
and geographic footprint, we may need to obtain additional termination capacity or destinations. We may not be able to obtain sufficient
termination capacity from high-quality carriers to particular destinations or may have to pay significant amounts to obtain such capacity.
This could result in our not being able to support our minutes of use demands or in higher cost-per-minute to particular destinations,
which could adversely affect our revenues and profits.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
termination of our carrier agreements with partners or our inability to enter into carrier agreements in the future could materially
and adversely affect our ability to compete, which could reduce our revenues and profits.</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
rely upon our carrier agreements with partners to provide our telecommunications services to our customers. These carrier agreements
are for finite terms and, therefore, there can be no guarantee that these agreements will be renewed at all or on favorable terms to
us. Our ability to compete would be adversely affected if our carrier agreements were terminated or we were unable to enter into carrier
agreements in the future to provide our telecommunications services to our customers, which could result in a reduction of our revenues
and profits.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Risk
Related to Our Financial Condition</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
hold cash, cash equivalents, debt securities and equity investments that are subject to various market risks.</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">At
July 31, 2024, we had cash, cash equivalents, debt securities, and current equity investments of $193.0 million. Debt securities and
equity investments carry a degree of risk, as there can be no assurance that we can redeem them at any time and that our investment managers
will be able to accurately predict the course of price movements and, in general, the securities markets have in recent years been characterized
by great volatility and unpredictability. As a result of these different market risks, our holdings of cash, cash equivalents, debt securities,
and equity investments could be materially and adversely affected.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">If
we fail to maintain an effective system of internal control over financial reporting, we may not be able to accurately report our financial
results, and current and potential stockholders may lose confidence in our financial reporting which could have a negative effect on
the trading price of our stock.</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
are required by the Securities and Exchange Commission to establish and maintain adequate internal control over financial reporting that
provides reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of our financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements in accordance
with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. We are likewise required, on a quarterly basis, to evaluate the effectiveness
of our internal controls and to disclose any changes and material weaknesses in those internal controls. A material weakness is a deficiency,
or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material
misstatement of the company&#8217;s annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
cannot be certain that we will continue to maintain an effective system of internal control over our financial reporting in future periods.
Any failure to maintain such internal controls could adversely impact our ability to report our financial results on a timely and accurate
basis. If our financial statements are not accurate, investors may not have a complete understanding of our operations. Likewise, if
our financial statements are not filed on a timely basis as required by the Securities and Exchange Commission and The New York Stock
Exchange, we could face severe consequences from those authorities. In either case, there could be a material adverse effect on our business.
Inferior internal controls could also cause investors to lose confidence in our reported financial information, which could have a negative
effect on the trading price of our stock.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Intellectual
Property, Tax, Regulatory, and Litigation Risks</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
provide communications and payment services to consumers and are therefore subject to various federal and state laws and regulations.</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
a provider of communications and payment services to consumers, such as BOSS Revolution and BOSS Money, we are subject to various federal
and state laws and regulations relating to the manner in which we advertise our services, describe and present the terms of our services,
and communicate with our customers and consumers in general. Compliance with these laws requires us to be constantly vigilant as they
often vary from state to state. Failure to comply with these laws could result in action being taken by federal and state agencies or
offices responsible for consumer protection, like the Federal Trade Commission, or FTC, which could have a material adverse effect on
our results of operations, financial condition, revenues, and profits.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
may be adversely affected if we fail to protect our proprietary technology.</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
depend on proprietary technology and other intellectual property rights in conducting our various business operations. We rely on a combination
of patents, copyrights, trademarks and trade secret protection, and contractual rights to establish and protect our proprietary rights.
Circumstances outside our control could pose a threat to our intellectual property rights. For example, effective intellectual property
protection may not be available in every country in which our products and services are distributed. Also, the efforts we have taken
to protect our proprietary rights may not be sufficient or effective enough. Any significant impairment of our intellectual property
rights could harm our business or our ability to compete. Also, protecting our intellectual property rights is costly and time consuming.
Any increase in the unauthorized use of our intellectual property could make it more expensive to do business and harm our operating
results. Failure of our patents, copyrights, trademarks, and trade secret protection, non-disclosure agreements and other measures to
provide protection of our technology and our intellectual property rights could enable our competitors to compete with us more effectively
and have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Rapid,
significant, and disruptive technological changes impact the industries in which we operate, and we expect new services and technologies
to continue to emerge and evolve. We cannot predict the effects of technological changes on our businesses. Developing and incorporating
new technologies into our products and services may require significant investment, take considerable time, and ultimately may not be
successful.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
addition, we may be required to litigate in the future to enforce our intellectual property rights, to protect our trade secrets, to
determine the validity and scope of the proprietary rights of others, or to defend against claims of infringement or invalidity. Any
such litigation could result in substantial costs and diversion of resources and could have a material adverse effect on our business,
financial condition, or results of operations, and there can be no assurances that we will be successful in any such litigation.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
may be subject to claims of infringement of intellectual property rights of others, which could have a material adverse effect on our
results of operations, financial condition, revenues, and profits.</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Companies
in the telecommunications industry and other industries in which we compete own large numbers of patents, copyrights and trademarks and
frequently enter into litigation based on allegations of infringement or other violations of intellectual property rights. As we face
increasing competition, the possibility of intellectual property claims against us grows. Although we do not believe that we infringe
upon the intellectual property rights of others, our technologies may not be able to withstand any third-party claims or rights against
their use. From time to time, we may be subject to claims and legal proceedings from third parties regarding alleged infringement by
us of trademarks, copyrights, patents, and other intellectual property rights. Such lawsuits can be expensive and time-consuming and
could distract us and our management from focusing on our businesses. Further, the loss of such lawsuits could result in financial burdens
and the requirement to modify our modes of operation, which could materially adversely affect our business.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
are subject to tax and regulatory audits which could result in the imposition of liabilities that may or may not have been reserved.</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
are subject to audits by taxing and regulatory authorities with respect to certain of our income and operations. These audits can cover
periods for several years prior to the date the audit is undertaken and could result in the imposition of liabilities, interest, and
penalties if our positions are not accepted by the auditing entity.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
2017 FCC Form 499-A, which reported our calendar year 2016 revenue was audited by the Universal Service Administrative Company, or USAC.
The USAC&#8217;s final decision imposed a $2.9 million charge on us for the Federal TRS Fund. We have appealed the USAC&#8217;s final
decision to the FCC and do not intend to remit payment for the TRS Fund fees unless and until a negative decision on our appeal has been
issued. We have made certain changes to our filing policies and procedures for years that remain potentially under audit. As of July
31, 2024, our accrued expenses included $25.9 million for FCC-related regulatory fees for the year covered by the audit, as well as prior
and subsequent years. If we do not properly calculate, or have not properly calculated, the amount payable by us to the FCC, we may be
subject to interest and penalties.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
are subject to value added tax, or VAT, audits from time-to-time in various jurisdictions. In the conduct of such audits, we may be required
to disclose information of a sensitive nature and, in general, to modify the way we have conducted business with our distributors until
the present, which may affect our business in an adverse manner.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
are also subject to audits in various jurisdictions for various other taxes, including utility excise tax, sales and use tax, communications
services tax, gross receipts tax, and property tax.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
business is subject to strict regulation under federal law regarding anti-money laundering and anti-terrorist financing. Failure to comply
with such laws, or abuse of our programs for purposes of money laundering or terrorist financing, could have a material adverse impact
on our business, financial condition, and operating results.</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Provisions
of the USA PATRIOT Act, the Bank Secrecy Act and other federal laws impose substantial regulations on financial institutions that are
designed to prevent money laundering and the financing of terrorist organizations. Increasing regulatory scrutiny of our industry with
respect to money laundering and terrorist financing matters could result in more aggressive enforcement of these laws or the enactment
of more onerous regulation, which could have a material adverse impact on our business. In addition, abuse of our money transfer services
or prepaid card programs for purposes of money laundering or terrorist financing, notwithstanding our efforts to prevent such abuse through
our regulatory compliance and risk management programs, could cause reputational or other harm that would have a material adverse impact
on our business, financial condition, and operating results.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
business is subject to a wide range of laws and regulations intended to help detect and prevent illegal or illicit activity and our failure,
or the failure of one of our disbursement partners or payment processors to comply with those laws and regulations could harm our business,
financial condition, and operating results.</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
BOSS Money and network branded prepaid card services are subject to a strict set of legal and regulatory requirements intended to help
detect and prevent money laundering, terrorist financing, fraud, and other illicit activity. The interpretation of those requirements
by judges, regulatory bodies and enforcement agencies is changing, often quickly and with little notice. Economic and trade sanctions
programs that are administered by the U.S. Treasury Department&#8217;s Office of Foreign Assets Control prohibit or restrict transactions
to or from or dealings with specified countries, their governments, and in certain circumstances, with individuals and entities that
are specially designated nationals of those countries, narcotics traffickers and terrorists or terrorist organizations. As federal, state,
and foreign legislative regulatory scrutiny and enforcement action in these areas increase, we expect our costs to comply with these
requirements will increase, perhaps substantially. Failure to comply with any of these requirements by us, our regulated retailers or
our disbursement partners could result in the suspension or revocation of a money transmitter license, the limitation, suspension or
termination of our services, the seizure and/or forfeiture of our assets and/or the imposition of civil and criminal penalties, including
fines.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Furthermore,
failure by us or our agents to comply with applicable laws and regulations could also result in termination of contracts with our banks
and/or merchant payment processors. Termination of services by one of our retail banks would seriously diminish our ability to collect
funds from our BOSS Revolution agents. Likewise, termination of services by our merchant processor would negatively impact our ability
to process payments in our digital channels.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
foregoing laws and regulations are constantly evolving, unclear, and inconsistent across various jurisdictions, making compliance challenging.
If we fail to update our compliance system to reflect legislative or regulatory developments, we could incur penalties. New legislation,
changes in laws or regulations, implementing rules and regulations, litigation, court rulings, changes in industry practices or standards,
changes in systems rules or requirements or other similar events could expose us to increased compliance costs, liability, reputational
damage, and could reduce the market value of our BOSS Money and network branded prepaid card services or render them less profitable
or obsolete.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Dodd-Frank Act, as well as the regulations required by the Dodd-Frank Act and the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau could harm us
and the scope of our activities, and could harm our operations, results of operations, and financial condition.</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Dodd-Frank Act, which became law in the United States on July 21, 2010, enacted significant structural reforms and substantive regulation
across the financial services industry. In addition, the Dodd-Frank Act created the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, or CFPB, whose
purpose is to issue and enforce consumer protection initiatives governing financial products and services, including money transfer services.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
may be subject to examination by the CFPB, which has broad authority to enforce consumer financial laws. The CFPB has a large budget
and staff and has broad authority with respect to our money transfer service and related business. It is authorized to collect fines
and provide consumer restitution in the event of violations, engage in consumer financial education, track consumer complaints, request
data, and promote the availability of financial services to underserved consumers and communities. In addition, the CFPB may adopt other
regulations governing consumer financial services, including regulations defining unfair, deceptive, or abusive acts or practices, and
new model disclosures. The CFPB&#8217;s authority to change regulations adopted in the past by other regulators, or to rescind or alter
past regulatory guidance, could increase our compliance costs and litigation exposure.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Dodd-Frank Act established a Financial Stability Oversight Council that is authorized to designate as &#8220;systemically important&#8221;
non-bank financial companies and payment systems. Companies designated under either standard will become subject to new regulation and
regulatory supervision. If we were designated under either standard, the additional regulatory and supervisory requirements could result
in costly new compliance burdens or may require changes in the way we conduct business that could harm our business, financial condition,
and operating results.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
are subject to licensing and other requirements imposed by U.S. state regulators, and the U.S. federal government. If we were found to
be subject to or in violation of any laws or regulations governing money transmitters, we could lose our licenses, be subject to liability
or be forced to change our business practices, which could harm our business, results of operations, and financial condition.</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">A
number of states and territories have enacted legislation regulating money transmitters, with 49 states requiring a license as of July
31, 2024. At July 31, 2024, we had obtained licenses to operate as a money transmitter in 48 U.S. states and Washington, D.C. We are
also registered as money services businesses with the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network of the U.S. Department of the Treasury, or
FinCEN. As a licensed money transmitter, we are subject to bonding requirements, liquidity requirements, restrictions on our investment
of customer funds, reporting requirements, and inspection by state and foreign regulatory agencies. If we were found to be subject to
and in violation of any banking or money services laws or regulations, we could be subject to liability or additional restrictions, such
as increased liquidity requirements. In addition, our licenses could be revoked, or we could be forced to cease doing business or change
our practices in certain states or jurisdictions or be required to obtain additional licenses or regulatory approvals that could impose
a substantial cost on us. Regulators could also impose other regulatory orders and sanctions on us. Any change to our business practices
that makes our service less attractive to customers or prohibits use of our services by residents of a particular jurisdiction could
decrease our transaction volume and harm our business, financial condition, and operating results.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
disbursement partners generally are regulated institutions in their home jurisdiction, and money transfers are regulated by governments
in both the United States and in the jurisdiction of the recipient. If our disbursement partners fail to comply with applicable laws,
it could harm our business, results of operations, and financial condition.</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Money
transfers are regulated by state, federal and foreign governments. Many of our disbursement partners are banks that are heavily regulated
by their home jurisdictions. Our non-bank disbursement partners are also subject to money transfer regulations. We require regulatory
compliance as a condition to our continued relationship, perform due diligence on our disbursement partners, and monitor them periodically
with the goal of meeting regulatory expectations. However, there are limits to the extent to which we can monitor their regulatory compliance.
Any determination that our disbursement partners or their sub-disbursement partners have violated laws and regulations could seriously
damage our reputation, resulting in diminished revenue and profit and increased operating costs. While our services are not directly
regulated by governments outside the United States, except with respect to IDT Financial Services Limited, or IDTFS, our Gibraltar-based
bank as discussed below, it is possible that in some cases we could be liable for the failure of our disbursement partners or their sub-disbursement
partners to comply with laws, which also could harm our business, financial condition, and results of operations.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">IDTFS
is regulated by the Gibraltar Financial Services Commission, or FSC, and, as such, is subject to Gibraltarian and EU laws relating to
financial institutions. As an issuer of prepaid debit cards for programs operated by other entities, commonly known as program managers,
IDTFS is responsible, inter alia, for anti-money laundering laws oversight and compliance. If we were to fail to implement the requisite
controls or follow the rules and procedures mandated by the FSC and applicable law, we could be subject to regulatory fines, and even
the loss of our banking license.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
receive, store, process, and use personal information and other data, which subjects us to governmental regulation and other legal obligations
related to privacy. Our actual or perceived failure to comply with such obligations could harm our business, financial condition, and
results of operations.</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
receive, store, and process personal information and other customer data, including bank account numbers, credit and debit card information,
identification numbers, and images of government identification cards. As a result, we are required to comply with the privacy provisions
of the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act of 1999, or the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act, and the Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard, or PCI DSS.
There are also numerous other federal, state, local, and international laws, such as the California Consumer Privacy Act, or CCPA and
the EU&#8217;s General Data Protection Regulation, or GDPR, regarding privacy and the storing, sharing, use, processing, disclosure,
and protection of personal information and other customer data, the scope of which are changing, subject to differing interpretations,
and may be inconsistent among different jurisdictions or conflict with other applicable rules. It is possible that these obligations
may be interpreted and applied in a manner that is inconsistent from one jurisdiction to another and may conflict with other rules or
our business practices.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Additionally,
with advances in computer capabilities and data protection requirements to address ongoing threats, we may be required to expend significant
capital and other resources to protect against potential security breaches or to alleviate problems caused by security breaches.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Any
failure or perceived failure by us to comply with our privacy policies, our privacy-related obligations to customers or other third parties,
or our privacy-related legal obligations, or any compromise of security that results in the unauthorized release or transfer of personally
identifiable information or other customer data, may result in governmental enforcement actions, fines, or litigation. If there is a
breach of credit or debit card information that we store, we could also be liable to the issuing banks for their cost of issuing new
cards and related expenses. In addition, a significant breach could result in our being prohibited from processing transactions for any
of the relevant network organizations, such as Visa or MasterCard, which would harm our business. If any third parties with whom we work,
such as marketing partners, vendors, or developers, violate applicable laws or our policies, such violations may put our customers&#8217;
information at risk and could harm our business. Any negative publicity arising out of a data breach or failure to comply with applicable
privacy requirements could damage our reputation and cause our customers to lose trust in us, which could harm our business, results
of operations, financial position, and potential for growth.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
may be harmed by certain imminent FCC Orders and rules that effect the telecommunications marketplace.</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
the Telephone Robocall Abuse Criminal Enforcement and Deterrence, or TRACED, Act, Congress gave the FCC new tools to fight unwanted,
and often illegal, robocalls, the top consumer complaint reported to the FCC annually. <span style="color: #222222; background-color: white">The
TRACED Act required the FCC to mandate the STIR/SHAKEN caller identification framework. STIR/SHAKEN enables phone companies to verify
that the caller ID information transmitted with a call matches the caller&#8217;s real phone number. The FCC has issued a series of Orders
and adopted several rules to implement the TRACED Act. For example, by June 30, 2021, many domestic and foreign carriers were required
to register with the FCC specifically for TRACED Act compliance. Initially, the FCC concluded that by September 28, 2021, we and other
similarly situated carriers would not be able to accept certain IP-based telecommunications traffic from foreign and domestic carrier
partners unless those carriers were registered with the FCC. However, the FCC temporarily suspended this obligation while it reconsiders
its impact. We believe the FCC will eventually reinstate the rule or implement a new rule that will have a comparable impact upon us
and the industry as a whole. We also believe the FCC will continue to address and refine its rules in this area. Of equal importance,
carriers such as us have the right to &#8220;sign&#8221; their traffic, effectively attesting that the traffic they are transmitting
is not illegal robocalls.</span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: white">The
FCC&#8217;s rules present several concerns to all carriers. Notably, the rules extend to many foreign carriers, and it is unclear whether
foreign carriers will be sufficiently educated and experienced to implement U.S. rules and regulations. Foreign carrier compliance, or
the lack thereof, could impact U.S. carriers as they seek to meet their own regulatory obligations. There may also be changes in the
marketplace as foreign carriers may look to limit U.S. carrier partners to whom they transmit calls for termination in the U.S. that
are subject to the STIR/SHAKEN rules.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
Canada, the Canadian Radio-Television and Telecommunications Commission, or CRTC is implementing near-identical STIR/SHAKEN rules as
the FCC is implementing in the U.S. although it is not apparent whether the CRTC will punish service providers who fail to meet their
obligations with the zealousness of the FCC. We expect that additional national communications regulators will implement similar, if
not identical, STIR/SHAKEN legislation.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: white">We
anticipate meeting our regulatory obligations under the STIR/SHAKEN rules and we are undertaking efforts to prevent us from being harmed
by potential changes in the marketplace. Nevertheless, the FCC&#8217;s rules allow for the possibility that well-prepared carriers with
anti-robocalling procedures in place may fail and be punished for their failure, despite their best efforts. Moreover, because the STIR/SHAKEN
rules may have a significant impact on the telecommunications marketplace, it is difficult to predict their outcome. We are prepared
for the implementation of STIR/SHAKEN but are concerned about its impact on the market as a whole and on us specifically.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Federal
and state regulations may be passed that could harm our business, financial condition, and results of operations.</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
ability to provide VoIP communications services at attractive rates arises in large part from the fact that VoIP services are not currently
subject to the same level of regulation as traditional, switch-based telephony. The use of the Internet and private IP networks to provide
voice communications services is largely unregulated within the United States, although several foreign governments have adopted laws
and/or regulations that could restrict or prohibit the provision of voice communications services over the Internet or private IP networks.
In the United States, the California PUC has initiated a proceeding under which we believe the PUC will expand its authority to regulate
interconnected VOIP. Other states are expected to follow the California PUC&#8217;s lead. If interconnected VoIP services become subject
to state regulation and/or additional regulation by the FCC, such regulation will likely lead to higher costs and reduce or eliminate
the competitive advantage interconnected VoIP holds over traditional telecommunications services by virtue of its lesser regulatory oversight.
More aggressive regulation of the Internet in general, and Internet telephony providers and services specifically, may materially and
adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
ability to offer services outside of the United States is subject to the local regulatory environment, which may be unfavorable, complicated,
and often uncertain.</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Regulatory
treatment outside the United States varies from country to country. We distribute our products and services through resellers that may
be subject to telecommunications regulations in their home countries. The failure of these resellers to comply with these laws and regulations
could reduce our revenue and profitability or expose us to audits and other regulatory proceedings. Regulatory developments such as these
could have a material adverse effect on our operating results.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
many countries in which we operate, or our services are sold, the status of the laws that may relate to our services is unclear. We cannot
be certain that our customers, resellers, or other affiliates are currently in compliance with regulatory or other legal requirements
in their respective countries, that they or we will be able to comply with existing or future requirements, and/or that they or we will
continue in compliance with any requirements. Our failure or the failure of those with whom we transact business to comply with these
requirements could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">While
we expect additional regulation of our industry in some or all of these areas, and we expect continuing changes in the regulatory environment
as new and proposed regulations are reviewed, revised and amended, we cannot predict with certainty what impact new laws in these areas
will have on us, if any.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">net2phone&#8217;s
VoIP services are subject to regulation in the United States and Canada. Future legislative, regulatory, or judicial actions could adversely
affect net2phone&#8217;s business and expose it to liability and limit its growth potential.</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
United States and Canada have applied some traditional telephone company regulations to VoIP and continue to evaluate how VoIP should
be regulated, as are other countries as we expand globally. The effects of future regulatory developments are uncertain. At the federal
level in the United States, the FCC has imposed certain telecommunications regulations on VoIP services including, but not limited to:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Requirements
                                            to provide E-911 service;</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Communications
                                            Assistance for Law Enforcement Act obligations;</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Obligation
                                            to support Universal Service;</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Customer
                                            Proprietary Network Information, or CPNI, requirements;</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Disability
                                            access obligations;</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Local
                                            Number Portability requirements; and</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Consumer
                                            protection, including protection from unwanted telemarketing and other calls.</span></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
Canada, the CRTC regulates VoIP Service. These regulated services are similar to those regulated in the United States discussed above.
We are subject to a variety of other federal, state and international laws and regulations as well as oversight from a variety of governmental
agencies and public service commissions. The laws governing our business may change in ways that harm our business. Federal, state, or
international governmental agencies administering and enforcing such laws may also choose to interpret and apply them in ways that harm
our business. These interpretations are also subject to change. Regulatory action could materially impair or force us to change our business
model and may adversely affect our revenue, increase our compliance costs, and reduce our profitability. In addition, governmental agencies
such as the Securities and Exchange Commission, Internal Revenue Service, FTC, FCC, and state taxing authorities may conclude that we
have violated federal laws, state laws or other rules and regulations, and we could be subject to fines, penalties or other actions that
could adversely impact our financial results or our ability to conduct business.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
are subject to legal proceedings in the ordinary course of business that may have a material adverse effect on our business, results
of operations, cash flows, or financial condition.</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Various
legal proceedings that have arisen or may arise in the ordinary course of business have not been finally adjudicated, which may have
a material adverse effect on our results of operations, cash flows, or financial condition (see Note 23 to our Consolidated Financial
Statements in Item 8 to Part II of this Annual Report).</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
telecommunications services are required to comply with industry standards, FCC regulations, privacy laws as well as certain state and
local jurisdiction specific regulations. Failure to comply with existing laws and any new laws that may become applicable to us may subject
us to penalties, increase our operating costs, and may also require us to modify existing products and/or service.</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
acceptance of telecommunications services is dependent upon our meeting certain industry standards. We are required to comply with certain
rules and regulations of the FCC regarding safety standards. Standards are continuously being modified and replaced. As standards evolve,
we may be required to modify our existing products or develop and support new versions of our products. We must comply with certain federal,
state, and local requirements regarding how we interact with our customers, including marketing practices, consumer protection, privacy,
and billing issues, the provision of emergency 911 service, and the quality of service we provide to our customers. The failure of our
products and services to comply, or delays in compliance with various existing and evolving standards could delay future offerings and
impact our revenues and profitability. Changes to the Universal Service Fund by the FCC or various state Universal Service Funds may
require us to increase our costs which could negatively affect revenue and profitability.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
are subject to Federal laws and FCC regulations that require us to protect customer information. While we have protections in place to
protect customer information there is no assurance that our systems will not be subject to failure or intentional fraudulent attack.
The failure to protect required information could subject us to penalties and diminish the confidence our customers have in our systems,
which could negatively affect results. While we try to comply with all applicable data protection laws, regulations, standards, and codes
of conduct, as well as our own posted privacy policies and contractual commitments to the extent possible, any failure by us to protect
our customers&#8217; privacy and data, including as a result of our systems being compromised by hacking or other malicious or surreptitious
activity, could result in a loss of customer confidence in our services and ultimately in a loss of customers, which could materially
and adversely affect our business as well as subject us to law suits, civil fines and criminal penalties.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Governmental
entities, class action lawyers, and consumer advocates are reviewing the data collection and use by companies that must maintain such
data. Our own requirements as well as regulatory codes of conduct, enforcement actions by regulatory agencies, and lawsuits by other
parties could impose additional compliance costs on us as well as subject us to unknown potential liabilities. These evolving laws, rules,
and practices may also curtail our current business activities, which may delay or affect our ability to become profitable as well as
affect customers and other business opportunities.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
addition, several foreign countries and governmental bodies, including the EU, Brazil, and Canada, have laws and regulations concerning
the collection and use of personally identifiable information obtained from their residents, including payment card information, which
are often more restrictive than those in the U.S. Laws and regulations in these jurisdictions apply broadly to the collection, use, storage,
disclosure, and security of personally identifiable information, including payment card information identifying, or which may be used
to identify, an individual, such as names, email addresses, and, in some jurisdictions, IP addresses, device identifiers, and other data.
As we conduct business or become deemed to conduct business in foreign jurisdictions, including through websites that we host that may
be available in these locations, we may become subject to those laws and regulations.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
are also subject to privacy and data protection-related obligations in our contracts with our customers and other third parties. Any
failure, or perceived failure, to comply with federal, state, or international laws, or to comply with our contractual obligations related
to privacy, could result in proceedings or actions against us which could result in significant liability to us as well as harm to our
reputation. Additionally, third parties with whom we contract may violate or appear to violate laws or regulations which could subject
us to the same risks. Any new laws, regulations, other legal obligations or industry standards, or any changed interpretation of existing
laws, regulations or other standards may require us to incur additional costs and restrict our business operations.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
collection, processing, storage, use, and transmission of personal data could give rise to liabilities because of governmental regulation,
conflicting legal requirements, differing views on data privacy, or security breaches.</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
engage in electronic billing and processing of our customers using secure transmission of sometimes confidential information over public
networks. We have systems and processes in place that are designed to protect consumer information and prevent fraudulent credit card
transactions and other security breaches. However, there is no guarantee that such systems and processes will not experience a failure.
Our failure to protect against fraud or breaches may subject us to costly breach notification and other mitigation obligations, class
action lawsuits, investigations, fines, forfeitures, or penalties from governmental agencies that could adversely affect our operating
results. We may be unable to prevent our customers from fraudulently receiving goods and services. Personal data is increasingly subject
to legal and regulatory protections around the world, which vary widely in approach and which possibly conflict with one another. In
recent years, for example, U.S. legislators and regulatory agencies, such as the FTC, as well as U.S. states have increased their focus
on protecting personal data by law and regulation and have increased enforcement actions for violations of privacy and data protection
requirements. The CCPA requires, among other things, covered companies to provide new disclosures to California consumers, and afford
such consumers new abilities to opt-out of certain sales of personal information. While we believe that we are not a covered entity under
the law, the effects of the CCPA potentially are significant, and may require us to modify our data processing practices and policies
and to incur substantial costs and expenses in an effort to comply. We may also from time to time be subject to, or face assertions that
we are subject to, additional obligations relating to personal data by contract or due to assertions that self-regulatory obligations
or industry standards apply to our practices.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
may also experience losses due to customer fraud and theft of service, such as fraudulent credit card transactions. Customers have, in
the past, obtained access to our service without paying for monthly service and international toll calls by unlawfully using fraudulently
obtained codes. If our existing anti-fraud procedures are not adequate or effective, consumer fraud and theft of service could have a
material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and operating results.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
GDPR and the Data Protection Act in the United Kingdom are intended to protect the privacy and security of personal data, including credit
card information that is collected, processed, and transmitted in or from the relevant jurisdiction. We stopped hosting websites in GDPR-complaint
countries or countries from which the bulk of business came from countries subject to GDPR. We also took steps to block those countries
from accessing any other sites we host. While we do not currently provide services in countries where compliance would be required and
are therefore not required to be compliant, if we did provide those services or otherwise were required to become complaint, implementation
of and compliance with these laws and regulations may be more costly or take longer than we anticipate, or could otherwise adversely
affect our business operations, which could negatively impact our financial position or cash flows.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Additionally,
media coverage of data breaches has escalated, in part because of the increased number of enforcement actions, investigations, and lawsuits.
As this focus and attention on privacy and data protection increases, we also risk exposure to potential liabilities and costs resulting
from compliance with or any failure to comply with applicable legal requirements, conflicts among these legal requirements, or differences
in approaches to privacy.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
could fail to comply with requirements for debit card, credit card, and other digital payment methods, which could have a material adverse
effect on our revenues, results of operations, and financial condition.</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">A
significant and increasing portion of our transactions are processed using debit cards, credit cards, and other digital payment methods.
The banks, credit card companies, networks, and other payment processing providers impose strict regulatory, compliance, system, and
other requirements to participate in such parties&#8217; payment systems. We are required to comply with the privacy provisions of various
federal and state privacy statutes and regulations, and the PCI DSS, each of which is subject to change at any time. Compliance with
PCI DSS does not guarantee a completely secure environment and notwithstanding the results of this assessment there can be no assurance
that payment card brands will not request further compliance assessments or set forth additional requirements to maintain access to credit
card processing services. Compliance with PCI DSS is an ongoing effort, and the requirements evolve as new threats are identified. Compliance
with these requirements is often difficult and costly, and our failure, or our counterparty&#8217;s failure, to comply may result in
significant fines or civil penalties, regulatory enforcement action, or liability under or termination of necessary agreements, each
of which could have a material adverse effect on our financial position and/or operations and that of our distributors who could be liable
as well.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Further,
our payment services are subject to stringent requirements by regulators and trade organizations in various jurisdictions. Our payment
services unit is subject to federal and state banking regulations, and we are also subject to further regulation by those states in which
we are licensed as a money transmitter. We may not be able to comply with all such requirements in a timely manner or remain in compliance.
If we are not in compliance, we could be subject to penalties or the termination of our rights to participate in such payment systems
or provide such services, which could have a material negative impact on our ability to grow our businesses and our revenues and profits.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
face risks in our sales to certain market segments including, but not limited to, sales subject to HIPAA Regulations.</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
customers can use our services to store contact and other personal or identifying information, and to process, transmit, receive, store,
and retrieve a variety of communications and messages, including information about their own customers and other contacts. In addition,
customers may use our services to store protected health information, or PHI, that is protected under the Health Insurance Portability
and Accountability Act, or HIPAA. We have sold and will continue to attempt to sell to certain customer segments which may have requirements
for additional privacy or security. In addition, sales may be made to customers that are subject to additional security requirements.
Selling into segments with additional requirements increases potential liability that in some instances may be unlimited. While we believe
we meet or exceed all requirements for sales to such segments, there is no assurance that our systems fully comply with all requirements.
Noncompliance with laws and regulations relating to privacy and HIPAA may lead to significant fines, penalties, or civil liability.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
ability to offer services outside the United States is subject to different regulations which may be unknown and uncertain.</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Regulatory
treatment of VoIP providers outside the United States varies from country to country, and local jurisdictions. Many times, the laws are
vague, unclear and regulations are not enforced uniformly. We are licensed as a VoIP seller in our international markets and are considering
expanding to other countries. We also cannot control if our customers take their devices out of the United States and use them abroad.
Our resellers may sell to customers who maintain facilities outside the United States. The failure by us or our customers and resellers
to comply with laws and regulations could reduce our revenue and profitability. As we expand to additional countries there may be additional
regulations that we are required to comply with, the failure to comply or properly assess regulations may subject us to penalties, fines,
and other actions that could materially affect our business.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Examinations
by relevant tax authorities may result in material changes in related tax reserves for tax positions taken in previously filed tax returns
or may impact the valuation of certain deferred income tax assets, such as net operating loss carry-forwards.</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Based
on the outcome of examinations by relevant tax authorities, or because of the expiration of statutes of limitations for specific jurisdictions,
it is reasonably possible that the related tax reserves for tax positions taken regarding previously filed tax returns will materially
change from those recorded in our financial statements. In addition, the outcome of examinations may impact the valuation of certain
deferred income tax assets (such as net operating loss carry-forwards) in future periods. It is not possible to estimate the impact of
the amount of such changes, if any, on previously recorded uncertain tax positions.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">There
may be a negative effect on our business going forward because of changes to net neutrality.</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
principle that Internet service providers should treat all Internet communications equally, and not charge users different rates for
various tiers of service or prioritize certain traffic while blocking or slowing down others, is called net neutrality. On January 4,
2018, the FCC released an order that largely repealed prior FCC rules that prevented broadband internet access providers from degrading
or otherwise disrupting a broad range of services provisioned over consumers&#8217; and enterprises&#8217; broadband internet access
lines. Many of the largest providers of broadband services, like cable companies and traditional telephone companies, have publicly stated
that they will not degrade or disrupt their customers&#8217; use of applications and services, like ours. However, there was no guarantee
that they would not do so in the future. If such providers were to degrade, impair, or block our services, it would negatively impact
our ability to provide services to our customers, and we would likely lose revenue and profits. We would probably incur legal fees in
an attempt to restore our customers&#8217; access to our services. Broadband internet access providers may also attempt to charge us
or our customers additional fees to access services like ours that may result in the loss of customers and revenue, or increase our costs
thereby reducing our profitability, or make our services less competitive if we increase our rates to our customers. President Biden
and numerous Senators have criticized the status of net neutrality, at this time we are not aware if there will be legislation that might
reimpose the prior regulations.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Following
the adoption of the January 4, 2018 order, a number of states passed laws establishing rules similar to those that existed prior to the
effective date of the January 4, 2018 order. However, we cannot rely on those state laws because of the uncertainty as to whether states
have the authority to establish rules that could be interpreted to conflict with the January 4, 2018 order. The U.S. Department of Justice
has taken the position that local authorities do not have the authority to contradict the FCC&#8217;s January 4, 2018 order. We cannot
predict the ultimate outcome of these disputes.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">States
are adding regulations for VoIP providers which could increase our costs and change certain aspects of our service.</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Certain
states take the position that offerings by VoIP providers may include intrastate communications and should therefore be subject to state
regulation including state taxes or surcharges. We have registered as an interconnected VoIP provider in those states where registration
is required; however, our rates are not regulated in the same manner as traditional telephone service providers. We believe that the
FCC has pre-empted states from regulating VoIP providers in the same manner as providers of traditional telecommunications services.
We cannot predict how this issue will be resolved or its impact on our business at this time.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Taxing
authorities may successfully assert that we should have collected or in the future should collect sales and use, value added, or similar
taxes, and any such assessments could adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Jurisdictions
in which we do not collect sales, use, value added, or similar taxes on VoIP services or other products may assert that such taxes are
applicable, which could result in tax assessments, penalties, and interest, and we may be required to collect such taxes in the future.
Such tax assessments, penalties, interest, or future requirements could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.
Further, in June 2018, the Supreme Court held in <i>South Dakota v. Wayfair, Inc.</i> that states could impose sales tax collection obligations
on out-of-state sellers even if those sellers lack any physical presence within the states imposing the sales taxes. Under <i>Wayfair</i>,
a person requires only a &#8220;substantial nexus&#8221; with the taxing state before the state may subject the person to sales tax collection
obligations therein. An increasing number of states (both before and after the publication of <i>Wayfair</i>) have considered or adopted
laws that attempt to impose sales tax collection obligations on out-of-state sellers. The Supreme Court&#8217;s <i>Wayfair</i> decision
has removed a significant impediment to the enactment and enforcement of these laws, and it is possible that states may seek to tax out-of-state
sellers on sales that occurred in prior tax years, which could create additional administrative burdens for us, put us at a competitive
disadvantage if such states do not impose similar obligations on our competitors, and decrease our future sales, which would adversely
impact our business, financial condition, and results of operations.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Risks
Related to Our Capital Structure</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Holders
of our Class B common stock have significantly less voting power than holders of our Class A common stock.</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Holders
of our Class B common stock are entitled to one-tenth of a vote per share on all matters on which our stockholders are entitled to vote,
while holders of our Class A common stock are entitled to three votes per share. As a result, the ability of holders of our Class B common
stock to influence our management is limited.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
are controlled by our principal stockholder, which limits the ability of other stockholders to affect the management of the Company.</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Howard
S. Jonas, our Chairman and Chairman of the Board of Directors, controls a majority of the voting power of our capital stock. As of October
7, 2024, Mr. Jonas has voting power over 1,574,326 shares of our Class A common stock (which are convertible into shares of our Class
B common stock on a 1-for-1 basis) and 2,645,360 shares of our Class B common stock, representing approximately 70.4% of the combined
voting power of our outstanding capital stock. Mr. Jonas will be able to control matters requiring approval by our stockholders, including
the election of all of the directors and the approval of significant corporate matters, including any merger, consolidation or sale of
all or substantially all of our assets. As a result, the ability of any of our other stockholders to influence our management is limited.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="h_004"></span>Item
1B. Unresolved Staff Comments.</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">None.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="h_005"></span>Item
1C. Cybersecurity.</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Cybersecurity
risk management and strategy</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
cybersecurity risk management is based on recognized cybersecurity industry frameworks and standards, including those of the National
Institute of Standards and Technology, the Center for Internet Security Controls, and the International Organization for Standardization.
We use these frameworks, together with information collected from internal assessments, to develop policies for the use of our information
assets (for example, business information and information resources such as mobile phones, computers and workstations), access to specific
intellectual property or technologies, and protection of personal information. We protect these information assets through industry-standard
techniques, such as multifactor authentication and malware defenses. We also work with internal stakeholders across the company to integrate
foundational cybersecurity principles throughout our organization&#8217;s operations, including the employment of multiple layers of
cybersecurity defenses, restricted access based on business needs, and integrity of our business information. We also regularly train
our employees on cybersecurity awareness, confidential information protection and simulated phishing attacks.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
regularly engage third-party assessors to conduct penetration testing and measure our program to industry standard frameworks. We also
have standing engagements with incident response experts and external counsel. We frequently collaborate with industry experts and cybersecurity
practitioners at other companies to exchange information about potential cybersecurity threats, best practices and trends.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
cybersecurity risk management extends to risks associated with our use of third-party service providers. For instance, we conduct risk
and compliance assessments of third-party service providers that request access to our information assets.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
cybersecurity risk management is an important part of our comprehensive business continuity program and enterprise risk management. Our
global information security team periodically engages with a cross-functional group of subject matter experts and leaders to assess and
refine our cybersecurity risk posture and preparedness. For example, we regularly evaluate and update contingency strategies for our
business in the event that a portion of our information resources were to be unavailable due to a cybersecurity incident. We practice
our response to potential cybersecurity incidents through regular tabletop exercises, threat hunting and red team exercises.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Governance
of cybersecurity risk management</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
Board of Directors, as a whole, has oversight responsibility for our strategic and operational risks. Our Audit Committee of our Board
of Directors assists the Board of Directors with this responsibility by reviewing and discussing our risk assessment and risk management
practices, including cybersecurity risks, with members of management. The Audit Committee, in turn, periodically reports on its review
with the Board of Directors.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Management
is responsible for day-to-day assessment and management of cybersecurity risks and reports regularly to our Audit Committee.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="h_006"></span>Item
2. Properties.</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
headquarters is in a building located at 520 Broad Street, Newark, New Jersey. We occupy approximately 57,000 square feet of office space
in this building and have parking rights in a parking garage located across the street at 36 Atlantic Street, Newark, New Jersey, both
of which were previously owned by Rafael Holdings. We also lease approximately 3,600 square feet of office space in Jerusalem, Israel
that is owned by Rafael Holdings. The Newark lease expires in April 2025 and the Israel lease expires in July 2025.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
lease space in New York, New York for corporate purposes as well as a number of other locations in metropolitan areas. These leased spaces
are utilized primarily to house telecommunications equipment and retail operations.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
maintain our European headquarters in London, England. We also maintain other international office locations and telecommunications facilities
in regions of Europe, Latin America, the Middle East, Asia, and Africa where we conduct operations.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="h_007"></span>Item
3. Legal Proceedings.</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Legal
proceedings disclosure is presented in Note 23 to our Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 to Part II of this Annual Report.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="h_008"></span>Item
4. Mine Safety Disclosures.</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Not
applicable.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="h_009"></span>Part
II</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="h_010"></span>Item
5. Market for Registrant&#8217;s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities.</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
Class B common stock trades on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol &#8220;IDT.&#8221;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On
October 7, 2024, there were 268 holders of record of our Class B common stock and one holder of record of our Class A common stock. All
shares of Class A common stock are beneficially owned by Howard S. Jonas, our Chairman and the Chairman of the Board. The number of holders
of record of our Class B common stock does not include the number of persons whose shares are in nominee or in &#8220;street name&#8221;
accounts through brokers. On October 7, 2024, the last sales price reported on the New York Stock Exchange for our Class B common stock
was $38.10 per share.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
fiscal 2018, our Board of Directors discontinued our quarterly dividend, electing instead to repurchase shares of our Class B common
stock when warranted by market conditions, available resources, and our business outlook and results, as well as to invest in our growth
business initiatives. Accordingly, no dividends were paid since fiscal 2018 until fiscal 2024.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
March 2024, our Board of Directors initiated a quarterly cash dividend of $0.05 per share on our Class A and Class B common stock. In
fiscal 2024, we paid aggregate cash dividends of $2.5 million on our Class A and Class B common stock.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
paid a dividend of $0.05 per share on our Class A and Class B common stock on October 7, 2024 to stockholders of record as of the close
of business on September 30, 2024.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
information required by Item 201(d) of Regulation S-K will be contained in our Proxy Statement for our Annual Stockholders Meeting, which
we will file with the Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days after July 31, 2024, and which is incorporated by reference
herein.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Performance
Graph of Stock</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><img src="form10-k_001.jpg" alt=""/>&#160;</p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Issuer
Purchases of Equity Securities</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
following table provides information with respect to purchases by us of our shares during the fourth quarter of fiscal </span>2024.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Total<br/>
    Number of<br/> Shares Purchased</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Average<br/>
    Price<br/> per Share</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Total
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    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Maximum
                                            Number of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans<br/> or Programs<sup>(1)</sup></span></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 28%; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">May
    1 &#8211; 31, 2024</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1,479</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 12%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">36.09</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">June
    1 &#8211; 30, 2024</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">80,507</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">36.13</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">80,507</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4,416,114</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">July
    1 &#8211; 31, 2024</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">12,328</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">36.22</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">12,328</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4,403,786</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Total</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">94,314</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">36.15</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">94,314</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"></p>

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<tr style="vertical-align: top">
  <td style="text-align: justify; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(1)</span></td>
  <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On January 22, 2016, our Board of Directors approved a stock
repurchase program to purchase up to 8.0 million shares of our Class B common stock.</span></td></tr>
</table>


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<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="h_011"></span>Item
6. [Reserved]</span></p>

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<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="h_012"></span>Item
7. Management&#8217;s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">This
Annual Report contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of
the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, including statements that contain the words &#8220;believes,&#8221; &#8220;anticipates,&#8221; &#8220;expects,&#8221;
&#8220;plans,&#8221; &#8220;intends&#8221; and similar words and phrases. These forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties
that could cause actual results to differ materially from the results projected in any forward-looking statement. In addition to the
factors specifically noted in the forward-looking statements, other important factors, risks and uncertainties that could result in those
differences include, but are not limited to, those discussed under Item 1A to Part I &#8220;Risk Factors&#8221; in this Annual Report.
The forward-looking statements are made as of the date of this Annual Report, and we assume no obligation to update the forward-looking
statements, or to update the reasons why actual results could differ from those projected in the forward-looking statements. Investors
should consult all of the information set forth in this report and the other information set forth from time to time in our reports filed
with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to the Securities Act of 1933 and the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, including
our reports on Forms 10-Q and 8-K.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
following discussion should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes thereto included in Item 8 of
this Annual Report.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
Management&#8217;s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations included in this Annual Report generally
discusses fiscal 2024 and fiscal 2023 items and year-to-year comparisons between fiscal 2024 and fiscal 2023. Discussions of fiscal 2022
items and year-to-year comparisons between fiscal 2023 and fiscal 2022 that are not included in this Annual Report can be found in &#8220;Management&#8217;s
Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations&#8221; in Part II, Item 7 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K
for the fiscal year ended July 31, 2023.</span></p>

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<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">CRITICAL
ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
financial statements and accompanying notes are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States
of America, or U.S. GAAP. The preparation of financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the
reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue, and expenses as well as the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. Critical
accounting estimates are estimates made in accordance with U.S. GAAP that involve a significant level of estimation uncertainty and have
had, or are reasonably likely to have, a material impact on our financial condition or results of operations. Our critical accounting
estimates include those related to goodwill impairment testing, valuation of long-lived assets, allowance for credit losses, and income
taxes, sales taxes, and regulatory agency fees. See Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 to Part II of this Annual
Report for a complete discussion of our significant accounting policies.</span></p>

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<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Goodwill
Impairment Testing</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Under
U.S. GAAP, goodwill is not amortized but is reviewed annually for impairment at a level of reporting referred to as a reporting unit.
A reporting unit is an operating segment, or one level below the operating segment, depending on whether certain criteria are met.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
annual assessment date is May 1. An interim impairment test would be required whenever events or circumstances make it more likely than
not that an impairment may have occurred. The goodwill impairment test compares the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying
amount. We would recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit&#8217;s fair value;
however, the loss recognized would not exceed the total amount of goodwill. Additionally, we consider income tax effects from any tax-deductible
goodwill on the carrying amount of the reporting unit when measuring the goodwill impairment loss, if applicable.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
have the option to perform a qualitative assessment to determine whether it is necessary to perform the quantitative goodwill impairment
test. However, we may elect to perform the quantitative goodwill impairment test even if no indications of a potential impairment exist.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
carrying amount of our goodwill by reporting unit was as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 80%">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(in
    millions)<br/> July 31</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2024</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 60%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Retail
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    <td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">11.2</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">11.2</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">net2phone</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">9.8</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">9.9</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Fintech</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3.2</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3.2</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">IDT
    Digital Payments</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.1</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.2</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">TOTAL</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">26.3</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">26.5</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">For
our annual goodwill impairment test as of May 1, 2024, we performed quantitative assessments of our Retail Communications and net2phone
reporting units and qualitative assessments for our Fintech and IDT Digital Payments reporting units. Our assessments did not indicate
any goodwill impairment as of May 1, 2024. For the quantitative assessments, we calculated the fair value of the reporting unit using
a discounted cash flow method as a form of the income approach. The discounted cash flow method is based on the present value of projected
cash flows and a terminal value. The terminal value represents the expected normalized future cash flows of the reporting unit beyond
the projection period. We use a discount rate based on the weighted-average cost of capital of comparable companies by Global Industry
Classification Standard code that represents our estimate of the expected return a marketplace participant would have required.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">For
our annual goodwill impairment test as of May 1, 2023, we performed qualitative assessments for all of our reporting units that indicated
that it was more likely than not that the fair values of our reporting units exceeded their respective carrying values and, therefore,
did not result in an impairment.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
do not believe we are currently at risk of goodwill impairment based on qualitative assessments of our reporting units for the three
months ended July 31, 2024. We considered several factors in these qualitative assessments including (i) the business enterprise value
of the reporting unit from the last quantitative test and the excess of the fair value over carrying value, (ii) macroeconomic conditions
including changes in interest rates and discount rates, (iii) industry and market considerations including industry revenue, EBITDA margins,
and multiples based on business enterprise value to revenues and to EBITDA, and (iv) the recent financial performance and budget of the
reporting unit.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Calculating
the fair value of a reporting unit requires significant estimates and assumptions by management. The key assumptions and judgments underlying
our quantitative assessment include the discount rates and terminal growth rates used in our discounted cash flow analysis, the revenue
and EBITDA projections for our reporting units, and estimates of future levels of gross and operating profits and capital expenditures.
Should the estimates and assumptions regarding the fair value of the reporting units prove to be incorrect, we may be required to record
impairments to goodwill in future periods.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Valuation
of Long-Lived Assets</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
test the recoverability of our long-lived assets whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of any
such asset may not be recoverable. Such events or changes in circumstances include:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">significant
                                            actual underperformance relative to expected performance or projected future operating results;</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">significant
                                            changes in the manner or use of the asset or the strategy of our overall business;</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">significant
                                            adverse changes in the business climate in which we operate; and</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">loss
                                            of a significant contract.</span></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">There
were no such events or changes in circumstances in fiscal 2024 or fiscal 2023. If we determine that events or changes in circumstances
indicate the carrying value of certain long-lived assets may not be recoverable, we test for impairment based on the projected undiscounted
cash flows to be derived from such asset. If the projected undiscounted future cash flows are less than the carrying value of the asset,
we will record an impairment loss based on the difference between the estimated fair value and the carrying value of the asset. We generally
measure fair value by considering sale prices for similar assets or by discounting estimated future cash flows from the asset using an
appropriate discount rate. Cash flow projections for specific assets and fair value estimates of assets require significant estimates
and assumptions by management that have a significant level of estimation uncertainty. Should our estimates and assumptions prove to
be incorrect, we may be required to record impairments in future periods and such impairments could be material.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Allowance
for Credit Losses on Accounts Receivable</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
allowance for credit losses was $6.4 million at July 31, 2024 and our allowance for doubtful accounts was $5.6 million at July 31, 2023.
The allowance as a percentage of gross trade accounts receivable decreased to 13.1% at July 31, 2024 from 15.0% at July 31, 2023 because,
at July 31, 2024 compared to July 31, 2023, gross trade accounts receivable increased 28.7% and the allowance increased 12.6%. The most
significant increases in the trade accounts receivable balance at July 31, 2024 compared to July 31, 2023 were in NRS and IDT Global.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On
August 1, 2023, we adopted Accounting Standards Update, or ASU, No. 2016-13, <i>Financial Instruments&#8212;Credit Losses (Topic 326)</i>,
<i>Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments</i>. Effective with the adoption of ASU 2016-13, we record an expense based
on a forward-looking current expected credit loss model to maintain our allowance for credit losses. When determining the allowance for
trade accounts receivable, we consider the probability of recoverability of accounts receivable based on past experience, taking into
account current collection trends and general economic factors, including bankruptcy rates. We also consider future economic trends to
estimate expected credit losses over the lifetime of the asset. Credit risks are assessed based on historical write-offs, net of recoveries,
as well as an analysis of the aged accounts receivable balances with allowances generally increasing as the receivable ages. Accounts
receivable may be fully reserved for when specific collection issues are known to exist, such as pending bankruptcies. Account balances
are written off against the allowance when it is determined that the receivable will not be recovered.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
allowance for credit losses estimate is subject to change due to new developments, changes in assumptions or changes in our strategy.
We continually assess the likelihood of potential amounts or ranges of recoverability and adjust our allowance accordingly, however,
actual collections and write-offs of trade accounts receivables may materially differ from our estimates.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Income
Taxes, Sales Taxes, and Regulatory Agency Fees</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
current and deferred income taxes and associated valuation allowance, accruals for sales taxes, and telecom regulatory agency fee accruals,
are impacted by events and transactions arising in the normal course of business as well as in connection with special and non-routine
items. Assessment of the appropriate amount of income taxes, sales taxes, and regulatory agency fees is dependent on several factors,
including estimates of the timing and realization of deferred income tax assets, judgments about the potential results of audits and
applicability of regulatory agency rules and regulations, as well as judgments and assumptions about changes in income tax, sales tax,
and regulatory agency laws, rules, or regulations.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
of July 31, 2024, net2phone had U.S. federal net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $11 million, which will expire through
fiscal 2027. With our reacquisition of net2phone in March 2006, its losses were limited under Internal Revenue Code, or IRC, Section
382 to approximately $7 million per year. In fiscal 2024, we had an IRC Section 382 study conducted on the reacquisition and the limitation
was adjusted to $9 million per year. We recorded a tax benefit related to the adjusted amount of $23.6 million in fiscal 2024.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
valuation allowance on our deferred income tax assets was $13.6 million and $10.6 million at July 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. In
fiscal 2024, we increased the valuation allowance by $3.0 million, which included the establishment of a valuation allowance of $3.5
million for deferred income tax assets that were not more likely than not going to be utilized prior to expiration, net of a decrease
of $0.2 million due to the utilization or disposal of previously valued deferred income tax assets and a release of $0.3 million for
profitability in the United Kingdom. In fiscal 2023, we decreased the valuation allowance by $1.0 million, which included a decrease
of $2.8 million due to the utilization or disposal of previously valued deferred income tax assets and a release of $0.7 million for
profitability in the United Kingdom, net of an establishment of $2.5 million for deferred income tax assets that were not more likely
than not going to be utilized prior to expiration.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On
June 21, 2018, the United States Supreme Court rendered a decision in South Dakota v. Wayfair, Inc., holding that a state may require
a remote seller with no physical presence in the state to collect and remit sales tax on goods and services provided to purchasers in
the state, overturning certain existing court precedent. It is possible that one or more jurisdictions may assert that we have liability
for periods for which we have not collected sales, use or other similar taxes, and if such an assertion or assertions were successful
it could materially and adversely affect our business, financial position, and operating results. One or more jurisdictions may change
their laws or policies to apply their sales, use or other similar taxes to our operations, and if such changes were made it could materially
and adversely affect our business, financial position, and operating results.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
2017 FCC Form 499-A, which reported our calendar year 2016 revenue, was audited by the USAC. The USAC&#8217;s final decision imposed
a $2.9 million charge on us for the Federal Telecommunications Relay Service, or TRS, Fund. We have appealed the USAC&#8217;s final decision
to the FCC and we do not intend to remit payment for the TRS Fund fees unless and until a negative decision on our appeal has been issued.
We have made certain changes to our filing policies and procedures for years that remain potentially under audit. At July 31, 2024 and
2023, our accrued expenses included $25.9 million and $26.8 million, respectively, for FCC-related regulatory fees for the year covered
by the audit, as well as prior and subsequent years.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">RECENTLY
ISSUED ACCOUNTING STANDARDS NOT YET ADOPTED</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
December 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board, or FASB, issued ASU No. 2023-09, <i>Income Taxes (Topic 740)</i>, <i>Improvements
to Income Tax Disclosures</i>, primarily related to the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid disclosures as well as certain other
amendments to income tax disclosures. Entities will be required on an annual basis to consistently categorize and provide greater disaggregation
of rate reconciliation information and further disaggregate their income taxes paid. We will adopt the amendments in this ASU for our
fiscal year beginning on August 1, 2025. The amendments in this ASU should be applied on a prospective basis, although retrospective
application is permitted. We are evaluating the impact that this ASU will have on our consolidated financial statements.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-08, <i>Intangibles-Goodwill and Other-Crypto Assets (Subtopic 350-60)</i>, <i>Accounting
for and Disclosure of Crypto Assets</i>, that changes the accounting for crypto assets from a cost-less-impairment model to fair value,
with changes recognized in net income each reporting period. The ASU also requires enhanced disclosures including, among other things,
the name, cost basis, fair value, and number of units for each significant holding, and a rollforward of annual activity including additions,
dispositions, gains, and losses. We will adopt the amendments in this ASU for our fiscal year beginning on August 1, 2025. The ASU requires
a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings as of adoption. We are evaluating the impact that this ASU
will have on our consolidated financial statements.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">RESULTS
OF OPERATIONS</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
evaluate the performance of our business segments based primarily on income (loss) from operations. Accordingly, the income and expense
line items below income (loss) from operations are only included in our discussion of consolidated results of operations.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
of July 31, 2024, we owned 94.0% of the outstanding shares of our subsidiary, net2phone 2.0, Inc., or net2phone 2.0, which owns and operates
the net2phone segment, and 81.5% of the outstanding shares of NRS, and, on a fully diluted basis assuming all the vesting criteria related
to various rights granted have been met, we would own 90.0% of net2phone 2.0 and 79.3% of NRS.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Reclassifications</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">From
and after August 1, 2023, we include depreciation and amortization in &#8220;Direct cost of revenues&#8221; and &#8220;Selling, general
and administrative&#8221; expense. Prior to August 1, 2023, depreciation and amortization was a separate caption in the consolidated
statements of income. In addition, from and after August 1, 2023, we are reporting gross profit and gross profit margin in accordance
with U.S. GAAP in our &#8220;Results of Operations.&#8221;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">From
and after February 1, 2024, we reclassified most of our technology and development expenses from &#8220;Selling, general and administrative&#8221;
expense to a new &#8220;Technology and development&#8221; expense caption in the consolidated statements of income and reclassified an
amount that was immaterial in all periods to &#8220;Direct cost of revenues.&#8221; &#8220;Technology and development&#8221; expense
consists primarily of personnel-related expenses for employees involved in the research, design, development, and maintenance of both
new and existing technology products and services, including salaries, benefits, and stock-based compensation. &#8220;Technology and
development&#8221; expense also includes costs for software licenses, subscription services, and other companywide technology tools dedicated
for use by our technology and development teams. The costs of third-party contractors that support our technology and development are
also included. &#8220;Technology and development&#8221; expense also includes the costs of product and engineering teams used to support
the development of both internal infrastructure and internal-use software, to the extent such costs do not qualify for capitalization.
The expenses reclassified to &#8220;Direct cost of revenues&#8221; are the costs of cloud computing arrangements hosted by a vendor in
the production environment incurred by the net2phone segment and NRS, and net2phone&#8217;s colocation costs for data centers where net2phone
is not fully operational in the cloud. Finally, depreciation and amortization of capitalized internal use software costs was reclassified
from &#8220;Selling, general and administrative&#8221; expense to &#8220;Technology and development&#8221; expense.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
following table shows the amounts that were reclassified in fiscal 2023 and fiscal 2022 to conform to the current year&#8217;s presentation:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
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    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2022</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">Selling, general and administrative expense reclassified to:</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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    <td style="width: 60%; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt; padding-left: 10pt">Direct cost of revenues</td><td style="width: 2%; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 16%; text-align: right">1.4</td><td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 2%; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Depreciation and amortization expense reclassified to:</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt; padding-left: 10pt">Selling, general and administrative expense</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Concentration
of Customers</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
most significant customers typically include telecom operators to whom we provide wholesale services and distributors of our retail calling
products. While they may vary from quarter to quarter, our five largest customers collectively accounted for 10.3%, 10.8%, and 12.5%
of our consolidated revenues in fiscal 2024, fiscal 2023, and fiscal 2022, respectively. Our customers with the five largest receivables
balance collectively accounted for 22.7% and 16.7% of our consolidated gross trade accounts receivable at July 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
This concentration of customers increases our risk associated with nonpayment by those customers. In an effort to reduce our risk, we
perform ongoing credit evaluations of our significant customers, and in some cases, do not offer credit terms to customers, choosing
instead to require prepayment. Historically, when we have issued credit, we have not required collateral to support trade accounts receivable
from our customers. However, when necessary, we have imposed stricter credit restrictions on our customers. In some cases, this has resulted
in our sharply curtailing, or ceasing completely, sales to certain customers. We attempt to mitigate our credit risk related to specific
IDT Global customers by also buying services from the customer, in order to create an opportunity to offset our payables and receivables
with the customer. In this way, we can continue to sell services to these customers while reducing our receivable exposure risk. When
it is practical to do so, we will increase our purchases from IDT Global customers with receivable balances that exceed our applicable
payables in order to maximize the offset and reduce our credit risk.</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

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<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Explanation
of Performance Metrics</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
results of operations discussion include the following performance metrics:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">for
                                            NRS, active POS terminals, payment processing accounts, and recurring revenue,</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">for
                                            net2phone, seats and subscription revenue, and</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9632;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">for
                                            Traditional Communications, minutes of use.</span></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">NRS
uses two key metrics to measure the size of its customer base: active POS terminals and payment processing accounts. Active POS terminals
are the number of POS terminals that have completed at least one transaction in the calendar month. It excludes POS terminals that have
not been fully installed by the end of the month. Payment processing accounts are NRS PAY accounts that can generate revenue. It excludes
accounts that have been approved but not activated. NRS&#8217; recurring revenue is NRS&#8217; revenue in accordance with U.S. GAAP,
excluding its revenue from POS terminal sales.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">net2phone&#8217;s
cloud communications offerings are priced on a per-seat basis, with customers paying based on the number of users in their organization.
net2phone&#8217;s subscription revenue is its revenue in accordance with U.S. GAAP excluding its equipment revenue and revenue generated
by a legacy SIP trunking offering in Brazil.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
trends and comparisons between periods for the number of active POS terminals, NRS PAY accounts, seats served, recurring revenue, and
subscription revenue are used in the analysis of NRS&#8217; or net2phone&#8217;s revenues and direct cost of revenues and are strong
indications of the top-line growth and performance of the business.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Minutes
of use is a nonfinancial metric that measures aggregate customer usage during a reporting period. Minutes of use is an important factor
in BOSS Revolution&#8217;s and IDT Global&#8217;s revenue recognition since satisfaction of our performance obligation occurs when the
customer uses our service. Minutes of use trends and comparisons between periods are used in the analysis of revenues and direct cost
of revenues.</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Year
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<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
following table sets forth certain items in our statements of income as a percentage of our total revenues:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">National
Retail Solutions Segment</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">NRS,
which represented 8.6%, 6.2%, and 3.8% of our total revenues in fiscal 2024, fiscal 2023, and fiscal 2022, respectively, is an operator
of a nationwide POS network providing independent retailers with store management software, electronic payment processing, and other
ancillary merchant services. NRS&#8217; POS platform provides marketers with digital out-of-home advertising and transaction data.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Revenues:</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; width: 23%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Recurring</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">10.5</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(0.3</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Total
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">26.0</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">25.8</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">50.3</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">65.8</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Technology
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(5.0</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2.1</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">42.5</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">1.1</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">28.8</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Other
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8212;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8212;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">0.2</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">nm</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8212;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8212;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">50.2</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">%</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">1.5</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">%</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  </table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">nm&#8212;not
meaningful</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
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    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">#</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">%</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 23%; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Active
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 7%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">32.1</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 7%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">25.7</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 7%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">19.4</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 7%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">6.4</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 7%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">25.1</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">%</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 7%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">32.6</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">%</span></td></tr>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">21.3</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">15.8</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">52.9</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">%</span></td></tr>
  </table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Revenues.
</i>Revenues increased in fiscal 2024 compared to fiscal 2023 driven primarily by revenue growth from NRS&#8217; merchant services, as
well as the expansion of NRS&#8217; POS network.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Direct
Cost of Revenues.</i> Direct cost of revenues increased in fiscal 2024 compared to fiscal 2023 primarily due to the increase in the direct
costs of NRS&#8217; POS terminal sales.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Selling,
General and Administrative.</i> Selling, general and administrative expense increased in fiscal 2024 compared to fiscal 2023 primarily
due to increases in sales commissions, employee compensation, and bad debt expense. As a percentage of NRS&#8217; revenue, NRS&#8217;
selling, general and administrative expense was 60.7%, 61.0%, and 55.3% in fiscal 2024, fiscal 2023, and fiscal 2022, respectively.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Technology
and Development.</i> Technology and development expense increased in fiscal 2024 compared to fiscal 2023 primarily due to increases in
employee compensation and consulting expense.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Other
Operating Expense.</i> In fiscal 2024, NRS recorded expense of $0.2 million for capitalized internal use software costs for software
that was taken out of service, as well as certain other assets no longer in use.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Fintech
Segment</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Fintech,
which represented 10.0%, 7.0%, and 4.7% of our total revenues in fiscal 2024, fiscal 2023, and fiscal 2022, respectively, is comprised
of: (i) BOSS Money, a provider of international money remittance and related value/payment transfer services; and (ii) other, significantly
smaller, financial services businesses, including a variable interest entity, or VIE, that operates money transfer businesses, and IDTFS,
our Gibraltar-based bank.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(in
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Year
    ended July 31</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$/#</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Revenues:</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td colspan="2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">BOSS Money</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</span></td>
    <td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">108.3</span></td>
    <td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</span></td>
        <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">76.9</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</span></td>
   <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">55.6</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">21.3</span></td>
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Total
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">64.6</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">34.1</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">39.4</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">22.0</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">34.1</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Direct
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(36.6</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">16.8</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">45.9</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">10.4</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">39.8</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Gross
    profit</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">50.0</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">38.4</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">17.3</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">34.6</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">11.6</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">30.2</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Selling,
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    <td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(59.6</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(47.2</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(39.5</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">12.4</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">26.3</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">7.7</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">19.4</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Technology
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    <td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(9.5</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(7.2</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(5.7</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2.3</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">30.6</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">1.5</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">27.5</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Severance</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8212;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8212;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8212;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8212;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(100.0</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Other
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">1.9</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(0.2</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(13.2</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(1.9</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;nm</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Loss
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(2.5</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2.4</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">94.9</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">%</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">4.4</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">63.2</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">%</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Gross
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">57.7</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">%</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">59.5</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">%</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(1.9</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)%</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(1.8</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)%</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  </table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">nm&#8212;not
meaningful</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Revenues.
</i>Revenues from BOSS Money increased in fiscal 2024 compared to fiscal 2023 primarily because of increased transaction volume in BOSS
Money&#8217;s retail and digital channels. BOSS Money continues to benefit from cross-marketing to BOSS Revolution customers, the expansion
of its retail agent network, and enhanced user-experience within the BOSS Money and BOSS Revolution apps.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Fintech&#8217;s
other revenues increased in fiscal 2024 compared to fiscal 2023 primarily because of an increase in IDTFS&#8217; revenues.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Direct
Cost of Revenues.</i> Direct cost of revenues increased in fiscal 2024 compared to fiscal 2023 primarily due to increases in BOSS Money&#8217;s
and IDTFS&#8217; direct cost of revenues, which reflected the increases in revenues.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Selling,
General and Administrative.</i> Selling, general and administrative expense increased in fiscal 2024 compared to fiscal 2023 primarily
due to increases in debit and credit card processing charges, employee compensation, bank fees, and marketing expenses. The increase
in card processing charges was the result of increased credit and debit card transactions through our BOSS Money app and other digital
channels. As a percentage of Fintech&#8217;s revenue, Fintech&#8217;s selling, general and administrative expense was 49.4%, 54.5%, and
61.2% in fiscal 2024, fiscal 2023, and fiscal 2022, respectively.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Technology
and Development.</i> Technology and development expense increased in fiscal 2024 compared to fiscal 2023 primarily due to increases in
employee compensation and depreciation and amortization expense.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Other
Operating Gain, net.</i> In fiscal 2024 and fiscal 2023, we determined that the requirements for the contingent consideration payments
related to the Leaf Global Fintech Corporation, or Leaf, acquisition would likely not be met. We recognized gains of $1.8 million and
$1.6 million in fiscal 2024 and fiscal 2023, respectively, on the write-off of these contingent consideration payment obligations. In
addition, in fiscal 2024, we completed a portion of the integration of the Leaf Wallet platform into the BOSS Money app, including replacing
the Leaf tradename with BOSS Money. The Leaf tradename balance of $0.1 million was written-off in fiscal 2024. In fiscal 2023, Leaf received
$0.4 million from government grants for the development and commercialization of blockchain-backed financial technologies.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">net2phone
Segment</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
net2phone segment, which represented 6.8%, 5.8%, and 4.3% of our total revenues in fiscal 2024, fiscal 2023, and fiscal 2022, respectively,
is comprised of net2phone&#8217;s integrated cloud communications and contact center services.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(in
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    <td colspan="2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Year
    ended July 31</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">%</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$/#</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">%</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Revenues:</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td colspan="2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; width: 23%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Subscription</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 7%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">78.4</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Other</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">11.7</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">25.9</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Selling,
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(49.7</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(47.5</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2.9</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">5.8</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2.2</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">4.6</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(10.0</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(9.3</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">0.8</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">0.7</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(0.1</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">nm&#8212;not
meaningful</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
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    <td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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  </table>


<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Revenues.
</i>net2phone&#8217;s revenues increased in fiscal 2024 compared to fiscal 2023 driven primarily by the growth in subscription revenue
in the U.S. and Latin American markets, which reflected the increase in seats served at July 31, 2024 compared to July 31, 2023.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Direct
Cost of Revenues.</i> Direct cost of revenues increased in fiscal 2024 compared to fiscal 2023 primarily due to the increase in revenues,
with the largest increase in the U.S. market. net2phone&#8217;s focus on mid-sized businesses, multi-channel strategies, and localized
offerings generated revenue growth that exceeded the increase in direct cost of revenues.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Selling,
General and Administrative.</i> Selling, general and administrative expense increased in fiscal 2024 compared to fiscal 2023 primarily
due to increases in employee compensation and sales commissions. As a percentage of net2phone&#8217;s revenues, net2phone&#8217;s selling,
general and administrative expense decreased to 63.9% from 68.7% and 81.7% in fiscal 2024, fiscal 2023, and fiscal 2022, respectively.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Technology
and Development</i>. Technology and development expense increased in fiscal 2024 compared to fiscal 2023 primarily due to increases in
employee compensation and depreciation and amortization expense.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Other
Operating Gain (Expense), net. </i>In fiscal 2024, we determined that the requirement for a contingent consideration payment related
to an acquisition in a prior period would not be met. We recognized a gain of $0.1 million on the write-off of this contingent consideration
payment obligation. In fiscal 2023, we recorded an expense of $0.1 million for telephone equipment that was taken out of service.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Traditional
Communications Segment</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Traditional Communications segment, which represented 74.6%, 81.0%, and 87.2% of our total revenues in fiscal 2024, fiscal 2023, and
fiscal 2022, respectively, includes: (i) IDT Digital Payments, which enables customers to transfer airtime and bundles of airtime, messaging,
and data to international and domestic mobile accounts; (ii) BOSS Revolution, an international long-distance calling service marketed
primarily to immigrant communities in the United States and Canada; and (iii) IDT Global, a wholesale provider of international voice
and SMS termination and outsourced traffic management solutions to telecoms worldwide. Traditional Communications also includes other
small businesses and offerings including early-stage business initiatives and mature businesses in harvest mode.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Traditional
Communications&#8217; most significant revenue streams are from IDT Digital Payments, BOSS Revolution, and IDT Global. IDT Digital Payments
and BOSS Revolution are sold directly to consumers and through distributors and retailers. We receive payments for BOSS Revolution, traditional
calling cards, and IDT Digital Payments prior to providing the services. We recognize the revenue when services are provided to the customer.
Traditional Communications&#8217; revenues tend to be somewhat seasonal, with the second fiscal quarter (which contains Christmas and
New Year&#8217;s Day) and the fourth fiscal quarter (which contains Mother&#8217;s Day and Father&#8217;s Day) typically showing higher
minute volumes.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Revenues:</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; width: 23%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">IDT
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">IDT
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(21.2</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Other</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Total
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">1,002.7</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">1,190.0</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(103.1</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(10.3</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(187.3</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(15.7</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(733.4</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(85.6</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(10.5</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Selling,
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(3.9</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Technology
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(28.2</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(10.2</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(2.5</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(8.7</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Severance</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(0.9</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(0.1</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">0.7</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">78.6</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">0.8</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;nm</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Other
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(7.9</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)%</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Gross
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">1.7</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">%</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Minutes of use:</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">BOSS
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    <td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">1,772</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2,299</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2,926</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(527</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(22.9</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)%</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(627</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(21.4</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)%</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">IDT
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">5,702</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">6,328</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(626</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(1,392</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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  </table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">nm&#8212;not
meaningful</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Revenues.
</i>Revenues from IDT Digital Payments decreased in fiscal 2024 compared to fiscal 2023 primarily from the deterioration of a key international
corridor that was particularly impactful to revenues in the wholesale channel, however, this corridor has not been a significant factor
since the second quarter of fiscal 2024.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Revenues
and minutes of use from BOSS Revolution decreased in fiscal 2024 compared to fiscal 2023. BOSS Revolution continues to be impacted by
persistent, market-wide trends, including the proliferation of unlimited calling plans offered by wireless carriers and mobile virtual
network operators, and the increasing penetration of free and paid over-the-top voice, video conferencing, and messaging services.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Revenues
and minutes of use from IDT Global decreased in fiscal 2024 compared to fiscal 2023 as communications globally continued to transition
away from international voice calling. This trend was accelerated by the impact of COVID-19 as business communications shifted from calling
to video conferencing and other collaboration platforms. We expect that IDT Global will continue to be adversely impacted by these trends,
and minutes of use and revenues will likely continue to decline from quarter-to-quarter, as we seek to maximize economics rather than
necessarily sustain minutes of use or revenues.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Direct
Cost of Revenues.</i> Direct cost of revenues decreased in fiscal 2024 compared to fiscal 2023 primarily due to decreases in minutes
of use and revenues.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Selling,
General and Administrative.</i> Selling, general and administrative expense decreased in fiscal 2024 compared to fiscal 2023 primarily
due to decreases in sales commissions, employee compensation, and debit and credit card processing charges, partially offset by an increase
in stock-based compensation. As a percentage of Traditional Communications&#8217; revenue, Traditional Communications&#8217; selling,
general and administrative expense was 9.4%, 9.0%, and 7.9% in fiscal 2024, fiscal 2023, and fiscal 2022, respectively.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Technology
and Development</i>. Technology and development expense decreased in fiscal 2024 compared to fiscal 2023 primarily due to decreases in
depreciation and amortization expense, software license and maintenance expense, and employee compensation.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Severance
Expense.</i> Traditional Communications incurred severance expense of $1.6 million and $0.9 million in fiscal 2024 and fiscal 2023, respectively.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Other
Operating Expense, net. </i>In fiscal 2024 and fiscal 2023, Traditional Communications recorded expense of $0.2 million and $1.4 million,
respectively, for internal use software that was taken out of service. In addition, in fiscal 2023, other operating expense, net included
$3.9 million for the indemnification of one of our cable telephony customers related to patent infringement claims brought against the
customer. On May 8, 2023, we and the customer agreed to a release from the indemnification agreement in exchange for $3.9 million. Also,
in fiscal 2023, we increased the estimated fair value of acquisition-related contingent consideration by $0.2 million.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Corporate</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(in
    millions)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">%</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">%</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 23%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">General
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    <td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 7%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(10.5</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 7%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">12.2</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">%</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 7%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">1.5</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(9.7</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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  </table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">nm&#8212;not
meaningful</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Corporate
costs mainly include compensation, consulting fees, treasury, tax and accounting services, human resources, corporate purchasing, corporate
governance including Board of Directors&#8217; fees, internal and external audit, investor relations, corporate insurance, corporate
legal, and other corporate-related general and administrative expenses. Corporate does not generate any revenues, nor does it incur any
direct cost of revenues.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>General
and Administrative.</i> Corporate general and administrative expense increased in fiscal 2024 compared to fiscal 2023 primarily because
of increases in audit and accounting fees and employee compensation. As a percentage of our consolidated revenues, Corporate general
and administrative expense was 0.9%, 0.8%, and 0.6% in fiscal 2024, fiscal 2023, and fiscal 2022, respectively.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Other
Operating Expense, net.</i> As discussed in Note 23 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8 to Part II of this Annual
Report, we (as well as other defendants) were named in a class action on behalf of the stockholders of our former subsidiary Straight
Path. We incurred legal fees of $7.2 million and $5.8 million in fiscal 2024 and fiscal 2023, respectively, related to this action. Also,
we recorded offsetting gains from insurance claims for this matter of $2.9 million and $3.8 million in fiscal 2024 and fiscal 2023, respectively.
In fiscal 2024, we received the final payment from our insurance policy for these claims. On October 3, 2023, the Court of Chancery of
the State of Delaware dismissed all claims against us, and found that, contrary to the plaintiffs&#8217; allegations, the class suffered
no damages. The plaintiffs will have 30 days from entry of the final order to file an appeal.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
September 2017, we and certain of our subsidiaries were certified by the New Jersey Economic Development Authority, or NJEDA, as having
met the requirements of the Grow New Jersey Assistance Act Tax Credit Program. The program provides for credits against a corporation&#8217;s
New Jersey corporate business tax liability for maintaining a minimum number of employees in New Jersey, and that tax credits may be
sold subject to certain conditions. On June 5, 2023, we received a 2019 tax credit certificate for $1.8 million from the NJEDA. In August
2023, we sold the certificate for cash of $1.6 million.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Consolidated</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
following is a discussion of our consolidated stock-based compensation expense, and our consolidated income and expense line items below
income from operations.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Stock-Based
Compensation Expense.</i> Total stock-based compensation expense included in consolidated selling, general and administrative expense
and technology and development expense was $7.4 million and $4.5 million in fiscal 2024 and fiscal 2023, respectively. The increase in
stock-based compensation expense was primarily due to certain equity grants to Bill Pereira, our President and Chief Operating Officer,
in the second quarter of fiscal 2024, including deferred stock units, or DSUs, that, upon vesting, represent the right to receive shares
of our Class B common stock, and shares of Class B common stock of net2phone 2.0, as well as a contingent bonus subject to the completion
of certain financial milestones that may be paid, at Mr. Pereira&#8217;s option, in either shares of the Company&#8217;s Class B common
stock or cash. In fiscal 2024, two of these milestones were achieved, for which we issued to Mr. Pereira 39,155 shares of our Class B
common stock in fiscal 2024 with an issue date value of $1.5 million, and we will issue an additional 39,155 shares of our Class B common
stock in the first quarter of fiscal 2025.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
of July 31, 2024, there was $0.6 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested DSUs under our equity incentive
program adopted on November 30, 2022, which is being recognized on a graded vesting basis over the requisite service periods that end
in February 2025. On February 21, 2024, the second vesting date under the program, in accordance with the program and based on certain
elections made by grantees, we issued 53,706 shares of our Class B common stock for vested DSUs. Subject to continued full time employment
or other services to us, the remaining 147,540 DSUs are scheduled to vest on February 25, 2025.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Effective
as of June 30, 2022, restricted shares of NRS&#8217; Class B common stock were granted to certain NRS employees. The restrictions on
the shares lapse in three installments, the first was on June 1, 2024, and the others are June 1, 2026 and June 1, 2027. The estimated
fair value of the restricted shares on the grant date was $3.3 million, which is being recognized over the vesting period. As of July
31, 2024, unrecognized compensation cost related to NRS&#8217; non-vested Class B common stock was an aggregate of $1.9 million. The
unrecognized compensation cost is expected to be recognized over the remaining vesting period that ends in fiscal 2027.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(in
    millions)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2023
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Year
    ended July 31</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Interest
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">3.0</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;nm</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Other
    expense, net</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(25.4</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(4.5</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(146.9</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">22.3</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">87.8</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Benefit
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">6.4</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(16.4</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">22.8</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">138.6</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(10.5</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(179.7</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Net
    income</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">68.3</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">44.4</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">29.0</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">23.9</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">53.9</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">15.4</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">53.0</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Net
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(3.8</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">1.7</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Net
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">24.0</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">49.8</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">%</span></td></tr>
  </table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">nm&#8212;not
meaningful</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Other
Expense, net.</i> Other expense, net consists of the following:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(in
    millions)<br/> Year ended July 31</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 40%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Foreign
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Equity
    in net loss of investee</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(3.5</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(3.1</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(3.0</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Gains
    (losses) on investments</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">0.2</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(2.6</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(19.3</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Other</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(0.5</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(0.7</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(1.4</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">TOTAL</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(7.6</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(3.1</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(25.4</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</span></td></tr>
  </table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">We
have an investment in shares of convertible preferred stock of a communications company (the equity method investee, or EMI). As of July
31, 2024 and 2023, our ownership was 33.4% and 33.3%, respectively, of the EMI&#8217;s outstanding shares on an as converted basis. We
account for this investment using the equity method since we can exercise significant influence over the operating and financial policies
of the EMI but do not have a controlling interest. We determined that on the dates of the acquisitions of the EMI&#8217;s shares, there
were differences between our investment in the EMI and our proportional interest in the equity of the EMI of an aggregate of $8.2 million,
which represented the share of the EMI&#8217;s customer list on the dates of the acquisitions attributed to our interest in the EMI.
These basis differences are being amortized over the 6-year estimated life of the customer list. &#8220;Equity in the net loss of investee&#8221;
includes the amortization of equity method basis difference.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Benefit
from (Provision for) Income Taxes.</i> With our reacquisition of net2phone in March 2006, its losses were limited under IRC Section 382
to approximately $7 million per year. In fiscal 2024, we had an IRC Section 382 study conducted on the reacquisition and the limitation
was adjusted to $9 million per year. We recorded a tax benefit related to the adjusted amount of $23.6 million in fiscal 2024. The change
in income tax expense in fiscal 2024 compared to fiscal 2023, excluding the income tax benefit in fiscal 2024, was primarily due to differences
in the amount of taxable income earned in the various taxing jurisdictions.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Net
Income Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests.</i> The change in the net income attributable to noncontrolling interests in fiscal
2024 compared to fiscal 2023 was primarily due to changes in amounts attributable to the noncontrolling interests in the VIE and net2phone
2.0, partially offset by the change in the amounts attributable to the noncontrolling interests in NRS.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">LIQUIDITY
AND CAPITAL RESOURCES</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
of the date of this Annual Report, we expect our cash from operations and the balance of cash, cash equivalents, debt securities, and
current equity investments that we held on July 31, 2024 will be sufficient to meet our currently anticipated working capital and capital
expenditure requirements during fiscal 2025.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">At
July 31, 2024, we had cash, cash equivalents, debt securities, and current equity investments of $193.0 million and working capital (current
assets in excess of current liabilities) of $143.2 million.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
treat unrestricted cash and cash equivalents held by IDT Payment Services, Inc. and IDT Payment Services of New York, LLC as substantially
restricted and unavailable for other purposes. At July 31, 2024, &#8220;Cash and cash equivalents&#8221; in our consolidated balance
sheet included an aggregate of $55.9 million held by IDT Payment Services, Inc. and IDT Payment Services of New York, LLC that was unavailable
for other purposes.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Contractual
Obligations and Commitments</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
following table includes our anticipated material cash requirements from contractual obligations and other commitments at July 31, 2024:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Payments
    due by period <br/>(in millions)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Total</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Less
    than<br/> 1 year</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">1&#8212;3
    years</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">4&#8212;5
    years</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">After
    5 years</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 40%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Purchase
    commitments</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 8%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2.9</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 8%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2.6</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 8%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">0.3</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 8%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8212;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 8%; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8212;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Connectivity
    obligations under service agreements</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">1.4</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">0.7</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">0.7</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8212;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8212;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Operating
    leases including short-term leases</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">4.7</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2.7</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">1.5</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">0.4</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">0.1</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>TOTAL</b><sup>(1)</sup></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">9.0</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">6.0</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2.5</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">0.4</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">0.1</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  </table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(1)</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
    above table does not include up to $10 million for the potential redemption of shares of NRS&#8217; Class B common stock, an aggregate
    of $32.4 million in performance bonds, and up to $3.0 million for potential contingent consideration payments related to business
    acquisitions, due to the uncertainty of the amount and/or timing of any such payments.</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Consolidated
Financial Condition</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(in
    millions) <br/> Year ended July 31</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2024</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2023</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2022</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Cash
    flows provided by (used in):</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 46%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Operating
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Operating
Activities</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
cash flows from operations vary significantly from quarter to quarter and from year to year, depending on our operating results and the
timing of operating cash receipts and payments, specifically trade accounts receivable and trade accounts payable.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Gross
trade accounts receivable increased to $48.6 million at July 31, 2024 from $37.7 million at July 31, 2023 primarily due to amounts billed
in fiscal 2024 that were greater than collections during fiscal 2024, partially offset by changes in foreign currency exchange rates.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Deferred
revenue arises from sales of prepaid products and varies from period to period depending on the mix and the timing of revenues. Deferred
revenue decreased to $30.4 million at July 31, 2024 from $35.3 million at July 31, 2023 primarily due to decreases in the BOSS Revolution
and IDT Digital Payments deferred revenue balances.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Customer
deposit liabilities at IDTFS decreased to $83.0 million at July 31, 2024 from $86.5 million at July 31, 2023. Our restricted cash and
cash equivalents included $83.3 million and $87.3 million at July 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, held by the bank.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
September 2017, we and certain of our subsidiaries were certified by the NJEDA as having met the requirements of the Grow New Jersey
Assistance Act Tax Credit Program. The program provides for credits against a corporation&#8217;s New Jersey corporate business tax liability
for maintaining a minimum number of employees in New Jersey, and that tax credits may be sold subject to certain conditions. On June
5, 2023, we received a 2019 tax credit certificate for $1.8 million from the NJEDA. In August 2023, we sold the certificate for cash
of $1.6 million.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Beginning
in June 2019, as part of a commercial resolution, we indemnified one of our cable telephony customers related to patent infringement
claims brought against the customer. On May 8, 2023, we and the customer agreed to a release from the indemnification agreement in exchange
for $3.9 million, of which $1.9 million was paid on May 10, 2023, and the remainder was paid in five monthly invoice deductions of $0.4
million each.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On
June 21, 2018, the United States Supreme Court rendered a decision in South Dakota v. Wayfair, Inc., holding that a state may require
a remote seller with no physical presence in the state to collect and remit sales tax on goods and services provided to purchasers in
the state, overturning certain existing court precedent. It is possible that one or more jurisdictions may assert that we have liability
for periods for which we have not collected sales, use or other similar taxes, and if such an assertion or assertions were successful
it could materially and adversely affect our business, financial position, and operating results. One or more jurisdictions may change
their laws or policies to apply their sales, use or other similar taxes to our operations, and if such changes were made it could materially
and adversely affect our business, financial position, and operating results.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
discussed in Note 23 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8 to Part II of this Annual Report, we (as well as other
defendants) were named in a class action on behalf of the stockholders of our former subsidiary Straight Path. On October 3, 2023, the
Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware dismissed all claims against us, and found that, contrary to the plaintiffs&#8217; allegations,
the class suffered no damages. The plaintiffs will have 30 days from entry of the final order to file an appeal.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Investing
Activities</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
capital expenditures were $18.9 million in fiscal 2024 and $22.0 million in fiscal 2023. We currently anticipate that total capital expenditures
in fiscal 2025 will be $18 million to $20 million. We expect to fund our capital expenditures with our net cash provided by operating
activities and cash, cash equivalents, debt securities, and current equity investments on hand.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
fiscal 2024 and fiscal 2023, each of the EMI&#8217;s shareholders including us agreed to purchase additional shares of the EMI&#8217;s
convertible preferred stock. In fiscal 2024 and fiscal 2023, we paid an aggregate of $2.0 million and $0.8 million, respectively, to
purchase the additional shares. On April 6, 2023, in accordance with an Agreement and Plan of Merger dated as of April 5, 2023, the EMI
merged with and into its subsidiary, with the subsidiary being the surviving corporation. Effective with the merger, among other things,
the notes receivable from the EMI that we held with an aggregate principal and accrued interest of $4.0 million were converted into shares
of the EMI&#8217;s convertible preferred stock.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
of August 22, 2024, the EMI&#8217;s shareholders including us agreed to purchase additional shares of the EMI&#8217;s convertible preferred
stock. We subscribed to purchase additional shares through January 2025 for an aggregate of $0.9 million. In August 2024, we paid $0.4
million to purchase additional shares.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Purchases
of debt securities and equity investments were $29.9 million and $59.9 million in fiscal 2024 and fiscal 2023, respectively. Proceeds
from maturities and sales of debt securities and redemptions of equity investments were $50.1 million and $49.2 million in fiscal 2024
and fiscal 2023, respectively.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Financing
Activities</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
March 2024, our Board of Directors initiated a quarterly cash dividend of $0.05 per share on our Class A and Class B common stock. In
fiscal 2024, we paid aggregate cash dividends of $2.5 million on our Class A and Class B common stock. In September 2024, our Board of
Directors declared a dividend of $0.05 per share to holders of our Class A and Class B common stock. The dividend was paid on October
7, 2024 to stockholders of record as of the close of business on September 30, 2024.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
distributed cash of $0.1 million and $0.3 million in fiscal 2024 and fiscal 2023, respectively, to the noncontrolling interests in certain
of our subsidiaries.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
fiscal 2023, we received proceeds from notes payable of $0.3 million, and we repaid notes payable of $2.0 million.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
subsidiary, IDT Telecom, Inc., or IDT Telecom, entered into a credit agreement, dated as of May 17, 2021, with TD Bank, N.A. for a revolving
credit facility for up to a maximum principal amount of $25.0 million. As of July 15, 2024 and July 28, 2023, IDT Telecom and TD Bank,
N.A. amended certain terms of the credit agreement. IDT Telecom may use the proceeds to finance working capital requirements and for
certain closing costs of the facility. At July 31, 2024 and 2023, there were no amounts outstanding under this facility. In fiscal 2024
and fiscal 2023, IDT Telecom borrowed and repaid an aggregate of $32.9 million and $27.4 million, respectively, under the facility. The
revolving credit facility is secured by primarily all of IDT Telecom&#8217;s assets. The principal outstanding bears interest per annum
at the secured overnight financing rate published by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York plus 10 basis points, plus depending upon IDT
Telecom&#8217;s leverage ratio as computed for the most recent fiscal quarter, 125 to 175 basis points. Interest is payable monthly,
and all outstanding principal and any accrued and unpaid interest is due on May 16, 2026. IDT Telecom pays a quarterly unused commitment
fee of 10 basis points on the average daily balance of the unused portion of the $25.0 million commitment. IDT Telecom is required to
comply with various affirmative and negative covenants as well as maintain certain targets based on financial ratios during the term
of the revolving credit facility. As of July 31, 2024, IDT Telecom was in compliance with all of the covenants.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
the first quarter of fiscal 2025 through October 7, 2024, IDT Telecom borrowed and repaid an aggregate of $14.2 million under the facility.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
January 2024, the restrictions lapsed on the 0.5 million restricted shares of net2phone 2.0 Class B common stock that were granted in
December 2020 to each of Howard S. Jonas and Shmuel Jonas, our Chief Executive Officer, and Bill Pereira was granted 50,000 shares of
net2phone 2.0 Class B common stock. We repurchased a portion of these shares representing an aggregate of 4.5% of the outstanding shares
of net2phone 2.0 with an aggregate fair value of $3.6 million to satisfy the grantees&#8217; tax withholding obligations in connection
with the lapsing of restrictions on restricted stock or the grant of shares. In addition, in connection with the vesting of restricted
shares of NRS Class B common stock on June 1, 2024, we repurchased a portion of the shares representing an aggregate of 0.17% of the
outstanding shares of NRS with an aggregate fair value of $0.6 million to satisfy the grantees&#8217; tax withholding obligations in
connection with the lapsing of restrictions on restricted stock.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
each of fiscal 2024 and fiscal 2023, we received cash from the exercise of stock options of $0.2 million for which we issued 12,500 shares
of our Class B common stock in each of the periods.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
have an existing stock repurchase program authorized by our Board of Directors for the repurchase of shares of our Class B common stock.
The Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to 8.0 million shares in the aggregate. In fiscal 2024, we repurchased 298,421
shares of Class B common stock for an aggregate purchase price of $9.1 million, and in fiscal 2023, we repurchased 511,546 shares of
Class B common stock for an aggregate purchase price of $13.1 million. At July 31, 2024, 4.4 million shares remained available for repurchase
under the stock repurchase program.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
the first quarter of fiscal 2025 through October 7, 2024, we repurchased 37,714 shares of our Class B common stock for an aggregate purchase
price of $1.3 million.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
fiscal 2024 and fiscal 2023, we paid $1.5 million and $0.8 million, respectively, to repurchase 41,994 and 28,227 shares, respectively,
of our Class B common stock that were tendered by employees of ours to satisfy the employees&#8217; tax withholding obligations in connection
with the vesting of DSUs, the lapsing of restrictions on restricted stock shares, and shares issued for bonus payments. Such shares were
repurchased by us based on their fair market value as of the close of business on the trading day immediately prior to the vesting date.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
June 2024, we exchanged an aggregate of 12,267 shares of our Class B common stock with a value of $0.4 million for shares of NRS&#8217;
Class B common stock that were held by employees of NRS representing an aggregate of 0.09% of NRS&#8217; outstanding shares. In January
2024, we exchanged an aggregate of 192,433 shares of our Class B common stock with a value of $6.3 million for shares of NRS&#8217; Class
B common stock that were held by management employees of NRS representing an aggregate of 1.25% of NRS&#8217; outstanding shares.</span></p>

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<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Other
Sources and Uses of Resources</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
are considering spin-offs and other potential dispositions of certain of our subsidiaries. Some of the transactions under consideration
are in early stages and others are more advanced. A spin-off may include the contribution of a significant amount of cash, cash equivalents,
debt securities, and/or equity securities to the subsidiary prior to the spin-off, which would reduce our capital resources. There is
no assurance that any of these transactions will be completed.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
intend to, where appropriate, make strategic investments and acquisitions to complement, expand, and/or enter into new businesses. In
considering acquisitions and investments, we search for opportunities to profitably grow our existing businesses and/or to add qualitatively
to the range and diversification of businesses in our portfolio. We cannot guarantee that we will be presented with acquisition opportunities
that meet our return-on-investment criteria, or that our efforts to make acquisitions that meet our criteria will be successful.</span></p>

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<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="h_013"></span>Item
7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risks.</span></p>

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<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Foreign
Currency Risk</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Revenues
from our international operations were 23%, 28%, and 29% of our consolidated revenues in fiscal 2024, fiscal 2023, and fiscal 2022, respectively.
A significant portion of our revenues is in currencies other than the U.S. Dollar. Our foreign currency exchange risk is somewhat mitigated
by our ability to offset a portion of these non-U.S. Dollar-denominated revenues with operating expenses that are paid in the same currencies.
While the impact from fluctuations in foreign exchange rates affects our revenues and expenses denominated in foreign currencies, the
net amount of our exposure to foreign currency exchange rate changes at the end of each reporting period is generally not material.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Investment
Risk</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
hold a portion of our assets in debt and equity securities, including hedge funds, for strategic and speculative purposes. At July 31,
2024 and 2023, the value of our debt and equity security holdings was an aggregate of $35.0 million and $58.5 million, respectively,
which represented 6% and 11% of our total assets at July 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Investments in debt and equity securities carry
a degree of risk and depend to a great extent on correct assessments of the future course of price movements of securities and other
instruments. There can be no assurance that our investment managers will be able to accurately predict these price movements. The securities
markets have in recent years been characterized by great volatility and unpredictability. Accordingly, the value of our investments may
go down as well as up and we may not receive the amounts originally invested upon redemption.</span></p>

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<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="h_014"></span>Item
8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Consolidated Financial Statements of the Company and the report of the independent registered public accounting firm thereon starting
on page F-1 are included herein.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="h_015"></span>Item
9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure.</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">None.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="h_016"></span>Item
9A. Controls and Procedures.</span></p>

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<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Evaluation
of Disclosure Controls and Procedures</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined
in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended), as of the end of the period covered by this Annual
Report on Form 10-K. Based on this evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that our disclosure
controls and procedures were effective as of July 31, 2024.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Report
of Management on Internal Control over Financial Reporting</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We,
the management of IDT Corporation and subsidiaries (the &#8220;Company&#8221;), are responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate
internal control over financial reporting of the Company.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company&#8217;s internal control over financial reporting is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) promulgated under the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934 as a process designed by, or under the supervision of, the Company&#8217;s principal executive and principal financial
officers and effected by the Company&#8217;s board of directors, management and other personnel, to provide reasonable assurance regarding
the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of the Company&#8217;s financial statements for external purposes in accordance
with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States and includes those policies and procedures that:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
  <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1.</span></td>
  <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Pertain
  to the maintenance of records that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of assets of
  the Company;</span></td></tr>

<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
  <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
  <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
  <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.</span></td>
  <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Provide
  reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally
  accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the Company are being made only in accordance with authorizations
  of management and directors of the Company; and</span></td></tr>

<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
  <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
  <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
  <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3.</span></td>
  <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Provide
  reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the Company&#8217;s
  assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.</span></td></tr>
</table>


<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Management
has assessed the effectiveness of the Company&#8217;s internal control over financial reporting as of July 31, 2024. In making this assessment,
the Company&#8217;s management used the criteria established in <i>Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013)</i> issued by the Committee
of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (&#8220;COSO&#8221;).</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Under
the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer,
we conducted an evaluation of our internal control over financial reporting, as prescribed above, as of July 31, 2024. Based on our evaluation,
our principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded that the Company&#8217;s internal control over financial reporting
as of July 31, 2024 was effective based on the criteria established in the <i>Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013)</i> issued
by COSO.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Because
of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Projections of any evaluation
of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that
the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Grant
Thornton, LLP has provided an attestation report on the Company&#8217;s internal control over financial reporting as of July 31, 2024.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Changes
in Internal Control over Financial Reporting</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">There
were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2024 that have materially affected,
or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


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<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">REPORT
OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Board
of Directors and Stockholders</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">IDT
Corporation</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Opinion
on internal control over financial reporting</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
have audited the internal control over financial reporting of IDT Corporation (a Delaware corporation) and subsidiaries (the &#8220;Company&#8221;)
as of July 31, 2024, based on criteria established in the 2013 <i>Internal Control&#8212;Integrated Framework</i> issued by the Committee
of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (&#8220;COSO&#8221;). In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material
respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of July 31, 2024, based on criteria established in the 2013 <i>Internal
Control&#8212;Integrated Framework</i> issued by COSO.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (&#8220;PCAOB&#8221;),
the consolidated financial statements of the Company as of and for the year ended July 31, 2024, and our report dated October 15, 2024
expressed an unqualified opinion on those financial statements.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Basis
for opinion</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company&#8217;s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment
of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Report of Management on Internal
Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company&#8217;s internal control over financial
reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect
to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange
Commission and the PCAOB.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain
reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit
included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists,
testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other
procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Definition
and limitations of internal control over financial reporting</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">A
company&#8217;s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability
of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting
principles. A company&#8217;s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the
maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the
company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in
accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance
with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection
of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company&#8217;s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Because
of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of
any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions,
or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>/s/
GRANT THORNTON LLP</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">New
York, New York</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">October
15, 2024</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="h_017"></span>Item
9B. Other Information.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_904_ecustom--NoInsiderTradingFlag_dbT_c20230801__20240731_z0Lm3WlNSkyi" title="No insider trading flag" class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIEluc2lkZXIgVHJhZGluZyBBcnJhbmdlbWVudHMA"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" format="ixt:booleantrue" id="Fact000047" name="IDT:NoInsiderTradingFlag">None</ix:nonNumeric></span>.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="h_018"></span>Item
9C. Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Not
applicable.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="h_019"></span>Part
III</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="h_020"></span>Item
10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance.</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
following is a list of our directors and executive officers along with the specific information required by Rule 14a-3 of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934:</span></p>

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<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Executive
Officers</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Shmuel
Jonas&#8212;Chief Executive Officer</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Howard
S. Jonas&#8212;Chairman</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Marcelo
Fischer&#8212;Chief Financial Officer</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Bill
Pereira&#8212;President and Chief Operating Officer</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Mitch
Silberman&#8212;Chief Accounting Officer and Controller</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Joyce
J. Mason&#8212;Executive Vice President, General Counsel and Corporate Secretary</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Menachem
Ash&#8212;Executive Vice President of Strategy and Legal Affairs</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Nadine
Shea &#8211; Executive Vice President of Global Human Resources</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">David
Wartell &#8212;Chief Technology Officer</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Directors</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Howard
S. Jonas&#8212;Chairman of the Board</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Elaine
Yatzkan &#8212;Member of the Board</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Michael
Chenkin&#8212;Certified Public Accountant; previously worked in the Audit Department of Coopers and Lybrand and as a consultant to the
securities industry</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Eric
F. Cosentino&#8212;Former Rector of the Episcopal Church of the Divine Love, Montrose, New York</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Judah
Schorr&#8212;Founder of Judah Schorr MD PC, an anesthesia provider to hospitals, ambulatory surgery centers and medical offices, and
has been its President and owner since its inception</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Bill
Pereira &#8211; Ex Officio (non-voting) member of the Board</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
remaining information required by this Item will be contained in our Proxy Statement for our Annual Stockholders Meeting, which will
be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days after July 31, 2024, and which is incorporated by reference herein.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Corporate
Governance</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
have included as exhibits to this Annual Report on Form 10-K certificates of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer
certifying the quality of our public disclosure.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
make available free of charge through the investor relations page of our web site (www.idt.net/ir) our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly
Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K and all amendments to those reports, and all beneficial ownership reports on Forms
3, 4, and 5 filed by directors, officers and beneficial owners of more than 10% of our equity, as soon as reasonably practicable after
such reports are electronically filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. We have adopted codes of business conduct and ethics
for all of our employees, including our principal executive officer, principal financial officer and principal accounting officer. Copies
of the codes of business conduct and ethics are available on our web site.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
web site and the information contained therein or incorporated therein are not intended to be incorporated into this Annual Report on
Form 10-K or our other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="h_021"></span>Item
11. Executive Compensation.</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
information required by this Item will be contained in our Proxy Statement for our Annual Stockholders Meeting, which will be filed with
the Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days after July 31, 2024, and which is incorporated by reference herein.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="h_022"></span>Item
12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters.</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
information required by this Item will be contained in our Proxy Statement for our Annual Stockholders Meeting, which will be filed with
the Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days after July 31, 2024, and which is incorporated by reference herein.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="h_023"></span>Item
13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence.</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
information required by this Item will be contained in our Proxy Statement for our Annual Stockholders Meeting, which will be filed with
the Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days after July 31, 2024, and which is incorporated by reference herein.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="h_024"></span>Item
14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services.</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
information required by this Item will be contained in our Proxy Statement for our Annual Stockholders Meeting, which will be filed with
the Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days after July 31, 2024, and which is incorporated by reference herein.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="h_025"></span>Part
IV</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="h_026"></span>Item
15. Exhibit and Financial Statement Schedules.</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a)</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
    following documents are filed as part of this Report:</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1.</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Report
    of Management on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Report
    of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Report
    of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm on Consolidated Financial Statements</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;Consolidated
    Financial Statements covered by Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Financial
    Statement Schedule.</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">All
    schedules have been omitted since they are either included in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements or not required or not
    applicable.</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3.</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Exhibits.
    Exhibit Numbers 10.01, 10.02 and 10.03 are management contracts or compensatory plans or arrangements.</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
    exhibits listed in paragraph (b) of this Item are filed, furnished, or incorporated by reference as part of this</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Form
    10-K.</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Certain
    of the agreements filed as exhibits to this Form 10-K contain representations and warranties by the parties to the agreements that
    have been made solely for the benefit of the parties to the agreement. These representations and warranties:</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#9632;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">may
    have been qualified by disclosures that were made to the other parties in connection with the negotiation of the agreements, which
    disclosures are not necessarily reflected in the agreements;</span></td>
    </tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    </tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#9632;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">may
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    </tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#9632;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">were
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  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Accordingly,
these representations and warranties may not describe the actual state of affairs as of the date that these representations and warranties
were made or at any other time. Investors should not rely on them as statements of fact.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b)
Exhibits.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; width: 0.75in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Exhibit<br/>
    Number</span></td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Description
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    </tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1005731/000121390011001824/f8k040411ex3i_idt.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Third Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Registrant.</span></a></td>
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    </tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1005731/000121390020044093/ea132026ex10-01_idtcorp.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit">Fifth Amended and Restated Employment Agreement, dated December 16, 2020, between the Registrant and Howard S. Jonas</a>.</span></td>
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1005731/000149315223037393/ex4-1.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit">2015 Stock Option and Incentive Plan, as amended and restated, of IDT Corporation.</a></span></td>
    </tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    </tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.03(6)</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1005731/000149315223046390/ex10-01.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit">Amended and Restated Agreement, dated December 21, 2023, between IDT Corporation and Bill Pereira</a>.</span></td>
    </tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    </tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">21.01*</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="ex21-01.htm">Subsidiaries of the Registrant.</a></span></td>
    </tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">23.01*</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><a href="ex23-01.htm">Consent of Grant Thornton, LLP</a></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">31.01*</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><a href="ex31-01.htm">Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.</a></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td></tr>

<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.75in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">31.02*</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="ex31-02.htm">Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.</a></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">32.01*</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="ex32-01.htm">Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.</a></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">32.02*</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="ex32-02.htm">Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.</a></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">97*</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="ex97.htm">Compensation Clawback Policy.</a></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">101.SCH*</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Inline
    XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">101.CAL*</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Inline
    XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">101.DEF*</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Inline
    XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">101.LAB*</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Inline
    XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Inline
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">104</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Cover
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  </table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"></p>



<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"></p>

<!-- Field: Rule-Page --><div style="width: 25%"><div style="border-top: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 1pt">&#160;</div></div><!-- Field: /Rule-Page -->

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">*
filed herewith.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(1)</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(2)</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(3)</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(4)</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(5)</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated
    by reference to Form S-8, filed October 16, 2023.</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(6)</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated
    by reference to Form 8-K, filed December 28, 2023.</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="h_027"></span>Item
16. Form 10-K Summary.</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">None.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="h_028"></span>Signatures</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Pursuant
to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this Annual Report
on Form 10-K to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 60%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 3%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 37%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
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    Shmuel Jonas</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b>Chief
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Date:
October 15, 2024</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Pursuant
to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this Annual Report on Form 10-K has been signed by the following persons
on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">/s/
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">/s/
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Chief
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">/s/
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
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    15, 2024</span></td>
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Michael
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    </tr>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: center"></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">IDT
Corporation</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Index
to Consolidated Financial Statements</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; width: 94%; padding-left: 8.65pt; text-indent: -8.65pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="#sk_001">Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm </a>(PCAOB ID <span id="xdx_900_edei--AuditorFirmId_c20230801__20240731_zfQtXHbi9fO4"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" id="Fact000048" name="dei:AuditorFirmId">248</ix:nonNumeric></span>)</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; vertical-align: bottom; width: 6%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">F-2</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; padding-left: 8.65pt; text-indent: -8.65pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; vertical-align: bottom">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 8.65pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -8.65pt"></p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 8.65pt; text-indent: -8.65pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="#sk_002">Consolidated Balance Sheets as of July 31, 2024 and 2023</a></span></p></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">F-3</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; padding-left: 8.65pt; text-indent: -8.65pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; padding-left: 8.65pt; text-indent: -8.65pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="#sk_003">Consolidated Statements of Income for the years ended July 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022</a></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">F-4</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; padding-left: 8.65pt; text-indent: -8.65pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; padding-left: 8.65pt; text-indent: -8.65pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="#sk_004">Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the years ended July 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022</a></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">F-5</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White">
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">F-6</span></td></tr>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; padding-left: 8.65pt; text-indent: -8.65pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="#sk_006">Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended July 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022</a></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">F-7</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; padding-left: 8.65pt; text-indent: -8.65pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; padding-left: 8.65pt; text-indent: -8.65pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="#sk_007">Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements</a></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">F-8</span></td></tr>
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<p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&#160;</p>

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<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="sk_001"></span>REPORT
OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Board
of Directors and Stockholders</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">IDT
Corporation</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Opinion
on the financial statements</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p id="xdx_98E_edei--AuditorOpinionTextBlock_c20230801__20240731_gBFAOTB-Y_zXoIcmTQea93" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" continuedAt="ConU000050-01" escape="true" id="Fact000050" name="dei:AuditorOpinionTextBlock"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of IDT Corporation (a Delaware corporation) and subsidiaries (the &#8220;Company&#8221;)
as of July 31, 2024 and 2023, the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, equity, and cash flows for each of
the three years in the period ended July 31, 2024, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the &#8220;financial statements&#8221;).
In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of July 31,
2024 and 2023, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended July 31, 2024, in
conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.</span></ix:nonNumeric></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify; color: fuchsia"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<div><div id="xdx_C07_gBFAOTB-Y_zyxJalffTpp7"><ix:continuation id="ConU000050-01"><div><div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (&#8220;PCAOB&#8221;),
the Company&#8217;s internal control over financial reporting as of July 31, 2024, based on criteria established in the 2013 <i>Internal
Control&#8212;Integrated Framework</i> issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (&#8220;COSO&#8221;),
and our report dated October 15, 2024 expressed an unqualified opinion.</span></p>

</div></div></ix:continuation></div></div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Basis
for opinion</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">These
financial statements are the responsibility of the Company&#8217;s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company&#8217;s
financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent
with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities
and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain
reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits
included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud,
and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts
and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates
made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a
reasonable basis for our opinion.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Critical
audit matters</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Critical
audit matters are matters arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that were communicated or required to be
communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and
(2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. We determined that there are no critical audit matters.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">/s/
<span id="xdx_90F_edei--AuditorName_c20230801__20240731_zKzM8BT9UR31"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" id="Fact000051" name="dei:AuditorName">GRANT THORNTON LLP</ix:nonNumeric></span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
have served as the Company&#8217;s auditor since 2020.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_90D_edei--AuditorLocation_c20230801__20240731_z9T8mcXueCfj"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" id="Fact000052" name="dei:AuditorLocation">New
York, New York</ix:nonNumeric></span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">October
15, 2024</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">IDT
CORPORATION</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

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BALANCE SHEETS</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

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  <tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset_i01I_maAzSOE_z1E18QjgeXie" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr id="xdx_40C_eus-gaap--OtherAssetsNoncurrent_i01I_maAzSOE_zB9wSg9Bk1Qe" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Other assets</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr id="xdx_406_eus-gaap--Assets_i01TI_mtAzSOE_zZSnCjCTWGEb" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr id="xdx_409_eus-gaap--LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquityAbstract_iB_zBfOt0MfC2El" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr id="xdx_40C_eus-gaap--LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract_i01B_zxEeIE6LMYFc" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--AccountsPayableCurrent_i02I_maLCzBfX_zaDucwpPvGC6" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr id="xdx_406_eus-gaap--AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent_i02I_maLCzBfX_zd1KX2Zkdyb5" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr id="xdx_409_eus-gaap--ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent_i02I_maLCzBfX_zn72OfEMe1nk" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr id="xdx_409_eus-gaap--DepositLiabilityCurrent_i02I_maLCzBfX_zh5I6QLN2606" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr id="xdx_40A_eus-gaap--SettlementLiabilitiesCurrent_i02I_maLCzBfX_zaTj6vUfyOm8" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 20pt; text-align: left">Settlement liabilities</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
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  <tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--OtherLiabilitiesCurrent_i02I_maLCzBfX_zbupvBQWBKkk" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr id="xdx_405_eus-gaap--LiabilitiesCurrent_i02TI_mtLCzBfX_maLzPYF_z2WUszfLQ7sa" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr id="xdx_409_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent_i01I_maLzPYF_zLOOW5OqqHqh" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Operating lease liabilities</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31" id="Fact000149" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">1,533</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
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  <tr id="xdx_40B_eus-gaap--OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent_i01I_maLzPYF_zd8njdYkk4mi" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Other liabilities</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31" id="Fact000152" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">2,662</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr id="xdx_404_eus-gaap--Liabilities_i01TI_mtLzPYF_maLASEz7ql_zxYPrJuN4ad8" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">TOTAL LIABILITIES</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:Liabilities" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31" id="Fact000155" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">283,539</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
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  <tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--CommitmentsAndContingencies_i01I_maLASEz7ql_z1rEFPrhM6e6" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">Commitments and contingencies</td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--EquityAbstract_i01B_z9AL7xkeA1x8" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-weight: bold">EQUITY:</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_403_eus-gaap--StockholdersEquityAbstract_i02B" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">IDT Corporation stockholders&#8217; equity:</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr id="xdx_403_eus-gaap--PreferredStockValue_i03I_pn3n3_maSEzyns_zZo8L50HYdi7" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr id="xdx_404_eus-gaap--CommonStockValue_i03I_hus-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassAMember_z7ubjAohKOM" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--CommonStockValue_i03I_pn3n3_hus-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_z0AlF6SFxUK1" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr id="xdx_40B_eus-gaap--CommonStockValue_i03I_pn3n3_maSEzyns_zHm6aIkh8556" style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 20pt; text-align: left">Common stock, value</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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  <tr id="xdx_406_eus-gaap--TreasuryStockValue_i03NI_di_msSEzyns_zZ6ZumIOxov8" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_i03I_maSEzyns_zgBcmvqolii9" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Noncontrolling interests</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr id="xdx_406_eus-gaap--StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest_i02TI_mtSEIPAzT1z_maLASEz7ql_zilvcDBpDhbe" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">See
accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center">&#160;</p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">IDT
CORPORATION</span></p>




<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="sk_003"></span>CONSOLIDATED
STATEMENTS OF INCOME</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

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    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">NET INCOME ATTRIBUTABLE TO IDT CORPORATION</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--EarningsPerShareAbstract_iB" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">Earnings per share attributable to IDT Corporation common stockholders:</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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    <td style="padding-left: 20pt; padding-bottom: 1pt">Basic</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_404_eus-gaap--WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasicAbstract_iB" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td>Weighted-average number of shares used in calculation of earnings per share:</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding" contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31" id="Fact000348" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="Shares">26,356</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 20pt; text-align: left">(i) Stock-based compensation included in:</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 20pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Selling, general and administrative expense</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensation_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--IncomeStatementLocationAxis__us-gaap--SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpensesMember_fKGkp_zebuKW55Bhhc" title="Stock-based compensation" class="xdx_phnt_U3RhdGVtZW50IC0gQ29uc29saWRhdGVkIFN0YXRlbWVudHMgb2YgSW5jb21lIChQYXJlbnRoZXRpY2FsKQA_"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensation" contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_us-gaap_SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpensesMember" id="Fact000350" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">7,015</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensation_c20220801__20230731__us-gaap--IncomeStatementLocationAxis__us-gaap--SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpensesMember_fKGkp_zOPQKrxjIYCa" title="Stock-based compensation" class="xdx_phnt_U3RhdGVtZW50IC0gQ29uc29saWRhdGVkIFN0YXRlbWVudHMgb2YgSW5jb21lIChQYXJlbnRoZXRpY2FsKQA_"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensation" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31_us-gaap_SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpensesMember" id="Fact000352" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">3,913</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; display: none; width: 100%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">
<tr style="vertical-align: top">
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">See
accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center">&#160;</p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"></p>




<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">IDT
CORPORATION</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="sk_004"></span>CONSOLIDATED
STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">See
accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


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<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">IDT
CORPORATION</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="sk_005"></span>CONSOLIDATED
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<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" id="xdx_30D_114_pn3n3_zAw18q01PpJi" summary="xdx: Statement - Consolidated Statements of Equity" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
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  <tr id="xdx_40B_ecustom--StockIssuedToRelatedPartyDuringPeriodValueStockOptionsExercised_pn3n3_zYdWvKe5SwAe" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">Exercise of stock options by Howard S. Jonas</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#8212;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0408">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="IDT:StockIssuedToRelatedPartyDuringPeriodValueStockOptionsExercised" contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31_us-gaap_CommonStockMember_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember" id="Fact000409" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">10</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0412">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0413">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0414">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueStockOptionsExercised_zqVNeSCDARlg" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt">Exercise of stock options</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#8212;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#8212;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr id="xdx_404_ecustom--TreasuryStockValueRestrictedCommonStockPurchasedFromEmployees_pn3n3_zstb8UIWYUg1" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0439">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#8212;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0441">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0443">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0462">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0463">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0464">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--MinorityInterestDecreaseFromDistributionsToNoncontrollingInterestHolders_iN_pn3n3_di_zzynz5Tu9Uwf" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0470">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#8212;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0471">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0472">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0473">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0474">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0475">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr id="xdx_40B_eus-gaap--OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_pn3n3_zB1aA61kAJO4" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0479">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#8212;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0480">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0481">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0482">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0484">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0485">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0488">&#8212;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">&#8212;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0489">&#8212;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0490">&#8212;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0491">&#8212;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0492">&#8212;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="IDT:NetIncomeLossIncludingPortionAttributableToRedeemableNonControllingInterestAndNonControllingInterestInSubsidiaries" contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31_us-gaap_RetainedEarningsMember" id="Fact000493" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">27,028</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="IDT:NetIncomeLossIncludingPortionAttributableToRedeemableNonControllingInterestAndNonControllingInterestInSubsidiaries" contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31_us-gaap_NoncontrollingInterestMember" id="Fact000494" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">1,786</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="padding-left: 10pt">Exercise of stock options</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0510">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0511">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueStockOptionsExercised" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31_us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember" id="Fact000512" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">172</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0513">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0514">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0515">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0516">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueStockOptionsExercised" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31" id="Fact000517" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">172</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_406_ecustom--TreasuryStockValueRepurchasesOfCommonStockThroughRepurchaseProgram_pn3n3_zlpk8voGBJU8" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">Repurchases of Class B common stock through repurchase program</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#8212;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0521">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#8212;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0522">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0523">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="IDT:TreasuryStockValueRepurchasesOfCommonStockThroughRepurchaseProgram" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31_us-gaap_TreasuryStockCommonMember" id="Fact000524" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD">13,082</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0525">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0526">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0527">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="IDT:TreasuryStockValueRepurchasesOfCommonStockThroughRepurchaseProgram" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31" id="Fact000528" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD">13,082</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_404_ecustom--TreasuryStockValueRestrictedCommonStockPurchasedFromEmployees_pn3n3_zKMHK6aqzz52" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">Restricted Class B common stock purchased from employees</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#8212;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0530">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#8212;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0531">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0532">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="IDT:TreasuryStockValueRestrictedCommonStockPurchasedFromEmployees" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31_us-gaap_TreasuryStockCommonMember" id="Fact000533" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD">814</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0534">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0535">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0536">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="IDT:TreasuryStockValueRestrictedCommonStockPurchasedFromEmployees" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31" id="Fact000537" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD">814</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalOther_zZNNBamZUhYk" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">Stock issued to certain executive officers for bonus payments</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#8212;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0539">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalOther" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31_us-gaap_CommonStockMember_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember" id="Fact000540" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">1</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalOther" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31_us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember" id="Fact000541" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">614</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0542">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0543">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0544">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0545">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalOther" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31" id="Fact000546" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">615</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40B_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueAcquisitions_zIy9BAAaOzfh" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">Business acquisition</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#8212;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0550">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesAcquisitions_pn3n3_c20220801__20230731__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--CommonStockMember__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_zG24ISssQgv4" title="Business acquisition, shares" style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesAcquisitions" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31_us-gaap_CommonStockMember_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember" id="Fact000559" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="Shares">3</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0551">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueAcquisitions" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31_us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember" id="Fact000552" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">100</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0553">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0554">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0555">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0556">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueAcquisitions" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31" id="Fact000557" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">100</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">Stock-based compensation</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#8212;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0561">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesShareBasedCompensation_pn3n3_c20220801__20230731__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--CommonStockMember__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_zihlV3T5PQ8h" title="Stock-based compensation, shares" style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesShareBasedCompensation" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31_us-gaap_CommonStockMember_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember" id="Fact000570" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="Shares">85</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationRequisiteServicePeriodRecognitionValue" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31_us-gaap_CommonStockMember_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember" id="Fact000562" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">1</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationRequisiteServicePeriodRecognitionValue" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31_us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember" id="Fact000563" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">4,517</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0564">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0565">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0566">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0567">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationRequisiteServicePeriodRecognitionValue" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31" id="Fact000568" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">4,518</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--MinorityInterestDecreaseFromDistributionsToNoncontrollingInterestHolders_iN_di_z4SUls8BsJjj" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">Distributions to noncontrolling interests</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#8212;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0627">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0628">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0629">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DividendsCommonStock" contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_us-gaap_RetainedEarningsMember" id="Fact000630" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">2,536</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0631">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DividendsCommonStock" contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" id="Fact000632" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">2,536</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40A_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueStockOptionsExercised_pn3n3_z6AV83VL0hEi" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt">Exercise of stock options</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#8212;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0636">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--CommonStockMember__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_zyTezBAfj29g" title="Exercise of stock options, shares" style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised" contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_us-gaap_CommonStockMember_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember" id="Fact000645" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="Shares">13</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0637">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueStockOptionsExercised" contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember" id="Fact000638" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">172</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0639">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0640">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0641">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0642">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueStockOptionsExercised" contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" id="Fact000643" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">172</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_406_ecustom--TreasuryStockValueRepurchasesOfCommonStockThroughRepurchaseProgram_pn3n3_zTNuzwfhG3ub" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">Repurchases of Class B common stock through repurchase program</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#8212;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0647">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#8212;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0648">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0649">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="IDT:TreasuryStockValueRepurchasesOfCommonStockThroughRepurchaseProgram" contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_us-gaap_TreasuryStockCommonMember" id="Fact000650" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD">9,087</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0651">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0652">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0653">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="IDT:TreasuryStockValueRepurchasesOfCommonStockThroughRepurchaseProgram" contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" id="Fact000654" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD">9,087</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_404_ecustom--TreasuryStockValueRestrictedCommonStockPurchasedFromEmployees_pn3n3_zkopxZnhDd6c" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">Restricted Class B common stock purchased from employees</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#8212;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0656">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#8212;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0657">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0658">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="IDT:TreasuryStockValueRestrictedCommonStockPurchasedFromEmployees" contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_us-gaap_TreasuryStockCommonMember" id="Fact000659" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD">1,532</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0660">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0661">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0662">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="IDT:TreasuryStockValueRestrictedCommonStockPurchasedFromEmployees" contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" id="Fact000663" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD">1,532</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40E_ecustom--ValueRestrictedSubsidiaryCommonStockPurchasedFromEmployees_pn3n3_zHG9PCweB1j4" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">Restricted net2phone and National Retail Solutions common stock purchased from employees</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#8212;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0665">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#8212;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0666">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="IDT:ValueRestrictedSubsidiaryCommonStockPurchasedFromEmployees" contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember" id="Fact000667" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD">4,163</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0668">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0669">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0670">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="IDT:ValueRestrictedSubsidiaryCommonStockPurchasedFromEmployees" contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_us-gaap_NoncontrollingInterestMember" id="Fact000671" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">32</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="IDT:ValueRestrictedSubsidiaryCommonStockPurchasedFromEmployees" contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" id="Fact000672" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD">4,131</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_405_ecustom--StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueExchangeOfSubsidiarySharesForCommonStock_pn3n3_zOLySqGv3SPb" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">Exchange of National Retail Solutions shares for Class B common stock</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#8212;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0674">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_983_ecustom--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesExchangeOfSubsidiarySharesForCommonStock_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--CommonStockMember__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_zMHvYtQrZBa1" title="Exchange of National Retail Solutions shares for Class B common stock, shares" style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="IDT:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesExchangeOfSubsidiarySharesForCommonStock" contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_us-gaap_CommonStockMember_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember" id="Fact000683" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">205</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="IDT:StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueExchangeOfSubsidiarySharesForCommonStock" contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_us-gaap_CommonStockMember_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember" id="Fact000675" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">2</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="IDT:StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueExchangeOfSubsidiarySharesForCommonStock" contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember" id="Fact000676" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">94</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0677">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0678">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0679">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="IDT:StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueExchangeOfSubsidiarySharesForCommonStock" contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_us-gaap_NoncontrollingInterestMember" id="Fact000680" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD">96</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0681">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalOther_pn3n3_zrACeS16eht6" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">Stock issued/to be issued to an executive officer for bonus payment</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#8212;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0685">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_989_ecustom--StockIssuedtoBeIssuedToExecutiveOfficerForBonusPaymentShares_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--CommonStockMember__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_zXM5ILhtwHvd" title="Stock issued/to be issued to an executive officer for bonus payment, shares" style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="IDT:StockIssuedtoBeIssuedToExecutiveOfficerForBonusPaymentShares" contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_us-gaap_CommonStockMember_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember" id="Fact000694" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="Shares">39</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0686">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalOther" contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember" id="Fact000687" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">1,494</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0688">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0689">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0690">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0691">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalOther" contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" id="Fact000692" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">1,494</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueAcquisitions_pn3n3_zBEk5RWiV0Bk" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">Business acquisition holdback payment</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#8212;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0696">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesAcquisitions_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--CommonStockMember__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_zJcr0lCIvTyb" title="Business acquisition holdback payment, shares" style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesAcquisitions" contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_us-gaap_CommonStockMember_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember" id="Fact000705" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="Shares">3</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0697">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueAcquisitions" contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember" id="Fact000698" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">100</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0699">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0700">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0701">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0702">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr id="xdx_40B_eus-gaap--OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_pn3n3_zcmnHEFFgeH6" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0745">&#8212;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">&#8212;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0746">&#8212;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0747">&#8212;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0748">&#8212;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0749">&#8212;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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</table>


<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">See
accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center">&#160;</p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">IDT
CORPORATION</span></p>




<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="sk_006"></span>CONSOLIDATED
STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

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    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">INVESTING ACTIVITIES</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquireBusinessesNetOfCashAcquired" contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31" id="Fact000854" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">7,552</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquireEquityMethodInvestments" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31" id="Fact000857" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">840</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">SUPPLEMENTAL SCHEDULE OF NON-CASH INVESTING AND FINANCING ACTIVITIES</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0954">&#8212;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Conversion of equity method investment&#8217;s secured promissory notes into convertible preferred stock</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="IDT:ConversionOfEquityMethodInvestmentsSecuredPromissoryNotesIntoConvertiblePreferredStock" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31" id="Fact000957" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">4,038</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--NoncashOrPartNoncashAcquisitionValueOfLiabilitiesAssumed1_i01_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Liabilities incurred for acquisitions</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0964">&#8212;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr id="xdx_408_ecustom--SharesOfCompanysClassBCommonStockIssuedForBusinessAcquisitions_i01_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Shares of the Company&#8217;s Class B common stock issued for business acquisitions</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="IDT:SharesOfCompanysClassBCommonStockIssuedForBusinessAcquisitions" contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" id="Fact000968" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">100</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Cashless exercise of stock options in exchange for shares of the Company&#8217;s Class B common stock</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0972">&#8212;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0973">&#8212;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OtherSignificantNoncashTransactionValueOfConsiderationReceived1" contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31" id="Fact000974" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">14,930</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  </table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0">See
accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"></p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">IDT
CORPORATION</span></p>




<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="sk_007"></span>NOTES
TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS</span></p>




<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" escape="true" id="Fact000976" name="us-gaap:SignificantAccountingPoliciesTextBlock"><p id="xdx_804_eus-gaap--SignificantAccountingPoliciesTextBlock_zt4b3bdBGbvg" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Note
1&#8212;<span id="xdx_828_zlQbpv897HNg">Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies</span></span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Description
of Business</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">IDT
Corporation (the &#8220;Company&#8221;) is a provider of point-of-sale (&#8220;POS&#8221;) terminal-based solutions, international
money remittances and other financial technology, or fintech, offerings, cloud communications, and traditional communications
services. The Company has <span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--NumberOfReportableSegments_pid_dc_uSegments_c20230801__20240731_z6sCzBC9b5dk" title="Number of reportable segments"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:NumberOfReportableSegments" contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" id="Fact000978" format="ixt-sec:numwordsen" decimals="INF" unitRef="Segments">four</ix:nonFraction></span>
reportable business segments, National Retail Solutions (&#8220;NRS&#8221;), Fintech, net2phone (which comprises our cloud communications offerings), and Traditional
Communications.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
of July 31, 2024, the Company owned <span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent_iI_pid_dp_uPure_c20240731__srt--OwnershipAxis__custom--NetTwophoneTwoZeroIncMember_zsFOeLmdiGZk" title="Ownership percentage"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31_custom_NetTwophoneTwoZeroIncMember" id="Fact000980" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" scale="-2" unitRef="Pure">94.0</ix:nonFraction></span>% of the outstanding shares of its subsidiary, net2phone 2.0, Inc. (&#8220;net2phone 2.0&#8221;),
which owns and operates the net2phone segment, and <span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent_iI_pid_dp_uPure_c20240731__srt--OwnershipAxis__custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember_zOyjiiv0Vny4" title="Ownership percentage"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31_custom_NationalRetailSolutionsMember" id="Fact000982" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" scale="-2" unitRef="Pure">81.5</ix:nonFraction></span>% of the outstanding shares of NRS, and, on a fully diluted basis assuming all
the vesting criteria related to various rights granted have been met, the Company would own <span id="xdx_900_ecustom--FullyDilutedMinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent_pid_dp_uPure_c20230801__20240731__srt--OwnershipAxis__custom--NetTwophoneTwoZeroIncMember_zccJlDWqGtIa" title="Fully diluted basis assuming vesting, percentage"><ix:nonFraction name="IDT:FullyDilutedMinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent" contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_custom_NetTwophoneTwoZeroIncMember" id="Fact000984" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" scale="-2" unitRef="Pure">90.0</ix:nonFraction></span>% of net2phone
2.0 and <span id="xdx_900_ecustom--FullyDilutedMinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent_pid_dp_uPure_c20230801__20240731__srt--OwnershipAxis__custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember_zTUp3OHmrnSg" title="Fully diluted basis assuming vesting, percentage"><ix:nonFraction name="IDT:FullyDilutedMinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent" contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_custom_NationalRetailSolutionsMember" id="Fact000986" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" scale="-2" unitRef="Pure">79.3</ix:nonFraction></span>% of NRS.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" escape="true" id="Fact000988" name="us-gaap:ConsolidationPolicyTextBlock"><p id="xdx_84F_eus-gaap--ConsolidationPolicyTextBlock_z6kaXGSxngS1" style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_869_zMVeOkFruog">Basis
of Consolidation</span></span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
method of accounting applied to long-term investments, whether consolidated, equity or cost, involves an evaluation of the significant
terms of each investment that explicitly grant or suggest evidence of control or influence over the operations of the entity in which the Company owns an interest and includes
the identification of any variable interests in which the Company is the primary beneficiary. The consolidated financial statements include
the Company&#8217;s controlled subsidiaries and the variable interest entity in which the Company is the primary beneficiary (see Note
13). All significant intercompany accounts and transactions between the consolidated entities are eliminated.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" escape="true" id="Fact000990" name="us-gaap:UseOfEstimates"><p id="xdx_841_eus-gaap--UseOfEstimates_z8ogqz5OdpP6" style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_866_zSIs61iy3ZQb">Use
of Estimates</span></span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (&#8220;U.S.
GAAP&#8221;) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying
notes. Actual results may differ from those estimates.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" escape="true" id="Fact000992" name="us-gaap:PriorPeriodReclassificationAdjustmentDescription"><p id="xdx_84A_eus-gaap--PriorPeriodReclassificationAdjustmentDescription_ztC0ETtrrHxi" style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_86A_zFIvysppyYP">Reclassifications</span></span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

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and after August 1, 2023, the Company includes depreciation and amortization in &#8220;Direct cost of revenues&#8221; and &#8220;Selling,
general and administrative&#8221; expense and is reporting gross profit in accordance with U.S. GAAP in the consolidated statements
of income. Prior to August 1, 2023, depreciation and amortization was a separate caption in the consolidated statements of income.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

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and after February 1, 2024, the Company reclassified most of its technology and development expenses from &#8220;Selling, general and
administrative&#8221; expense to a new &#8220;Technology and development&#8221; expense caption in the consolidated statements of income
and reclassified an amount that was immaterial in all periods to &#8220;Direct cost of revenues.&#8221; &#8220;Technology and development&#8221;
expense consists primarily of personnel-related expenses for employees involved in the research, design, development, and maintenance
of both new and existing technology products and services, including salaries, benefits, and stock-based compensation. &#8220;Technology
and development&#8221; expense also includes costs for software licenses, subscription services, and other companywide technology tools
dedicated for use by the Company&#8217;s technology and development teams. The costs of third-party contractors that support the Company&#8217;s
technology and development are also included. &#8220;Technology and development&#8221; expense also includes the costs of product and
engineering teams used to support the development of both internal infrastructure and internal-use software, to the extent such costs
do not qualify for capitalization. The expenses reclassified to &#8220;Direct cost of revenues&#8221; are the costs of cloud computing
arrangements hosted by a vendor in the production environment incurred by the net2phone segment and NRS, and net2phone&#8217;s colocation
costs for data centers where net2phone is not fully operational in the cloud. Finally, depreciation and amortization of capitalized internal
use software costs was reclassified from &#8220;Selling, general and administrative&#8221; expense to &#8220;Technology and development&#8221;
expense.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" escape="true" id="Fact000994" name="us-gaap:ScheduleOfErrorCorrectionsAndPriorPeriodAdjustmentsTextBlock"><p id="xdx_89F_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfErrorCorrectionsAndPriorPeriodAdjustmentsTextBlock_zxTzxw3XLB0j" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

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</ix:nonNumeric><p id="xdx_8AB_z52yrA3wsYI7" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" escape="true" id="Fact001017" name="us-gaap:InvestmentPolicyTextBlock"><p id="xdx_849_eus-gaap--InvestmentPolicyTextBlock_zr6Oj41Lthzg" style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_860_zxLqPagFopE2">Accounting
for Investments</span></span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Investments
in businesses that the Company does not control, but in which the Company has the ability to exercise significant influence over operating
and financial matters, are accounted for using the equity method. Investments in which the Company does not have the ability to exercise
significant influence over operating and financial matters are accounted for using the cost method. Investments in hedge funds are accounted
for using the equity method unless the Company&#8217;s interest is so minor that it has virtually no influence over operating and financial
policies, in which case these investments are accounted for using the cost method. The Company periodically evaluates its equity and
cost method investments for impairment due to declines considered to be other than temporary. If the Company determines that a decline
in fair value is other than temporary, then a charge to earnings is recorded in &#8220;Other expense, net&#8221; in the accompanying
consolidated statements of income, and a new basis in the investment is established.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" escape="true" id="Fact001019" name="us-gaap:RevenueRecognitionPolicyTextBlock"><p id="xdx_84B_eus-gaap--RevenueRecognitionPolicyTextBlock_zLfuLdvGcynd" style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_867_zaIxA1iaMjO">Revenue
Recognition</span></span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company recognizes revenue upon the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration
to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services, in accordance with a five-step process as follows:
(i) identify the contract(s) with a customer, (ii) identify the performance obligations in the contract(s), (iii) determine the transaction
price, (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract(s), and (v) recognize revenue when, or as,
the Company satisfies a performance obligation.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" escape="true" id="Fact001021" name="us-gaap:CostOfSalesPolicyTextBlock"><p id="xdx_848_eus-gaap--CostOfSalesPolicyTextBlock_zvt18dfdZ2V2" style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_868_zVYGnxOcLec1">Direct
Cost of Revenues</span></span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Direct
cost of revenues consists primarily of termination and origination costs, toll-free costs, and network costs&#8212;including
customer/carrier interconnect charges and fiber circuit charges. These costs include an estimate of charges for which invoices have
not yet been received, and estimated amounts for pending disputes with other carriers. Direct cost of revenues also includes the
cost of airtime top-up minutes, the cost of NRS&#8217; POS terminals sold, the costs of cloud computing arrangements hosted by a
vendor in the production environment incurred by the net2phone segment and NRS, net2phone&#8217;s colocation costs for data centers
where net2phone is not fully operational in the cloud, net2phone&#8217;s cost of equipment sold, and commissions paid to
disbursement agents, sales agents, and retailers for BOSS Money&#8217;s originations and distributions.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" escape="true" id="Fact001023" name="us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsPolicyTextBlock"><p id="xdx_84F_eus-gaap--CashAndCashEquivalentsPolicyTextBlock_zHygsWVFyZC4" style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_867_zoIJ8rpLmBtc">Cash
and Cash Equivalents</span></span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company considers all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" escape="true" id="Fact001025" name="us-gaap:MarketableSecuritiesPolicy"><p id="xdx_84B_eus-gaap--MarketableSecuritiesPolicy_zqju8xfY10nk" style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_86C_z2UVk5Ugawv9">Debt
Securities</span></span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company&#8217;s investments in debt securities are classified as &#8220;available-for-sale.&#8221; Available-for-sale debt securities
are required to be carried at their fair value, with unrealized gains that are considered temporary in nature recorded in &#8220;Accumulated
other comprehensive loss&#8221; in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. On August 1, 2023, the Company adopted Accounting Standards
Update (&#8220;ASU&#8221;) No. 2016-13, <i>Financial Instruments&#8212;Credit Losses (Topic 326)</i>, <i>Measurement of Credit Losses
on Financial Instruments.</i> For available-for-sale debt securities with unrealized losses, ASU 2016-13 replaced the concept of &#8220;other-than-temporary&#8221;
impairment with a determination whether any impairment is a result of a credit loss or other factors. The portion of the unrealized loss
that is the result of a credit loss is recognized as an allowance and a corresponding expense recorded in &#8220;Other expense, net&#8221;
in the consolidated statement of income. Unrealized loss that is not the result of a credit loss is recorded in &#8220;Accumulated other
comprehensive loss&#8221; in the consolidated balance sheets. The adoption of the new standard did not have a material impact on the
Company&#8217;s consolidated financial statements, and it was not necessary to record a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings
as of August 1, 2023.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company uses the specific identification method in computing the gross realized gains and gross realized losses on the sales of debt
securities.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" escape="true" id="Fact001027" name="us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestmentsPolicy"><p id="xdx_84A_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestmentsPolicy_zvaYlqWqGYwd" style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_86D_zVGqGjvzoGK7">Equity
Investments</span></span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Investments
in equity securities (except those accounted for under the equity method or that result in consolidation) are measured at fair value,
with changes in fair value recognized in net income. For investments in equity securities without a readily determinable fair value,
the Company elects the measurement alternative and measures these investments at cost, less any impairment, plus or minus changes resulting
from observable price changes in orderly transactions for an identical or similar investment of the same issuer. At each reporting date,
the Company reassesses whether the investment still qualifies for this measurement alternative. Further, at each reporting date, the
Company performs a qualitative assessment to evaluate whether the investment is impaired. If the qualitative assessment indicates that
the investment is impaired and the fair value of the investment is less than its carrying value, the carrying amount of the investment
will be reduced and the resulting loss recognized in &#8220;Other expense, net&#8221; in the accompanying consolidated statements of
income in the period the impairment is identified.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On
August 1, 2024, the Company adopted ASU No. 2022-03, <i>Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820)</i>, <i>Fair Value Measurement of Equity Securities
Subject to Contractual Sale Restrictions,</i> that clarifies that a contractual restriction on the sale of an equity security is not
considered part of the unit of account of the equity security and, therefore, is not considered in measuring fair value. The ASU also
requires specific disclosures related to equity securities that are subject to contractual sales restrictions. The adoption of the new
standard did not have a material impact on the Company&#8217;s consolidated financial statements.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" escape="true" id="Fact001029" name="IDT:SettlementsAssetsAndLiabilitiesPolicyTextBlock"><p id="xdx_84F_ecustom--SettlementsAssetsAndLiabilitiesPolicyTextBlock_zjjCPja8bUoa" style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_860_zYC74SAermfh">Settlement
Assets and Settlement Liabilities</span></span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Settlement
assets represent funds to be received for unsettled international money remittance and related value/payment transfer services. The receivables
are due from financial institutions and agents for payment instruments sold and amounts advanced by the Company to certain agents for
operational and local regulatory purposes. These receivables are outstanding from the day of the sale of the payment instrument until
the financial institution or agent remits the funds to the Company. The Company provides an allowance for the portion of the receivable
estimated to become uncollectible based on its history of collection experience, known collection issues, consumer credit card chargebacks
and insufficient funds, and other matters the Company identifies in its routine collection monitoring.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Settlement
liabilities represent obligations relating to amounts payable under international money remittance and related value/payment transfer
services. These obligations are recognized by the Company at the time the underlying transaction occurs. The Company records corresponding
settlement assets for the funds to be received.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" escape="true" id="Fact001031" name="IDT:DisbursementPrefundingPolicyTextBlock"><p id="xdx_84E_ecustom--DisbursementPrefundingPolicyTextBlock_zMt8yKbdK8bg" style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_86D_ziXcOMtpaLee">Disbursement
Prefunding</span></span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company maintains relationships with disbursement partners in various countries for its BOSS Money and IDT Digital Payments services.
The Company maintains prefunding balances with these disbursement partners, so they can satisfy the Company&#8217;s customer liabilities.
The Company does not earn interest on these balances. The balances are not compensating balances and are not legally restricted.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" escape="true" id="Fact001033" name="us-gaap:InventoryPolicyTextBlock"><p id="xdx_847_eus-gaap--InventoryPolicyTextBlock_zYonBBRzZAlf" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i><span id="xdx_86C_zeseEfNxgzc7">Inventory</span></i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Inventory
consists of NRS&#8217; POS terminals that it sells to retailers. Inventory is measured at the lower of cost and net realizable value.
Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less reasonably predictable costs of completion,
disposal, and transportation.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" escape="true" id="Fact001035" name="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentPolicyTextBlock"><p id="xdx_849_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentPolicyTextBlock_zXdKcWPCymD2" style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_86E_znXwMrwJSqpk">Property,
Plant, and Equipment and Intangible Assets</span></span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Equipment,
computer software, and furniture and fixtures are recorded at cost and are depreciated on a straight-line basis over their estimated
useful lives, which are as follows: equipment&#8212;<span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife_iI_dtY_c20240731__us-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis__us-gaap--EquipmentMember__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MinimumMember_zIBt7qCxGref" title="Estimated useful lives of long-lived assets"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31_us-gaap_EquipmentMember_srt_MinimumMember" format="ixt-sec:duryear" id="Fact001037" name="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife">5</ix:nonNumeric></span> and <span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife_iI_dtY_c20240731__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MaximumMember__us-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis__us-gaap--EquipmentMember_zMA3oyrnBgv8" title="Estimated useful lives of long-lived assets"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31_srt_MaximumMember_us-gaap_EquipmentMember" format="ixt-sec:duryear" id="Fact001039" name="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife">7</ix:nonNumeric></span> years; computer software&#8212;<span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife_iI_dtY_c20240731__us-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis__custom--ComputerSoftwareMember_zslQCsrFPBB3" title="Estimated useful lives of long-lived assets"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31_custom_ComputerSoftwareMember" format="ixt-sec:duryear" id="Fact001041" name="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife">3</ix:nonNumeric></span> years; and furniture and fixtures&#8212;<span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife_iI_dtY_c20240731__us-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis__us-gaap--FurnitureAndFixturesMember_zVo0M4RMGirh" title="Estimated useful lives of long-lived assets"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31_us-gaap_FurnitureAndFixturesMember" format="ixt-sec:duryear" id="Fact001043" name="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife">5</ix:nonNumeric></span>
years. Leasehold improvements are recorded at cost and are depreciated on a straight-line basis over the term of their lease or their
estimated useful lives, whichever is shorter.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Non-compete
agreements, customer relationships, and tradenames are amortized over their estimated useful lives (see Notes 6 and 12).</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company tests the recoverability of its property, plant, and equipment and intangible assets with finite useful lives whenever events
or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the asset may not be recoverable. The Company tests for recoverability
based on the projected undiscounted cash flows to be derived from such asset. If the projected undiscounted future cash flows are less
than the carrying value of the asset, the Company will record an impairment loss, if any, based on the difference between the estimated
fair value and the carrying value of the asset. The Company generally measures fair value by considering sale prices for similar assets
or by discounting estimated future cash flows from such asset using an appropriate discount rate. Cash flow projections and fair value
estimates require significant estimates and assumptions by management. Should the estimates and assumptions prove to be incorrect, the
Company may be required to record impairments in future periods and such impairments could be material.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" escape="true" id="Fact001045" name="us-gaap:GoodwillAndIntangibleAssetsGoodwillPolicy"><p id="xdx_844_eus-gaap--GoodwillAndIntangibleAssetsGoodwillPolicy_zM8SJCvOWAac" style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_863_zvxMJs8GKFZf">Goodwill</span></span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Goodwill
is the excess of the consideration paid for a business over the fair value of the identifiable net assets acquired. Goodwill and other
indefinite lived intangible assets are not amortized. Instead, these assets are reviewed annually (or more frequently under various conditions)
for impairment. The Company has the option to perform a qualitative assessment to determine whether it is necessary to perform the quantitative
goodwill impairment test. However, the Company may elect to perform the quantitative goodwill impairment test even if no indications
of a potential impairment exist.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


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    <div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><td style="text-align: center; width: 100%">&#160;</td></tr></table></div>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">When
performing its quantitative annual, or an interim (when conditions warrant), goodwill impairment test the Company compares the fair value of its reporting
units with their carrying amounts. The Company would recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount
exceeds the reporting unit&#8217;s fair value; however, the loss recognized would not exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated
to that reporting unit. Additionally, the Company considers income tax effects from any tax-deductible goodwill on the carrying
amount of its reporting unit when measuring the goodwill impairment loss, if applicable. The fair value of the reporting units is
estimated using discounted cash flow methodologies, as well as considering third party market value indicators. The Company&#8217;s
use of a discounted cash flow methodology includes estimates of future revenue based upon budgets and projections. The Company also
develops estimates for future levels of gross and operating profits and projected capital expenditures. The Company&#8217;s
methodology also includes the use of estimated discount rates based upon industry and competitor analysis as well as other factors.
Calculating the fair value of the reporting units requires significant estimates and assumptions by management. Should the estimates
and assumptions regarding the fair value of the reporting units prove to be incorrect, the Company may be required to record
impairments to its goodwill in future periods and such impairments could be material.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" escape="true" id="Fact001047" name="us-gaap:AdvertisingCostsPolicyTextBlock"><p id="xdx_842_eus-gaap--AdvertisingCostsPolicyTextBlock_z5j55ECmcjl2" style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_860_zm21vnQjgco2">Advertising
Expense</span></span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Cost
of advertising is charged to selling, general and administrative expense in the period in which it is incurred. In fiscal 2024, fiscal
2023, and fiscal 2022, advertising expense was $<span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--AdvertisingExpense_pn5n6_c20230801__20240731_z6zBPi6hR5c2" title="Advertising expense"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AdvertisingExpense" contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" id="Fact001049" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">19.0</ix:nonFraction> </span>million, $<span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--AdvertisingExpense_pn5n6_c20220801__20230731_zsH72kBYJ1Y2" title="Advertising expense"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AdvertisingExpense" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31" id="Fact001051" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">17.9</ix:nonFraction></span> million, and $<span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--AdvertisingExpense_pn5n6_c20210801__20220731_zUQmxg6vVeog" title="Advertising expense"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AdvertisingExpense" contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31" id="Fact001053" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">17.0</ix:nonFraction></span> million, respectively.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" escape="true" id="Fact001055" name="us-gaap:InternalUseSoftwarePolicy"><p id="xdx_84E_eus-gaap--InternalUseSoftwarePolicy_zvqcYfGBKGab" style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_865_zO7OV3mU92ci">Capitalized
Internal Use Software Costs</span></span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_907_ecustom--InternalUseSoftwarePolicyDescription_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis__us-gaap--SoftwareAndSoftwareDevelopmentCostsMember_zGmVodas4Igl" title="Internal use software policy description"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_us-gaap_SoftwareAndSoftwareDevelopmentCostsMember" id="Fact001057" name="IDT:InternalUseSoftwarePolicyDescription">The
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to third parties and the salaries of employees working on such software development. Subsequent additions, modifications or upgrades
to internal-use software are capitalized only to the extent that they allow the software to perform a task it previously did not perform.
Software maintenance and training costs are charged to expense in the period in which they are incurred. Capitalized internal use software
costs are amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives. Amortization expense related to such capitalized software
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" escape="true" id="Fact001069" name="us-gaap:MaintenanceCostPolicyPolicyTextBlock"><p id="xdx_845_eus-gaap--MaintenanceCostPolicyPolicyTextBlock_zTvYmOJbPtkh" style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_86F_zq6Vk248a94f">Repairs
and Maintenance</span></span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company charges the cost of repairs and maintenance, including the cost of replacing minor items not constituting substantial betterment,
to selling, general and administrative expense or technology and development expense as these costs are incurred.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" escape="true" id="Fact001071" name="us-gaap:ForeignCurrencyTransactionsAndTranslationsPolicyTextBlock"><p id="xdx_847_eus-gaap--ForeignCurrencyTransactionsAndTranslationsPolicyTextBlock_zEIxWaUzwF52" style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_863_z8SqqbhGSwl6">Foreign
Currency Translation</span></span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Assets
and liabilities of foreign subsidiaries denominated in foreign currencies are translated to U.S. Dollars at end-of-period rates of exchange,
and their monthly results of operations are translated to U.S. Dollars at the average rates of exchange for that month. Gains or losses
resulting from such foreign currency translations are recorded in &#8220;Accumulated other comprehensive loss&#8221; in the accompanying
consolidated balance sheets. Foreign currency transaction gains and losses are reported in &#8220;Other expense, net&#8221; in the accompanying
consolidated statements of income.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

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Taxes</span></span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company recognizes deferred tax assets and liabilities for the future tax consequences attributable to temporary differences between
the financial statements carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. A valuation allowance is
provided when it is more likely than not that some portion or all of a deferred tax asset will not be realized. The ultimate realization
of deferred tax assets depends on the generation of future taxable income during the period in which related temporary differences become
deductible. The Company considers the scheduled reversal of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income and tax planning
strategies in its assessment of a valuation allowance. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using the enacted tax rates expected
to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred
tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date of such change.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company uses a two-step approach for recognizing and measuring tax benefits taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. The Company
determines whether it is more-likely-than-not that a tax position will be sustained upon examination, including resolution of any related
appeals or litigation processes, based on the technical merits of the position. In evaluating whether a tax position has met the more-likely-than-not
recognition threshold, the Company presumes that the position will be examined by the appropriate taxing authority that has full knowledge
of all relevant information. Tax positions that meet the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold are measured to determine the amount
of tax benefit to recognize in the financial statements. The tax position is measured at the largest amount of benefit that is greater
than 50 percent likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement. Differences between tax positions taken in a tax return and amounts
recognized in the financial statements will generally result in one or more of the following: an increase in a liability for income taxes
payable, a reduction of an income tax refund receivable, a reduction in a deferred tax asset, or an increase in a deferred tax liability.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company classifies interest and penalties on income taxes as a component of income tax expense.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

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<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company accrues for loss contingencies when both (a) information available prior to issuance of the financial statements indicates that
it is probable that a liability had been incurred at the date of the financial statements and (b) the amount of loss can reasonably be
estimated. When the Company accrues for loss contingencies and the reasonable estimate of the loss is within a range, the Company records
its best estimate within the range. When no amount within the range is a better estimate than any other amount, the Company accrues the
minimum amount in the range. The Company discloses an estimated possible loss or a range of loss when it is at least reasonably possible
that a loss may have been incurred.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" escape="true" id="Fact001077" name="us-gaap:EarningsPerSharePolicyTextBlock"><p id="xdx_842_eus-gaap--EarningsPerSharePolicyTextBlock_z1T3UWSrnOA1" style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_869_zBgYbddNq7hf">Earnings
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<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Basic
earnings per share is computed by dividing net income attributable to all classes of common stockholders of the Company by the weighted
average number of shares of all classes of common stock outstanding during the applicable period. Diluted earnings per share is determined
in the same manner as basic earnings per share, except that the number of shares is increased to include restricted stock still subject
to risk of forfeiture and to assume exercise of potentially dilutive stock options using the treasury stock method, unless the effect
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

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weighted-average number of shares used in the calculation of basic and diluted earnings per share attributable to the Company&#8217;s
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</ix:nonNumeric><p id="xdx_8A9_zzJa0cZfiYV7" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">There
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" escape="true" id="Fact001103" name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationOptionAndIncentivePlansPolicy"><p id="xdx_848_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationOptionAndIncentivePlansPolicy_zWTBzUj4NCR7" style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_866_ztLEW1aMZ0W8">Stock-Based
Compensation</span></span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company recognizes compensation expense for its grants of stock-based awards based on the estimated fair value on the grant date. Compensation
cost for awards is recognized using the straight-line method over the requisite service period, which is usually the vesting period.
Stock-based compensation is included in selling, general and administrative expense and technology and development expense.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" escape="true" id="Fact001105" name="us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskCreditRisk"><p id="xdx_840_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskCreditRisk_zWJhfDbhSCn2" style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_86E_zZfqQtZslua5">Vulnerability
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<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Financial
instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentration of credit risk consist principally of cash, cash equivalents, restricted
cash and cash equivalents, debt securities, equity investments, and trade accounts receivable. The Company holds cash and cash equivalents
at several major financial institutions, which often exceed FDIC insurance limits. Historically, the Company has not experienced any
losses due to such concentration of credit risk. The Company&#8217;s temporary cash investments policy is to limit the dollar amount
of investments with any one financial institution and monitor the credit ratings of those institutions. While the Company may be exposed
to credit losses due to the nonperformance of the holders of its deposits, the Company does not expect the settlement of these transactions
to have a material effect on its results of operations, cash flows, or financial condition.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
concentration of credit risk with respect to trade accounts receivable is limited due to the large number of customers in various geographic
regions and industry segments comprising the Company&#8217;s customer base. No single customer accounted for more than 10% of consolidated
revenues in fiscal 2024, fiscal 2023 or fiscal 2022. However, the Company&#8217;s five largest customers collectively accounted for <span id="xdx_90D_ecustom--ConcentrationRiskThresholdPercentage_pid_dp_uPure_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_zWEjujsXLVBb" title="Concentration risk threshold, percentage"><ix:nonFraction name="IDT:ConcentrationRiskThresholdPercentage" contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_us-gaap_SalesRevenueNetMember_us-gaap_CustomerConcentrationRiskMember" id="Fact001107" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" scale="-2" unitRef="Pure">10.3</ix:nonFraction></span>%,
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at July 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. This concentration of customers increases the Company&#8217;s risk associated with nonpayment
by those customers. In an effort to reduce such risk, the Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of its significant customers. In
addition, the Company attempts to mitigate the credit risk related to specific IDT Global customers by also buying services from the
customer, in order to create an opportunity to offset its payables and receivables and reduce its net trade receivable exposure risk.
When it is practical to do so, the Company will increase its purchases from IDT Global customers with receivable balances that exceed
the Company&#8217;s applicable payables in order to maximize the offset and reduce its credit risk.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" escape="true" id="Fact001117" name="IDT:AllowanceForCreditLossesAndAllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsPolicyTextBlock"><p id="xdx_84E_ecustom--AllowanceForCreditLossesAndAllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsPolicyTextBlock_zVV3AEmuYBf6" style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_867_zvqLZDF0cO6j">Allowance
for Credit Losses and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts</span></span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Effective
with the adoption of ASU 2016-13 on August 1, 2023, the Company records an expense based on a forward-looking current expected credit
loss model to maintain its allowance for credit losses, which replaced the allowance for doubtful accounts. When determining its allowance
for trade accounts receivable, the Company considers the probability of recoverability of accounts receivable based on experience, taking
into account current collection trends and general economic factors, including bankruptcy rates. The Company also considers future economic
trends to estimate expected credit losses over the lifetime of the asset. Credit risks are assessed based on historical write-offs, net
of recoveries, as well as an analysis of the aged accounts receivable balances with allowances generally increasing as the receivable
ages. Accounts receivable may be fully reserved for when specific collection issues are known to exist, such as pending bankruptcies.
Account balances are written off against the allowance when it is determined that the receivable will not be recovered. The adoption
of ASU 2016-13 did not have a material impact on the Company&#8217;s consolidated financial statements, and it was not necessary to record
a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of August 1, 2023.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Prior
to the adoption of ASU 2016-13, the Company estimated the balance of its allowance for doubtful accounts by analyzing accounts receivable
balances by age and applying historical write-off and collection trend rates. The Company&#8217;s estimates included separately providing
for customer receivables based on specific circumstances and credit conditions, and when it was deemed probable that the balance was
uncollectible.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" escape="true" id="Fact001119" name="us-gaap:AccountsReceivableAllowanceForCreditLossTableTextBlock"><p id="xdx_89F_eus-gaap--AccountsReceivableAllowanceForCreditLossTableTextBlock_ztzPbgnVIHgc" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
changes in the allowance and reserves deducted from asset accounts is as follows:</span></p>

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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="padding-left: 20pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Reserve for losses on settlement assets</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_984_ecustom--ProvisionForSettlementAssetsReserve_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731_z6humRffmc15" title="Reserve for losses on settlement assets, Additions charged to costs and expenses" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="IDT:ProvisionForSettlementAssetsReserve" contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" id="Fact001131" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">988</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_983_ecustom--SettlementAssetsReserveDeductions_iN_pn3n3_di_c20230801__20240731_fKDEp_zmecqNnnnfcd" title="Reserve for losses on settlement assets, Deductions" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="IDT:SettlementAssetsReserveDeductions" contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" id="Fact001133" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">265</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98D_ecustom--SettlementAssetsReserve_iE_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731_z5oWHvvZ9QKi" title="Reserve for losses on settlement assets, Balance at end of year" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="IDT:SettlementAssetsReserve" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31" id="Fact001135" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">1,866</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 20pt; padding-bottom: 1pt">Total</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_989_ecustom--AllowanceAndReservesDeductedFromAssetAccountsBalance_iS_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731_zJKxiyxqQPDh" title="Allowance and reserves deducted from asset, Balance at beginning of year" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="IDT:AllowanceAndReservesDeductedFromAssetAccountsBalance" contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31" id="Fact001137" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">6,785</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--ProvisionForDoubtfulAccounts_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731_zh6SzdVp62Ij" title="Allowance and reserves deducted from asset, Additions charged to costs and expenses" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ProvisionForDoubtfulAccounts" contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" id="Fact001139" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">4,390</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98F_ecustom--AllowanceAndReservesDeductedFromAssetAccountsDeductions_iN_pn3n3_di_c20230801__20240731_fKDEp_zuKZh0QTcMd9" title="Allowance and reserves deducted from asset, Deductions" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="IDT:AllowanceAndReservesDeductedFromAssetAccountsDeductions" contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" id="Fact001141" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">2,957</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_985_ecustom--AllowanceAndReservesDeductedFromAssetAccountsBalance_iE_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731_za8l6Ekook4f" title="Allowance and reserves deducted from asset, Balance at end of year" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="IDT:AllowanceAndReservesDeductedFromAssetAccountsBalance" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31" id="Fact001143" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">8,218</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">2023</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">Deducted from asset accounts:</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 20pt; text-align: left">Allowance for doubtful accounts</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent_iS_pn3n3_c20220801__20230731_zyDvvx84yO4a" title="Allowance for doubtful accounts, Balance at beginning of year" style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent" contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31" id="Fact001145" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">5,328</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_982_ecustom--ProvisionForAccountsReceivableDoubtfulAccounts_pn3n3_c20220801__20230731_zSlY661ObPLb" title="Allowance for doubtful accounts, Additions charged to costs and expenses" style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="IDT:ProvisionForAccountsReceivableDoubtfulAccounts" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31" id="Fact001147" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">1,578</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableWriteOffs_iN_pn3n3_di_c20220801__20230731_fKDEp_zFzeaZUERiy5" title="Allowance for doubtful accounts, Deductions" style="text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableWriteOffs" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31" id="Fact001149" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">1,264</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent_iE_pn3n3_c20220801__20230731_zrZKcCIbbQNe" title="Allowance for doubtful accounts, Balance at end of year" style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent" contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31" id="Fact001151" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">5,642</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 20pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Reserve for losses on settlement assets</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98F_ecustom--SettlementAssetsReserve_iS_pn3n3_c20220801__20230731_zM7ssqfNPgLa" title="Reserve for losses on settlement assets, Balance at beginning of year" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="IDT:SettlementAssetsReserve" contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31" id="Fact001153" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">554</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_989_ecustom--ProvisionForSettlementAssetsReserve_pn3n3_c20220801__20230731_zkDSuD4S6CSb" title="Reserve for losses on settlement assets, Additions charged to costs and expenses" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="IDT:ProvisionForSettlementAssetsReserve" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31" id="Fact001155" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">620</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98D_ecustom--SettlementAssetsReserveDeductions_iN_pn3n3_di_c20220801__20230731_fKDEp_z4m9NKtQIC3g" title="Reserve for losses on settlement assets, Deductions" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="IDT:SettlementAssetsReserveDeductions" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31" id="Fact001157" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">31</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_984_ecustom--SettlementAssetsReserve_iE_pn3n3_c20220801__20230731_zJASWl1BVGEl" title="Reserve for losses on settlement assets, Balance at end of year" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="IDT:SettlementAssetsReserve" contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31" id="Fact001159" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">1,143</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 20pt; padding-bottom: 1pt">Total</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_986_ecustom--AllowanceAndReservesDeductedFromAssetAccountsBalance_iS_pn3n3_c20220801__20230731_z5o3GdYNxE46" title="Allowance and reserves deducted from asset, Balance at beginning of year" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="IDT:AllowanceAndReservesDeductedFromAssetAccountsBalance" contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31" id="Fact001161" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">5,882</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--ProvisionForDoubtfulAccounts_pn3n3_c20220801__20230731_z7cecI69oGij" title="Allowance and reserves deducted from asset, Additions charged to costs and expenses" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ProvisionForDoubtfulAccounts" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31" id="Fact001163" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">2,198</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_983_ecustom--AllowanceAndReservesDeductedFromAssetAccountsDeductions_iN_pn3n3_di_c20220801__20230731_fKDEp_zERNPXntbNvi" title="Allowance and reserves deducted from asset, Deductions" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="IDT:AllowanceAndReservesDeductedFromAssetAccountsDeductions" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31" id="Fact001165" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">1,295</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_980_ecustom--AllowanceAndReservesDeductedFromAssetAccountsBalance_iE_pn3n3_c20220801__20230731_z0zQRRdKMUHa" title="Allowance and reserves deducted from asset, Balance at end of year" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="IDT:AllowanceAndReservesDeductedFromAssetAccountsBalance" contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31" id="Fact001167" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">6,785</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">2022</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">Deducted from asset accounts:</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 20pt; text-align: left">Allowance for doubtful accounts</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent_iS_pn3n3_c20210801__20220731_zu4zqFKL4Y0b" title="Allowance for doubtful accounts, Balance at beginning of year" style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent" contextRef="AsOf2021-07-31" id="Fact001169" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">4,129</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_980_ecustom--ProvisionForAccountsReceivableDoubtfulAccounts_pn3n3_c20210801__20220731_zbrfT7NXXDC6" title="Allowance for doubtful accounts, Additions charged to costs and expenses" style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="IDT:ProvisionForAccountsReceivableDoubtfulAccounts" contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31" id="Fact001171" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">1,982</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableWriteOffs_iN_pn3n3_di_c20210801__20220731_fKDEp_zqrtnME8nnJh" title="Allowance for doubtful accounts, Deductions" style="text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableWriteOffs" contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31" id="Fact001173" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">783</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent_iE_pn3n3_c20210801__20220731_zGc7jbVBZPMb" title="Allowance for doubtful accounts, Balance at end of year" style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent" contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31" id="Fact001175" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">5,328</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 20pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Reserve for losses on settlement assets</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_989_ecustom--SettlementAssetsReserve_iS_pn3n3_c20210801__20220731_z3UgQmyNyM2g" title="Reserve for losses on settlement assets, Balance at beginning of year" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="IDT:SettlementAssetsReserve" contextRef="AsOf2021-07-31" id="Fact001177" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">309</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_986_ecustom--ProvisionForSettlementAssetsReserve_pn3n3_c20210801__20220731_z6H3AiBhs9G7" title="Reserve for losses on settlement assets, Additions charged to costs and expenses" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="IDT:ProvisionForSettlementAssetsReserve" contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31" id="Fact001179" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">348</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_982_ecustom--SettlementAssetsReserveDeductions_iN_pn3n3_di_c20210801__20220731_fKDEp_z358OP65d3Wi" title="Reserve for losses on settlement assets, Deductions" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="IDT:SettlementAssetsReserveDeductions" contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31" id="Fact001181" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">103</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_982_ecustom--SettlementAssetsReserve_iE_pn3n3_c20210801__20220731_z3FYQPRfg2ch" title="Reserve for losses on settlement assets, Balance at end of year" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="IDT:SettlementAssetsReserve" contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31" id="Fact001183" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">554</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 20pt; padding-bottom: 1pt">Total</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98C_ecustom--AllowanceAndReservesDeductedFromAssetAccountsBalance_iS_pn3n3_c20210801__20220731_zay6n2A7oQS3" title="Allowance and reserves deducted from asset, Balance at beginning of year" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="IDT:AllowanceAndReservesDeductedFromAssetAccountsBalance" contextRef="AsOf2021-07-31" id="Fact001185" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">4,438</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 6pt; width: 100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td id="xdx_F0F_z9X9ON5FPA63" style="width: 15pt; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(1)</span></td><td style="width: 5pt"/><td style="text-align: justify"><span id="xdx_F13_zNG3pS1Hu1Fg" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:footnote id="Footnote001192" xml:lang="en-US">Primarily uncollectible
accounts written off, net of recoveries.</ix:footnote></span></td>
</tr></table>

</ix:nonNumeric><p id="xdx_8AF_zDkpVCte4YUg" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" escape="true" id="Fact001194" name="us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementPolicyPolicyTextBlock"><p id="xdx_84A_eus-gaap--FairValueMeasurementPolicyPolicyTextBlock_zSCVqeFQJQv4" style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_86F_zh3slqpTIq5j">Fair
Value Measurements</span></span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Fair
value of financial and non-financial assets and liabilities is defined as an exit price, which is the price that would be received to
sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The three-tier
hierarchy for inputs used to measure fair value, which prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value, is
as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Level
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">A
financial asset or liability&#8217;s classification within the hierarchy is determined based on the lowest level input that is significant
to the fair value measurement. The assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement requires judgment
and may affect the valuation of the assets and liabilities being measured and their placement within the fair value hierarchy.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

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<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company determines whether an arrangement is a lease at the inception of the arrangement based on the terms and conditions in the contract.
A contract contains a lease if there is an identified asset which the Company has the right to control. The Company records a right-of-use
(&#8220;ROU&#8221;) asset and a lease liability on the balance sheet on the lease commencement date for all leases with terms longer
than 12 months. Leases are classified as either finance or operating, with classification affecting the pattern of expense recognition
in the income statement. The ROU asset and lease liability are recorded based on the present value of the Company&#8217;s obligation
to make payments over the lease term. The present value of the lease payments is calculated using the incremental borrowing rate based
on the rate of interest that the Company would have to pay to borrow an amount equal to the lease payments on a collateralized basis
over a similar term. The Company recognizes lease cost for its leases on a straight-line basis over the lease term.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" escape="true" id="Fact001198" name="us-gaap:NewAccountingPronouncementsPolicyPolicyTextBlock"><p id="xdx_84B_eus-gaap--NewAccountingPronouncementsPolicyPolicyTextBlock_zjYcyfNt8Roc" style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_866_zOLyIcAlDt4a">Recently
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<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

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</i>that is intended to improve the disclosures about reportable segments and add more detailed information about a reportable segment&#8217;s
expenses. These changes will affect the Company&#8217;s segment reporting beginning with its Annual Report for fiscal 2025 and its Quarterly
Reports in fiscal 2026 applied retrospectively to all prior periods presented. The amendments in the ASU require public entities to disclose
on an annual and interim basis significant segment expenses that are regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker (&#8220;CODM&#8221;)
and included within each reported measure of segment profit or loss, other segment items by reportable segment, the title and position
of the CODM, and an explanation of how the CODM uses the reported measures of segment profit or loss in assessing segment performance
and deciding how to allocate resources. The ASU does not change the definition of a segment, the method for determining segments, the
criteria for aggregating operating segments into reportable segments, or the current specifically enumerated segment expenses that are
required to be disclosed. The adoption of this ASU did not impact the Company&#8217;s results of operations, cash flows, or financial
condition.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

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<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
December 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (&#8220;FASB&#8221;) issued ASU No. 2023-09, <i>Income Taxes (Topic 740)</i>,
<i>Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures</i>, primarily related to the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid disclosures as well
as certain other amendments to income tax disclosures. Entities will be required on an annual basis to consistently categorize and provide
greater disaggregation of rate reconciliation information and further disaggregate their income taxes paid. The Company will adopt the
amendments in this ASU for its fiscal year beginning on August 1, 2025. The amendments in this ASU should be applied on a prospective
basis, although retrospective application is permitted. The Company is evaluating the impact that this ASU will have on its consolidated
financial statements.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-08, <i>Intangibles-Goodwill and Other-Crypto Assets (Subtopic 350-60)</i>, <i>Accounting
for and Disclosure of Crypto Assets</i>, that changes the accounting for crypto assets from a cost-less-impairment model to fair value,
with changes recognized in net income each reporting period. The ASU also requires enhanced disclosures including, among other things,
the name, cost basis, fair value, and number of units for each significant holding, and a rollforward of annual activity including additions,
dispositions, gains, and losses. The Company will adopt the amendments in this ASU for its fiscal year beginning on August 1, 2025. The
ASU requires a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings as of adoption. The Company is evaluating the
impact that this ASU will have on its consolidated financial statements.</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
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operating results of these business segments are regularly reviewed by the Company&#8217;s CODM. The accounting policies of the segments
are the same as the accounting policies of the Company as a whole. There are no significant asymmetrical allocations to segments. The
Company evaluates the performance of its business segments based primarily on income (loss) from operations.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
NRS segment is an operator of a nationwide POS network providing independent retailers with store management software, electronic payment
processing, and other ancillary merchant services. NRS&#8217; POS platform provides marketers with digital out-of-home advertising and
transaction data.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Fintech segment is comprised of: (i) BOSS Money, a provider of international money remittance and related value/payment transfer services;
and (ii) other, significantly smaller, financial services businesses, including a variable interest entity that operates money transfer
businesses, and IDT Financial Services Limited (&#8220;IDT Financial Services&#8221;), the Company&#8217;s Gibraltar-based bank.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center">&#160;</p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
net2phone segment is comprised of net2phone&#8217;s integrated cloud communications and contact center services.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Traditional Communications segment includes: (i) IDT Digital Payments, which enables customers to transfer airtime and bundles of
airtime, messaging, and data to international and domestic mobile accounts; (ii) BOSS Revolution (formerly BOSS Revolution Calling),
an international long-distance calling service marketed primarily to immigrant communities in the United States and Canada; and
(iii) IDT Global, a wholesale provider of international voice and SMS termination and outsourced traffic management solutions to
telecoms worldwide. Traditional Communications also includes other small businesses and offerings including early-stage business
initiatives and mature businesses in harvest mode.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Corporate
costs mainly include compensation, consulting fees, treasury, tax and accounting services, human resources, corporate purchasing, corporate
governance including Board of Directors&#8217; fees, internal and external audit, investor relations, corporate insurance, corporate
legal, and other corporate-related general and administrative expenses. Corporate does not generate any revenues, nor does it incur any
direct cost of revenues.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" escape="true" id="Fact001204" name="us-gaap:ScheduleOfSegmentReportingInformationBySegmentTextBlock"><p id="xdx_899_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfSegmentReportingInformationBySegmentTextBlock_zXXgYgsraaPk" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Operating
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span id="xdx_8BF_zkB6lFF6YP32" style="display: none">Schedule of Operating Results of Business Segments</span></p>

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  <tr id="xdx_438_c20230801__20240731_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zXmKojmdrJ6b" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr id="xdx_437_c20230801__20240731_eus-gaap--OperatingIncomeLoss_pn3n3_zzuuECctU3P8" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr id="xdx_436_c20230801__20240731_eus-gaap--DepreciationAndAmortization_iN_di_zrJlbjyqP4p4" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Depreciation and amortization</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_437_c20220801__20230731_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_z9Hx7JYlxMAg" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td>Revenues</td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr id="xdx_43F_c20220801__20230731_eus-gaap--OperatingIncomeLoss_pn3n3_zOd6GSUqR0Ih" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">Income (loss) from operations</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OperatingIncomeLoss" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31_custom_NationalRetailSolutionsMember" id="Fact001234" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">14,400</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OperatingIncomeLoss" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31_custom_FintechMember" id="Fact001235" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD">2,533</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OperatingIncomeLoss" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31_custom_Net2phoneMember" id="Fact001236" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD">2,755</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OperatingIncomeLoss" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31_custom_TraditionalCommunicationsMember" id="Fact001237" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">61,288</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OperatingIncomeLoss" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31_us-gaap_CorporateMember" id="Fact001238" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD">9,657</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OperatingIncomeLoss" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31" id="Fact001239" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">60,743</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_435_c20220801__20230731_eus-gaap--DepreciationAndAmortization_iN_di_zP0exwJ4bmJ6" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Depreciation and amortization</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DepreciationAndAmortization" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31_custom_NationalRetailSolutionsMember" id="Fact001241" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">2,363</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DepreciationAndAmortization" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31_custom_FintechMember" id="Fact001242" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">2,683</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DepreciationAndAmortization" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31_custom_Net2phoneMember" id="Fact001243" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">5,608</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-weight: bold">Year ended July 31, 2022</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_43F_c20210801__20220731_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zNuzGBiMzpJb" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td>Revenues</td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr id="xdx_43E_c20210801__20220731_eus-gaap--OperatingIncomeLoss_pn3n3_ziEiTSZ2L3tc" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">Income (loss) from operations</td><td>&#160;</td>
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</ix:nonNumeric><p id="xdx_8A5_zaJYkXqAcyjf" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Total
assets for the reportable segments are not provided because a significant portion of the Company&#8217;s assets service multiple segments
and the Company does not track such assets separately by segment.</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Geographic
Information</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span id="xdx_8B6_zoWAdLvHBqgc" style="display: none">Schedule of Net Long-lived Assets and Total Assets by Geographic Areas</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">(in thousands)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Total assets</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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  </table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

</ix:nonNumeric></ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" escape="true" id="Fact001287" name="us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerTextBlock"><p id="xdx_804_eus-gaap--RevenueFromContractWithCustomerTextBlock_znb4KFUWswta" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Note
3&#8212;<span id="xdx_827_zPkwBjG2qOFb">Revenue Recognition</span></span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Contracts
with Customers</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company earns revenue from contracts with customers, primarily through the provision of retail telecommunications and payment offerings
as well as wholesale international voice and SMS termination. BOSS Money, NRS, and net2phone are technology-driven, synergistic businesses
that leverage the Company&#8217;s core assets. BOSS Money&#8217;s and NRS&#8217; revenues are primarily recognized at a point in time,
and net2phone&#8217;s revenue is mainly recognized over time. Traditional Communications&#8217; offerings are mostly minute-based, paid-voice communications
services, and revenue is primarily recognized at a point in time. The Company&#8217;s most significant revenue streams are from IDT Digital
Payments, BOSS Revolution, and IDT Global. IDT Digital Payments and BOSS Revolution are sold direct-to-consumers and
through distributors and retailers.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>


<ix:exclude><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 15; Value: 1 -->
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    <!-- Field: /Page --></ix:exclude>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">IDT
Digital Payments</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">IDT
Digital Payments is sold direct-to-consumer and through distributors and retailers in the same manner as BOSS Revolution (see
below). The Company does not terminate the minutes in its IDT Digital Payments transactions. The Company&#8217;s performance obligation
is to recharge (top-up) the airtime balance of a mobile account on behalf of the Company&#8217;s customer. The Company has contracts
with various mobile operators or aggregators to provide the IDT Digital Payments service. The Company determined that it is the principal
in primarily all its IDT Digital Payments transactions as the Company controls the service to top-up a mobile account on behalf of the
Company&#8217;s customer. However, for the portion of its IDT Digital Payments business where the Company has no customer service responsibilities,
no inventory risk, and does not establish the price, the Company determined that, as the Company is not considered to control the arrangement,
it acts as an agent of the mobile operators. The Company records gross revenues based on the amount billed to the customer when it is
the principal in the arrangement and records revenue net of the associated costs incurred when it acts as an agent in the arrangement.
The transfer of control happens at the point in time that the airtime is recharged, which is when the Company has a right to payment
and the customer has accepted the service. Accordingly, the performance obligation is satisfied, and revenue is recognized when the recharge
of the mobile account occurs.</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">BOSS
Revolution direct-to-consumer</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">BOSS
Revolution direct-to-consumer is offered on a pay-as-you-go basis or in unlimited plans. The customer prepays for service in
both cases, which results in a contract liability (deferred revenue). The contract term for pay-as-you-go plans is minute-to-minute and
includes separate performance obligations for the series of material rights to renew the contract. The performance obligation is satisfied
immediately after it arises, and the amount of consideration is known when the obligation is satisfied. Since the Company&#8217;s satisfaction
of its performance obligation and the customer&#8217;s use of the service occur simultaneously, the Company recognizes revenue at the
point in time when minutes are utilized, since the customer obtained control and the Company has a present right to payment. For unlimited
plans, the Company has a stand-ready obligation to provide service over time for an agreed upon term. Unlimited plans include fixed consideration
over the term. Plan fees for unlimited plans are generally refundable at the request of the customer up to three days after payment if
there was no usage. Since the Company&#8217;s satisfaction of its performance obligation and the customer&#8217;s use of the service
occur over the term of the plan, the Company recognizes revenue over a period of time as the service is rendered. The Company uses an
output method as time elapses because it reflects the pattern by which the Company satisfies its performance obligation through the transfer
of service to the customer. The fixed upfront consideration is recognized evenly over the service period, which is generally 24 hours,
7 days, or one month.</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">BOSS
Revolution sold through distributors and retailers</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">BOSS
Revolution sold through distributors and retailers is the same service as BOSS Revolution sold direct-to-consumer. The
Company sells capacity to international calling minutes to retailers, or to distributors who resell to retailers. The retailer or distributor
is the Company&#8217;s customer in these transactions. The Company&#8217;s sales price to retailers and distributors, net of discounts,
is less than the end user rate for BOSS Revolution minutes. The customer or the Company may terminate their agreement at any
time upon thirty days written notice without penalty. Retailers may sell BOSS Revolution on a pay-as-you-go basis or in unlimited
plans. As described above, for pay-as-you-go, the Company recognizes revenue at the point in time when minutes are utilized, and for
unlimited plans, the Company recognizes revenue over a period of time as the service is rendered. Retailers and distributors also receive
initial commissions upon sale to end users, and renewal commissions when certain end users subsequently purchase minutes directly from
the Company. Initial and renewal commission payments are accounted for as a reduction of the transaction price over time as the end user
uses the service.</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">IDT
Global</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">IDT
Global services are offered to both postpaid and prepaid customers. Postpaid customers are billed in arrears and typically consist of
credit-worthy companies such as Tier 1 carriers and mobile network operators. Prepaid customers are typically smaller communications
companies and independent call aggregators. There is no performance obligation until the transport and termination of international long-distance
calls commences. The initial contract durations range from six months to one year, and generally have successive extensions. During the
initial term, the contract can only be terminated in certain instances (such as bankruptcy of either party, damage to the other party&#8217;s
network, fraud, or breach of contract). However, no penalties are applied if the agreement is terminated in the initial term. After the
initial term has expired, either party may terminate the agreement with notice of 30 days to 60 days depending on the agreement. The
term of the contract is essentially minute-to-minute as there is no penalty for an early termination and no obligation to send traffic.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Each
iteration is a separate optional purchase that occurs over the contract duration (that is, minute-by-minute). The satisfaction of the
performance obligation is occurring at a point in time (as the minutes are transferred) because the provision of the service and the
satisfaction of the performance obligation are essentially occurring simultaneously. Revenue is recognized at the point in time upon
delivery of the service.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company has not generally entered into contracts that have retroactive pricing features. Additionally, as the performance obligations
are considered minute-by-minute obligations in the original contract, any modification of the original contract that leads to a conclusion
that there is a new contract would not result in any adjustment related to the original contract&#8217;s consideration.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company provides discounts to its larger customers based on the expectation of a significant volume of minutes that are consistent with
that class of customer in the wholesale carrier market. The discounts do not provide a material right to the customer because the customer
receives the same pricing for all usage under the contract.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">IDT
Global&#8217;s contracts may include tiered pricing based on minute volumes. The Company determined that its retroactive tiered pricing
should be accounted for as variable consideration because the final transaction price is unknown until the customer completes or fails
to complete the specified threshold. Currently, contracts with retroactive tiered pricing are not material. The Company estimates the
amount of variable consideration to include in the transaction price only to the extent that it is probable that a subsequent change
in the estimate would not result in a significant revenue reversal.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company enters into Notification of Reciprocal Transmission (&#8220;NORT&#8221;) transactions, in which the Company commits to purchase
a specific number of wholesale carrier minutes to specific destinations at specified rates, and the counterparty commits to purchase
from the Company a specific number of minutes to specific destinations at specified rates. The number of minutes purchased and sold is
not necessarily the same. The rates in these reciprocal transactions are generally not at prevailing market rates, and the amounts paid
to the counterparty in excess of market rates are reflected as a reduction in revenue received from the customer. In addition, the Company
enters into transactions in which it swaps minutes with another carrier. The Company recognizes revenue and the related direct cost of
revenue for these reciprocal and swap transactions based on the fair value of the minutes.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">IDT
Global&#8217;s NORT contracts include the promise of minimum guaranteed amounts of traffic. The performance obligation represents a stand
ready obligation to provide the specified number of minutes over the contractual term. The initial terms of NORT contracts generally
range from one month to six months. Since the Company&#8217;s satisfaction of its performance obligation of routing calls to their destination
includes a minimum guaranteed amount of traffic, the Company recognizes revenue over a period of time as the service is rendered. The
customer simultaneously receives and consumes the benefits provided by the Company&#8217;s performance as the Company performs. The Company
uses an output method as the usage of minutes occur because it reflects the pattern by which the Company satisfies its performance obligation
through the transfer of service to the customer.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>National
Retail Solutions</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">NRS
earns revenue from (1) the sale of POS terminals to retailers, (2) a monthly recurring charge for its software license, software upgrades,
and help desk support (collectively, the &#8220;Software services&#8221;), (3) fees for advertising on the POS terminals, (4) sales of
the data collected by the POS terminals to data aggregators and others, and (5) merchant services&#8217; commissions for the processing
of credit and debit card transactions on the POS terminals.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">NRS
sells its POS terminals to retailers. The terminals include a cash register, a barcode scanner, retailer
and customer-facing hi-definition screens, a receipt printer, and a credit card reader. The arrangement with the customer includes the
equipment sale including embedded POS software, as well as the Software services. Each hardware component and the Software services is
a separate performance obligation because each is a distinct good or service that can be obtained from alternate providers. The transaction
price is allocated to each performance obligation based on the relative standalone selling price (&#8220;SSP&#8221;). The SSP reflects
the amount the Company would charge for each performance obligation if it were sold separately in a standalone sale to similar customers
in similar circumstances. The SSP for POS terminals is generally estimated using the cost plus expected gross margin approach. Equipment revenue is recognized
at the point in time when the customer has physical possession of the POS terminal, which is when the customer can use the POS terminal
and embedded software and has the risks and rewards of ownership. Revenue from the Software services is recognized ratably over the term
of the contract because satisfaction of the performance obligation and the customer&#8217;s use of the service occur evenly over the
term.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">NRS
sells advertising on the POS terminal&#8217;s high-definition screens through internal sales agents, third-party brokers, and real-time
auctions on exchange platforms known as programmatic advertising. For advertising sold through its agents or a broker, as well as for
a portion of its programmatic advertising, NRS is the principal because it is responsible for performing the service by delivering advertisements
according to the customer&#8217;s requirements. For the portion of its programmatic advertising where NRS does not control the ad space
before it is provided to the customer, NRS acts as an agent of the advertising exchange. NRS records gross revenues based on the amount
billed to the customer when it is the principal in the arrangement and records revenue net of the associated costs incurred when it acts
as an agent in the arrangement. The performance obligation is satisfied, and revenue is recognized during the period of time when the
advertisement is broadcast on the POS terminal.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center">&#160;</p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">NRS
captures targeted, daily data from the POS terminals that it sells to customers. The performance obligation is the provision of a data
report, generally one report per POS terminal per week, where each report is a distinct good that is not interrelated with another report.
Customers purchase data reports generally for an annual fee per POS terminal. The consideration is variable because it depends on the
number of POS terminals selected. The performance obligation is satisfied, and revenue is recognized, at the point in time when the customer
receives a data report because the customer obtains control and has the benefit of the data. The amount recognized per report is the
same for each report since each report has the same standalone value to the customer.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">NRS&#8217;
merchant services, called NRS PAY, enable retailers to accept and process payments made by credit cards, debit cards, electronic benefits transfer, and other forms of electronic payment. NRS PAY revenue is
a monthly fee plus a percentage of the transaction amount plus a flat rate per transaction. There is no separate charge for the credit
card reader provided to the retailers, which remains NRS&#8217; property and must be returned upon termination of NRS PAY. Merchant services
are provided as an agent of the payment processor or funding bank, therefore NRS records revenue net of the associated costs incurred.
The performance obligation is satisfied, and revenue is recognized when the payment is processed.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
retailers&#8217; use of the credit card reader is a separate performance obligation that meets the definition of a lease. The lease consideration
is included in the NRS PAY monthly recurring charge. NRS accounts for the non-lease and lease components as a single performance obligation
in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification <i>Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) </i>(&#8220;ASC 606&#8221;)
because the timing and pattern of transfer of both components is the same, and the non-lease component is the predominant component.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>net2phone</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">net2phone
earns revenue primarily through the provision of cloud communications services for businesses. The services are priced on a per-seat basis,
and its subscription revenue is a monthly fee per seat. Revenue is primarily recognized over the monthly service period. Revenue from
the sale of telephone equipment is recognized at a point in time when the equipment is delivered to the customer.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">net2phone
leases telephone equipment to certain customers, which is a separate performance obligation that meets the definition of a lease. The
lease consideration is included in the monthly recurring charge. net2phone accounts for the non-lease and lease components as a single
performance obligation in accordance with ASC 606 because the timing and pattern of transfer of both components is the same, and the
non-lease component is the predominant component.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>BOSS
Money</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Revenues
from international money transfers are primarily from transaction fees charged to the customer based on the amount sent and the send
and receive locations. In addition, revenues are earned on the foreign currency exchange based on the difference between purchasing currency
at wholesale exchange rates and selling the currency at retail exchange rates. The Company satisfies its international money transfer
performance obligations and recognizes revenue at a point in time when the designated
recipient receives the funds, as the Company has a right to payment and the customer has use of the service. </span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Disaggregated
Revenues</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" escape="true" id="Fact001289" name="us-gaap:ScheduleOfEntityWideInformationRevenueFromExternalCustomersByProductsAndServicesTextBlock"><p id="xdx_89F_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfEntityWideInformationRevenueFromExternalCustomersByProductsAndServicesTextBlock_zNFwZjHcco0e" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
following table shows the Company&#8217;s revenues disaggregated by business segment and service offered to customers:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span id="xdx_8B3_zugOsZQtxgza" style="display: none">Schedule of Revenues Disaggregated by Business Segment and Service Offered to Customers</span></p>

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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
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    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_49D_20230801__20240731_zAOORw7bicmf" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_496_20220801__20230731_zfsg47kQGqKa" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_493_20210801__20220731_zH05XIXgbwy1" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2022</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td></tr>
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    <td style="width: 52%; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">National Retail Solutions</td><td style="width: 2%; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Total Fintech</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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<ix:exclude><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 18; Value: 1 -->
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

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<p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span id="xdx_8BC_z04CQfslNBah" style="display: none">Schedule of Revenues Disaggregated by Geographic Region</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr id="xdx_43F_c20230801__20240731__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__custom--OthersMember_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_z9sMKr5acKUc" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr id="xdx_43D_c20230801__20240731__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__us-gaap--NonUsMember_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zVKxKSCv6Sg4" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr id="xdx_435_c20230801__20240731_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zAzcrj7NFmg4" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">TOTAL</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_43D_c20220801__20230731__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__country--US_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zHrjb9tevTN8" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_43C_c20220801__20230731__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__country--GB_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zDPDfQyUb1G8" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">United Kingdom</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1377">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1378">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1379">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:Revenues" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31_country_GB_custom_TraditionalCommunicationsMember" id="Fact001380" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">267,697</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:Revenues" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31_country_GB" id="Fact001381" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">267,697</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_432_c20220801__20230731__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__custom--OthersMember_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zelNpUyJGNgi" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">Other</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1383">&#8212;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:Revenues" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31_custom_OthersMember_custom_FintechMember" id="Fact001384" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">2,727</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:Revenues" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31_custom_OthersMember_custom_Net2phoneMember" id="Fact001385" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">34,359</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:Revenues" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31_custom_OthersMember_custom_TraditionalCommunicationsMember" id="Fact001386" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">41,851</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:Revenues" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31_custom_OthersMember" id="Fact001387" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">78,937</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_432_c20220801__20230731__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__us-gaap--NonUsMember_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zCKwQAeLn6Y3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">Total outside the United States</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1389">&#8212;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:Revenues" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31_us-gaap_NonUsMember_custom_FintechMember" id="Fact001390" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">2,727</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:Revenues" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31_us-gaap_NonUsMember_custom_Net2phoneMember" id="Fact001391" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">34,359</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:Revenues" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31_us-gaap_NonUsMember_custom_TraditionalCommunicationsMember" id="Fact001392" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">309,548</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:Revenues" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31_us-gaap_NonUsMember" id="Fact001393" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">346,634</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_439_c20220801__20230731_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_z38UviCjvS33" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">TOTAL</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:Revenues" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31_custom_FintechMember" id="Fact001396" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">86,610</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:Revenues" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31_custom_Net2phoneMember" id="Fact001397" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">72,388</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:Revenues" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31_custom_TraditionalCommunicationsMember" id="Fact001398" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">1,002,741</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:Revenues" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31" id="Fact001399" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">1,238,854</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-weight: bold">Year ended July 31, 2022</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr id="xdx_434_c20210801__20220731__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__country--US_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zqVcleblNGLa" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_432_c20210801__20220731__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__country--GB_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zUr6hJLzcGJe" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr id="xdx_436_c20210801__20220731__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__custom--OthersMember_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_z7Vemjtc5cf9" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:Revenues" contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31_custom_OthersMember" id="Fact001417" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">78,675</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_430_c20210801__20220731__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__us-gaap--NonUsMember_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zVJ4CND8eEC7" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">Total outside the United States</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1419">&#8212;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:Revenues" contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31_us-gaap_NonUsMember_custom_FintechMember" id="Fact001420" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">1,995</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:Revenues" contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31_us-gaap_NonUsMember_custom_Net2phoneMember" id="Fact001421" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">27,902</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:Revenues" contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31_us-gaap_NonUsMember_custom_TraditionalCommunicationsMember" id="Fact001422" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">360,625</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:Revenues" contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31_us-gaap_NonUsMember" id="Fact001423" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">390,522</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_437_c20210801__20220731_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zuDZPUZBsqml" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">TOTAL</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:Revenues" contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31_custom_FintechMember" id="Fact001426" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">64,593</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:Revenues" contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31_custom_Net2phoneMember" id="Fact001427" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">58,185</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:Revenues" contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31_custom_TraditionalCommunicationsMember" id="Fact001428" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">1,189,980</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:Revenues" contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31" id="Fact001429" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">1,364,057</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  </table>
</ix:nonNumeric><p id="xdx_8AC_zPZHcB71Kdz9" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Remaining
Performance Obligations</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" escape="true" id="Fact001431" name="us-gaap:RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionTableTextBlock"><p id="xdx_89C_eus-gaap--RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionTableTextBlock_zBvD8ViZ0NE2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
following table includes revenue by business segment expected to be recognized in the future from performance obligations that were unsatisfied
or partially unsatisfied as of July 31, 2024. The table excludes contracts that had an original expected duration of one year or less.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span id="xdx_8BA_zh2izD0Kmx53" style="display: none">Schedule of Estimated Revenue by Business Segment</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">(in thousands)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_490_20240731__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember_zC1XlVcRSnxh" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">National Retail Solutions</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_49E_20240731__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--Net2phoneMember_zzBnDhkfj4lc" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">net2phone</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_498_20240731_z5e8OOg8fjAe" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">Total</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td>Year ending July 31:</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligation_iI_hus-gaap--RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis__2025-08-01_zzHim3RJM8J" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; width: 52%; text-align: left"><span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionPeriod1_iI_dxL_c20240731__us-gaap--RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis__2025-08-01_zEtpEIDzJ6C4" title="Remaining Performance Obligations, Years::XDX::P1Y"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1437">2025</span></span></td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 12%; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligation" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31_custom_NationalRetailSolutionsMember_2025-08-01" id="Fact001433" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">6,359</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 12%; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligation" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31_custom_Net2phoneMember_2025-08-01" id="Fact001434" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">39,537</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 12%; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligation" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31_2025-08-01" id="Fact001435" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">45,896</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_403_eus-gaap--RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligation_iI_hus-gaap--RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis__2026-08-01_znBWh6BkLlg4" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"><span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionPeriod1_iI_dxL_c20240731__us-gaap--RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis__2026-08-01_zx6E13lXACSc" title="Remaining Performance Obligations, Years::XDX::P1Y"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1443">2026</span></span></td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligation" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31_custom_NationalRetailSolutionsMember_2026-08-01" id="Fact001439" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">5,263</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligation" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31_custom_Net2phoneMember_2026-08-01" id="Fact001440" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">18,983</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligation" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31_2026-08-01" id="Fact001441" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">24,246</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligation_iI_hus-gaap--RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis__2027-08-01_z5cbMoSRRjgj" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionPeriod1_iI_dxL_c20240731__us-gaap--RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis__2027-08-01_zwq4hSzxz4v5" title="Remaining Performance Obligations, Years::XDX::P0Y"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1449">Thereafter</span></span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligation" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31_custom_NationalRetailSolutionsMember_2027-08-01" id="Fact001445" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">4,828</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligation" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31_custom_Net2phoneMember_2027-08-01" id="Fact001446" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">6,627</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligation" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31_2027-08-01" id="Fact001447" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">11,455</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligation_iI_hus-gaap--RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis__2024-07-31_zuheD8doxfWg" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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</ix:nonNumeric><p id="xdx_8AB_zdCMBAQLO9j8" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


<ix:exclude><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 19; Value: 1 -->
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    <div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><td style="text-align: center; width: 100%">&#160;</td></tr></table></div>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Accounts
Receivable and Contract Balances</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
timing of revenue recognition may differ from the time of billing to the Company&#8217;s customers. Trade accounts receivable in the
Company&#8217;s consolidated balance sheets represent unconditional rights to consideration. The Company would record a contract asset
when revenue is recognized in advance of its right to bill and receive consideration. The Company has not currently identified any contract
assets.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Contract
liabilities arise when the Company receives consideration or bills its customers prior to providing the goods or services promised in
the contract. The Company&#8217;s contract liability balance is primarily payments received for prepaid BOSS Revolution. Contract
liabilities are recognized as revenue when services are provided to the customer. The contract liability balances are presented in the
Company&#8217;s consolidated balance sheets as &#8220;Deferred revenue&#8221;. The Company&#8217;s revenue recognized in fiscal 2024,
fiscal 2023, and fiscal 2022 from amounts included in the contract liability balance at the beginning of the period was $<span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--ContractWithCustomerLiabilityRevenueRecognized_pn5n6_c20230801__20240731_zHLKiTuQDIQ9" title="Contract liability"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ContractWithCustomerLiabilityRevenueRecognized" contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" id="Fact001457" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">22.1</ix:nonFraction></span> million,
$<span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--ContractWithCustomerLiabilityRevenueRecognized_pn5n6_c20220801__20230731_zlwuMC1AbQM8" title="Contract liability"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ContractWithCustomerLiabilityRevenueRecognized" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31" id="Fact001459" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">23.5</ix:nonFraction></span> million, and $<span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--ContractWithCustomerLiabilityRevenueRecognized_pn5n6_c20210801__20220731_zqhqWU7ct5Dl" title="Contract liability"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ContractWithCustomerLiabilityRevenueRecognized" contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31" id="Fact001461" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">28.2</ix:nonFraction></span> million, respectively.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company estimates its expected breakage revenue by revenue stream recorded each month, based on inputs and assumptions about usage of
the deferred revenue balances. The Company used its historical deferred revenue usage data by revenue stream to calculate the percentage
of deferred revenue by month that will become breakage. The historical data indicated that customers utilized a very high percentage
of minutes purchased in the first three months. The Company periodically reviews its estimates based on updated data and adjusts the
monthly estimates accordingly.</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Deferred
Customer Contract Acquisition and Fulfillment Costs</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company recognizes as an asset its incremental costs of obtaining a contract with a customer that it expects to recover. The
Company&#8217;s incremental costs of obtaining a contract with a customer are sales commissions paid to employees and third parties
on sales to end users. If the amortization period were one year or less for the asset that would be recognized from deferring these costs,
the Company applies the practical expedient whereby the Company charges these costs to expense when incurred.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company&#8217;s costs to fulfill its contracts do not meet the criteria to be recognized as an asset, therefore these costs are charged
to expense as incurred.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" escape="true" id="Fact001463" name="us-gaap:CapitalizedContractCostTableTextBlock"><p id="xdx_892_eus-gaap--CapitalizedContractCostTableTextBlock_zmuLxYdhylJ1" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company&#8217;s deferred customer contract acquisition costs were as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span id="xdx_8B7_z7JKZsKGlE9g" style="display: none">Schedule of Deferred Customer Contract Acquisition Costs</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
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    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_49E_20240731_z7ISSQpkMJ86" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_494_20230731_zKIQpEP9TUZg" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_403_eus-gaap--CapitalizedContractCostNetCurrent_iI_pn3n3_maCCCNzHg2_zglHkE0yYZOe" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 60%; text-align: left">Deferred customer contract acquisition costs included in &#8220;Other current assets&#8221;</td><td style="width: 2%; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 16%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:CapitalizedContractCostNetCurrent" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31" id="Fact001465" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">4,823</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 16%; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:CapitalizedContractCostNetCurrent" contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31" id="Fact001466" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">4,460</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--CapitalizedContractCostNetNoncurrent_iI_pn3n3_maCCCNzHg2_z0uzgtkmkeN6" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Deferred customer contract acquisition costs included in &#8220;Other assets&#8221;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:CapitalizedContractCostNetNoncurrent" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31" id="Fact001468" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">4,276</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:CapitalizedContractCostNetNoncurrent" contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31" id="Fact001469" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">3,734</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_403_eus-gaap--CapitalizedContractCostNet_iTI_pn3n3_mtCCCNzHg2_zQPeA50OnI0h" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">TOTAL</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:CapitalizedContractCostNet" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31" id="Fact001471" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">9,099</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:CapitalizedContractCostNet" contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31" id="Fact001472" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">8,194</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  </table>

</ix:nonNumeric><p id="xdx_8A0_z6QkyvUDnNGa" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
fiscal 2024, fiscal 2023, and fiscal 2022, the Company&#8217;s amortization of deferred customer contract acquisition costs was $<span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--CapitalizedContractCostAmortization_pn5n6_c20230801__20240731_zjWhDM4VkF34" title="Capitalized contract cost, amortization"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:CapitalizedContractCostAmortization" contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" id="Fact001474" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">5.8</ix:nonFraction></span>
million, $<span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--CapitalizedContractCostAmortization_pn5n6_c20220801__20230731_zelShfJ82rV1" title="Capitalized contract cost, amortization"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:CapitalizedContractCostAmortization" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31" id="Fact001476" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">4.9</ix:nonFraction></span> million, and $<span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--CapitalizedContractCostAmortization_pn5n6_c20210801__20220731_zqmQQSoUNyi9" title="Capitalized contract cost, amortization"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:CapitalizedContractCostAmortization" contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31" id="Fact001478" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">4.4</ix:nonFraction></span> million, respectively.</span></p>
<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" escape="true" id="Fact001480" name="us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeasesTextBlock"><p id="xdx_803_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeasesTextBlock_z4jlPMKjcXsh" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Note
4&#8212;<span id="xdx_829_zN6LynBJVow9">Leases</span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company&#8217;s leases primarily consist of operating leases for office space. These leases have remaining terms from less than <span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseTermOfContract_iI_dc_c20240731__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MinimumMember_zPvD6Tnuxep1" title="Lessee, operating lease, term of contract"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31_srt_MinimumMember" format="ixt-sec:durwordsen" id="Fact001482" name="us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseTermOfContract">one year</ix:nonNumeric></span>
to <span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseTermOfContract_iI_dc_c20240731__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MaximumMember_z3MLdThGYuY3" title="Lessee, operating lease, term of contract"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31_srt_MaximumMember" format="ixt-sec:durwordsen" id="Fact001484" name="us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseTermOfContract">six years</ix:nonNumeric></span>. Certain of these leases include renewal options that may be exercised and/or options to terminate the lease. The Company
has concluded that it is not reasonably certain that it would exercise any of these options.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company leases office and parking space in a building and parking garage located at 520 Broad St, Newark, New Jersey that was previously
owned by Rafael Holdings, Inc. (&#8220;Rafael&#8221;), a related party. On August 22, 2022, Rafael sold the building
and parking garage to an unrelated third party. The Company&#8217;s lease in that property continues with the new owner. The Company
leases office space in Israel from Rafael. Howard S. Jonas, the Chairman of the Company and the Chairman of the Company&#8217;s Board
of Directors is also the Chairman of the Board of Directors and Executive Chairman of Rafael. <span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseDescription_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--GeographicDistributionAxis__custom--NewarkMember_zOwr0lzoT0a5" title="Lessee operating lease, description"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_custom_NewarkMember" id="Fact001486" name="us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseDescription">The Newark lease expires in April 2025
and the Israel lease expires in July 2025</ix:nonNumeric></span>. In fiscal 2024, fiscal 2023, and fiscal 2022, the Company incurred lease costs in connection
with the Rafael leases of $<span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseCost_pn5n6_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--RafaelHoldingsIncMember_zQZs86Qqs6Vf" title="Incurred lease cost"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OperatingLeaseCost" contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_custom_RafaelHoldingsIncMember" id="Fact001488" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">0.1</ix:nonFraction></span> million, $<span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseCost_pn5n6_c20220801__20230731__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--RafaelHoldingsIncMember_zp5Alp0kl1j6" title="Incurred lease cost"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OperatingLeaseCost" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31_custom_RafaelHoldingsIncMember" id="Fact001490" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">0.3</ix:nonFraction></span> million (which excludes Newark lease costs after August 22, 2022), and $<span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseCost_pn5n6_c20210801__20220731__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--RafaelHoldingsIncMember_ze7PmWnUjsle" title="Incurred lease cost"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OperatingLeaseCost" contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31_custom_RafaelHoldingsIncMember" id="Fact001492" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">2.0</ix:nonFraction></span> million, respectively.
Lease costs incurred in connection with the Rafael leases are included in operating lease cost in the table below.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>


<ix:exclude><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 20; Value: 1 -->
    <div style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; margin-bottom: 6pt"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><td style="text-align: center; width: 100%">F-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->20<!-- Field: /Sequence --></td></tr></table></div>
    <div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><td style="text-align: center; width: 100%">&#160;</td></tr></table></div>
    <!-- Field: /Page --></ix:exclude>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" escape="true" id="Fact001494" name="us-gaap:LeaseCostTableTextBlock"><p id="xdx_89C_eus-gaap--LeaseCostTableTextBlock_zsYISjrUJHzf" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Supplemental
disclosures related to the Company&#8217;s operating leases were as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span id="xdx_8B2_zHpLEnnEi8sa" style="display: none">Schedule of Supplemental Disclosures Related to the Company's Operating Leases</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">Year ended July 31 <br/> (in thousands)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_495_20230801__20240731_zi3eoGY6eWAl" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_497_20220801__20230731_z30z49p3toPj" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseCost_pn3n3_zNqU7SwHBQvh" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 52%; text-align: left">Operating lease cost</td><td style="width: 2%; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 12%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OperatingLeaseCost" contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" id="Fact001496" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">2,557</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
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  <tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--ShortTermLeaseCost_pn3n3_zCVUjtrpjlN9" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--LeaseCost_pn3n3_zROH8j7tzwSb" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_405_eus-gaap--OperatingLeasePayments_pn3n3_zVqnH8yJpxWk" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OperatingLeasePayments" contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" id="Fact001508" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">2,588</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OperatingLeasePayments" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31" id="Fact001509" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">3,262</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--OperatingLeasePayments_pn3n3_zmELZXkvld9l" style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify; padding-bottom: 1pt">Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities: Operating cash flows from operating leases</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OperatingLeasePayments" contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" id="Fact001512" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">2,588</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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  </table>

</ix:nonNumeric><p id="xdx_8A5_zAxz871YnjWh" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" escape="true" id="Fact001516" name="IDT:ScheduleOfSupplementalDisclosuresRelatedWeightedAverageOperatingLeasesTableTextBlock"><p id="xdx_89B_ecustom--ScheduleOfSupplementalDisclosuresRelatedWeightedAverageOperatingLeasesTableTextBlock_zEOBXYC1s9Xl" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_8B1_zPYCt44yZdh9" style="display: none">Schedule of Supplemental Disclosures Related Weighted Average Operating Leases</span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">July 31</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Weighted-average remaining lease term-operating leases</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageRemainingLeaseTerm1_iI_dtY_c20240731_zrlKQFVSYgq2" title="Operating lease, weighted average remaining lease term"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31" format="ixt-sec:duryear" id="Fact001518" name="us-gaap:OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageRemainingLeaseTerm1">2.6</ix:nonNumeric></span> years</b></span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageRemainingLeaseTerm1_iI_dtY_c20230731_zTsCqGin9A5a" title="Operating lease, weighted average remaining lease term"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31" format="ixt-sec:duryear" id="Fact001520" name="us-gaap:OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageRemainingLeaseTerm1">2.3</ix:nonNumeric></span> years</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="width: 60%; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Weighted-average discount rate-operating leases</td><td style="width: 2%; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 16%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageDiscountRatePercent_iI_pid_dp_uPure_c20240731_zzdkgXQP5ys9" title="Operating lease, weighted average discount rate, percent"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageDiscountRatePercent" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31" id="Fact001522" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" scale="-2" unitRef="Pure">5.6</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">%</td><td style="width: 2%; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 16%; text-align: right"><span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageDiscountRatePercent_iI_pid_dp_uPure_c20230731_zh0kg3Btcpui" title="Operating lease, weighted average discount rate, percent"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageDiscountRatePercent" contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31" id="Fact001524" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" scale="-2" unitRef="Pure">3.7</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">%</td></tr>
  </table>

</ix:nonNumeric><p id="xdx_8A9_z0YEqSbvzMpb" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
fiscal 2024, fiscal 2023, and fiscal 2022, the Company obtained right-of-use assets of $<span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--RightOfUseAssetObtainedInExchangeForOperatingLeaseLiability_pn5n6_c20230801__20240731_zBpU2i09AwW5" title="Right of use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:RightOfUseAssetObtainedInExchangeForOperatingLeaseLiability" contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" id="Fact001526" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">0.9</ix:nonFraction></span> million, $<span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--RightOfUseAssetObtainedInExchangeForOperatingLeaseLiability_pn5n6_c20220801__20230731_zjtlSpwORcYc" title="Right of use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:RightOfUseAssetObtainedInExchangeForOperatingLeaseLiability" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31" id="Fact001528" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">1.8</ix:nonFraction></span> million, and $<span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--RightOfUseAssetObtainedInExchangeForOperatingLeaseLiability_pn5n6_c20210801__20220731_zv694m0xjzPd" title="Right of use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:RightOfUseAssetObtainedInExchangeForOperatingLeaseLiability" contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31" id="Fact001530" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">2.2</ix:nonFraction></span> million,
respectively, in exchange for new operating lease liabilities. In addition, in fiscal 2024, the Company modified its lease at 520 Broad
St, Newark, New Jersey and reduced the related right-of-use asset by $<span id="xdx_90C_ecustom--RightOfUseAssetReductionFromLeaseModification_iI_pn5n6_c20240731_zrWx1TvNgsPi" title="Right of use assets"><ix:nonFraction name="IDT:RightOfUseAssetReductionFromLeaseModification" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31" id="Fact001532" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">0.8</ix:nonFraction></span> million and the related operating lease liability by $<span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingLeaseLiability_pn5n6_c20230801__20240731_z515sUAzTD3j" title="Reduction in operating lease liability"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingLeaseLiability" contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" id="Fact001534" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">0.9</ix:nonFraction></span> million.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" escape="true" id="Fact001536" name="IDT:ScheduleOfOperatingLeaseLiabilityTableTextBlock"><p id="xdx_891_ecustom--ScheduleOfOperatingLeaseLiabilityTableTextBlock_zHUKYacN2bK9" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company&#8217;s aggregate operating lease liability was as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span id="xdx_8B7_zr1v0aBwmhf" style="display: none">Schedule of Aggregate Operating Lease Liability</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">July 31 <br/> (in thousands)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_491_20240731_zRREVTepDxSk" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_496_20230731_znmhV8mwk3i6" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent_iI_pn3n3_maOLLzDbj_zkYBcHEGwge4" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 60%; text-align: left">Operating lease liabilities included in &#8220;<span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrentStatementOfFinancialPositionExtensibleList_iI_dxL_c20230731_zP7WbydcwYy8" title="::XDX::http%3A%2F%2Ffasb.org%2Fus-gaap%2F2024%23OtherLiabilitiesCurrent"><span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrentStatementOfFinancialPositionExtensibleList_iI_dxL_c20240731_zuTHYpqpX6Sd" title="::XDX::http%3A%2F%2Ffasb.org%2Fus-gaap%2F2024%23OtherLiabilitiesCurrent"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1540"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1541">Other current liabilities</span></span></span></span>&#8221;</td><td style="width: 2%; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 16%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31" id="Fact001538" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">1,866</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 16%; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent" contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31" id="Fact001539" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">2,861</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent_iI_pn3n3_maOLLzDbj_zA9gw6OtuWXf" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Operating lease liabilities included in noncurrent liabilities</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31" id="Fact001543" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">1,533</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent" contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31" id="Fact001544" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">2,881</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40C_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseLiability_iTI_pn3n3_mtOLLzDbj_zJsC8YEhoMhg" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">TOTAL</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiability" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31" id="Fact001546" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">3,399</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiability" contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31" id="Fact001547" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">5,742</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  </table>

</ix:nonNumeric><p id="xdx_8A6_zBonc7MQ5taa" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" escape="true" id="Fact001549" name="us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityMaturityTableTextBlock"><p id="xdx_890_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityMaturityTableTextBlock_zGVwfFECj1ek" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Future
minimum maturities of operating lease liabilities were as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;<span id="xdx_8B4_zkYFeuLmOupc" style="display: none">Schedule of Future Minimum Maturities of Operating Lease Liabilities</span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">(in thousands)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_49F_20240731_zw2u7whHLB86" style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">Year ending July 31:</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_404_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueNextRollingTwelveMonths_iI_pn3n3_maLOLLPzXtU_zwAXmw6RZJqe" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; width: 78%; text-align: left">2025</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
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  <tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearTwo_iI_pn3n3_maLOLLPzXtU_zKCfniT9hYR3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">2026</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearTwo" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31" id="Fact001553" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">699</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearThree_iI_pn3n3_maLOLLPzXtU_zTUcxEsY3u92" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">2027</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearThree" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31" id="Fact001555" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">490</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearFour_iI_pn3n3_maLOLLPzXtU_zABO13U99R6e" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">2028</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearFour" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31" id="Fact001557" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">233</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_403_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearFive_iI_pn3n3_maLOLLPzXtU_ztOeVwepFDy1" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">2029</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearFive" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31" id="Fact001559" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">185</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_409_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueAfterRollingYearFive_iI_pn3n3_maLOLLPzXtU_zZydDXpgfOPj" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Thereafter</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueAfterRollingYearFive" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31" id="Fact001561" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">62</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue_iTI_pn3n3_mtLOLLPzXtU_z9gmXPll4na1" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Total lease payments</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31" id="Fact001563" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">3,671</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_405_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityUndiscountedExcessAmount_iNI_pn3n3_di_z7d0UvSEkwt1" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Less imputed interest</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityUndiscountedExcessAmount" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31" id="Fact001565" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">272</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseLiability_iI_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Total operating lease liabilities</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiability" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31" id="Fact001567" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">3,399</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  </table>

</ix:nonNumeric><p id="xdx_8A1_z9lkHxiLUEXf" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" escape="true" id="Fact001569" name="us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsDisclosureTextBlock"><p id="xdx_808_eus-gaap--CashAndCashEquivalentsDisclosureTextBlock_zA58QpV4Id4h" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Note
5&#8212;<span id="xdx_82F_z6SKveipPm8l">Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents</span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" escape="true" id="Fact001571" name="us-gaap:ScheduleOfCashAndCashEquivalentsTableTextBlock"><p id="xdx_89A_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfCashAndCashEquivalentsTableTextBlock_zUogZGdTJZf5" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash and cash equivalents reported in the consolidated
balance sheets that equals the total of the same amounts reported in the consolidated statements of cash flows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span id="xdx_8B5_z09Bd8MI8TAl" style="display: none">Schedule of Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">July 31 <br/> (in thousands)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_493_20240731_zVhC94RRoAnk" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_49F_20230731_zf741tTuQqLg" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_iI_pn3n3_maCCERCzDIV_z2yttfNjItfd" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 60%; text-align: left">Cash and cash equivalents</td><td style="width: 2%; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 16%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31" id="Fact001573" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">164,557</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 16%; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue" contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31" id="Fact001574" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">103,637</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_iI_pn3n3_maCCERCzDIV_z5vNHszU1RM8" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Restricted cash and cash equivalents</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31" id="Fact001576" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">90,899</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue" contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31" id="Fact001577" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">95,186</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_403_eus-gaap--CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents_iTI_pn3n3_mtCCERCzDIV_zrvdqX7ohgEc" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">TOTAL CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS, AND RESTRICTED CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31" id="Fact001579" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">255,456</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents" contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31" id="Fact001580" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">198,823</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  </table>

</ix:nonNumeric><p id="xdx_8A0_zGZdnCPgB7Kb" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


<ix:exclude><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 21; Value: 1 -->
    <div style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; margin-bottom: 6pt"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><td style="text-align: center; width: 100%">F-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->21<!-- Field: /Sequence --></td></tr></table></div>
    <div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><td style="text-align: center; width: 100%">&#160;</td></tr></table></div>
    <!-- Field: /Page --></ix:exclude>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">At
July 31, 2024 and 2023, restricted cash and cash equivalents included $<span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_iI_pn5n6_c20240731__srt--ProductOrServiceAxis__custom--IDTFinancialServicesLimitedMember_z2aQMRVx7Be3" title="Restricted cash and cash equivalents, current"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31_custom_IDTFinancialServicesLimitedMember" id="Fact001582" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">83.3</ix:nonFraction></span> million and $<span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_iI_pn5n6_c20230731__srt--ProductOrServiceAxis__custom--IDTFinancialServicesLimitedMember_zd0HX8FNM293" title="Restricted cash and cash equivalents, current"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue" contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31_custom_IDTFinancialServicesLimitedMember" id="Fact001584" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">87.3</ix:nonFraction></span> million, respectively, in restricted cash
and cash equivalents for customer deposits held by IDT Financial Services. Certain of the electronic money financial services regulations
in Gibraltar require IDT Financial Services to safeguard cash held for customer deposits, segregate cash held for customer deposits from
any other cash that IDT Financial Services holds and utilize the cash only for the intended payment transaction.</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Company
Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company treats unrestricted cash and cash equivalents held by IDT Payment Services, Inc. and IDT Payment Services of New York, LLC, which
provide the Company&#8217;s international money transfer services in the United States, as substantially restricted and unavailable for
other purposes. At July 31, 2024 and 2023, &#8220;Cash and cash equivalents&#8221; in the Company&#8217;s consolidated balance sheets
included an aggregate of $<span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_iI_pn5n6_c20240731__srt--ProductOrServiceAxis__custom--IDTPaymentServicesMember_zJdvIUlzxnNk" title="Cash and cash equivalents, at carrying value"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31_custom_IDTPaymentServicesMember" id="Fact001586" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">55.9</ix:nonFraction></span> million and $<span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_iI_pn5n6_c20230731__srt--ProductOrServiceAxis__custom--IDTPaymentServicesMember_zFxMUCj5NG69" title="Cash and cash equivalents, at carrying value"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue" contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31_custom_IDTPaymentServicesMember" id="Fact001588" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">20.6</ix:nonFraction></span> million, respectively, held by IDT Payment Services, Inc. and IDT Payment Services of
New York, LLC, that was unavailable for other purposes.</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" escape="true" id="Fact001590" name="us-gaap:BusinessCombinationDisclosureTextBlock"><p id="xdx_802_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationDisclosureTextBlock_z9hiNF3zkFcf" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Note
6&#8212;<span id="xdx_82B_zGt2Symknjr5">Acquisitions</span></span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Integra
CCS</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On
March 3, 2022, net2phone 2.0 purchased all of the outstanding shares of Onwaba S.R.L. and Gem S.R.L. for an aggregate purchase price
of up to $<span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferred1_pn5n6_c20220302__20220303__us-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionAxis__custom--IntegraCCSMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--NetTwophoneTwoZeroIncMember_zayT8XhcNkha" title="Business combination, consideration transferred"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferred1" contextRef="From2022-03-022022-03-03_custom_IntegraCCSMember_custom_NetTwophoneTwoZeroIncMember" id="Fact001592" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">15.0</ix:nonFraction></span> million. Onwaba S.R.L. and Gem S.R.L. are located in Uruguay and use the trade name Integra CCS. The operating results
of the acquired companies from the date of acquisition, which were not significant, are included in the Company&#8217;s consolidated
financial statements.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
purchase price consisted of: (a) cash of $<span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--PaymentsToAcquireBusinessesGross_pn5n6_c20220302__20220303__us-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionAxis__custom--IntegraCCSMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--NetTwophoneTwoZeroIncMember_zJWpqtnSQsB1" title="Payments to acquire businesses, gross"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquireBusinessesGross" contextRef="From2022-03-022022-03-03_custom_IntegraCCSMember_custom_NetTwophoneTwoZeroIncMember" id="Fact001594" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">7.2</ix:nonFraction></span> million that was paid at closing, (b) <span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesAcquisitions_pid_c20220302__20220303__us-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionAxis__custom--IntegraCCSMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--NetTwophoneTwoZeroIncMember__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_zL5OU6HOkWC4" title="Stock issued during period, shares, acquisitions"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesAcquisitions" contextRef="From2022-03-022022-03-03_custom_IntegraCCSMember_custom_NetTwophoneTwoZeroIncMember_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember" id="Fact001596" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares">27,765</ix:nonFraction></span> shares of the Company&#8217;s Class B common
stock with a value of $<span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueAcquisitions_pn5n6_c20220302__20220303__us-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionAxis__custom--IntegraCCSMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--NetTwophoneTwoZeroIncMember__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_zFR0ku5kUUJk" title="Stock issued during period, value, acquisitions"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueAcquisitions" contextRef="From2022-03-022022-03-03_custom_IntegraCCSMember_custom_NetTwophoneTwoZeroIncMember_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember" id="Fact001598" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">1.0</ix:nonFraction></span> million that were issued at closing, (c) cash of $<span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferredLiabilitiesIncurred_pn5n6_c20220302__20220303__us-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionAxis__custom--IntegraCCSMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--NetTwophoneTwoZeroIncMember_zjAEnAPIohrj" title="Business combination, consideration transferred, liabilities incurred"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferredLiabilitiesIncurred" contextRef="From2022-03-022022-03-03_custom_IntegraCCSMember_custom_NetTwophoneTwoZeroIncMember" id="Fact001600" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">3.3</ix:nonFraction></span> million, half of which was paid in fiscal 2023 and the
remainder was paid in fiscal 2024, and (d) <span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsDescription_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionAxis__custom--IntegraCCSMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--NetTwophoneTwoZeroIncMember_zC5b2qS03wFg" title="Contingent consideration, description"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_custom_IntegraCCSMember_custom_NetTwophoneTwoZeroIncMember" id="Fact001602" name="us-gaap:BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsDescription">contingent consideration of up to $<span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsRangeOfOutcomesValueHigh_iI_pn5n6_c20220303__us-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionAxis__custom--IntegraCCSMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--NetTwophoneTwoZeroIncMember_zFcCf7Zs30jc" title="Payment on contingent consideration"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsRangeOfOutcomesValueHigh" contextRef="AsOf2022-03-03_custom_IntegraCCSMember_custom_NetTwophoneTwoZeroIncMember" id="Fact001604" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">3.5</ix:nonFraction></span> million based on annual cumulative incremental recurring
seat revenue of the net2phone segment over a four-year period, payable in cash and/or equity at net2phone 2.0&#8217;s discretion</ix:nonNumeric></span>.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" escape="true" id="Fact001606" name="us-gaap:ScheduleOfBusinessAcquisitionsByAcquisitionContingentConsiderationTextBlock"><p id="xdx_890_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfBusinessAcquisitionsByAcquisitionContingentConsiderationTextBlock_zFhgQ9BjbdQj" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
acquisition date fair value of the consideration consisted of the following:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span id="xdx_8B3_z4ZgqhYRKmW4" style="display: none">Schedule of Acquisition Date Fair Value of Consideration</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: auto; border-collapse: collapse; width: 80%; margin-right: auto">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">(in thousands)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_49B_20220302__20220303__us-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionAxis__custom--IntegraCCSMember_zHiIUyIqRcVf">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_404_eus-gaap--PaymentsToAcquireBusinessesGross_pn3n3_zqV4F4zROTw7" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 78%; text-align: left">Cash paid</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 18%; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquireBusinessesGross" contextRef="From2022-03-022022-03-03_custom_IntegraCCSMember" id="Fact001608" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">7,200</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--CashAcquiredFromAcquisition_iN_pn3n3_di_zB9hF8wjk1p2" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Cash acquired</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:CashAcquiredFromAcquisition" contextRef="From2022-03-022022-03-03_custom_IntegraCCSMember" id="Fact001610" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">81</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_403_eus-gaap--PaymentsToAcquireBusinessesNetOfCashAcquired_pn3n3_zN5QJ7j0FOCi" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">Cash paid, net of cash acquired</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquireBusinessesNetOfCashAcquired" contextRef="From2022-03-022022-03-03_custom_IntegraCCSMember" id="Fact001612" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">7,119</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_406_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueAcquisitions_pn3n3_zFiPGGUFo3Xe" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Shares of the Company&#8217;s Class B common stock</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueAcquisitions" contextRef="From2022-03-022022-03-03_custom_IntegraCCSMember" id="Fact001614" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">1,000</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferredLiabilitiesIncurred_pn3n3_zCPs2tsw6G2i" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">Future payments subject to holdback</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferredLiabilitiesIncurred" contextRef="From2022-03-022022-03-03_custom_IntegraCCSMember" id="Fact001616" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">3,158</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Contingent consideration</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent_iI_pn3n3_c20220303__us-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionAxis__custom--IntegraCCSMember_zyhL9osDnRD2" title="Contingent consideration" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent" contextRef="AsOf2022-03-03_custom_IntegraCCSMember" id="Fact001618" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">1,361</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_409_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferred1_pn3n3_zfsFaQy1WDK" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Total fair value of consideration, net of cash acquired</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferred1" contextRef="From2022-03-022022-03-03_custom_IntegraCCSMember" id="Fact001620" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">12,638</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  </table>

</ix:nonNumeric><p id="xdx_8A3_z7qXI1546zLg" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
acquisition-date fair value of the contingent consideration was estimated using discounted cash flow models. This fair value measurement
was based on significant inputs not observable in the market and therefore represented a Level 3 measurement. There was no change in
the estimated fair value of the contingent consideration in the period from the acquisition date to July 31, 2023. In fiscal 2024, the
Company paid an aggregate of $<span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability1_pn5n6_c20230801__20240731_zWfZl7AW11Oi" title="Contingent consideration."><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability1" contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" id="Fact001622" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">0.5</ix:nonFraction></span> million of the contingent consideration.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_custom_IntegraCCSMember" escape="true" id="Fact001624" name="us-gaap:ScheduleOfBusinessAcquisitionsByAcquisitionTextBlock"><p id="xdx_89B_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfBusinessAcquisitionsByAcquisitionTextBlock_hus-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionAxis__custom--IntegraCCSMember_zFeb5eqmOol4" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
impact of the acquisition&#8217;s purchase price allocations on the Company&#8217;s consolidated balance sheet was as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span id="xdx_8B6_zICN0v9UKU61" style="display: none">Schedule of Impact of Acquisition's Purchase Price Allocations on Consolidated Balance Sheet</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: auto; border-collapse: collapse; width: 80%; margin-right: auto">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">(in thousands)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_496_20230303__us-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionAxis__custom--IntegraCCSMember_zlP4CJMN9GLl">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCurrentAssetsReceivables_iI_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 78%; text-align: left">Trade accounts receivable</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 18%; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCurrentAssetsReceivables" contextRef="AsOf2023-03-03_custom_IntegraCCSMember" id="Fact001626" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">332</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_404_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCurrentAssetsPrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssets_iI_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Prepaid expenses</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCurrentAssetsPrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssets" contextRef="AsOf2023-03-03_custom_IntegraCCSMember" id="Fact001628" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">4</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCurrentAssetsOther_iI_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">Other current assets</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCurrentAssetsOther" contextRef="AsOf2023-03-03_custom_IntegraCCSMember" id="Fact001630" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">21</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40C_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCurrentAssets_iI_pn3n3_zJAg4KRWUCWc" style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Current assets</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedPropertyPlantAndEquipment_iI_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Property, plant, and equipment (mainly acquired technology)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedPropertyPlantAndEquipment" contextRef="AsOf2023-03-03_custom_IntegraCCSMember" id="Fact001634" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">777</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_404_eus-gaap--Goodwill_iI_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td>Goodwill</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:Goodwill" contextRef="AsOf2023-03-03_custom_IntegraCCSMember" id="Fact001636" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">8,433</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_407_ecustom--BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCustomerRelationships_iI_pn3n3_zLncY2Eq1tKj" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Customer relationships (<span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetUsefulLife_iI_dtY_c20220303__us-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionAxis__custom--IntegraCCSMember__us-gaap--FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis__us-gaap--CustomerRelationshipsMember_z6vtuZJYgLgh" title="Useful lives, years" class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNjaGVkdWxlIG9mIEltcGFjdCBvZiBBY3F1aXNpdGlvbidzIFB1cmNoYXNlIFByaWNlIEFsbG9jYXRpb25zIG9uIENvbnNvbGlkYXRlZCBCYWxhbmNlIFNoZWV0IChEZXRhaWxzKSAoUGFyZW50aGV0aWNhbCkA"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="AsOf2022-03-03_custom_IntegraCCSMember_us-gaap_CustomerRelationshipsMember" format="ixt-sec:duryear" id="Fact001640" name="us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetUsefulLife">7</ix:nonNumeric></span>-year useful lives) </td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="IDT:BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCustomerRelationships" contextRef="AsOf2023-03-03_custom_IntegraCCSMember" id="Fact001638" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">2,230</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedIntangibles_iI_pn3n3_zq0gDZWa79Y9" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">Tradename (<span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetUsefulLife_iI_dtY_c20220303__us-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionAxis__custom--IntegraCCSMember__us-gaap--FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis__us-gaap--TradeNamesMember_zqArZHcNfkge" title="Useful lives, years" class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNjaGVkdWxlIG9mIEltcGFjdCBvZiBBY3F1aXNpdGlvbidzIFB1cmNoYXNlIFByaWNlIEFsbG9jYXRpb25zIG9uIENvbnNvbGlkYXRlZCBCYWxhbmNlIFNoZWV0IChEZXRhaWxzKSAoUGFyZW50aGV0aWNhbCkA"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="AsOf2022-03-03_custom_IntegraCCSMember_us-gaap_TradeNamesMember" format="ixt-sec:duryear" id="Fact001644" name="us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetUsefulLife">5</ix:nonNumeric></span>-year useful life)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedIntangibles" contextRef="AsOf2023-03-03_custom_IntegraCCSMember" id="Fact001642" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">400</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40F_ecustom--BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedNonCompleteAgreements_iI_pn3n3_z6ieKln4bZla" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Non-compete agreements (<span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetUsefulLife_iI_dtY_c20220303__us-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionAxis__custom--IntegraCCSMember__us-gaap--FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis__us-gaap--NoncompeteAgreementsMember_zpphyM6vnfH2" title="Useful lives, years" class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNjaGVkdWxlIG9mIEltcGFjdCBvZiBBY3F1aXNpdGlvbidzIFB1cmNoYXNlIFByaWNlIEFsbG9jYXRpb25zIG9uIENvbnNvbGlkYXRlZCBCYWxhbmNlIFNoZWV0IChEZXRhaWxzKSAoUGFyZW50aGV0aWNhbCkA"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="AsOf2022-03-03_custom_IntegraCCSMember_us-gaap_NoncompeteAgreementsMember" format="ixt-sec:duryear" id="Fact001648" name="us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetUsefulLife">6</ix:nonNumeric></span>-year useful lives)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="IDT:BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedNonCompleteAgreements" contextRef="AsOf2023-03-03_custom_IntegraCCSMember" id="Fact001646" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">660</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_406_ecustom--BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedOperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset_iI_pn3n3_zTydZqjmc0if" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">Operating lease right-of-use asset</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="IDT:BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedOperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset" contextRef="AsOf2023-03-03_custom_IntegraCCSMember" id="Fact001650" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">732</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_406_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedOtherNoncurrentAssets_iI_pn3n3_zVxJc6c1MUV9" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Other assets</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedOtherNoncurrentAssets" contextRef="AsOf2023-03-03_custom_IntegraCCSMember" id="Fact001652" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">24</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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    <td style="text-align: left">Deferred income tax assets</td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr id="xdx_40B_ecustom--BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedLiabilitiesOther_iNI_pn3n3_di_zS7AmnUp78S5" style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Operating lease liability noncurrent portion</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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</ix:nonNumeric><p id="xdx_8A3_zDZ6RsQVdpib" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


<ix:exclude><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 22; Value: 1 -->
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
goodwill was assigned to the net2phone segment and was attributable primarily to the assembled workforce and the expected synergies from
the business combination. The goodwill is not expected to be deductible for income tax purposes.</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Leaf
Global Fintech Corporation</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On
March 1, 2022, the Company&#8217;s subsidiary, IDT International Telecom, Inc. (&#8220;IDTIT&#8221;), purchased all of the outstanding
shares of Leaf Global Fintech Corporation (&#8220;Leaf&#8221;), a provider of digital wallet services in emerging markets, for up to
$<span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferred1_pn4n6_c20220227__20220301__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--IDTInternationalTelecomIncMember__us-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionAxis__custom--LeafGlobalFintechCorporationMember_z49O8CNL77O3" title="Business Combination, Consideration Transferred"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferred1" contextRef="From2022-02-272022-03-01_custom_IDTInternationalTelecomIncMember_custom_LeafGlobalFintechCorporationMember" id="Fact001668" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-4" scale="6" unitRef="USD">6.05</ix:nonFraction></span> million. Leaf&#8217;s operating results from the date of acquisition, which were not significant, are included in the Company&#8217;s
consolidated financial statements.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
purchase price was comprised of (a) $<span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--PaymentsToAcquireBusinessesGross_c20220227__20220301__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--IDTInternationalTelecomIncMember__us-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionAxis__custom--LeafGlobalFintechCorporationMember_pn5n6" title="Payments to Acquire Businesses, Gross"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquireBusinessesGross" contextRef="From2022-02-272022-03-01_custom_IDTInternationalTelecomIncMember_custom_LeafGlobalFintechCorporationMember" id="Fact001670" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">0.5</ix:nonFraction></span> million paid in cash at the closing, (b) a working capital adjustment for a maximum of $<span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferredLiabilitiesIncurred_pp0p0_c20220227__20220301__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--IDTInternationalTelecomIncMember__us-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionAxis__custom--LeafGlobalFintechCorporationMember_zx5CvI777ODk" title="Business Combination, Consideration Transferred, Liabilities Incurred"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferredLiabilitiesIncurred" contextRef="From2022-02-272022-03-01_custom_IDTInternationalTelecomIncMember_custom_LeafGlobalFintechCorporationMember" id="Fact001672" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" scale="0" unitRef="USD">50,000</ix:nonFraction></span>,
and (c) <span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsDescription_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionAxis__custom--LeafGlobalFintechCorporationMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--IDTInternationalTelecomIncMember_zyu0cm2UaIi5" title="Contingent consideration, description"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_custom_LeafGlobalFintechCorporationMember_custom_IDTInternationalTelecomIncMember" id="Fact001674" name="us-gaap:BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsDescription">contingent consideration of up to $<span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsRangeOfOutcomesValueHigh_c20220301__us-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionAxis__custom--LeafGlobalFintechCorporationMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--IDTInternationalTelecomIncMember_pn5n6" title="Payment on contingent consideration"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsRangeOfOutcomesValueHigh" contextRef="AsOf2022-03-01_custom_LeafGlobalFintechCorporationMember_custom_IDTInternationalTelecomIncMember" id="Fact001676" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">5.5</ix:nonFraction></span> million based on annual gross profit over a five-year period</ix:nonNumeric></span>.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_custom_LeafGlobalFintechCorporationMember" escape="true" id="Fact001678" name="us-gaap:ScheduleOfBusinessAcquisitionsByAcquisitionContingentConsiderationTextBlock"><p id="xdx_891_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfBusinessAcquisitionsByAcquisitionContingentConsiderationTextBlock_hus-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionAxis__custom--LeafGlobalFintechCorporationMember_zBw3Z3cFGVS" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
acquisition date fair value of the consideration consisted of the following:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span id="xdx_8B9_zV3a3UrlTC8k" style="display: none">Schedule of Acquisition Date Fair Value of Consideration</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: auto; border-collapse: collapse; width: 80%; margin-right: auto">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">(in thousands)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_490_20220227__20220301__us-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionAxis__custom--LeafGlobalFintechCorporationMember_z1Bt2R9eG7l2">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--PaymentsToAcquireBusinessesGross_pn3n3_zUTexbxAx602" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 78%; text-align: left">Cash paid</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
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  <tr id="xdx_409_eus-gaap--CashAcquiredFromAcquisition_iN_pn3n3_di_zmxSD1PTMmf4" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Cash acquired</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:CashAcquiredFromAcquisition" contextRef="From2022-02-272022-03-01_custom_LeafGlobalFintechCorporationMember" id="Fact001682" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">167</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--PaymentsToAcquireBusinessesNetOfCashAcquired_pn3n3_zYjtUxKhhVqk" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">Cash paid, net of cash acquired</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquireBusinessesNetOfCashAcquired" contextRef="From2022-02-272022-03-01_custom_LeafGlobalFintechCorporationMember" id="Fact001684" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">333</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Contingent consideration</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent_iI_pn3n3_c20220301__us-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionAxis__custom--LeafGlobalFintechCorporationMember_zHPPxw6UfGUf" title="Contingent consideration" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent" contextRef="AsOf2022-03-01_custom_LeafGlobalFintechCorporationMember" id="Fact001686" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">3,330</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40A_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferred1_pn3n3_zlk1fYMTEGI6" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Total fair value of consideration, net of cash acquired</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferred1" contextRef="From2022-02-272022-03-01_custom_LeafGlobalFintechCorporationMember" id="Fact001688" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">3,663</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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</ix:nonNumeric><p id="xdx_8A1_zi5TeP2e12W2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
acquisition-date fair value of the contingent consideration was estimated using discounted cash flow models. This fair value
measurement was based on significant inputs not observable in the market and therefore represented a Level 3 measurement. There was
no change in the estimated fair value of the contingent consideration in the period from the acquisition date to July 31, 2022. In
fiscal 2024 and fiscal 2023, the Company determined that the requirements for the contingent consideration payments would likely not
be met. The Company recorded gains of $<span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability1_pn5n6_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionAxis__custom--LeafGlobalFintechCorporationMember_zqJorq7WKBC" title="Write-off of contingent consideration"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability1" contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_custom_LeafGlobalFintechCorporationMember" id="Fact001690" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">1.8</ix:nonFraction></span>
million and $<span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability1_pn5n6_c20220801__20230731__us-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionAxis__custom--LeafGlobalFintechCorporationMember_z8MBuR3fmca7" title="Write-off of contingent consideration"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability1" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31_custom_LeafGlobalFintechCorporationMember" id="Fact001692" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">1.6</ix:nonFraction></span>
million in fiscal 2024 and fiscal 2023, respectively, on the write-off of the contingent consideration payment obligations, which
was included in &#8220;Other operating expense, net&#8221; in the accompanying consolidated statements of income.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_custom_LeafGlobalFintechCorporationMember" escape="true" id="Fact001694" name="us-gaap:ScheduleOfBusinessAcquisitionsByAcquisitionTextBlock"><p id="xdx_89F_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfBusinessAcquisitionsByAcquisitionTextBlock_hus-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionAxis__custom--LeafGlobalFintechCorporationMember_z2bQKAOvFAI3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
impact of the acquisition&#8217;s purchase price allocations on the Company&#8217;s consolidated balance sheet was as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span id="xdx_8B4_z8QRjpA4WJM2" style="display: none">Schedule of Impact of Acquisition's Purchase Price Allocations on Consolidated Balance Sheet</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: auto; border-collapse: collapse; width: 80%; margin-right: auto">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">(in thousands)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_49C_20220301__us-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionAxis__custom--LeafGlobalFintechCorporationMember_zgJ8X34V9RK1">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td></tr>
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    <td style="text-align: left">Property, plant, and equipment (mainly acquired technology)</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedIntangibles" contextRef="AsOf2022-03-01_custom_LeafGlobalFintechCorporationMember" id="Fact001702" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">131</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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  </table>

</ix:nonNumeric><p id="xdx_8AF_zTQzQMoreSv1" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
goodwill was assigned to the Fintech segment and was attributable primarily to the assembled workforce and the expected synergies from
the business combination. The goodwill is not expected to be deductible for income tax purposes.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center">&#160;</p>


<ix:exclude><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 23; Value: 1 -->
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    <!-- Field: /Page --></ix:exclude>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" escape="true" id="Fact001708" name="us-gaap:InvestmentsInDebtAndMarketableEquitySecuritiesAndCertainTradingAssetsDisclosureTextBlock"><p id="xdx_803_eus-gaap--InvestmentsInDebtAndMarketableEquitySecuritiesAndCertainTradingAssetsDisclosureTextBlock_zBE3gsij2fpi" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Note
7&#8212;<span id="xdx_822_zINDud2nMR99">Debt Securities</span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" escape="true" id="Fact001710" name="us-gaap:MarketableSecuritiesTextBlock"><p id="xdx_897_eus-gaap--MarketableSecuritiesTextBlock_zmHcpZjx33il" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
following is a summary of available-for-sale debt securities:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span id="xdx_8B6_zB9UuvV4DU2k" style="display: none">Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">(in thousands)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">Amortized <br/> Cost</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">Gross <br/> Unrealized <br/> Gains</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">Gross <br/> Unrealized <br/> Losses</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">Fair Value</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td>July 31, 2024</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 20pt; width: 40%; text-align: left">U.S. Treasury bills and notes</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_zgDQjrxe0uVe" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Amortized Cost" style="width: 11%; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31_us-gaap_USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember" id="Fact001712" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">16,641</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_zpu3inm6wBRe" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax" style="width: 11%; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31_us-gaap_USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember" id="Fact001714" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">10</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20240731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_zZ6wktkS0s71" style="width: 11%; text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31_us-gaap_USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember" id="Fact001715" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">66</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">)</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_zL79mAf8jVk2" style="width: 11%; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31_us-gaap_USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember" id="Fact001716" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">16,585</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 20pt; text-align: left">Government sponsored enterprise notes</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USGovernmentSponsoredEnterprisesDebtSecuritiesMember_zGJxZvALFnme" style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31_us-gaap_USGovernmentSponsoredEnterprisesDebtSecuritiesMember" id="Fact001717" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">3,356</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USGovernmentSponsoredEnterprisesDebtSecuritiesMember_zk79lCkCiL62" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax" style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1719">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20240731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USGovernmentSponsoredEnterprisesDebtSecuritiesMember_z8nLysmMPNQa" style="text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31_us-gaap_USGovernmentSponsoredEnterprisesDebtSecuritiesMember" id="Fact001720" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">3</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USGovernmentSponsoredEnterprisesDebtSecuritiesMember_zGQKk9i4vYAk" style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31_us-gaap_USGovernmentSponsoredEnterprisesDebtSecuritiesMember" id="Fact001721" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">3,353</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 20pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Corporate bonds</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_zM4dKu9UrXbc" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31_us-gaap_CorporateBondSecuritiesMember" id="Fact001722" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">3,821</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_zAljjrCfRNCa" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31_us-gaap_CorporateBondSecuritiesMember" id="Fact001723" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">1</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20240731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_zxVray8MHBmi" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31_us-gaap_CorporateBondSecuritiesMember" id="Fact001724" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">322</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_z9Ah8339mtab" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31_us-gaap_CorporateBondSecuritiesMember" id="Fact001725" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">3,500</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">TOTAL</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis_iI_pn3n3_c20240731_zlc8wFyM9zCl" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Amortized Cost" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31" id="Fact001727" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">23,818</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax_iI_pn3n3_c20240731_zkDj4FYRnGgg" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31" id="Fact001728" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">11</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20240731_z2rASf6a4hj6" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31" id="Fact001729" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">391</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20240731_z44ZLmdM5Kje" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31" id="Fact001730" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">23,438</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td>July 31, 2023</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 20pt">Certificates of deposit<span id="xdx_F4E_zBMPMQYXYAJa">*</span></td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CertificatesOfDepositMember_fKg_____zb42th3Uz8P1" style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis" contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31_us-gaap_CertificatesOfDepositMember" id="Fact001731" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">4,080</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CertificatesOfDepositMember_fKg_____z5VtsnscrLm" style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1732">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CertificatesOfDepositMember_fKg_____zLJz4JLCoXD3" style="text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax" contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31_us-gaap_CertificatesOfDepositMember" id="Fact001733" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">4</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CertificatesOfDepositMember_fKg_____z0vv37DNwjO4" style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities" contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31_us-gaap_CertificatesOfDepositMember" id="Fact001734" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">4,076</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 20pt; text-align: left">U.S. Treasury bills and notes</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_zNEdohP38pz6" style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis" contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31_us-gaap_USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember" id="Fact001735" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">31,186</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 20pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Municipal bonds</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--MunicipalBondsMember_zR9fBJ9cdlx8" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax" contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31_us-gaap_MunicipalBondsMember" id="Fact001745" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">485</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--MunicipalBondsMember_z3Eq2XmRskg" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities" contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31_us-gaap_MunicipalBondsMember" id="Fact001746" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">3,427</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">TOTAL</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis_iI_pn3n3_c20230731_zskv6muJMWce" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis" contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31" id="Fact001747" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">43,059</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax_iI_pn3n3_c20230731_zU5CIvy023g9" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1748">&#8212;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230731_zTo4o8dIysVk" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax" contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31" id="Fact001749" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">645</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20230731_zIXmGdmaH7vb" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities" contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31" id="Fact001750" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">42,414</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  </table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.2in"><span id="xdx_F03_zZfmGC9lTl08" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">*</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span id="xdx_F1C_zya9ZmGPUxwk" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:footnote id="Footnote001751" xml:lang="en-US">Each
                                            of the certificates of deposit held by the Company has a CUSIP, was purchased in the secondary
                                            market through a broker and may be sold in the secondary market.</ix:footnote></span></td></tr></table>

</ix:nonNumeric><p id="xdx_8A2_z29s6GUt8jB4" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
gross unrealized losses in the table above are recorded in &#8220;Accumulated other comprehensive loss&#8221; in the consolidated balance
sheets. As of July 31, 2024, the Company determined that the unrealized losses were due to changes in interest rates or market liquidity
and were not due to credit losses. In addition, as of July 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company did not intend to sell any of the securities
with unrealized losses, and it is not more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell any of these securities before recovery
of the unrealized losses, which may be at maturity.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Proceeds
from maturities and sales of debt securities and redemptions of equity investments were $<span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--ProceedsFromSaleAndMaturityOfAvailableForSaleSecurities_pn5n6_c20230801__20240731_zOVYY8RdMaS9" title="Proceeds from sale and maturity of debt securities, available-for-sale"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ProceedsFromSaleAndMaturityOfAvailableForSaleSecurities" contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" id="Fact001753" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">50.1</ix:nonFraction></span> million, $<span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--ProceedsFromSaleAndMaturityOfAvailableForSaleSecurities_pn5n6_c20220801__20230731_zNPHCJ7MxnMg" title="Proceeds from sale and maturity of debt securities, available-for-sale"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ProceedsFromSaleAndMaturityOfAvailableForSaleSecurities" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31" id="Fact001755" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">49.2</ix:nonFraction></span> million, and $<span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--ProceedsFromSaleAndMaturityOfAvailableForSaleSecurities_pn5n6_c20210801__20220731_z61XLzphyf4a" title="Proceeds from sale and maturity of debt securities, available-for-sale"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ProceedsFromSaleAndMaturityOfAvailableForSaleSecurities" contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31" id="Fact001757" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">21.2</ix:nonFraction></span> million
in fiscal 2024, fiscal 2023, and fiscal 2022, respectively. There were no realized gains or realized losses from sales of debt securities
in fiscal 2024, fiscal 2023, or fiscal 2022.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" escape="true" id="Fact001759" name="us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleTableTextBlock"><p id="xdx_89E_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleTableTextBlock_zBJUj6ce2VLj" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
contractual maturities of the Company&#8217;s available-for-sale debt securities at July 31, 2024 were as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span id="xdx_8BD_zSUJC6Skb91l" style="display: none">Schedule of Contractual Maturities of Available-for-sale Debt Securities</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">(in thousands)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_49C_20240731_zQX4dyqW2Bj" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">Fair Value</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesWithinOneYearFairValue_iI_pn3n3_maAFSSDz3sI_zsfgrHnSmgE9" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 78%; text-align: left">Within one year</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 18%; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesWithinOneYearFairValue" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31" id="Fact001761" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">16,808</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_409_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesAfterOneThroughFiveYearsFairValue_iI_pn3n3_maAFSSDz3sI_zDW1RSZbBBwl" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">After one year through five years</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesAfterOneThroughFiveYearsFairValue" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31" id="Fact001763" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">5,456</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesAfterFiveThroughTenYearsFairValue_iI_pn3n3_maAFSSDz3sI_z8oMBKcPrpmh" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">After five years through ten years</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesAfterFiveThroughTenYearsFairValue" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31" id="Fact001765" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">1,137</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_405_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesAfterTenYearsFairValue_iI_pn3n3_maAFSSDz3sI_zLyz0dQVIHI2" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">After ten years</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesAfterTenYearsFairValue" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31" id="Fact001767" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">37</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iTI_pn3n3_mtAFSSDz3sI_zuyf7S90yw9a" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">TOTAL</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31" id="Fact001769" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">23,438</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  </table>

</ix:nonNumeric><p id="xdx_8A6_zTOVUuFu3QGf" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" escape="true" id="Fact001771" name="us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionFairValueTableTextBlock"><p id="xdx_89C_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionFairValueTableTextBlock_zquLXm1YDtK3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
following table includes the fair value of the Company&#8217;s available-for-sale debt securities that were in an unrealized loss position:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;<span id="xdx_8B1_zpSMXjUIhUwf" style="display: none">Schedule
of Available-for-sale Securities, Unrealized Loss Position</span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">(in thousands)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">Unrealized <br/> Losses</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">Fair <br/>Value</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td>July 31, 2024</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; width: 60%; text-align: left">U.S. Treasury bills and notes</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_z13EDtoMAW7d" style="width: 16%; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31_us-gaap_USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember" id="Fact001772" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">66</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_z6VWKuFhER3l" style="width: 16%; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31_us-gaap_USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember" id="Fact001773" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">12,936</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">Government sponsored enterprise notes</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__custom--GovernmentSponsoredEnterpriseNotesMember_zhftDgCheP65" style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31_custom_GovernmentSponsoredEnterpriseNotesMember" id="Fact001774" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">3</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__custom--GovernmentSponsoredEnterpriseNotesMember_zspAvjiAFj52" style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31_custom_GovernmentSponsoredEnterpriseNotesMember" id="Fact001775" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">2,634</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Corporate bonds</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_zFsBYS1RLLzj" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31_us-gaap_CorporateBondSecuritiesMember" id="Fact001776" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">322</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_znPB2BbDEdS9" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31_us-gaap_CorporateBondSecuritiesMember" id="Fact001777" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">3,310</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">TOTAL</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20240731_zpwMKLP27GPd" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31" id="Fact001778" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">391</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition_iI_pn3n3_c20240731_zxPA5lzRzEli" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31" id="Fact001779" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">18,880</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td>July 31, 2023</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt">Certificates of deposit</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CertificatesOfDepositMember_zOpseH94y2dg" style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss" contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31_us-gaap_CertificatesOfDepositMember" id="Fact001780" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">4</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CertificatesOfDepositMember_ziC5gk73L9Y5" style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition" contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31_us-gaap_CertificatesOfDepositMember" id="Fact001781" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">3,356</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">U.S. Treasury bills and notes</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_zW0J2HIohhv2" style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss" contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31_us-gaap_USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember" id="Fact001782" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">148</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_zARWHS9ErEzi" style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition" contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31_us-gaap_USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember" id="Fact001783" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">31,038</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">Corporate bonds</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_zWqPtKBnFsJh" style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss" contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31_us-gaap_CorporateBondSecuritiesMember" id="Fact001784" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">8</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_zkrbFFQNasm4" style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition" contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31_us-gaap_CorporateBondSecuritiesMember" id="Fact001785" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">3,873</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Municipal bonds</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--MunicipalBondsMember_zpxCYRSwd3U4" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss" contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31_us-gaap_MunicipalBondsMember" id="Fact001786" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">485</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--MunicipalBondsMember_zKh7YSIDFD0c" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition" contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31_us-gaap_MunicipalBondsMember" id="Fact001787" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">3,368</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">TOTAL</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20230731_zK1e99ds3Ct1" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss" contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31" id="Fact001788" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">645</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition_iI_pn3n3_c20230731_z7ivBYu2xgh4" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition" contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31" id="Fact001789" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">41,635</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  </table>

</ix:nonNumeric><p id="xdx_8AB_zKYCpPj0LLme" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


<ix:exclude><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 24; Value: 1 -->
    <div style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; margin-bottom: 6pt"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><td style="text-align: center; width: 100%">F-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->24<!-- Field: /Sequence --></td></tr></table></div>
    <div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><td style="text-align: center; width: 100%">&#160;</td></tr></table></div>
    <!-- Field: /Page --></ix:exclude>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" escape="true" id="Fact001791" name="IDT:ScheduleOfUnrealizedLossOnInvestmentTableTextBlock"><p id="xdx_894_ecustom--ScheduleOfUnrealizedLossOnInvestmentTableTextBlock_znTx3yJR0uB2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
following available-for-sale debt securities included in the table above were in a continuous unrealized loss position for 12 months
or longer:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span id="xdx_8B6_zet8MOZhiEHk" style="display: none">Schedule of Continuous Unrealized Loss Position for 12 Months or Longer</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">(in thousands)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">Unrealized <br/> Losses</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">Fair <br/>Value</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td>July 31, 2024</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; width: 60%; text-align: left">U.S. Treasury bills and notes</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_z0eYqkBecVmb" style="width: 16%; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerAccumulatedLoss" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31_us-gaap_USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember" id="Fact001792" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">60</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLonger_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_zt1wUtMYlLBj" style="width: 16%; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLonger" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31_us-gaap_USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember" id="Fact001793" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">4,827</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Corporate bonds</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_zquebfVqn2L4" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerAccumulatedLoss" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31_us-gaap_CorporateBondSecuritiesMember" id="Fact001794" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">307</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLonger_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_zd3CAwTqNZ93" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLonger" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31_us-gaap_CorporateBondSecuritiesMember" id="Fact001795" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">3,209</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">TOTAL</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20240731_zhsTJCADfPXd" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerAccumulatedLoss" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31" id="Fact001796" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">367</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLonger_iI_pn3n3_c20240731_z8PNH6KgmYd2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLonger" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31" id="Fact001797" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">8,036</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td>July 31, 2023</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">U.S. Treasury bills and notes</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_zccsyzaH4gzg" style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerAccumulatedLoss" contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31_us-gaap_USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember" id="Fact001798" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">86</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLonger_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_zI4o3ga4n1p6" style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLonger" contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31_us-gaap_USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember" id="Fact001799" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">816</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Corporate bonds</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_zBbknBVWPrN7" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerAccumulatedLoss" contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31_us-gaap_CorporateBondSecuritiesMember" id="Fact001800" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">484</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">TOTAL</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20230731_zsTCkOZYazy6" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerAccumulatedLoss" contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31" id="Fact001802" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">570</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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  </table>

</ix:nonNumeric><p id="xdx_8AD_z4T8gZ1TZhp9" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&#160;</p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" escape="true" id="Fact001805" name="us-gaap:InvestmentsInDebtAndEquityInstrumentsCashAndCashEquivalentsUnrealizedAndRealizedGainsLossesTextBlock"><p id="xdx_805_eus-gaap--InvestmentsInDebtAndEquityInstrumentsCashAndCashEquivalentsUnrealizedAndRealizedGainsLossesTextBlock_z4EzJplJ1414" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Note
8&#8212;<span id="xdx_821_z41Y2R6uOx1c">Equity Investments</span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" escape="true" id="Fact001807" name="IDT:ScheduleOfEquityInvestmentsTableTextBlock"><p id="xdx_89D_ecustom--ScheduleOfEquityInvestmentsTableTextBlock_zUfeCYXXOYwd" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Equity
investments consist of the following:</span></p>

<p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;<span id="xdx_8BC_zFCvrXhoBU7l" style="display: none">Schedule of Equity Investments</span></span></span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">July 31<br/> (in thousands)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_49C_20240731_zBXIJPWcHjDe" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_495_20230731_z212xH8du9B1" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNi_iI_pn3n3_hus-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--ZedgeIncMember_zG2CDxSBBPJ3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 60%; text-align: left">Zedge, Inc. Class B common stock, <span id="xdx_90E_ecustom--NumberOfRelatedPartySharesReceived_pid_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--ZedgeIncMember_z5c2YgNJTfJ3" title="Number of related party shares received" class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNjaGVkdWxlIG9mIEVxdWl0eSBJbnZlc3RtZW50cyAoRGV0YWlscykgKFBhcmVudGhldGljYWwpAA__"><span id="xdx_908_ecustom--NumberOfRelatedPartySharesReceived_pid_c20220801__20230731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--ZedgeIncMember_zo9WmcPxTKle" title="Number of related party shares received" class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNjaGVkdWxlIG9mIEVxdWl0eSBJbnZlc3RtZW50cyAoRGV0YWlscykgKFBhcmVudGhldGljYWwpAA__"><ix:nonFraction name="IDT:NumberOfRelatedPartySharesReceived" contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_ZedgeIncMember" id="Fact001812" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares"><ix:nonFraction name="IDT:NumberOfRelatedPartySharesReceived" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_ZedgeIncMember" id="Fact001814" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares">42,282</ix:nonFraction></ix:nonFraction></span></span> shares at July 31, 2024 and 2023</td><td style="width: 2%; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 16%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:EquitySecuritiesFvNi" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_ZedgeIncMember" id="Fact001809" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">153</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 16%; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:EquitySecuritiesFvNi" contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_ZedgeIncMember" id="Fact001810" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">89</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_409_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNi_iI_pn3n3_hus-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--RafaelHoldingsIncMember_z49qsVqnJmff" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Rafael Holdings, Inc. Class B common stock, <span id="xdx_90C_ecustom--NumberOfRelatedPartySharesReceived_pid_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--RafaelHoldingsIncMember_zH73DDR9ailj" title="Number of related party shares received" class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNjaGVkdWxlIG9mIEVxdWl0eSBJbnZlc3RtZW50cyAoRGV0YWlscykgKFBhcmVudGhldGljYWwpAA__"><span id="xdx_907_ecustom--NumberOfRelatedPartySharesReceived_pid_c20220801__20230731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--RafaelHoldingsIncMember_z1ZcWiCq6Ezj" title="Number of related party shares received" class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNjaGVkdWxlIG9mIEVxdWl0eSBJbnZlc3RtZW50cyAoRGV0YWlscykgKFBhcmVudGhldGljYWwpAA__"><ix:nonFraction name="IDT:NumberOfRelatedPartySharesReceived" contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_RafaelHoldingsIncMember" id="Fact001819" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares"><ix:nonFraction name="IDT:NumberOfRelatedPartySharesReceived" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_RafaelHoldingsIncMember" id="Fact001821" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares">278,810</ix:nonFraction></ix:nonFraction></span></span> shares at July 31, 2024 and 2023</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:EquitySecuritiesFvNi" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_RafaelHoldingsIncMember" id="Fact001816" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">416</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:EquitySecuritiesFvNi" contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_RafaelHoldingsIncMember" id="Fact001817" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">558</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNi_iI_pn3n3_hus-gaap--InvestmentTypeAxis__custom--OtherMarketableEquitySecuritiesMember_z7C9Mh0sd8pl" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">Other marketable equity securities</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:EquitySecuritiesFvNi" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31_custom_OtherMarketableEquitySecuritiesMember" id="Fact001823" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">70</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:EquitySecuritiesFvNi" contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31_custom_OtherMarketableEquitySecuritiesMember" id="Fact001824" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">1,497</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNi_iI_pn3n3_hus-gaap--InvestmentTypeAxis__us-gaap--MutualFundMember_zVmBd8UXKAW" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Fixed income mutual funds</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:EquitySecuritiesFvNi" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31_us-gaap_MutualFundMember" id="Fact001826" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">4,370</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:EquitySecuritiesFvNi" contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31_us-gaap_MutualFundMember" id="Fact001827" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">4,054</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_406_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNi_iI_pn3n3_zZG00EuNPxsj" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Current equity investments</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:EquitySecuritiesFvNi" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31" id="Fact001829" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">5,009</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--LongTermInvestments_iI_pn3n3_hus-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--SeriesCConvertiblePreferredStockMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--VisaIncMember_z6ZG3SeaC2xb" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">Visa Inc. Series C Convertible Participating Preferred Stock (&#8220;Visa Series C Preferred&#8221;)</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:LongTermInvestments" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31_custom_SeriesCConvertiblePreferredStockMember_custom_VisaIncMember" id="Fact001832" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">695</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:LongTermInvestments" contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31_custom_SeriesCConvertiblePreferredStockMember_custom_VisaIncMember" id="Fact001833" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">1,263</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_404_eus-gaap--LongTermInvestments_iI_pn3n3_hus-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--SeriesAConvertiblePreferredStockMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--VisaIncMember_zbzEthp8MQVg" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Visa Inc. Series A Convertible Participating Preferred Stock (&#8220;Visa Series A Preferred&#8221;)</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:LongTermInvestments" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31_custom_SeriesAConvertiblePreferredStockMember_custom_VisaIncMember" id="Fact001835" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">877</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1836">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40B_eus-gaap--LongTermInvestments_iI_pn3n3_hus-gaap--InvestmentTypeAxis__us-gaap--ConvertiblePreferredStockMember_zBrpM9fmRkLc" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">Convertible preferred stock&#8212;equity method investment</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:LongTermInvestments" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31_us-gaap_ConvertiblePreferredStockMember" id="Fact001838" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">1,338</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:LongTermInvestments" contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31_us-gaap_ConvertiblePreferredStockMember" id="Fact001839" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">2,784</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_404_eus-gaap--LongTermInvestments_iI_pn3n3_hus-gaap--InvestmentTypeAxis__us-gaap--HedgeFundsMember_zuROMk1jvQjl" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Hedge funds</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:LongTermInvestments" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31_us-gaap_HedgeFundsMember" id="Fact001841" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">2,883</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:LongTermInvestments" contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31_us-gaap_HedgeFundsMember" id="Fact001842" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">3,002</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--LongTermInvestments_iI_pn3n3_hus-gaap--InvestmentTypeAxis__us-gaap--OtherInvestmentsMember_z2uKrmv0Cre8" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">Other</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:LongTermInvestments" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31_us-gaap_OtherInvestmentsMember" id="Fact001844" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">725</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:LongTermInvestments" contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31_us-gaap_OtherInvestmentsMember" id="Fact001845" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">2,825</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--LongTermInvestments_iI_pn3n3_zs6kuCNMDixa" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Noncurrent equity investments</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:LongTermInvestments" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31" id="Fact001847" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">6,518</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:LongTermInvestments" contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31" id="Fact001848" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">9,874</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  </table>

</ix:nonNumeric><p id="xdx_8A3_zbhR0H0JFN9k" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Howard
S. Jonas is the Vice-Chairman of the Board of Directors of Zedge.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
June 2016, upon the acquisition of Visa Europe Limited by Visa, Inc. (&#8220;Visa&#8221;), IDT Financial Services received <span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--InvestmentOwnedBalanceShares_iI_pid_c20160630_zo6zkDA6lwi" title="Owned shares"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:InvestmentOwnedBalanceShares" contextRef="AsOf2016-06-30" id="Fact001850" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares">1,830</ix:nonFraction></span> shares
of Visa Series C Preferred among other consideration. In July 2024 and July 2022, in connection with Visa&#8217;s mandatory release assessments,
the Company received <span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--InvestmentOwnedBalanceShares_iI_pid_c20240731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--VisaSeriesAConvertibleParticipatingPreferredStockMember_zQ8GAI8w7Ff4" title="Owned shares"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:InvestmentOwnedBalanceShares" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31_custom_VisaSeriesAConvertibleParticipatingPreferredStockMember" id="Fact001852" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares">33</ix:nonFraction></span> shares and <span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--InvestmentOwnedBalanceShares_iI_pid_c20220731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--VisaSeriesAConvertibleParticipatingPreferredStockMember_zhdkWiyO5tuh" title="Owned shares"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:InvestmentOwnedBalanceShares" contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31_custom_VisaSeriesAConvertibleParticipatingPreferredStockMember" id="Fact001854" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares">58</ix:nonFraction></span> shares, respectively, of Visa&#8217;s Series A Preferred. In August 2024, the <span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--InvestmentOwnedBalanceShares_iI_pid_c20240831__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--VisaSeriesAConvertibleParticipatingPreferredStockMember_zeJ10VVgNnda" title="Owned shares"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:InvestmentOwnedBalanceShares" contextRef="AsOf2024-08-31_custom_VisaSeriesAConvertibleParticipatingPreferredStockMember" id="Fact001856" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares">33</ix:nonFraction></span> shares of Visa
Series A Preferred were converted into <span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--InvestmentOwnedBalanceShares_iI_pid_c20240831__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--VisaSeriesAConvertibleParticipatingPreferredStockMember__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__custom--VisaClassACommonStockMember_zsuRrerSzTWl" title="Owned shares"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:InvestmentOwnedBalanceShares" contextRef="AsOf2024-08-31_custom_VisaSeriesAConvertibleParticipatingPreferredStockMember_custom_VisaClassACommonStockMember" id="Fact001858" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares">3,300</ix:nonFraction></span> shares of Visa Class A common stock, which the Company sold for $<span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--ProceedsFromSaleAndMaturityOfMarketableSecurities_pn5n6_c20240801__20240831__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--VisaSeriesAConvertibleParticipatingPreferredStockMember__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__custom--VisaClassACommonStockMember_zeJ4L2N7OEK8" title="Proceeds from sale of common stock"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ProceedsFromSaleAndMaturityOfMarketableSecurities" contextRef="From2024-08-012024-08-31_custom_VisaSeriesAConvertibleParticipatingPreferredStockMember_custom_VisaClassACommonStockMember" id="Fact001860" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">0.9</ix:nonFraction></span> million. In August
2022, the <span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--InvestmentOwnedBalanceShares_iI_pid_c20220831__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--VisaSeriesAConvertibleParticipatingPreferredStockMember_z243g95B37Ni" title="Owned shares"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:InvestmentOwnedBalanceShares" contextRef="AsOf2022-08-31_custom_VisaSeriesAConvertibleParticipatingPreferredStockMember" id="Fact001862" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares">58</ix:nonFraction></span> shares of Visa Series A Preferred were converted into <span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--InvestmentOwnedBalanceShares_iI_pid_c20220831__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--VisaSeriesAConvertibleParticipatingPreferredStockMember__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__custom--VisaClassACommonStockMember_zcaLGen07fE" title="Owned shares"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:InvestmentOwnedBalanceShares" contextRef="AsOf2022-08-31_custom_VisaSeriesAConvertibleParticipatingPreferredStockMember_custom_VisaClassACommonStockMember" id="Fact001864" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares">5,800</ix:nonFraction></span> shares of Visa Class A common stock, which the Company sold
for $<span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--ProceedsFromSaleAndMaturityOfMarketableSecurities_pn5n6_c20220801__20220831__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--VisaSeriesAConvertibleParticipatingPreferredStockMember__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__custom--VisaClassACommonStockMember_zewRlEc5yJwc" title="Proceeds from maturities and sales of debt securities and redemption of equity investments"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ProceedsFromSaleAndMaturityOfMarketableSecurities" contextRef="From2022-08-012022-08-31_custom_VisaSeriesAConvertibleParticipatingPreferredStockMember_custom_VisaClassACommonStockMember" id="Fact001866" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">1.3</ix:nonFraction></span> million.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" escape="true" id="Fact001868" name="us-gaap:EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueTableTextBlock"><p id="xdx_897_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueTableTextBlock_zRoI16yFUAM4" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
changes in the carrying value of the Company&#8217;s equity investments without readily determinable fair values for which the Company
elected the measurement alternative was as follows:</span></p>

<p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;<span id="xdx_8BE_z9HZigTzDsw1" style="display: none">Schedule of Carrying Value of Equity Investments</span></span></span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: auto; border-collapse: collapse; width: 80%; margin-right: auto">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">Year ended July 31 <br/> (in thousands)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_495_20230801__20240731_zH6XTP39NJEg" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_494_20220801__20230731_z9f9Ol8venk5" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_49F_20210801__20220731_z2UU0m4URjLi" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2022</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td></tr>
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    <td style="width: 52%; padding-bottom: 1pt">Balance, beginning of period</td><td style="width: 2%; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 12%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueAmount" contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31" id="Fact001870" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">1,632</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 2%; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 12%; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueAmount" contextRef="AsOf2021-07-31" id="Fact001872" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">2,743</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueUpwardPriceAdjustmentAnnualAmount_pn3n3_z7UZlLbKy8Bi" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Upward adjustment</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueUpwardPriceAdjustmentAnnualAmount" contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" id="Fact001874" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">130</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1875">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1876">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40B_ecustom--RedemptionForVisaMandatoryReleaseAssessment_pn3n3_zqGVj0NRELoj" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">Redemption for Visa Series C Preferred mandatory release assessment</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="IDT:RedemptionForVisaMandatoryReleaseAssessment" contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" id="Fact001878" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD">877</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1879">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="IDT:RedemptionForVisaMandatoryReleaseAssessment" contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31" id="Fact001880" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD">1,230</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40E_ecustom--EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValuePurchaseAmount_pn3n3_zhPXKxKn4Tui" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td>Purchase</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1882">&#8212;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1883">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="IDT:EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValuePurchaseAmount" contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31" id="Fact001884" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">100</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40F_ecustom--AdjustmentForObservableTransactionsInvolvingSimilarInvestmentFromSameIssuer_pn3n3_ztKQIpZhMq5c" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">Adjustment for observable transactions involving a similar investment from the same issuer</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="IDT:AdjustmentForObservableTransactionsInvolvingSimilarInvestmentFromSameIssuer" contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" id="Fact001886" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">309</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="IDT:AdjustmentForObservableTransactionsInvolvingSimilarInvestmentFromSameIssuer" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31" id="Fact001887" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">131</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="IDT:AdjustmentForObservableTransactionsInvolvingSimilarInvestmentFromSameIssuer" contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31" id="Fact001888" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD">103</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40B_ecustom--EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueRedemptionsAmount_pn3n3_zazz54OvXfKa" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td>Redemptions</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="IDT:EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueRedemptionsAmount" contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" id="Fact001890" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD">230</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1891">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="IDT:EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueRedemptionsAmount" contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31" id="Fact001892" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD">9</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_404_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueImpairmentLossAnnualAmount_pn3n3_zsHPbEfk2tH8" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">Impairments</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1894">&#8212;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1895">&#8212;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1896">&#8212;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueAmount_iE_pn3n3_zksDcgCq2Uve" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">BALANCE, END OF PERIOD</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueAmount" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31" id="Fact001898" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">964</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueAmount" contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31" id="Fact001899" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">1,632</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueAmount" contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31" id="Fact001900" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">1,501</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  </table>

</ix:nonNumeric><p id="xdx_8AF_zc0XKy7qWX9h" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


<ix:exclude><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 25; Value: 1 -->
    <div style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; margin-bottom: 6pt"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><td style="text-align: center; width: 100%">F-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->25<!-- Field: /Sequence --></td></tr></table></div>
    <div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><td style="text-align: center; width: 100%">&#160;</td></tr></table></div>
    <!-- Field: /Page --></ix:exclude>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company adjusted the carrying value of the shares of Visa Series C Preferred it held based on the fair value of Visa Class A common stock,
including a discount for lack of current marketability, which is classified as &#8220;Adjustment for observable transactions involving
a similar investment from the same issuer&#8221; in the table above. The Certificate of Designation with respect to the shares of Visa
Series C Preferred restricts the transferability of the shares, there is no public market for the shares, and none is expected to develop.
The shares become fully convertible into shares of Visa Class A common stock in June 2028. In addition, in connection with the acquisition
of Regal Bancorp by SR Bancorp, the Company received cash of $<span id="xdx_904_ecustom--EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueRedemptionsAmount_pn5n6_c20230801__20240731__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--RegalBancorpMember_zHhBsJtIqWp9" title="Cash"><ix:nonFraction name="IDT:EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueRedemptionsAmount" contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_custom_RegalBancorpMember" id="Fact001902" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">0.2</ix:nonFraction></span> million in fiscal 2024 in exchange for its shares of Regal Bancorp
common stock.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" escape="true" id="Fact001904" name="us-gaap:UnrealizedGainLossOnInvestmentsTableTextBlock"><p id="xdx_89A_eus-gaap--UnrealizedGainLossOnInvestmentsTableTextBlock_z6krfY4DQ3l3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Unrealized
gains and losses for all equity investments measured at fair value included the following:</span></p>

<p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&#160;<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="display: none; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_8B4_zQgXLSWUFcgg">Schedule
of Unrealized Gains (losses) Gains for All Equity Investments</span></span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">Year ended July 31 <br/> (in thousands)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_49F_20230801__20240731_zUfo2LpROEI9" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_497_20220801__20230731_zb27G8l0Y9wh" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_493_20210801__20220731_zP3Z1Q7zZ22" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2022</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNiGainLoss_pn3n3_zCxfk27vxgc1" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 52%; text-align: left">Net gains (losses) recognized during the period on equity investments</td><td style="width: 2%; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Less: net gains recognized during the period on equity investments sold during the period</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="IDT:EquitySecuritiesFvNiRecognizedGainLossNetOnEquitySecuritiesRedeemed" contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" id="Fact001910" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">130</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Unrealized gains (losses) recognized during the period on equity investments still held at the reporting date</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:EquitySecuritiesFvNiUnrealizedGainLoss" contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31" id="Fact001916" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD">19,258</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  </table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
unrealized losses and gains for all equity investments measured at fair value in the table above included the following:</span></p>

<p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">Year ended July 31 <br/> (in thousands)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_492_20230801__20240731_zyQ6kyAggaMi" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_492_20210801__20220731_zzjtMSQTlHif" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2022</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">Unrealized (losses) gains recognized during the period on equity investments:</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNiUnrealizedGainLoss_pn3n3_hus-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__custom--RafaelClassBCommonStockMember_zeFpT98o9AVa" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="width: 52%; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Rafael Class B common stock</td><td style="width: 2%; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 12%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:EquitySecuritiesFvNiUnrealizedGainLoss" contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_custom_RafaelClassBCommonStockMember" id="Fact001918" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD">142</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td style="width: 2%; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 12%; text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:EquitySecuritiesFvNiUnrealizedGainLoss" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31_custom_RafaelClassBCommonStockMember" id="Fact001919" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD">7</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="width: 2%; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 12%; text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:EquitySecuritiesFvNiUnrealizedGainLoss" contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31_custom_RafaelClassBCommonStockMember" id="Fact001920" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD">14,101</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40C_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNiUnrealizedGainLoss_pn3n3_hus-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__custom--ZedgeClassBCommonStockMember_zFSZysVzELBe" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Zedge Class B common stock</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:EquitySecuritiesFvNiUnrealizedGainLoss" contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_custom_ZedgeClassBCommonStockMember" id="Fact001922" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">64</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:EquitySecuritiesFvNiUnrealizedGainLoss" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31_custom_ZedgeClassBCommonStockMember" id="Fact001923" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD">28</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:EquitySecuritiesFvNiUnrealizedGainLoss" contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31_custom_ZedgeClassBCommonStockMember" id="Fact001924" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD">533</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNiUnrealizedGainLoss_pn3n3_zs9RroPGjGvj" style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Unrealized gains (losses) recognized during the period on equity investments still held at the reporting date</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:EquitySecuritiesFvNiUnrealizedGainLoss" contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" id="Fact001926" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">99</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:EquitySecuritiesFvNiUnrealizedGainLoss" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31" id="Fact001927" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD">2,631</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:EquitySecuritiesFvNiUnrealizedGainLoss" contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31" id="Fact001928" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD">19,258</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
</table>

</ix:nonNumeric><p id="xdx_8A4_zCfnKk9Amilh" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Equity
Method Investment</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company has an investment in shares of convertible preferred stock of a communications company (the equity method investee, or &#8220;EMI&#8221;).
As of July 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company&#8217;s ownership was <span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage_iI_dp_uPure_c20240731__srt--ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis__custom--EquityMethodInvestmentMember_zR5YyDCs3T9j" title="Ownership percentage"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31_custom_EquityMethodInvestmentMember" id="Fact001930" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" scale="-2" unitRef="Pure">33.4</ix:nonFraction></span>% and <span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage_iI_dp_uPure_c20230731__srt--ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis__custom--EquityMethodInvestmentMember_zFjVWmmAj9e8" title="Ownership percentage"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage" contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31_custom_EquityMethodInvestmentMember" id="Fact001932" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" scale="-2" unitRef="Pure">33.3</ix:nonFraction></span>%, respectively, of the EMI&#8217;s outstanding shares
on an as converted basis. The Company accounts for this investment using the equity method since the Company can exercise significant
influence over the operating and financial policies of the EMI but does not have a controlling interest.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company determined that on the dates of the acquisitions of the EMI&#8217;s shares, there were differences between its investment in
the EMI and its proportional interest in the equity of the EMI of an aggregate of $<span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestmentDifferenceBetweenCarryingAmountAndUnderlyingEquity_iI_pn5n6_c20240731_zOwiiMDp5BId" title="Equity method investment, aggregate cost"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestmentDifferenceBetweenCarryingAmountAndUnderlyingEquity" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31" id="Fact001934" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">8.2</ix:nonFraction></span> million, which represented the share of the EMI&#8217;s
customer list on the dates of the acquisitions attributed to the Company&#8217;s interest in the EMI. <span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestmentDifferenceBetweenCarryingAmountAndUnderlyingEquityAccountingTreatment_c20230801__20240731_zy7XzLphwBLe" title="Equity method investment, description"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" id="Fact001936" name="us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestmentDifferenceBetweenCarryingAmountAndUnderlyingEquityAccountingTreatment">These basis differences are being
amortized over the 6-year estimated life of the customer list</ix:nonNumeric></span>. In the accompanying consolidated statements of income, amortization of
equity method basis difference is included in the equity in the net loss of investee, which is recorded in &#8220;Other expense, net&#8221;
(see Note 18).</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
of April 6, 2023, the Company was the holder of secured promissory notes made by the EMI in exchange for loans of an aggregate of $<span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--ReceivableWithImputedInterestFaceAmount_iI_pn5n6_c20230406_z1lgKbTo3SNd" title="Secured promissory notes"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ReceivableWithImputedInterestFaceAmount" contextRef="AsOf2023-04-06" id="Fact001938" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">4.0</ix:nonFraction></span>
million including accrued interest. The notes provided for interest on the principal amount at <span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--ReceivableWithImputedInterestEffectiveYieldInterestRate_pid_dp_uPure_c20230406__20230406__srt--ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis__custom--EMIPreferredStockMember_ztQ83S6hN2Tl" title="Effective yield interest rate"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ReceivableWithImputedInterestEffectiveYieldInterestRate" contextRef="From2023-04-062023-04-06_custom_EMIPreferredStockMember" id="Fact001940" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" scale="-2" unitRef="Pure">15</ix:nonFraction></span>% per annum payable monthly. The notes
were due and payable in <span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--ReceivableWithImputedInterestDueDates_ddpxL_c20230201__20230228__srt--ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis__custom--EMIPreferredStockMember_zl9MaxGkiZV9" title="Imputed interest due date::XDX::2023-02-28"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1942">February 2023</span></span> and <span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--ReceivableWithImputedInterestDueDates_ddpxL_c20230401__20230430__srt--ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis__custom--EMIPreferredStockMember_zwO93WKvL452" title="Imputed interest due date::XDX::2023-04-30"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1944">April 2023</span></span>. On April 6, 2023, in accordance with an Agreement and Plan of Merger dated as of
April 5, 2023, the EMI merged with and into its subsidiary, with the subsidiary being the surviving corporation. Effective with the merger,
the principal and accrued interest of the EMI&#8217;s secured promissory notes was converted into shares of the EMI&#8217;s convertible
preferred stock.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>


<ix:exclude><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 26; Value: 1 -->
    <div style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; margin-bottom: 6pt"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><td style="text-align: center; width: 100%">F-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->26<!-- Field: /Sequence --></td></tr></table></div>
    <div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><td style="text-align: center; width: 100%">&#160;</td></tr></table></div>
    <!-- Field: /Page --></ix:exclude>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" escape="true" id="Fact001946" name="us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestmentsTextBlock"><p id="xdx_898_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestmentsTextBlock_zdqqBmOPs6xh" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
following table summarizes the change in the balance of the Company&#8217;s equity method investment:</span></p>

<p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&#160;<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="display: none; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_8B3_zcZaCy2eT7Ea">Summary of Changes in Equity Method Investments</span></span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">Year ended July 31 <br/> (in thousands)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_49B_20230801__20240731__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__us-gaap--EquityMethodInvesteeMember_zS9HvoclaE4k" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_494_20220801__20230731__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__us-gaap--EquityMethodInvesteeMember_zXKJyCdfTWBh" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_490_20210801__20220731__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__us-gaap--EquityMethodInvesteeMember_zAh28FoRMwz3" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2022</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestments_iS_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr id="xdx_405_eus-gaap--PaymentsToAcquireEquityMethodInvestments_pn3n3_z8Rs0NxsRz" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Purchase of convertible preferred stock</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquireEquityMethodInvestments" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31_us-gaap_EquityMethodInvesteeMember" id="Fact001953" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">840</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1958">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--IncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments_pn3n3_hus-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__us-gaap--EquityMethodInvesteeMember_ze4qg3CMtRWj" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr id="xdx_409_ecustom--AmortizationOfEquityMethodBasisDifference_pn3n3_hus-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__us-gaap--EquityMethodInvesteeMember_zoCt3MySnhSb" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="IDT:AmortizationOfEquityMethodBasisDifference" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31_us-gaap_EquityMethodInvesteeMember" id="Fact001965" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD">942</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="IDT:AmortizationOfEquityMethodBasisDifference" contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31_us-gaap_EquityMethodInvesteeMember" id="Fact001966" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD">727</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestments_iE_pn3n3_hus-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__us-gaap--EquityMethodInvesteeMember_z4oLkc2OaMkk" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">BALANCE, END OF PERIOD</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestments" contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31_us-gaap_EquityMethodInvesteeMember" id="Fact001969" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">2,784</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestments" contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31_us-gaap_EquityMethodInvesteeMember" id="Fact001970" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">1,001</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  </table>

</ix:nonNumeric><p id="xdx_8A9_zO8WsEPnCmhl" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
of August 22, 2024, the EMI&#8217;s shareholders including the Company agreed to purchase additional shares of the EMI&#8217;s
convertible preferred stock. The Company subscribed to purchase additional shares through January 2025 for an aggregate of $<span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--PaymentsToAcquireEquityMethodInvestments_pn5n6_c20240821__20240822__srt--ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis__custom--EquityMethodInvestmentMember__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--PreferredStockMember_zFF4WHsrqTng" title="Purchase of convertible preferred stock"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquireEquityMethodInvestments" contextRef="From2024-08-212024-08-22_custom_EquityMethodInvestmentMember_us-gaap_PreferredStockMember" id="Fact001972" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">0.9</ix:nonFraction></span>
million. In August 2024, the Company paid $<span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--PaymentsToAcquireEquityMethodInvestments_pn5n6_c20240801__20240831__srt--ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis__custom--EquityMethodInvestmentMember__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--PreferredStockMember_z818Y5GBUz09" title="Purchase of convertible preferred stock"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquireEquityMethodInvestments" contextRef="From2024-08-012024-08-31_custom_EquityMethodInvestmentMember_us-gaap_PreferredStockMember" id="Fact001974" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">0.4</ix:nonFraction></span> million to
purchase additional shares.</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" escape="true" id="Fact001976" name="us-gaap:FairValueDisclosuresTextBlock"><p id="xdx_803_eus-gaap--FairValueDisclosuresTextBlock_zBdZMK6jtJC" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Note
9&#8212;<span id="xdx_82B_z5EVXhFR7yD1">Fair Value Measurements</span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" escape="true" id="Fact001978" name="us-gaap:ScheduleOfFairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringBasisTableTextBlock"><p id="xdx_898_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfFairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringBasisTableTextBlock_zdyTlEQ2HJx7" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
following table presents the balance of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis:</span></p>

<p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&#160;<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="display: none; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_8B2_zoUMBPhJESOg">Schedule of Balance of Assets Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis</span></span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">(in thousands)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">Level 1</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">Level 2</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">Level 3</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">Total</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td>July 31, 2024</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; width: 40%; text-align: left">Debt securities</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zT3OvfQQONCf" title="Debt securities" style="width: 11%; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31_us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel1Member_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember" id="Fact001980" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">16,585</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zHY4FOckk61l" title="Debt securities" style="width: 11%; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31_us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel2Member_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember" id="Fact001982" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">6,853</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zhKAkUUin53" title="Debt securities" style="width: 11%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1984">&#8212;</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zW6Mqjrb0bq9" title="Debt securities" style="width: 11%; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember" id="Fact001986" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">23,438</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">Equity investments included in current assets</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98B_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsCurrentAsset_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zIX5jAtL09Th" title="Equity investments included in current assets" style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="IDT:EquityInvestmentsCurrentAsset" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31_us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel1Member_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember" id="Fact001988" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">5,009</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_985_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsCurrentAsset_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zCD2cTgdn5d1" title="Equity investments included in current assets" style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1990">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_984_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsCurrentAsset_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zNnh3RhIDWo7" title="Equity investments included in current assets" style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1992">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_982_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsCurrentAsset_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zDM71FMDb7aa" title="Equity investments included in current assets" style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="IDT:EquityInvestmentsCurrentAsset" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember" id="Fact001994" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">5,009</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Equity investments included in noncurrent assets</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_989_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsNoncurrentAssets_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_z4ssfCAE03s" title="Equity investments included in noncurrent assets" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1996">&#8212;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">Acquisition consideration included in:</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 20pt; text-align: left">Other current liabilities</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityCurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20240731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zNACJKIpxQOk" title="Acquisition consideration included in other current liabilities" style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2012">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityCurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20240731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_znri5r7CKdS" title="Acquisition consideration included in other current liabilities" style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2014">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityCurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20240731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_z1tUQopGznPl" title="Acquisition consideration included in other current liabilities" style="text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityCurrent" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31_us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel3Member_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember" id="Fact002016" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">222</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityCurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20240731__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_z2AEhiLfr4t" title="Acquisition consideration included in other current liabilities" style="text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityCurrent" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember" id="Fact002018" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">222</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 20pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Other noncurrent liabilities</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20240731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_z733gDTEdl7h" title="Acquisition consideration included in other noncurrent liabilities" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2022">&#8212;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20240731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zZaduftyHHEe" title="Acquisition consideration included in other noncurrent liabilities" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31_us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel3Member_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember" id="Fact002024" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">684</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20240731__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zszWjyQDJGK5" title="Acquisition consideration included in other noncurrent liabilities" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember" id="Fact002026" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">684</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">TOTAL</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_980_ecustom--ContingentConsiderationIncludedInOtherLiabilities_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zxqdsB3dLnfg" title="Acquisition consideration included in other liabilities" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2030">&#8212;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_987_ecustom--ContingentConsiderationIncludedInOtherLiabilities_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zelkyv1YQBI" title="Acquisition consideration included in other liabilities" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="IDT:ContingentConsiderationIncludedInOtherLiabilities" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31_us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel3Member_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember" id="Fact002032" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD">906</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98B_ecustom--ContingentConsiderationIncludedInOtherLiabilities_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zcWRe6GM0ML8" title="Acquisition consideration included in other liabilities" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="IDT:ContingentConsiderationIncludedInOtherLiabilities" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember" id="Fact002034" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD">906</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td>July 31, 2023</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">Debt securities</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zOxdW3FjO60i" title="Debt securities" style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities" contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31_us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel1Member_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember" id="Fact002036" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">31,038</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zNsNrgBKB4b" title="Debt securities" style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities" contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31_us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel2Member_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember" id="Fact002038" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">11,376</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zhiRm7tjxB29" title="Debt securities" style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2040">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zBz9JjVCMU0f" title="Debt securities" style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities" contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember" id="Fact002042" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">42,414</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">Equity investments included in current assets</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_982_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsCurrentAsset_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zdYkNRWD40Oj" title="Equity investments included in current assets" style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="IDT:EquityInvestmentsCurrentAsset" contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31_us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel1Member_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember" id="Fact002044" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">6,198</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_986_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsCurrentAsset_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zbDiAF4y1M96" title="Equity investments included in current assets" style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2046">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_982_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsCurrentAsset_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zyJgYkH7enye" title="Equity investments included in current assets" style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2048">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98F_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsCurrentAsset_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zkWc1Ql3hkyl" title="Equity investments included in current assets" style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="IDT:EquityInvestmentsCurrentAsset" contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember" id="Fact002050" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">6,198</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zWXM0puGMMme" title="Acquisition consideration included in other noncurrent liabilities" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2078">&#8212;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zusHtyaTfxul" title="Acquisition consideration included in other noncurrent liabilities" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent" contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember" id="Fact002082" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">2,773</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_983_ecustom--ContingentConsiderationIncludedInOtherLiabilities_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_z76KYKh9vRDd" title="Acquisition consideration included in other liabilities" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2086">&#8212;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_986_ecustom--ContingentConsiderationIncludedInOtherLiabilities_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zC0A2OKZCDh" title="Acquisition consideration included in other liabilities" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="IDT:ContingentConsiderationIncludedInOtherLiabilities" contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember" id="Fact002090" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD">4,805</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  </table>

</ix:nonNumeric><p id="xdx_8A3_ziSI6hTJYp1" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">At
July 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company had $<span id="xdx_907_ecustom--InvestmentInHedgeFunds_iI_pn5n6_c20240731_zZYDgzm4nn8d" title="Investment in hedge funds"><ix:nonFraction name="IDT:InvestmentInHedgeFunds" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31" id="Fact002092" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">2.9</ix:nonFraction></span> million and $<span id="xdx_903_ecustom--InvestmentInHedgeFunds_iI_pn5n6_c20230731_z44vs5nQ60Kl" title="Investment in hedge funds"><ix:nonFraction name="IDT:InvestmentInHedgeFunds" contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31" id="Fact002094" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">3.0</ix:nonFraction></span> million, respectively, in investments in hedge funds, which were included
in noncurrent &#8220;Equity investments&#8221; in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. The Company&#8217;s investments in hedge
funds were accounted for using the equity method, therefore they were not measured at fair value.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


<ix:exclude><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 27; Value: 1 -->
    <div style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; margin-bottom: 6pt"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><td style="text-align: center; width: 100%">F-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->27<!-- Field: /Sequence --></td></tr></table></div>
    <div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><td style="text-align: center; width: 100%">&#160;</td></tr></table></div>
    <!-- Field: /Page --></ix:exclude>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" escape="true" id="Fact002096" name="us-gaap:FairValueAssetsMeasuredOnRecurringBasisUnobservableInputReconciliationTextBlock"><p id="xdx_892_eus-gaap--FairValueAssetsMeasuredOnRecurringBasisUnobservableInputReconciliationTextBlock_zNRN1mWN1AHk" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
following tables summarize the change in the balance of the Company&#8217;s assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis using
significant unobservable inputs (Level 3):</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;<span id="xdx_8B9_zf4sMKKb01Ud" style="display: none">Schedule of Assets Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)</span></span></span></span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
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    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_49A_20220801__20230731_z0S1hqEm5kc7">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_490_20210801__20220731_z03mTWgqUP9g">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">(in thousands)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr id="xdx_409_eus-gaap--FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetValue_iS_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 52%">Balance, beginning of period</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 2%; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
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  <tr id="xdx_401_ecustom--RedemptionForVisaMandatoryReleaseAssessment_pn3n3_z93fGd8UCQ1k" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetGainLossIncludedInEarnings1_pn3n3_zl1V6tCJzxf4" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetValue_iE_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">BALANCE, END OF PERIOD</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetValue" contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31" id="Fact002114" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">1,263</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetValue" contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31" id="Fact002115" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">1,132</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">Change in unrealized gains or losses for the period included in earnings for assets held at the end of the period</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2118">&#8212;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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  </table>

</ix:nonNumeric><p id="xdx_8AC_zGVnzw2kNToe" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" escape="true" id="Fact002121" name="us-gaap:FairValueLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringBasisUnobservableInputReconciliationTextBlock"><p id="xdx_895_eus-gaap--FairValueLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringBasisUnobservableInputReconciliationTextBlock_zD8M0fl0Tt78" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
following tables summarize the change in the balance of the Company&#8217;s liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using
significant unobservable inputs (Level 3):</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;<span id="xdx_8BB_z7Q0PFsK011c" style="display: none">Schedule of Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)</span></span></span></span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>Year ended July 31,</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_49E_20220801__20230731_zbgdxW3BGbGi">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_49B_20210801__20220731_zw2nqV6Yy2Vc">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">(in thousands)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 52%">Balance, beginning of period</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 2%; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 12%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationsRecurringBasisLiabilityValue" contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31" id="Fact002123" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">4,805</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 12%; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationsRecurringBasisLiabilityValue" contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31" id="Fact002124" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">8,546</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 12%; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationsRecurringBasisLiabilityValue" contextRef="AsOf2021-07-31" id="Fact002125" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">1,025</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_409_ecustom--FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisLiabilitiesTransfersIntoLevelThreeFromAcquisition_pn3n3_zmrrCRomW6Jd" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Transfer into Level 3 from acquisitions</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
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    <td>Payments</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisLiabilitySettlements" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31" id="Fact002132" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD">2,494</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2133">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Total (gains) losses included in:</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisLiabilityGainLossIncludedInEarnings_zwVffDmlWeui" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisLiabilityGainLossIncludedInEarnings" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31" id="Fact002136" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD">1,349</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="IDT:FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisLiabilityInterestExpense" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31" id="Fact002143" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">97</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2144">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisLiabilityGainLossIncludedInOtherComprehensiveIncome_pn3n3_zH1HTKnDAmQa" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--FairValueLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringBasisChangeInUnrealizedGainLoss_zOFnRyPp2Hi3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">Change in unrealized gains or losses for the period included in earnings for liabilities at the end of the period</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2159">&#8212;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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</ix:nonNumeric><p id="xdx_8A3_ztvtcumxKUfg" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
fiscal 2024 and fiscal 2023, the Company paid an aggregate of $<span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--PaymentForContingentConsiderationLiabilityInvestingActivities_pn5n6_c20230801__20240731_zgduV10SYd0i" title="Contingent consideration payment"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:PaymentForContingentConsiderationLiabilityInvestingActivities" contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" id="Fact002161" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">2.1</ix:nonFraction></span> million and $<span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--PaymentForContingentConsiderationLiabilityInvestingActivities_pn5n6_c20220801__20230731_zkLrpPQ2F9Sc" title="Contingent consideration payment"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:PaymentForContingentConsiderationLiabilityInvestingActivities" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31" id="Fact002163" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">2.5</ix:nonFraction></span> million, respectively, for contingent consideration
related to prior acquisitions, which included <span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesAcquisitions_pid_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--CommonStockMember__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_zxCoOYYCHbmi" title="Number of shares issued in acquisition"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesAcquisitions" contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_us-gaap_CommonStockMember_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember" id="Fact002165" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares">2,679</ix:nonFraction></span> and <span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesAcquisitions_pid_c20220801__20230731__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--CommonStockMember__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_zVIFgmj7Jf4l" title="Number of shares issued in acquisition"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesAcquisitions" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31_us-gaap_CommonStockMember_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember" id="Fact002167" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares">3,051</ix:nonFraction></span> shares, respectively, of the Company&#8217;s Class B common stock with
an issue date value of $<span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueAcquisitions_pn5n6_c20230801__20240731_zXWclqmjTyTh" title="Number of shares issued in acquisition, value"><span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueAcquisitions_pn5n6_c20220801__20230731_zgbogZ4hw0Yh" title="Number of shares issued in acquisition, value"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueAcquisitions" contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" id="Fact002169" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueAcquisitions" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31" id="Fact002171" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">0.1</ix:nonFraction></ix:nonFraction></span></span> million in both fiscal 2024 and fiscal 2023. In addition, the Company recorded gains of $<span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability1_iN_pn5n6_di_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--IncomeStatementLocationAxis__us-gaap--OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseMember_zeDmowi7HLkd" title="Gain on write-off of contingent consideration payment obligation"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability1" contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_us-gaap_OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseMember" id="Fact002173" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" sign="-" unitRef="USD">1.8</ix:nonFraction></span> million, $<span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability1_iN_pn5n6_di_c20220801__20230731__us-gaap--IncomeStatementLocationAxis__us-gaap--OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseMember_zC6c174pMJBe" title="Gain on write-off of contingent consideration payment obligation"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability1" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31_us-gaap_OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseMember" id="Fact002175" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" sign="-" unitRef="USD">1.6</ix:nonFraction></span>
million, and $<span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability1_iN_pn5n6_di_c20210801__20220731__us-gaap--IncomeStatementLocationAxis__us-gaap--OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseMember_zwlLmLrWv1B3" title="Gain on write-off of contingent consideration payment obligation"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability1" contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31_us-gaap_OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseMember" id="Fact002177" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" sign="-" unitRef="USD">0.3</ix:nonFraction></span> million in fiscal 2024, fiscal 2023, and fiscal 2022, respectively, on the write-off of contingent consideration payment
obligations. Also, in fiscal 2023, the Company increased the estimated fair value of acquisition-related contingent consideration by
$<span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--LiabilitiesFairValueAdjustment_pn5n6_c20220801__20230731__us-gaap--IncomeStatementLocationAxis__us-gaap--OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseMember_zcXYne6jdDLb" title="Estimated fair value of contingent consideration"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:LiabilitiesFairValueAdjustment" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31_us-gaap_OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseMember" id="Fact002179" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">0.2</ix:nonFraction></span> million. These write-offs of contingent consideration net of the increase in the contingent consideration were included in &#8220;Other
operating expense, net&#8221; in the accompanying consolidated statements of income.</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Fair
Value of Other Financial Instruments</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
estimated fair value of the Company&#8217;s other financial instruments was determined using available market information or other appropriate
valuation methodologies. However, considerable judgment is required in interpreting these data to develop estimates of fair value. Consequently,
the estimates are not necessarily indicative of the amounts that could be realized or would be paid in a current market exchange.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Cash
and cash equivalents, restricted cash and cash equivalents, settlement assets, other current assets, customer deposits, settlement liabilities,
and other current liabilities.</i> At July 31, 2024 and 2023, the carrying amount of these assets and liabilities approximated fair value
because of the short period of time to maturity. The fair value estimates for cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash and cash equivalents
were classified as Level 1 and settlement assets, other current assets, customer deposits, settlement liabilities, and other current
liabilities were classified as Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Other
assets and other liabilities.</i> At July 31, 2024 and 2023, the carrying amount of these assets and liabilities approximated fair value.
The fair values were estimated based on the Company&#8217;s assumptions, which were classified as Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


<ix:exclude><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 28; Value: 1 -->
    <div style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; margin-bottom: 6pt"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><td style="text-align: center; width: 100%">F-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->28<!-- Field: /Sequence --></td></tr></table></div>
    <div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><td style="text-align: center; width: 100%">&#160;</td></tr></table></div>
    <!-- Field: /Page --></ix:exclude>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" escape="true" id="Fact002181" name="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentDisclosureTextBlock"><p id="xdx_80A_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentDisclosureTextBlock_zSVzzWLdH791" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Note
10&#8212;<span id="xdx_825_zOwZlCvocdh">Property, Plant, and Equipment</span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" escape="true" id="Fact002183" name="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTextBlock"><p id="xdx_896_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTextBlock_zN76KJNCijGi" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Property,
plant, and equipment consist of the following:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;<span id="xdx_8B4_zovDzCK7oxn3" style="display: none">Schedule of Property, Plant and Equipment</span></span></span></span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">July 31</p>
                                               <p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">(in thousands)</p></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_49C_20240731_zWrg3XxaUxY2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_49F_20230731_ztzYzb7Udxmf" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td></tr>
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    <td style="width: 60%">Equipment</td><td style="width: 2%; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 16%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:MachineryAndEquipmentGross" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31" id="Fact002185" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">45,881</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 16%; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:MachineryAndEquipmentGross" contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31" id="Fact002186" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">43,704</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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    <td style="text-align: left">Computer software</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:CapitalizedComputerSoftwareGross" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31" id="Fact002188" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">181,081</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:CapitalizedComputerSoftwareGross" contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31" id="Fact002189" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">169,070</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--LeaseholdImprovementsGross_iI_pn3n3_maPPAEGzQ2W_zxcuracOnZP6" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">Leasehold improvements</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:LeaseholdImprovementsGross" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31" id="Fact002191" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">1,635</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:LeaseholdImprovementsGross" contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31" id="Fact002192" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">1,760</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--FurnitureAndFixturesGross_iI_pn3n3_maPPAEGzQ2W_zPhmkpJIEW33" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">Furniture and fixtures</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:FurnitureAndFixturesGross" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31" id="Fact002194" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">730</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:FurnitureAndFixturesGross" contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31" id="Fact002195" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">699</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_409_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross_iTI_pn3n3_mtPPAEGzQ2W_maPPAENzLFN_zbbyRXDMoYd8" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr id="xdx_406_eus-gaap--AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment_iNI_pn3n3_di_msPPAENzLFN_zczCOKeEYlok" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">Less accumulated depreciation and amortization</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31" id="Fact002200" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">190,675</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment" contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31" id="Fact002201" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">176,578</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet_iTI_pn3n3_mtPPAENzLFN_zHGHrUD9OdCk" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">Property, plant, and equipment, net</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31" id="Fact002203" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">38,652</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet" contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31" id="Fact002204" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">38,655</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  </table>

</ix:nonNumeric><p id="xdx_8AE_zDPRXbgZ5vW2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company reduced its gross property, plant, and equipment and accumulated depreciation and amortization by $<span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentDisposals_pn5n6_c20230801__20240731_zR782ScSMln1" title="Disposal of property, plant and equipment"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentDisposals" contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" id="Fact002206" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">4.6</ix:nonFraction></span> million and $<span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentDisposals_pn5n6_c20210801__20220731_zLwwo8MM6B2i" title="Disposal of property, plant and equipment"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentDisposals" contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31" id="Fact002208" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">4.2</ix:nonFraction></span> million
in fiscal 2024 and fiscal 2023, respectively, for property, plant, and equipment that was fully depreciated and no longer in service.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Depreciation
and amortization expense of property, plant, and equipment was $<span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--Depreciation_pn5n6_c20230801__20240731_zqeebfSLMNQ5" title="Depreciation expense"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:Depreciation" contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" id="Fact002210" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">19.1</ix:nonFraction></span> million, $<span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--Depreciation_pn5n6_c20220801__20230731_zTfxVbadQhce" title="Depreciation expense"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:Depreciation" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31" id="Fact002212" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">18.6</ix:nonFraction></span> million, and $<span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--Depreciation_pn5n6_c20210801__20220731_z8GfMDN15uG9" title="Depreciation expense"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:Depreciation" contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31" id="Fact002214" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">16.8</ix:nonFraction></span> million in fiscal 2024, fiscal
2023, and fiscal 2022, respectively.</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font: normal 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font: normal 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">In
fiscal 2023, the Company recorded an expense of $<span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--OtherExpenses_pn5n6_c20220801__20230731_zA2jvfOoVKz7" title="Expenses for telephone equipment"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OtherExpenses" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31" id="Fact002216" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">0.1</ix:nonFraction></span> million for telephone equipment that was taken out of service, which was included
in &#8220;Other operating expense, net&#8221; in the accompanying consolidated statements of income.</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" escape="true" id="Fact002218" name="us-gaap:GoodwillDisclosureTextBlock"><p id="xdx_808_eus-gaap--GoodwillDisclosureTextBlock_zoXnLHlIp1id" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Note
11&#8212;<span id="xdx_827_z347a0PGiDra">Goodwill</span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" escape="true" id="Fact002220" name="us-gaap:ScheduleOfIntangibleAssetsAndGoodwillTableTextBlock"><p id="xdx_89C_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfIntangibleAssetsAndGoodwillTableTextBlock_zoxIn3HnCql1" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
table below reconciles the change in the carrying amount of goodwill by operating segment:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_8B5_zHMlFuhMqHaf" style="display: none">Schedule of Change in Carrying Amount of Goodwill by Operating Segment</span>&#160;</span></span></span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
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  <tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--GoodwillAcquiredDuringPeriod_pn3n3_zHPsIqH0pFte" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td>Acquisitions</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2229">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td>Adjustment</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2233">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr id="xdx_40C_eus-gaap--GoodwillForeignCurrencyTranslationGainLoss_pn3n3_zVTCDOHGb5u5" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">Foreign currency translation adjustments</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2237">&#8212;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:GoodwillForeignCurrencyTranslationGainLoss" contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31" id="Fact002240" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD">541</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_43C_c20220801__20230731_eus-gaap--Goodwill_iS_pn3n3_zbCRMEkPyU29" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-weight: bold">Balance at July 31, 2022</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:Goodwill" contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31_custom_FintechMember" id="Fact002242" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">3,199</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:Goodwill" contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31_custom_Net2phoneMember" id="Fact002243" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">9,743</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr id="xdx_40C_eus-gaap--GoodwillForeignCurrencyTranslationGainLoss_pn3n3_z1REOyWxDxZe" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">Foreign currency translation adjustments</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr id="xdx_433_c20230801__20240731_eus-gaap--Goodwill_iS_pn3n3_zilUTCkbfqe" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-weight: bold">Balance at July 31, 2023</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:Goodwill" contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31_custom_FintechMember" id="Fact002252" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">3,199</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:Goodwill" contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31_custom_Net2phoneMember" id="Fact002253" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">9,844</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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</table>
</ix:nonNumeric><p id="xdx_8AC_zo3Sf6evhjX6" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" escape="true" id="Fact002277" name="us-gaap:GoodwillAndIntangibleAssetsDisclosureTextBlock"><p id="xdx_809_eus-gaap--GoodwillAndIntangibleAssetsDisclosureTextBlock_zm0Q1W6mesXj" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Note
12&#8212;<span id="xdx_82C_zi5FYPPDx4L9">Other Intangible Assets</span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" escape="true" id="Fact002279" name="us-gaap:ScheduleOfFiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsTableTextBlock"><p id="xdx_891_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfFiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsTableTextBlock_zfjj6QWVv805" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
table below presents information on the Company&#8217;s amortized intangible assets:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_8B2_zpNjNWhtG1Rl" style="display: none">Schedule of Company's Amortized Intangible Assets</span>&#160;</span></span></span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">(in thousands)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Weighted</p>
                    <p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Average</p>
                    <p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Amortization</p>
                    <p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Period</p></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right">&#160;</td>
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                                              <p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Carrying</p>
                                              <p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Amount</p></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Accumulated</p>
                                              <p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Amortization</p></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Net</p>
                                              <p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Balance</p></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td>July 31, 2024</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 20pt; width: 36%">Tradenames</td><td style="width: 2%; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 12%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--AcquiredFiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsWeightedAverageUsefulLife_dtY_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis__us-gaap--TradeNamesMember_zUUxN6E4Cy4j" title="Acquired Finite-lived Intangible Assets, Weighted Average Useful Life"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_us-gaap_TradeNamesMember" format="ixt-sec:duryear" id="Fact002281" name="us-gaap:AcquiredFiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsWeightedAverageUsefulLife">14.5</ix:nonNumeric></span> years</b></span></td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 2%; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsGross_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis__us-gaap--TradeNamesMember_zjCjukqWISIa" title="Gross Carrying Amount" style="width: 12%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsGross" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31_us-gaap_TradeNamesMember" id="Fact002283" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">1,400</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 2%; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAccumulatedAmortization_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis__us-gaap--TradeNamesMember_z9MTf9QwBNeg" title="Accumulated Amortization" style="width: 12%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAccumulatedAmortization" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31_us-gaap_TradeNamesMember" id="Fact002285" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD">445</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td style="width: 2%; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNet_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis__us-gaap--TradeNamesMember_zpoU4cYA4jc4" title="Net Balance" style="width: 12%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNet" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31_us-gaap_TradeNamesMember" id="Fact002287" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">955</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 20pt; text-align: left">Non-compete agreements</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--AcquiredFiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsWeightedAverageUsefulLife_dtY_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis__us-gaap--NoncompeteAgreementsMember_zxfyR2NUUl16" title="Acquired Finite-lived Intangible Assets, Weighted Average Useful Life"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_us-gaap_NoncompeteAgreementsMember" format="ixt-sec:duryear" id="Fact002289" name="us-gaap:AcquiredFiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsWeightedAverageUsefulLife">6.0</ix:nonNumeric></span> years</b></span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsGross_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis__us-gaap--NoncompeteAgreementsMember_zahnY9593S46" title="Gross Carrying Amount" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsGross" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31_us-gaap_NoncompeteAgreementsMember" id="Fact002291" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">660</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAccumulatedAmortization_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis__us-gaap--NoncompeteAgreementsMember_zf2oNJERTMfb" title="Accumulated Amortization" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAccumulatedAmortization" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31_us-gaap_NoncompeteAgreementsMember" id="Fact002293" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD">266</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNet_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis__us-gaap--NoncompeteAgreementsMember_zLWqJ0L7E585" title="Net Balance" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNet" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31_us-gaap_NoncompeteAgreementsMember" id="Fact002295" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">394</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 20pt; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">Customer relationships</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--AcquiredFiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsWeightedAverageUsefulLife_dtY_c20220801__20230731__us-gaap--IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis__us-gaap--CustomerRelationshipsMember_znrh4H9xkE7h" title="Acquired Finite-lived Intangible Assets, Weighted Average Useful Life"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31_us-gaap_CustomerRelationshipsMember" format="ixt-sec:duryear" id="Fact002329" name="us-gaap:AcquiredFiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsWeightedAverageUsefulLife">7.5</ix:nonNumeric></span> years</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsGross_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis__us-gaap--CustomerRelationshipsMember_zyn5eXGH0i0i" title="Gross Carrying Amount" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsGross" contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31_us-gaap_CustomerRelationshipsMember" id="Fact002331" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">11,511</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98A_eus-gaap--FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNet_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis__us-gaap--CustomerRelationshipsMember_zFhnWM2aBHT6" title="Net Balance" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNet" contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31_us-gaap_CustomerRelationshipsMember" id="Fact002335" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">5,983</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">TOTAL</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsGross_iI_pn3n3_c20230731_zbNgSkQ0U5v1" title="Gross Carrying Amount" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsGross" contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31" id="Fact002339" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">15,507</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAccumulatedAmortization_iI_pn3n3_c20230731_zysgAkWFBMjj" title="Accumulated Amortization" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAccumulatedAmortization" contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31" id="Fact002341" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD">7,311</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNet_iI_pn3n3_c20230731_zdBzHoW54MUk" title="Net Balance" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNet" contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31" id="Fact002343" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">8,196</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  </table>

</ix:nonNumeric><p id="xdx_8A0_z3eXwrHpiRdk" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
March 2024, the Company completed a portion of the integration of the Leaf Wallet platform into the BOSS Money app, including replacing
the Leaf tradename with BOSS Money. The Leaf tradename balance of $<span id="xdx_90B_ecustom--LossOnDisposalOfIntangibleAsset_pn5n6_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis__us-gaap--TradeNamesMember_zXqnx6lCj2Zf" title="Loss on disposal of intangible assets"><ix:nonFraction name="IDT:LossOnDisposalOfIntangibleAsset" contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_us-gaap_TradeNamesMember" id="Fact002345" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">0.1</ix:nonFraction></span> million was written-off in fiscal 2024.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Amortization
expense of intangible assets was $<span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--AmortizationOfIntangibleAssets_pn5n6_c20230801__20240731_zbCK70SUfGJ9" title="Amortization of intangible assets"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AmortizationOfIntangibleAssets" contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" id="Fact002347" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">1.3</ix:nonFraction></span> million, $<span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--AmortizationOfIntangibleAssets_pn5n6_c20220801__20230731_zA5vndXQfvHc" title="Amortization of intangible assets"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AmortizationOfIntangibleAssets" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31" id="Fact002349" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">1.5</ix:nonFraction></span> million, and $<span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--AmortizationOfIntangibleAssets_pn5n6_c20210801__20220731_zS1EfDFQ1jPj" title="Amortization of intangible assets"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AmortizationOfIntangibleAssets" contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31" id="Fact002351" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">1.3</ix:nonFraction></span> million in fiscal 2024, fiscal 2023, and fiscal 2022, respectively.
The Company estimates that amortization expense of intangible assets with finite lives will be $<span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseNextTwelveMonths_iI_pn5n6_c20240731_zJ8gQMJdxbCe" title="Amortization expense of intangible assets in fiscal 2025"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseNextTwelveMonths" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31" id="Fact002353" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">1.2</ix:nonFraction></span> million, $<span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseYearTwo_iI_pn5n6_c20240731_zeYYRUg1vOhj" title="Amortization expense of intangible assets in fiscal 2026"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseYearTwo" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31" id="Fact002355" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">1.2</ix:nonFraction></span> million, $<span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseYearThree_iI_pn5n6_c20240731_zxzpygX5djb1" title="Amortization expense of intangible assets in fiscal 2027"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseYearThree" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31" id="Fact002357" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">1.1</ix:nonFraction></span> million,
$<span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseYearFour_iI_pn5n6_c20240731_zzfOIJyGQem4" title="Amortization expense of intangible assets in fiscal 2028"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseYearFour" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31" id="Fact002359" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">1.0</ix:nonFraction></span> million, and $<span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseYearFive_iI_pn5n6_c20240731_zsoHktZq9yja" title="Amortization expense of intangible assets in fiscal 2029"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseYearFive" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31" id="Fact002361" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">0.6</ix:nonFraction></span> million in fiscal 2025, fiscal 2026, fiscal 2027, fiscal 2028, and fiscal 2029, respectively.</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


<ix:exclude><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 29; Value: 1 -->
    <div style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; margin-bottom: 6pt"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><td style="text-align: center; width: 100%">F-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->29<!-- Field: /Sequence --></td></tr></table></div>
    <div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><td style="text-align: center; width: 100%">&#160;</td></tr></table></div>
    <!-- Field: /Page --></ix:exclude>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" escape="true" id="Fact002363" name="us-gaap:VariableInterestEntityDisclosureTextBlock"><p id="xdx_804_eus-gaap--VariableInterestEntityDisclosureTextBlock_zAWBbJfUv5xl" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Note
13&#8212;<span id="xdx_82A_z3J0ovScr496">Variable Interest Entity</span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company is the primary beneficiary of a variable interest entity (&#8220;VIE&#8221;) that operates money transfer businesses. The Company
determined that, effective May 31, 2021, it had the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact its economic
performance, and the Company has the obligation to absorb losses of and the right to receive benefits from the VIE that could potentially
be significant to it. As a result, the Company consolidates the VIE. The Company does not currently own any interest in the VIE and thus
the net income incurred by the VIE was attributed to noncontrolling interests in the accompanying statements of income.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" escape="true" id="Fact002365" name="srt:ScheduleOfCondensedIncomeStatementTableTextBlock"><p id="xdx_890_esrt--ScheduleOfCondensedIncomeStatementTableTextBlock_zMWQcU0t29Pd" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
VIE&#8217;s net income and aggregate funding provided by (repaid to) the Company were as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_8B7_znFEpkVVFWJ7" style="display: none">Schedule of Net Income and Aggregate Funding Repaid to the Company by VIE</span>&#160;</span></span></span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><p style="text-align: left; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Year ended July 31</p>
        <p style="text-align: left; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">(in thousands)</p></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_495_20230801__20240731_zyseFBboosz6" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_491_20220801__20230731_zrhKQaS9ygbl" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_49A_20210801__20220731_zbWtpmRWopCg" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2022</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_409_ecustom--VariableInterestEntityNetIncomeLosstAmount_pn3n3_zz1w2oEptvp" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 52%; text-align: left">Net income of the VIE</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 2%; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 12%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="IDT:VariableInterestEntityNetIncomeLosstAmount" contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" id="Fact002367" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">513</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 12%; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="IDT:VariableInterestEntityNetIncomeLosstAmount" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31" id="Fact002368" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">322</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 12%; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="IDT:VariableInterestEntityNetIncomeLosstAmount" contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31" id="Fact002369" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">248</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_408_ecustom--VariableInterestEntityAggregateFundingRepaidToProvidedByReportingEntity_pn3n3_zosGtPDOL9J6" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">Aggregate funding provided by (repaid to) the Company, net</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="IDT:VariableInterestEntityAggregateFundingRepaidToProvidedByReportingEntity" contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" id="Fact002371" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">215</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="IDT:VariableInterestEntityAggregateFundingRepaidToProvidedByReportingEntity" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31" id="Fact002372" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">112</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="IDT:VariableInterestEntityAggregateFundingRepaidToProvidedByReportingEntity" contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31" id="Fact002373" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD">94</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  </table>

</ix:nonNumeric><p id="xdx_8AB_zP41wAtWGin3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" escape="true" id="Fact002375" name="srt:ScheduleOfCondensedBalanceSheetTableTextBlock"><p id="xdx_89B_esrt--ScheduleOfCondensedBalanceSheetTableTextBlock_zAcjuMEEO2Vl" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
VIE&#8217;s summarized consolidated balance sheet amounts are as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_8BE_z8sNDRAUcAD3" style="display: none">VIE&#8217;s Summarized Consolidated Balance Sheet</span>&#160;</span></span></span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"><p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">July 31</p>
                                                                 <p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">(in thousands)</p></td><td style="text-align: right; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_49B_20240731__srt--ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis__us-gaap--VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_zVayfjMMeBBh" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2024</td><td style="text-align: right; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_49A_20230731__srt--ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis__us-gaap--VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_zrMq9SNLYi76" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2023</td><td style="text-align: right; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-weight: bold">ASSETS</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_iI_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="width: 60%; text-align: left">Cash and cash equivalents</td><td style="width: 2%; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 16%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember" id="Fact002377" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">2,626</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 16%; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue" contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember" id="Fact002378" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">1,596</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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    <td style="text-align: left">Restricted cash</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:RestrictedCashCurrent" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember" id="Fact002380" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">7,426</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:RestrictedCashCurrent" contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember" id="Fact002381" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">7,848</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--ReceivablesNetCurrent_iI_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ReceivablesNetCurrent" contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember" id="Fact002384" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">62</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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    <td style="text-align: left">Disbursement prefunding</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
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  <tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--PrepaidExpenseCurrent_iI_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Prepaid expenses</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:PrepaidExpenseCurrent" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember" id="Fact002389" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">258</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:PrepaidExpenseCurrent" contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember" id="Fact002390" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">197</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--OtherAssetsCurrent_iI_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OtherAssetsCurrent" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember" id="Fact002392" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">294</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OtherAssetsCurrent" contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember" id="Fact002393" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">317</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet_iI_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Property, plant, and equipment, net</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember" id="Fact002395" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">179</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet" contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember" id="Fact002396" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">272</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--OtherIntangibleAssetsNet_iI_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity_iI_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">TOTAL LIABILITIES AND NONCONTROLLING INTERESTS</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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</ix:nonNumeric><p id="xdx_8A6_zHw0vFQZHdH4" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
VIE&#8217;s assets may only be used to settle the VIE&#8217;s obligations and may not be used for other consolidated entities. The VIE&#8217;s
liabilities are non-recourse to the general credit of the Company&#8217;s other consolidated entities.</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" escape="true" id="Fact002425" name="us-gaap:OtherOperatingIncomeAndExpenseTextBlock"><p id="xdx_80E_eus-gaap--OtherOperatingIncomeAndExpenseTextBlock_zntq0otzUF6g" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Note
14&#8212;<span id="xdx_828_zy0sewv1mBik">Other Operating Expense, Net</span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" escape="true" id="Fact002427" name="IDT:ScheduleOfOtherOperatingExpensesGainsNetTableTextBlock"><p id="xdx_892_ecustom--ScheduleOfOtherOperatingExpensesGainsNetTableTextBlock_z6qRCs4T52Mk" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
following table summarizes the other operating expense, net by business segment:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_8B7_zhTKIzbogrJh" style="display: none">Schedule of Other Operating (Expense) Gain, Net</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></span></span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
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    <td style="width: 52%; text-align: left">Corporate &#8212;Straight Path Communications Inc. class action legal fees</td><td style="width: 2%; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 12%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:LegalFees" contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" id="Fact002429" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">7,237</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
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  <tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--UnusualOrInfrequentItemInsuranceProceeds_pn3n3_maOOIENzGym_zNqojmoLR5s1" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Corporate &#8212;Straight Path Communications Inc. class action insurance claims</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:UnusualOrInfrequentItemInsuranceProceeds" contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" id="Fact002433" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">2,869</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:UnusualOrInfrequentItemInsuranceProceeds" contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31" id="Fact002435" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">6,635</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--IncomeTaxCreditsAndAdjustments_iN_pn3n3_di_msOOIENzGym_z5Tq7YO7KTt9" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:IncomeTaxCreditsAndAdjustments" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31" id="Fact002438" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD">1,600</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2439">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_408_ecustom--CorporateOther_iN_pn3n3_di_msOOIENzGym_zJ0vRYiDcSIa" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td>Corporate&#8212;other</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2442">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2443">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40C_ecustom--LossOnDisposalOfIntangibleAsset_iN_pn3n3_di_msOOIENzGym_zEJaPEIFsQVb" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">Fintech&#8212;write-off of intangible asset</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="IDT:LossOnDisposalOfIntangibleAsset" contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" id="Fact002445" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">74</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2446">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2447">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_405_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability1_iN_pn3n3_di_hus-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionAxis__custom--FintechMember_msOOIENzGym_zLBQ6eHjeI3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Fintech&#8212;write-off of contingent consideration liability</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability1" contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_custom_FintechMember106798031" id="Fact002449" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD">1,765</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability1" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31_custom_FintechMember106798031" id="Fact002450" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD">1,565</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2451">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_407_ecustom--FintechgovernmentGrants_pn3n3_maOOIENzGym_zDcesbuGqna5" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">Fintech&#8212;government grants</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
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</ix:nonNumeric><p id="xdx_8A7_zE31khGziyYk" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


<ix:exclude><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 30; Value: 1 -->
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Straight
Path Communications Inc. Class Action</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
discussed in Note 23, the Company (as well as other defendants) was named in a class action on behalf of the stockholders of the Company&#8217;s
former subsidiary, Straight Path Communications Inc. (&#8220;Straight Path&#8221;). The Company incurred legal fees and recorded offsetting
gains from insurance claims related to this action in fiscal 2024, fiscal 2023, and fiscal 2022. In fiscal 2024, the Company received
the final payment from its insurance policy for these claims. On October 3, 2023, the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware dismissed
all claims against the Company, and found that, contrary to the plaintiffs&#8217; allegations, the class suffered no damages. The plaintiffs
will have 30 days from entry of the final order to file an appeal.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Grow
New Jersey Assistance Act Tax Credit</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
September 2017, the Company, the Company&#8217;s subsidiary IDT Domestic Telecom, Inc. (&#8220;IDT DT&#8221;), and certain other affiliates
were certified by the New Jersey Economic Development Authority (&#8220;NJEDA&#8221;) as having met the requirements of the Grow New
Jersey Assistance Act Tax Credit Program. The program provides for credits against a corporation&#8217;s New Jersey corporate business
tax liability for maintaining a minimum number of employees in New Jersey, and that tax credits may be sold subject to certain conditions.
On June 5, 2023, the Company received a 2019 tax credit certificate for $<span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--TaxCreditCarryforwardAmount_iI_pn5n6_c20230605__us-gaap--IncomeTaxAuthorityNameAxis__custom--NewJerseyEconomicDevelopmentAuthorityMember_z0CVthl6Wb03" title="Tax credit"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:TaxCreditCarryforwardAmount" contextRef="AsOf2023-06-05_custom_NewJerseyEconomicDevelopmentAuthorityMember" id="Fact002501" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">1.8</ix:nonFraction></span> million from the NJEDA. In August 2023, the Company sold
the certificate for cash of $<span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--Cash_iI_pn5n6_c20230831__us-gaap--IncomeTaxAuthorityNameAxis__custom--NewJerseyEconomicDevelopmentAuthorityMember_z7TyoBp7SEMd" title="Cash"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:Cash" contextRef="AsOf2023-08-31_custom_NewJerseyEconomicDevelopmentAuthorityMember" id="Fact002503" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">1.6</ix:nonFraction></span> million.</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Contingent
Consideration Liabilities</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
fiscal 2024 and fiscal 2023, the Company determined that the requirements for the contingent consideration payments related to the
Leaf acquisition would likely not be met. The Company recognized gains in the Fintech segment of $<span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability1_pn5n6_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--FintechMember_z506MEHONkKd"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability1" contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_custom_FintechMember" id="Fact002504" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">1.8</ix:nonFraction></span>
million and $<span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability1_pn5n6_c20220801__20230731__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--FintechMember_zEkD53X3ZRC7"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability1" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31_custom_FintechMember" id="Fact002505" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">1.6</ix:nonFraction> </span>million
in fiscal 2024 and fiscal 2023, respectively, on the write-off of these contingent consideration payment obligations. Also, in
fiscal 2024 and fiscal 2022, the Company determined that the requirements for contingent consideration payments related to an
acquisition in a prior period would not be met. The Company recognized gains in the net2phone segment of $<span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability1_pn5n6_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--Net2phoneMember_zzno0gm0kAD1"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability1" contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_custom_Net2phoneMember" id="Fact002506" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">0.1</ix:nonFraction></span>
million and $<span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability1_pn5n6_c20210801__20220731__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--Net2phoneMember_zGlJFynz52e1"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability1" contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31_custom_Net2phoneMember" id="Fact002507" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">0.3</ix:nonFraction></span>
million in fiscal 2024 and fiscal 2022, respectively, on the write-off of these contingent consideration payment obligations. In
fiscal 2023, the Company increased the estimated fair value of acquisition-related contingent consideration in its Traditional
Communications segment by $<span id="xdx_900_ecustom--TraditionalCommunicationsContingentConsiderationLiability_pn5n6_c20220801__20230731__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--TraditionalCommunicationsSegmentMember_zrDVaJggtd9a" title="Estimated fair value of acquisition related contingent consideration liability"><ix:nonFraction name="IDT:TraditionalCommunicationsContingentConsiderationLiability" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31_custom_TraditionalCommunicationsSegmentMember" id="Fact002509" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">0.2</ix:nonFraction></span>
million.</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Government
Grants</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
fiscal 2023 and fiscal 2022, Leaf received payments from government grants for the development and commercialization of blockchain-backed
financial technologies.</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Write-off
of Capitalized Internal Use Software Costs</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font: normal 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font: normal 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">In
fiscal 2024 and fiscal 2023, the Company reduced its unamortized capitalized internal use software costs for internal use software that
was taken out of service and recorded expense of $<span id="xdx_907_ecustom--WriteOffOfCapitalizedInternalUseSoftwareCosts_pn5n6_c20230801__20240731_ztgvuSLdHgc3" title="Write-off of capitalized internal use software costs"><ix:nonFraction name="IDT:WriteOffOfCapitalizedInternalUseSoftwareCosts" contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" id="Fact002511" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">0.3</ix:nonFraction> </span>million and $<span id="xdx_903_ecustom--WriteOffOfCapitalizedInternalUseSoftwareCosts_pn5n6_c20220801__20230731_zZ5oGJZeTZp5" title="Write-off of capitalized internal use software costs"><ix:nonFraction name="IDT:WriteOffOfCapitalizedInternalUseSoftwareCosts" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31" id="Fact002513" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">1.4</ix:nonFraction></span> million, respectively.</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Indemnification
Claim</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Beginning
in June 2019, as part of a commercial resolution, the Company indemnified a cable telephony customer related to patent infringement claims
brought against the customer. On May 8, 2023, the Company and the customer agreed to release the Company from the indemnification agreement
in exchange for $<span id="xdx_900_ecustom--TraditionalCommunicationsCableTelephonyCustomerIndemnificationClaim_pn5n6_c20230508__20230508__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--IndemnificationAgreementMember_zjpC7u3gaAl3" title="Traditional communications cable telephony customer indemnification claim"><ix:nonFraction name="IDT:TraditionalCommunicationsCableTelephonyCustomerIndemnificationClaim" contextRef="From2023-05-082023-05-08_custom_IndemnificationAgreementMember" id="Fact002515" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">3.9</ix:nonFraction></span> million.</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


<ix:exclude><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 31; Value: 1 -->
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    <div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><td style="text-align: center; width: 100%">&#160;</td></tr></table></div>
    <!-- Field: /Page --></ix:exclude>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" escape="true" id="Fact002517" name="us-gaap:DebtDisclosureTextBlock"><p id="xdx_800_eus-gaap--DebtDisclosureTextBlock_zfuCJFhkVxF" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Note
15&#8212;<span id="xdx_820_zRou42CqYg9">Revolving Credit Facility</span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company&#8217;s subsidiary, IDT Telecom, Inc. (&#8220;IDT Telecom&#8221;), entered into a credit agreement, dated as of May 17, 2021,
with TD Bank, N.A. for a revolving credit facility for up to a maximum principal amount of $<span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity_iI_pn5n6_c20210517__us-gaap--CreditFacilityAxis__us-gaap--RevolvingCreditFacilityMember__us-gaap--LineOfCreditFacilityAxis__custom--TDBankMember_zincVFCdeKSj" title="Line of credit facility, maximum borrowing capacity"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity" contextRef="AsOf2021-05-17_us-gaap_RevolvingCreditFacilityMember_custom_TDBankMember" id="Fact002519" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">25.0</ix:nonFraction></span> million. As of July 15, 2024 and July
28, 2023, IDT Telecom and TD Bank, N.A. amended certain terms of the credit agreement. IDT Telecom may use the proceeds to finance working
capital requirements and for certain closing costs of the facility. At July 31, 2024 and 2023, there were <span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--LineOfCredit_iI_pn5n6_do_c20240731__us-gaap--CreditFacilityAxis__us-gaap--RevolvingCreditFacilityMember__us-gaap--LineOfCreditFacilityAxis__custom--TDBankMember_ziocsmSPpTI5" title="Outstanding line of credit"><span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--LineOfCredit_iI_pn5n6_do_c20230731__us-gaap--CreditFacilityAxis__us-gaap--RevolvingCreditFacilityMember__us-gaap--LineOfCreditFacilityAxis__custom--TDBankMember_ziyqmlUajN9e" title="Outstanding line of credit"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:LineOfCredit" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31_us-gaap_RevolvingCreditFacilityMember_custom_TDBankMember" id="Fact002521" format="ixt-sec:numwordsen" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:LineOfCredit" contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31_us-gaap_RevolvingCreditFacilityMember_custom_TDBankMember" id="Fact002523" format="ixt-sec:numwordsen" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">no</ix:nonFraction></ix:nonFraction></span></span> amounts outstanding under
this facility. In fiscal 2024, fiscal 2023, and fiscal 2022, IDT Telecom borrowed and repaid an aggregate of $<span><span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--ProceedsFromLinesOfCredit_pn5n6_c20230801__20240731__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--IDTTelecomMember_zzyNaPlrbj2h" title="Proceeds from lines of credit"><span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--RepaymentsOfLinesOfCredit_pn5n6_c20230801__20240731__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--IDTTelecomMember_z7QUZidGO772" title="Repayments of lines of credit"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ProceedsFromLinesOfCredit" contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_custom_IDTTelecomMember" id="Fact002525" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:RepaymentsOfLinesOfCredit" contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_custom_IDTTelecomMember" id="Fact002527" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">32.9</ix:nonFraction></ix:nonFraction></span></span></span> million, $<span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--RepaymentsOfLinesOfCredit_pn5n6_c20220801__20230731__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--IDTTelecomMember_zEKGL5gPz0Ve" title="Repayments of lines of credit"><span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--ProceedsFromLinesOfCredit_pn5n6_c20220801__20230731__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--IDTTelecomMember_z3fhP6qOdMBl" title="Proceeds from lines of credit"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:RepaymentsOfLinesOfCredit" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31_custom_IDTTelecomMember" id="Fact002529" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ProceedsFromLinesOfCredit" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31_custom_IDTTelecomMember" id="Fact002531" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">27.4</ix:nonFraction></ix:nonFraction></span></span> million,
and $<span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--RepaymentsOfLinesOfCredit_pn5n6_c20210801__20220731__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--IDTTelecomMember_z6j7fxTzcVTg" title="Repayments of lines of credit"><span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--ProceedsFromLinesOfCredit_pn5n6_c20210801__20220731__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--IDTTelecomMember_zZv6vkHw3my6" title="Proceeds from lines of credit"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:RepaymentsOfLinesOfCredit" contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31_custom_IDTTelecomMember" id="Fact002533" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ProceedsFromLinesOfCredit" contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31_custom_IDTTelecomMember" id="Fact002535" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">2.6</ix:nonFraction></ix:nonFraction></span></span> million, respectively, under the facility. <span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--LineOfCreditFacilityDescription_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--CreditFacilityAxis__us-gaap--RevolvingCreditFacilityMember__us-gaap--LineOfCreditFacilityAxis__custom--TDBankMember_zh0iPTZONgVe" title="Credit facility, description"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_us-gaap_RevolvingCreditFacilityMember_custom_TDBankMember" id="Fact002537" name="us-gaap:LineOfCreditFacilityDescription">The revolving credit facility is secured by primarily all of IDT Telecom&#8217;s
assets. The principal outstanding bears interest per annum at the secured overnight financing rate published by the Federal Reserve Bank
of New York plus 10 basis points, plus depending upon IDT Telecom&#8217;s leverage ratio as computed for the most recent fiscal quarter,
125 to 175 basis points. Interest is payable monthly, and all outstanding principal and any accrued and unpaid interest is due on <span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentMaturityDate_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--CreditFacilityAxis__us-gaap--RevolvingCreditFacilityMember__us-gaap--LineOfCreditFacilityAxis__custom--TDBankMember_zlZGy2rCQGK4" title="Debt instrument maturity date"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_us-gaap_RevolvingCreditFacilityMember_custom_TDBankMember" format="ixt:datemonthdayyearen" id="Fact002539" name="us-gaap:DebtInstrumentMaturityDate">May
16, 2026</ix:nonNumeric></span>. IDT Telecom pays a quarterly unused commitment fee of 10 basis points on the average daily balance of the unused portion of
the $<span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--LineOfCreditFacilityRemainingBorrowingCapacity_iI_pn5n6_c20210517__us-gaap--CreditFacilityAxis__us-gaap--RevolvingCreditFacilityMember__us-gaap--LineOfCreditFacilityAxis__custom--TDBankMember_z0mWAllhpsYa" title="Revolving credit, unused portion amount"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:LineOfCreditFacilityRemainingBorrowingCapacity" contextRef="AsOf2021-05-17_us-gaap_RevolvingCreditFacilityMember_custom_TDBankMember" id="Fact002541" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">25.0</ix:nonFraction></span> million commitment.</ix:nonNumeric></span> IDT Telecom is required to comply with various affirmative and negative covenants as well as maintain certain
targets based on financial ratios during the term of the revolving credit facility. As of July 31, 2024 and 2023, IDT Telecom was in
compliance with all of the covenants.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
the first quarter of fiscal 2025 through October 7, 2024, IDT Telecom borrowed and repaid an aggregate of $<span><span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--ProceedsFromLinesOfCredit_pn5n6_c20240801__20241007__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--IDTTelecomMember__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember_z6M2jYEP4Qwa" title="Proceeds from lines of credit"><span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--RepaymentsOfLinesOfCredit_pn5n6_c20240801__20241007__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--IDTTelecomMember__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember_zZgnGKeA9Ghh" title="Repayments of lines of credit"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ProceedsFromLinesOfCredit" contextRef="From2024-08-012024-10-07_custom_IDTTelecomMember_us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember" id="Fact002543" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:RepaymentsOfLinesOfCredit" contextRef="From2024-08-012024-10-07_custom_IDTTelecomMember_us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember" id="Fact002545" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">14.2</ix:nonFraction></ix:nonFraction></span></span></span> million under the facility.</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" escape="true" id="Fact002547" name="us-gaap:AccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilitiesDisclosureTextBlock"><p id="xdx_80B_eus-gaap--AccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilitiesDisclosureTextBlock_zXrur4neMBih" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Note
16&#8212;<span id="xdx_828_zxvh5CY6CUXl">Accrued Expenses</span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" escape="true" id="Fact002549" name="us-gaap:ScheduleOfAccruedLiabilitiesTableTextBlock"><p id="xdx_898_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfAccruedLiabilitiesTableTextBlock_z6M5olBuOJBf" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Accrued
expenses consist of the following:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_8B9_zHj3znLnN9d6" style="display: none">Schedule of Accrued Expenses</span>&#160;</span></span></span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
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        <p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">(in thousands)</p></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_491_20240731_zQpg5y2486Ag" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 16%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="IDT:CarrierMinutesTermination" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31" id="Fact002551" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">18,301</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="IDT:AccruedRegulatoryFeesCurrent" contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31" id="Fact002555" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">43,302</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:EmployeeRelatedLiabilitiesCurrent" contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31" id="Fact002558" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">18,858</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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    <td style="text-align: left">Maintenance and support</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="IDT:AccruedMaintenanceAndSupport" contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31" id="Fact002561" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">3,434</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_406_eus-gaap--AccruedSalesCommissionCurrent_iI_pn3n3_maALCz5UA_z07Yx4mcATe6" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td>Commissions</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AccruedSalesCommissionCurrent" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31" id="Fact002563" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">6,128</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AccruedSalesCommissionCurrent" contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31" id="Fact002564" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">4,164</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--AccruedProfessionalFeesCurrent_iI_pn3n3_maALCz5UA_zL8PnBjwsTYi" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Legal and professional fees</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AccruedProfessionalFeesCurrent" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31" id="Fact002566" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">3,539</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AccruedProfessionalFeesCurrent" contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31" id="Fact002567" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">8,751</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--OtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent_iI_pn3n3_maALCz5UA_zjMvxcb1R35d" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">Other</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31" id="Fact002569" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">10,557</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent" contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31" id="Fact002570" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">11,612</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent_iTI_pn3n3_mtALCz5UA_zGxv1IlvGGt8" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">TOTAL</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31" id="Fact002572" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">103,176</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent" contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31" id="Fact002573" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">110,796</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  </table>

</ix:nonNumeric><p id="xdx_8A1_zEMY5Z74QAo5" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" escape="true" id="Fact002575" name="us-gaap:MinorityInterestDisclosureTextBlock"><p id="xdx_808_eus-gaap--MinorityInterestDisclosureTextBlock_zolYgqxl0s89" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Note
17&#8212;<span id="xdx_825_z1F5rOCCBBX1">Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest</span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On
September 29, 2021, NRS sold shares of its Class B common stock representing <span id="xdx_90E_ecustom--SaleOfStockPercentageOfSubsidiaryEquityIssuedInTransaction_pid_dp_uPure_c20210928__20210929__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember_zSqeApr5CCB6" title="Capital stock outstanding percentage"><ix:nonFraction name="IDT:SaleOfStockPercentageOfSubsidiaryEquityIssuedInTransaction" contextRef="From2021-09-282021-09-29_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_NationalRetailSolutionsMember" id="Fact002577" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" scale="-2" unitRef="Pure">2.5</ix:nonFraction></span>% of its outstanding capital stock on a fully diluted
basis to Alta Fox Opportunities Fund LP (&#8220;Alta Fox&#8221;) for cash of $<span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--SaleOfStockConsiderationReceivedOnTransaction_pn6n6_c20210928__20210929__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember_zCRSqWj92tG7" title="Sale of stock, consideration received on transaction"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:SaleOfStockConsiderationReceivedOnTransaction" contextRef="From2021-09-282021-09-29_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_NationalRetailSolutionsMember" id="Fact002579" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-6" scale="6" unitRef="USD">10</ix:nonFraction></span> million. Alta Fox has the right to request that NRS
redeem all or any portion of the NRS common shares that it purchased at the per share purchase price during a period of 182 days following
the fifth anniversary of this transaction. The redemption right shall terminate upon the consummation of (i) a sale of NRS or its assets
for cash or securities that are listed on a national securities exchange, (ii) a public offering of NRS&#8217; securities, or (iii) a
distribution of NRS&#8217; capital stock following which NRS&#8217; common shares are listed on a national securities exchange.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
shares of NRS&#8217; Class B common stock sold to Alta Fox have been classified as mezzanine equity in the accompanying consolidated
balance sheet because they may be redeemed at the option of Alta Fox, although the shares are not mandatorily redeemable. The carrying
amount of the shares includes the noncontrolling interest in the net income of NRS. The net income attributable to the mezzanine equity&#8217;s
noncontrolling interest during the periods were as follows:</span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" escape="true" id="Fact002581" name="us-gaap:RedeemableNoncontrollingInterestTableTextBlock"><p id="xdx_890_eus-gaap--RedeemableNoncontrollingInterestTableTextBlock_zEY6Y3wYj5b5" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;<span id="xdx_8BF_zq2vQjboq6I" style="display: none">Schedule of Net Income Attributable to Mezzanine Equity&#8217;s Noncontrolling Interest</span></span></span></span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Year ended July 31</p>
                                               <p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">(in thousands)</p></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_493_20230801__20240731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember_zD3dTnTVFUbf" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_49A_20220801__20230731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember_zGnnhXT3FU7h" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_495_20210801__20220731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember_zqqrZlLFWeTj" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2022</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40B_eus-gaap--NetIncomeLossAttributableToRedeemableNoncontrollingInterest_pn3n3_zNEz4AEMSMNl" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 52%; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Net income of NRS attributable to the mezzanine equity&#8217;s noncontrolling interest</td><td style="width: 2%; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 12%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:NetIncomeLossAttributableToRedeemableNoncontrollingInterest" contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_NationalRetailSolutionsMember" id="Fact002583" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">429</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 2%; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 12%; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:NetIncomeLossAttributableToRedeemableNoncontrollingInterest" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_NationalRetailSolutionsMember" id="Fact002584" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">281</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 2%; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 12%; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:NetIncomeLossAttributableToRedeemableNoncontrollingInterest" contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_NationalRetailSolutionsMember" id="Fact002585" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">191</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  </table>

</ix:nonNumeric><p id="xdx_8AB_zvWfpeSDqEV" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" escape="true" id="Fact002587" name="us-gaap:OtherIncomeAndOtherExpenseDisclosureTextBlock"><p id="xdx_800_eus-gaap--OtherIncomeAndOtherExpenseDisclosureTextBlock_zpRu5kMvbphl" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Note
18&#8212;<span id="xdx_82D_zWy7RJiDP5Y4">Other Expense, Net</span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" escape="true" id="Fact002589" name="us-gaap:ScheduleOfOtherNonoperatingIncomeExpenseTableTextBlock"><p id="xdx_893_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfOtherNonoperatingIncomeExpenseTableTextBlock_zkqEKgU4hTEc" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Other
expense, net consists of the following:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;<span id="xdx_8BB_z86FusejaW6b" style="display: none">Schedule of Other (Expense) Income, Net</span></span></span></span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Year ended July 31</p>
        <p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">(in thousands)</p></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_498_20230801__20240731_z36JOKwYY79e" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_49F_20220801__20230731_zoDKX3hHCZAk" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_49B_20210801__20220731_zBwUmhxZa5z2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2022</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossRealized_pn3n3_maNIEzeRA_z0AaV6BZRtCj" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 52%; text-align: left">Foreign currency transaction (losses) gains</td><td style="width: 2%; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 12%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossRealized" contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" id="Fact002591" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD">3,787</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 12%; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossRealized" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31" id="Fact002592" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">3,353</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 12%; text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossRealized" contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31" id="Fact002593" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD">1,742</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_406_eus-gaap--IncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments_pn3n3_maNIEzeRA_zSBCph4t6zS" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Equity in net loss of investee</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:IncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments" contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" id="Fact002595" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD">3,463</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:IncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31" id="Fact002596" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD">3,095</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:IncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments" contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31" id="Fact002597" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD">2,951</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_409_eus-gaap--GainLossOnInvestments_pn3n3_maNIEzeRA_zB0r4b9mOYag" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">Gains (losses) on investments</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:GainLossOnInvestments" contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" id="Fact002599" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">229</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:GainLossOnInvestments" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31" id="Fact002600" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD">2,613</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:GainLossOnInvestments" contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31" id="Fact002601" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD">19,248</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_406_eus-gaap--OtherIncome_pn3n3_maNIEzeRA_z97hnXwIeCP9" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">Other</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OtherIncome" contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" id="Fact002603" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD">591</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OtherIncome" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31" id="Fact002604" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD">728</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OtherIncome" contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31" id="Fact002605" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD">1,411</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--NonoperatingIncomeExpense_iT_pn3n3_mtNIEzeRA_zqOAJ70nKitk" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">TOTAL</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:NonoperatingIncomeExpense" contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" id="Fact002607" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD">7,612</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:NonoperatingIncomeExpense" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31" id="Fact002608" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD">3,083</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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</ix:nonNumeric><p id="xdx_8AD_zk9XJdYebFte" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


<ix:exclude><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 32; Value: 1 -->
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" escape="true" id="Fact002611" name="us-gaap:IncomeTaxDisclosureTextBlock"><p id="xdx_80E_eus-gaap--IncomeTaxDisclosureTextBlock_zVQH4fYRRsH6" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Note
19&#8212;<span id="xdx_828_z5FoXNBtwtn8">Income Taxes</span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" escape="true" id="Fact002613" name="us-gaap:ScheduleOfIncomeBeforeIncomeTaxDomesticAndForeignTableTextBlock"><p id="xdx_896_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfIncomeBeforeIncomeTaxDomesticAndForeignTableTextBlock_zT2020CkdFd5" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
components of income before income taxes are as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_8B9_zcaHtjPe8yX" style="display: none">Components
of Income Before Income Taxes</span>&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Year ended July 31</p>
        <p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">(in thousands)</p></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_49C_20230801__20240731_z2Z2ul9ZGS4" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_494_20220801__20230731_zDPgBKXcMMv9" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="width: 52%">Domestic</td><td style="width: 2%; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 12%; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesDomestic" contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31" id="Fact002617" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">25,025</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesForeign" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31" id="Fact002620" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">12,771</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest" contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" id="Fact002623" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">61,910</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest" contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31" id="Fact002625" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">34,883</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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</ix:nonNumeric><p id="xdx_8A2_zNASH4sJT47b" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" escape="true" id="Fact002627" name="us-gaap:ScheduleOfDeferredTaxAssetsAndLiabilitiesTableTextBlock"><p id="xdx_89C_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfDeferredTaxAssetsAndLiabilitiesTableTextBlock_zjQAzPr0TQia" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Significant
components of the Company&#8217;s deferred income tax assets consist of the following:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_8B2_zI2tHIg4DGJe" style="display: none">Significant
Components of Deferred Income Taxes</span>&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">July 31</p>
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    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_49F_20240731_zUEgzn5GCmVc" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_495_20230731_zwq1aCKtYZM8" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">Deferred income tax assets:</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_406_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccrualsAllowanceForDoubtfulAccounts_iI_pn3n3_maDTAGzMOW_z6v4Cl904tG5" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 16%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccrualsAllowanceForDoubtfulAccounts" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31" id="Fact002629" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">1,588</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
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  <tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccrualsAccruedLiabilities_iI_pn3n3_maDTAGzMOW_zk6ViEad1Hbj" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">Accrued expenses</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccrualsAccruedLiabilities" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31" id="Fact002632" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">2,897</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccrualsAccruedLiabilities" contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31" id="Fact002633" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">4,825</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseCompensationAndBenefitsShareBasedCompensationCost_iI_pn3n3_maDTAGzMOW_zkyf4Zb8tlEl" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">Stock options and restricted stock</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
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  <tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxAssetsCharitableContributionCarryforwards_iI_pn3n3_maDTAGzMOW_zUNIEnkFTZAj" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">Charitable contributions</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsCharitableContributionCarryforwards" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31" id="Fact002638" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">754</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt">Depreciation</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxAssetsPropertyPlantAndEquipment_iI_pn3n3_maDTAGzMOW_c20240731_zpY0cRCOBie1" title="Depreciation, Assets" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsPropertyPlantAndEquipment" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31" id="Fact002641" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">70</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr id="xdx_409_ecustom--DeferredTaxLiabilitiesUnrealizedLossGainsOnTradingSecurities_iNI_pn3n3_di_msDTAGzMOW_z6m4SOiMAhm6" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">Unrealized gain</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">Net operating loss</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwards" contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31" id="Fact002649" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">23,870</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_409_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxAssetsGross_iTI_pn3n3_maDTALNzjVU_mtDTAGzMOW_zkFIQazc3n98" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">Total deferred income tax assets</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
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  <tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance_iNI_pn3n3_di_msDTALNzjVU_zmvKYYg9Kwt7" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">Valuation allowance</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31" id="Fact002654" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">13,602</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance" contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31" id="Fact002655" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">10,618</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
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    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">NET DEFERRED INCOME TAX ASSETS</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsLiabilitiesNet" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31" id="Fact002657" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">35,008</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsLiabilitiesNet" contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31" id="Fact002658" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">24,101</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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</ix:nonNumeric><p id="xdx_8AF_zYybKVLGwZK4" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" escape="true" id="Fact002660" name="us-gaap:ScheduleOfComponentsOfIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitTableTextBlock"><p id="xdx_897_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfComponentsOfIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitTableTextBlock_zbKNg6ZaLzx" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_8B2_zqcZmUNZViIi" style="display: none">Schedule
of (Provision for) Benefits from Income Taxes</span>&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Year ended July 31</p>
                                               <p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">(in thousands)</p></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td>Current:</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40A_eus-gaap--CurrentFederalTaxExpenseBenefit_iN_pn3n3_di_maCITEBzYVZ_zb4hCu6mKGmf" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; width: 52%">Federal</td><td style="width: 2%; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 12%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:CurrentFederalTaxExpenseBenefit" contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" id="Fact002662" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">38</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 12%; text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:CurrentFederalTaxExpenseBenefit" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31" id="Fact002663" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">47</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">)</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 12%; text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:CurrentFederalTaxExpenseBenefit" contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31" id="Fact002664" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">45</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--CurrentStateAndLocalTaxExpenseBenefit_iN_pn3n3_di_maCITEBzYVZ_z35iDv0BQJNk" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:CurrentStateAndLocalTaxExpenseBenefit" contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" id="Fact002666" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">2,716</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:CurrentStateAndLocalTaxExpenseBenefit" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31" id="Fact002667" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">1,511</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:CurrentStateAndLocalTaxExpenseBenefit" contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31" id="Fact002668" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">863</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_406_eus-gaap--CurrentForeignTaxExpenseBenefit_iN_pn3n3_di_maCITEBzYVZ_z7u2x6oZe7bg" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1pt">Foreign</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:CurrentForeignTaxExpenseBenefit" contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" id="Fact002670" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">724</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:CurrentForeignTaxExpenseBenefit" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31" id="Fact002671" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">1,275</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:CurrentForeignTaxExpenseBenefit" contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31" id="Fact002672" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">729</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40C_eus-gaap--CurrentIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_iNT_pn3n3_di_mtCITEBzYVZ_maITEBz2xK_zAp3VOmmb6Ab" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="display: none; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Current</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:CurrentIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" id="Fact002674" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">3,478</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:CurrentIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31" id="Fact002675" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">2,833</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:CurrentIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31" id="Fact002676" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">1,637</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td>Deferred:</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40B_eus-gaap--DeferredFederalIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_iN_pn3n3_di_maDITEBzjME_zpXY5BjZjzc1" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt">Federal</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DeferredFederalIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" id="Fact002678" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD">9,725</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DeferredFederalIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31" id="Fact002679" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">14,340</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DeferredFederalIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31" id="Fact002680" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">2,596</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--DeferredStateAndLocalIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_iN_pn3n3_di_maDITEBzjME_zvJeHr1NXzA7" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">State and local</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DeferredStateAndLocalIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" id="Fact002682" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">261</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DeferredStateAndLocalIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31" id="Fact002683" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD">16</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DeferredStateAndLocalIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31" id="Fact002684" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">19</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--DeferredForeignIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_iN_pn3n3_di_maDITEBzjME_zHM6sVUvBGSi" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1pt">Foreign</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DeferredForeignIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" id="Fact002686" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD">368</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DeferredForeignIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31" id="Fact002687" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD">716</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DeferredForeignIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31" id="Fact002688" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">1,626</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_iNT_pn3n3_di_mtDITEBzjME_maITEBz2xK_zujMESpEYOA9" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="display: none; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Deferred</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" id="Fact002690" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD">9,832</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31" id="Fact002691" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">13,608</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31" id="Fact002692" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">4,241</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_iNT_pn3n3_di_mtITEBz2xK_zn8e64wuNigg" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">BENEFIT FROM (PROVISION FOR) INCOME TAXES</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" id="Fact002694" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD">6,354</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31" id="Fact002695" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">16,441</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31" id="Fact002696" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">5,878</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  </table>

</ix:nonNumeric><p id="xdx_8A0_zz7FTqpcOWSe" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


<ix:exclude><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 33; Value: 1 -->
    <div style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; margin-bottom: 6pt"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><td style="text-align: center; width: 100%">F-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->33<!-- Field: /Sequence --></td></tr></table></div>
    <div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><td style="text-align: center; width: 100%">&#160;</td></tr></table></div>
    <!-- Field: /Page --></ix:exclude>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" escape="true" id="Fact002698" name="us-gaap:ScheduleOfEffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationTableTextBlock"><p id="xdx_898_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfEffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationTableTextBlock_zDmJssW6uss9" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
differences between income taxes expected at the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate and income taxes provided are as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_8B9_zJRU7hlueoei" style="display: none">Schedule
of Differences Between Income Taxes Expected Federal Statutory Income Taxes</span>&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:IncomeTaxReconciliationOtherAdjustments" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31" id="Fact002729" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">625</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_iNT_pn3n3_di_mtITEBzt8p_zlJsj6IGV341" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">BENEFIT FROM (PROVISION FOR) INCOME TAXES</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31" id="Fact002733" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">16,441</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31" id="Fact002734" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">5,878</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  </table>

</ix:nonNumeric><p id="xdx_8AB_zZwQhDfs2Jj8" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company&#8217;s cumulative undistributed foreign earnings are included in retained earnings in the Company&#8217;s consolidated balance
sheets and consisted of approximately $<span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--UndistributedEarningsOfForeignSubsidiaries_iI_pn6n6_c20240731_z3jNhweiA5h3" title="Undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:UndistributedEarningsOfForeignSubsidiaries" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31" id="Fact002736" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-6" scale="6" unitRef="USD">297</ix:nonFraction></span> million at July 31, 2024. The Company has concluded that the earnings remain permanently reinvested.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">At
July 31, 2024, the Company had U.S. federal net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $<span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--OperatingLossCarryforwards_iI_pn6n6_c20240731_zK84NwZwXNWf"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OperatingLossCarryforwards" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31" id="Fact002737" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-6" scale="6" unitRef="USD">86</ix:nonFraction></span> million. These loss carryforwards
are available to offset future U.S. federal taxable income. <span id="xdx_901_ecustom--OperatingLossExpirationDescription_c20230801__20240731_z2MuamYEMfDk" title="Operating loss expiration description"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" id="Fact002739" name="IDT:OperatingLossExpirationDescription">U.S. federal net operating loss carryforwards of $<span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwardsSubjectToExpiration_iI_pn6n6_c20240731_zKaP09nC8Zmb" title="Net operating loss carryforwards subject to expiration"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwardsSubjectToExpiration" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31" id="Fact002741" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-6" scale="6" unitRef="USD">83</ix:nonFraction></span> million expire in fiscal
2028 through fiscal 2038, and $<span id="xdx_90B_ecustom--DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwardsNoExpiration_pn6n6_c20230801__20240731_zXqtjcCCOEdc" title="Net operating loss carryforwards no expiration"><ix:nonFraction name="IDT:DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwardsNoExpiration" contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" id="Fact002743" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-6" scale="6" unitRef="USD">3</ix:nonFraction></span> million do not expire.</ix:nonNumeric></span> The Company has foreign net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $<span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwardsForeign_iI_pn6n6_c20240731_z8gOBTpkG0J" title="Foreign net operating loss carry forwards"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwardsForeign" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31" id="Fact002745" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-6" scale="6" unitRef="USD">74</ix:nonFraction></span>
million, of which approximately $<span id="xdx_906_ecustom--ForeignNetOperatingLossCarryForwardsNoExpiration_iI_pn6n6_c20240731_z5h7CA13RQz1" title="Foreign net operating loss carry forwards no expiration"><ix:nonFraction name="IDT:ForeignNetOperatingLossCarryForwardsNoExpiration" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31" id="Fact002747" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-6" scale="6" unitRef="USD">63</ix:nonFraction></span> million does not expire, approximately $<span id="xdx_906_ecustom--ForeignNetOperatingLossCarryForwardsExpirationTwoToTenYears_iI_pn6n6_c20240731_zPFy1zucrpk1"><ix:nonFraction name="IDT:ForeignNetOperatingLossCarryForwardsExpirationTwoToTenYears" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31" id="Fact002748" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-6" scale="6" unitRef="USD">10</ix:nonFraction></span> million expires in two to ten years, and approximately
$<span id="xdx_90E_ecustom--ForeignNetOperatingLossCarryForwardsExpirationTwentyYears_iI_pn6n6_c20240731_zCZGCZld4YU7"><ix:nonFraction name="IDT:ForeignNetOperatingLossCarryForwardsExpirationTwentyYears" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31" id="Fact002749" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-6" scale="6" unitRef="USD">1</ix:nonFraction></span> million expires in twenty years. These foreign loss carryforwards are available to offset future taxable income in the countries in
which the losses were incurred. <span id="xdx_90A_ecustom--NetOperatingLossCarryForwardsYearOfExpiration_c20230801__20240731__srt--ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis__srt--SubsidiariesMember_zkgEi3vIBaT9" title="Net operating loss carryforwards year of expiratio, description"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_srt_SubsidiariesMember" id="Fact002751" name="IDT:NetOperatingLossCarryForwardsYearOfExpiration">The Company&#8217;s subsidiary, net2phone, has additional U.S. federal net operating loss carryforwards
of approximately $<span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--OperatingLossCarryforwards_iI_pn6n6_c20240731__srt--ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis__srt--SubsidiariesMember_zyjXh5dcEh5b" title="Operating loss carryforwards"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OperatingLossCarryforwards" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31_srt_SubsidiariesMember" id="Fact002753" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-6" scale="6" unitRef="USD">11</ix:nonFraction></span> million, which will expire through fiscal 2027.</ix:nonNumeric></span> With the reacquisition of net2phone by the Company in March 2006,
its losses were limited under Internal Revenue Code (&#8220;IRC&#8221;) Section 382 to approximately $<span id="xdx_902_ecustom--SubsidiaryTaxNetOperatingLossCarryForwardsAnnualLimitAmountUnderInternalRevenueCode_pn6n6_c20230801__20240731__srt--ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis__srt--SubsidiariesMember_zOhFvAchPX66" title="Losses limited under internal revenue code"><ix:nonFraction name="IDT:SubsidiaryTaxNetOperatingLossCarryForwardsAnnualLimitAmountUnderInternalRevenueCode" contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_srt_SubsidiariesMember" id="Fact002755" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-6" scale="6" unitRef="USD">7</ix:nonFraction></span> million per year. In fiscal 2024,
the Company had an IRC Section 382 study conducted on the reacquisition and the limitation was adjusted to $<span id="xdx_908_ecustom--SubsidiaryTaxNetOperatingLossCarryForwardsAnnualLimitAmountUnderInternalRevenueCodeAdjustedAmount_pn6n6_c20230801__20240731__srt--ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis__srt--SubsidiariesMember_z4cnegdB6hUg" title="Reacquisition and limitation"><ix:nonFraction name="IDT:SubsidiaryTaxNetOperatingLossCarryForwardsAnnualLimitAmountUnderInternalRevenueCodeAdjustedAmount" contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_srt_SubsidiariesMember" id="Fact002757" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-6" scale="6" unitRef="USD">9</ix:nonFraction></span> million per year. The Company
recorded a tax benefit related to the adjusted amount of $<span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_pn5n6_c20230801__20240731__srt--ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis__srt--SubsidiariesMember_z4ffMbDwpWV9" title="Income tax expense benefit"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_srt_SubsidiariesMember" id="Fact002759" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">23.6</ix:nonFraction></span> million in fiscal 2024. The net operating loss carryforwards do not include
any excess benefits related to stock options or restricted stock.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" escape="true" id="Fact002761" name="us-gaap:SummaryOfValuationAllowanceTextBlock"><p id="xdx_89B_eus-gaap--SummaryOfValuationAllowanceTextBlock_z25n9Hf1aK16" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
change in the valuation allowance is as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_8B4_zdwUlEtM7O3" style="display: none">Summary
of Changes in Valuation Allowance</span>&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
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of $<span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--ValuationAllowancesAndReservesChargedToCostAndExpense_pn5n6_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--ValuationAllowancesAndReservesTypeAxis__custom--ValuationAllowanceUtilizedFutureExpenseMember_ztAkuX5UjWHd" title="Valuation allowances and reserves charged to cost and expense"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ValuationAllowancesAndReservesChargedToCostAndExpense" contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_custom_ValuationAllowanceUtilizedFutureExpenseMember" id="Fact002789" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">3.5</ix:nonFraction></span> million for deferred income tax assets that were not more likely than not going to be utilized prior to expiration, net of a
decrease of $<span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--ValuationAllowancesAndReservesPeriodIncreaseDecrease_pn5n6_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--ValuationAllowancesAndReservesTypeAxis__custom--ValuationAllowanceUtilizedFutureExpenseMember_zhNJFvcAeXRb" title="Decrease in deferred income tax assets"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ValuationAllowancesAndReservesPeriodIncreaseDecrease" contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_custom_ValuationAllowanceUtilizedFutureExpenseMember" id="Fact002791" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">0.2</ix:nonFraction></span> million due to the utilization or disposal of previously valued deferred income tax assets and a release of $<span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--ValuationAllowancesAndReservesDeductions_pn5n6_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--ValuationAllowancesAndReservesTypeAxis__custom--ValuationAllowanceUtilizedFutureExpenseMember_z2dTY3svQtTk" title="Deductions"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ValuationAllowancesAndReservesDeductions" contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_custom_ValuationAllowanceUtilizedFutureExpenseMember" id="Fact002793" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">0.3</ix:nonFraction></span> million
for profitability in the United Kingdom.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
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or disposal of previously valued deferred income tax assets and a release of $<span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--ValuationAllowancesAndReservesDeductions_pn5n6_c20220801__20230731__us-gaap--ValuationAllowancesAndReservesTypeAxis__custom--ValuationAllowanceUtilizedFutureExpenseMember_z1dvzyikx9Vl" title="Deductions"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ValuationAllowancesAndReservesDeductions" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31_custom_ValuationAllowanceUtilizedFutureExpenseMember" id="Fact002799" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">0.7</ix:nonFraction></span> million for profitability in the United Kingdom, net
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


<ix:exclude><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 34; Value: 1 -->
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">At
July 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company did not have any unrecognized income tax benefits. There were no changes in the balance of unrecognized
income tax benefits in fiscal 2024, fiscal 2023, and fiscal 2022. At July 31, 2024, the Company did not expect any changes in unrecognized
income tax benefits during the next twelve months. In fiscal 2024, fiscal 2023, and fiscal 2022, the Company did not record any interest
and penalties on income taxes. At July 31, 2024 and 2023, there was no accrued interest included in current income taxes payable.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company currently remains subject to examinations of its tax returns as follows: U.S. federal tax returns for fiscal 2021 to fiscal 2024,
state and local tax returns generally for fiscal 2020 to fiscal 2024, and foreign tax returns generally for fiscal 2020 to fiscal 2024.</span></p>
<!-- Field: Split-Segment; Name: 001 -->
<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" escape="true" id="Fact002803" name="us-gaap:StockholdersEquityNoteDisclosureTextBlock"><p id="xdx_80A_eus-gaap--StockholdersEquityNoteDisclosureTextBlock_zyFTGolhLoqg" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Note
20&#8212;<span id="xdx_825_zD18aVDGfHjc">Equity</span></span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Class
A Common Stock and Class B Common Stock</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
rights of holders of Class A common stock and Class B common stock are identical except for certain voting and conversion rights and
restrictions on transferability. The holders of Class A common stock and Class B common stock receive identical dividends per share when
and if declared by the Company&#8217;s Board of Directors. In addition, the holders of Class A common stock and Class B common stock
have identical and equal priority rights per share in liquidation. The Class A common stock and Class B common stock do not have any
other contractual participation rights. The holders of Class A common stock are entitled to three votes per share and the holders of
Class B common stock are entitled to one-tenth of a vote per share. Each share of Class A common stock may be converted into one share
of Class B common stock, at any time, at the option of the holder. Shares of Class A common stock are subject to certain limitations
on transferability that do not apply to shares of Class B common stock.</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Dividend
Payments</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
March 2024, the Company&#8217;s Board of Directors initiated a quarterly cash dividend of $<span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--CommonStockDividendsPerShareCashPaid_c20240301__20240331__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--CommonClassAandBMember_zAxpf3RjSCZ9" title="Cash dividend per share"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:CommonStockDividendsPerShareCashPaid" contextRef="From2024-03-012024-03-31_custom_CommonClassAandBMember" id="Fact002805" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="USDPShares">0.05</ix:nonFraction></span> per share on the Company&#8217;s Class
A and Class B common stock. In fiscal 2024, the Company paid aggregate cash dividends of $<span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--PaymentsOfDividends_pn5n6_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--CommonClassAandBMember_z1Q6ZtSEqTd" title="Cash dividend"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:PaymentsOfDividends" contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_custom_CommonClassAandBMember" id="Fact002807" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">2.5</ix:nonFraction></span> million on its Class A and Class B common
stock.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
September 2024, the Company&#8217;s Board of Directors declared a dividend of $<span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--CommonStockDividendsPerShareDeclared_c20240901__20240930__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--CommonClassAandBMember__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember_zt8JBgpK8y6j" title="Dividends declared  per share"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:CommonStockDividendsPerShareDeclared" contextRef="From2024-09-012024-09-30_custom_CommonClassAandBMember_us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember" id="Fact002809" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="USDPShares">0.05</ix:nonFraction></span> per share to holders of the Company&#8217;s Class
A and Class B common stock. The dividend was paid on <span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--DividendPayableDateToBePaidDayMonthAndYear_c20240901__20240930__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--CommonClassAandBMember__us-gaap--DividendsAxis__custom--O2024Q2DividendsMember__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember_zI4NidhLJW4l" title="Dividend paid date"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-09-012024-09-30_custom_CommonClassAandBMember_custom_O2024Q2DividendsMember_us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember" format="ixt:datemonthdayyearen" id="Fact002811" name="us-gaap:DividendPayableDateToBePaidDayMonthAndYear">October 7, 2024</ix:nonNumeric></span> to stockholders of record as of the close of business on <span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--DividendsPayableDateOfRecordDayMonthAndYear_c20240901__20240930__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--CommonClassAandBMember__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember__us-gaap--DividendsAxis__custom--O2024Q2DividendsMember_ztz6v5i2Q7E7" title="Dividend record date"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-09-012024-09-30_custom_CommonClassAandBMember_custom_O2024Q2DividendsMember_us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember" format="ixt:datemonthdayyearen" id="Fact002813" name="us-gaap:DividendsPayableDateOfRecordDayMonthAndYear">September
30, 2024</ix:nonNumeric></span>.</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Stock
Repurchases</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company has an existing stock repurchase program authorized by its Board of Directors for the repurchase of shares of the Company&#8217;s
Class B common stock. The Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to <span id="xdx_90B_esrt--StockRepurchaseProgramNumberOfSharesAuthorizedToBeRepurchased_iI_pn5n6_c20240731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--ClassBCommonStockMember_zS9Dgvt88NJa"><ix:nonFraction name="srt:StockRepurchaseProgramNumberOfSharesAuthorizedToBeRepurchased" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31_custom_ClassBCommonStockMember" id="Fact002814" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="Shares">8.0</ix:nonFraction></span> million shares in the aggregate. In fiscal 2024,
the Company repurchased <span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--TreasuryStockSharesAcquired_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--ClassBCommonStockMember_zeBGUhg1wrn2"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:TreasuryStockSharesAcquired" contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_custom_ClassBCommonStockMember" id="Fact002815" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares">298,421</ix:nonFraction></span> shares of Class B common stock for an aggregate purchase price of $<span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--TreasuryStockValueAcquiredCostMethod_pn5n6_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--ClassBCommonStockMember_z2ozAVChCOz7"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:TreasuryStockValueAcquiredCostMethod" contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_custom_ClassBCommonStockMember" id="Fact002816" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">9.1</ix:nonFraction></span> million. In fiscal 2023, the Company
repurchased <span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--TreasuryStockSharesAcquired_c20220801__20230731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--ClassBCommonStockMember_zrDWZWZhZOPc"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:TreasuryStockSharesAcquired" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31_custom_ClassBCommonStockMember" id="Fact002817" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares">511,546</ix:nonFraction></span> shares of Class B common stock for an aggregate purchase price of $<span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--TreasuryStockValueAcquiredCostMethod_pn5n6_c20220801__20230731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--ClassBCommonStockMember_zcldK2gZqjN6"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:TreasuryStockValueAcquiredCostMethod" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31_custom_ClassBCommonStockMember" id="Fact002818" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">13.1</ix:nonFraction></span> million. In fiscal 2022, the Company repurchased
<span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--TreasuryStockSharesAcquired_c20210801__20220731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--ClassBCommonStockMember_z2fpzP8P5224"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:TreasuryStockSharesAcquired" contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31_custom_ClassBCommonStockMember" id="Fact002819" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares">554,744</ix:nonFraction></span> shares of Class B common stock for an aggregate purchase price of $<span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--TreasuryStockValueAcquiredCostMethod_pn5n6_c20210801__20220731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--ClassBCommonStockMember_zPHG1b92hH7e"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:TreasuryStockValueAcquiredCostMethod" contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31_custom_ClassBCommonStockMember" id="Fact002820" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">13.4</ix:nonFraction></span> million. At July 31, 2024, <span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--StockRepurchaseProgramRemainingNumberOfSharesAuthorizedToBeRepurchased_iI_pn5n6_c20240731_zwMqiHsrfm4j"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:StockRepurchaseProgramRemainingNumberOfSharesAuthorizedToBeRepurchased" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31" id="Fact002821" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="Shares">4.4</ix:nonFraction></span> million shares remained
available for repurchase under the stock repurchase program.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
the first quarter of fiscal 2025 through October 7, 2024, the Company repurchased <span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--TreasuryStockSharesAcquired_c20240801__20241007__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--ClassBCommonStockMember_zXl70QDSS7Qd" title="Number of shares repurchased"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:TreasuryStockSharesAcquired" contextRef="From2024-08-012024-10-07_custom_ClassBCommonStockMember" id="Fact002823" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares">37,714</ix:nonFraction></span> shares of its Class B common stock for an
aggregate purchase price of $<span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--TreasuryStockValueAcquiredCostMethod_pn5n6_c20240801__20241007__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--ClassBCommonStockMember_zXLLNPJ1efei" title="Aggregate purchase price"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:TreasuryStockValueAcquiredCostMethod" contextRef="From2024-08-012024-10-07_custom_ClassBCommonStockMember" id="Fact002825" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">1.3</ix:nonFraction></span> million.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
fiscal 2024, fiscal 2023, and fiscal 2022, the Company paid $<span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--TreasuryStockValueAcquiredCostMethod_pn5n6_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--ClassBCommonStockMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--EmployeesMember_zzzdS111kaf6" title="Aggregate purchase price of shares repurchased"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:TreasuryStockValueAcquiredCostMethod" contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_custom_ClassBCommonStockMember_custom_EmployeesMember" id="Fact002827" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">1.5</ix:nonFraction></span> million, $<span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--TreasuryStockValueAcquiredCostMethod_pn5n6_c20220801__20230731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--ClassBCommonStockMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--EmployeesMember_zLbCMKL3w5ad" title="Aggregate purchase price of shares repurchased"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:TreasuryStockValueAcquiredCostMethod" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31_custom_ClassBCommonStockMember_custom_EmployeesMember" id="Fact002829" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">0.8</ix:nonFraction></span> million, and $<span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--TreasuryStockValueAcquiredCostMethod_pn5n6_c20210801__20220731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--ClassBCommonStockMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--EmployeesMember_zQkRBdRG3Js5" title="Aggregate purchase price of shares repurchased"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:TreasuryStockValueAcquiredCostMethod" contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31_custom_ClassBCommonStockMember_custom_EmployeesMember" id="Fact002831" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">9.0</ix:nonFraction></span> million, respectively, to repurchase
<span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--TreasuryStockSharesAcquired_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--ClassBCommonStockMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--EmployeesMember_zHUdUUlwIude" title="Class B common stock shares repurchased"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:TreasuryStockSharesAcquired" contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_custom_ClassBCommonStockMember_custom_EmployeesMember" id="Fact002833" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares">41,994</ix:nonFraction></span>; <span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--TreasuryStockSharesAcquired_c20220801__20230731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--ClassBCommonStockMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--EmployeesMember_zj0ElPxb2vc4" title="Class B common stock shares repurchased"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:TreasuryStockSharesAcquired" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31_custom_ClassBCommonStockMember_custom_EmployeesMember" id="Fact002835" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares">28,227</ix:nonFraction></span>; and <span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--TreasuryStockSharesAcquired_c20210801__20220731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--ClassBCommonStockMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--EmployeesMember_znQhakPHFc4h" title="Class B common stock shares repurchased"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:TreasuryStockSharesAcquired" contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31_custom_ClassBCommonStockMember_custom_EmployeesMember" id="Fact002837" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares">200,438</ix:nonFraction></span>; respectively, of the Company&#8217;s Class B common stock that were tendered by employees of the Company
to satisfy the employees&#8217; tax withholding obligations in connection with the vesting of deferred stock units (&#8220;DSUs&#8221;),
the lapsing of restrictions on restricted stock, and shares issued for bonus payments. Such shares were repurchased by the Company based
on their fair market value as of the close of business on the trading day immediately prior to the vesting date.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>


<ix:exclude><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 35; Value: 1 -->
    <div style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; margin-bottom: 6pt"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><td style="text-align: center; width: 100%">F-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->35<!-- Field: /Sequence --></td></tr></table></div>
    <div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><td style="text-align: center; width: 100%">&#160;</td></tr></table></div>
    <!-- Field: /Page --></ix:exclude>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Exchange
of NRS Equity for Shares of the Company&#8217;s Class B Common Stock and Cash</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
June 2024, the Company initiated a tender offer to purchase <span id="xdx_90C_ecustom--TenderOfferNRSOutstandingDSUsPercentage_pid_dp_c20240601__20240630__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--ClassBCommonStockMember__us-gaap--SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis__custom--NRSAndDSUMember_zTaH5Jwokwz4" title="Tender offer NRS outstanding DSUs percentage"><ix:nonFraction name="IDT:TenderOfferNRSOutstandingDSUsPercentage" contextRef="From2024-06-012024-06-30_custom_ClassBCommonStockMember_custom_NRSAndDSUMember" id="Fact002839" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" scale="-2" unitRef="Pure">10</ix:nonFraction></span>%
of each qualified holder&#8217;s outstanding DSUs of NRS in exchange for cash or shares of the Company&#8217;s Class B common stock.
In July 2024, certain qualified holders tendered and sold an aggregate of <span id="xdx_90C_ecustom--SaleOfDSUNumberOfDSUSold_pid_c20240701__20240731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--ClassBCommonStockMember__us-gaap--SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis__custom--NRSAndDSUMember_zWi0ZtZ34FMk" title="Sale of DSU number of DSU sold"><ix:nonFraction name="IDT:SaleOfDSUNumberOfDSUSold" contextRef="From2024-07-012024-07-31_custom_ClassBCommonStockMember_custom_NRSAndDSUMember" id="Fact002841" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares">199,687</ix:nonFraction></span>
NRS DSUs to the Company, and, as a condition of the tender offer, each DSU seller granted to the Company an option, exercisable in
the Company&#8217;s sole discretion for a period of one year, to purchase an additional aggregate <span id="xdx_90F_ecustom--SaleOfDSUNumberOfDSUSubjectToOptionToPurchase_c20240701__20240731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--ClassBCommonStockMember__us-gaap--SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis__custom--NRSAndDSUMember_zhuE6sMxFoTd" title="Sale of DSU number of DSU subject to option to purchase"><ix:nonFraction name="IDT:SaleOfDSUNumberOfDSUSubjectToOptionToPurchase" contextRef="From2024-07-012024-07-31_custom_ClassBCommonStockMember_custom_NRSAndDSUMember" id="Fact002843" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares">199,687</ix:nonFraction></span>
DSUs at the same purchase price. In addition, in July 2024, certain holders of NRS DSUs and shares of NRS&#8217; Class B common
stock sold an aggregate of <span id="xdx_905_ecustom--SaleOfDSUAndCommonStockNumberOfDSUSold_pid_c20240701__20240731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--ClassBCommonStockMember__us-gaap--SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis__custom--NRSAndDSUMember_z3TcTfGRLoj" title="Sale of DSU and common stock number of DSU sold"><ix:nonFraction name="IDT:SaleOfDSUAndCommonStockNumberOfDSUSold" contextRef="From2024-07-012024-07-31_custom_ClassBCommonStockMember_custom_NRSAndDSUMember" id="Fact002845" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares">10,000</ix:nonFraction></span>
NRS DSUs and <span id="xdx_905_ecustom--SaleOfDSUAndCommonStockNumberOfSharesOfCommonStockSold_pid_c20240701__20240731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--ClassBCommonStockMember__us-gaap--SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis__custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember_zWlWvOuYOaQb" title="Sale of DSU and common stock number of shares of common stock sold"><ix:nonFraction name="IDT:SaleOfDSUAndCommonStockNumberOfSharesOfCommonStockSold" contextRef="From2024-07-012024-07-31_custom_ClassBCommonStockMember_custom_NationalRetailSolutionsMember" id="Fact002847" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares">142,500</ix:nonFraction></span>
shares of NRS&#8217; Class B common stock to the Company, and, each of these sellers granted to the Company an option, exercisable
in the Company&#8217;s sole discretion for a period of one year, to purchase an additional aggregate <span id="xdx_90A_ecustom--SaleOfDSUAndCommonStockNumberOfDSUSubjectToOptionToPurchase_pid_c20240701__20240731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--ClassBCommonStockMember__us-gaap--SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis__custom--NRSAndDSUMember_zz9toTg17ar1" title="Sale of DSU and common stock number of DSU subject to option to purchase"><ix:nonFraction name="IDT:SaleOfDSUAndCommonStockNumberOfDSUSubjectToOptionToPurchase" contextRef="From2024-07-012024-07-31_custom_ClassBCommonStockMember_custom_NRSAndDSUMember" id="Fact002849" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares">10,000</ix:nonFraction></span>
NRS DSUs and <span id="xdx_90E_ecustom--SaleOfDSUAndCommonStockNumberOfSharesOfCommonStockSubjectToOptionToPurchase_pid_c20240701__20240731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--ClassBCommonStockMember__us-gaap--SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis__custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember_zTzd8a1RgoUj" title="Sale of DSU and common stock number of DSU subject to option to purchase"><ix:nonFraction name="IDT:SaleOfDSUAndCommonStockNumberOfSharesOfCommonStockSubjectToOptionToPurchase" contextRef="From2024-07-012024-07-31_custom_ClassBCommonStockMember_custom_NationalRetailSolutionsMember" id="Fact002851" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares">142,500</ix:nonFraction></span>
shares of NRS&#8217; Class B common stock with the purchase price to be paid in shares of the Company&#8217;s Class B common stock
with a value based on an average closing price of the Company&#8217;s Class B common stock at the time of the exercise notice. The
NRS DSUs and shares in the exchange represented an aggregate of <span id="xdx_906_ecustom--PurchaseOfDSUAndStockPercentageOfSubsidiaryEquityPurchasedInTransaction_pid_dp_c20240701__20240731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--ClassBCommonStockMember__us-gaap--SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis__custom--NRSMember_zOug2Zsj5SS2" title="Purchase of DSU and stock percentage of subsidiary equity purchase in transaction"><ix:nonFraction name="IDT:PurchaseOfDSUAndStockPercentageOfSubsidiaryEquityPurchasedInTransaction" contextRef="From2024-07-012024-07-31_custom_ClassBCommonStockMember_custom_NRSMember" id="Fact002853" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" scale="-2" unitRef="Pure">0.2</ix:nonFraction></span>%
of NRS&#8217; outstanding capital stock on a fully diluted basis. The NRS DSUs and shares were exchanged for an aggregate of <span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--CommonStockSharesIssued_iI_pid_c20240731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--ClassBCommonStockMember__us-gaap--SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis__custom--NRSAndDSUMember_zlFPKolAzdhg" title="Common stock issued"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:CommonStockSharesIssued" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31_custom_ClassBCommonStockMember_custom_NRSAndDSUMember" id="Fact002855" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares">13,042</ix:nonFraction></span>
and <span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--CommonStockSharesIssued_iI_pid_c20240831__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--ClassBCommonStockMember__us-gaap--SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis__custom--NRSAndDSUMember__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember_zt1JaKt3LEZi" title="Common stock issued"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:CommonStockSharesIssued" contextRef="AsOf2024-08-31_custom_ClassBCommonStockMember_custom_NRSAndDSUMember_us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember" id="Fact002857" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares">12,094</ix:nonFraction></span>
shares of the Company&#8217;s Class B common stock that were issued in July 2024 and August 2024, respectively, and cash of $<span id="xdx_905_ecustom--CashPaidForPurchaseOfSubsidiaryDSUAndSharesOfCommonStock_iI_pn5n6_c20240731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--ClassBCommonStockMember__us-gaap--SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis__custom--NRSAndDSUMember_zNtas94foVx5" title="Cash paid for purchase of subsidiary DSU and shares of common stock"><ix:nonFraction name="IDT:CashPaidForPurchaseOfSubsidiaryDSUAndSharesOfCommonStock" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31_custom_ClassBCommonStockMember_custom_NRSAndDSUMember" id="Fact002859" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">0.1</ix:nonFraction></span>
million, with an aggregate value of $<span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues_pn5n6_c20240701__20240731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--ClassBCommonStockMember__us-gaap--SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis__custom--NRSAndDSUMember_zpbAOEb8ZmQ1" title="Issuance of shares"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues" contextRef="From2024-07-012024-07-31_custom_ClassBCommonStockMember_custom_NRSAndDSUMember" id="Fact002861" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">1.0</ix:nonFraction></span>
million based on agreed-upon valuations of the NRS DSUs and NRS Class B common stock and the market value of the Company&#8217;s Class B common stock at the time of issuance. The Company accounted for the exchange of
NRS&#8217; Class B common stock for shares of the Company&#8217;s Class B common stock as an equity transaction and recorded a
decrease in &#8220;Noncontrolling interests&#8221; and an increase in &#8220;Additional paid-in capital&#8221; of $<span id="xdx_90B_ecustom--StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueExchangeOfSharesForCommonStock_pn3d_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--ClassBCommonStockMember__us-gaap--SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis__custom--NRSAndDSUMember_zuLpsIBKtHGl" title="Additional paid in capital"><ix:nonFraction name="IDT:StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueExchangeOfSharesForCommonStock" contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_custom_ClassBCommonStockMember_custom_NRSAndDSUMember" id="Fact002863" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" unitRef="USD">13,000</ix:nonFraction></span>,
based on the carrying amount of the <span id="xdx_90A_ecustom--NoncontrollingInterestPercentage_pid_dp_c20240701__20240731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--ClassBCommonStockMember_zHuVMDGneByj" title="Noncontrolling interest poercentage"><ix:nonFraction name="IDT:NoncontrollingInterestPercentage" contextRef="From2024-07-012024-07-31_custom_ClassBCommonStockMember" id="Fact002865" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" scale="-2" unitRef="Pure">0.09</ix:nonFraction></span>%
noncontrolling interest in NRS. The Company accounted for the exchange of NRS&#8217; DSUs for shares of the Company&#8217;s Class B
common stock and cash as compensation expense and recorded stock-based compensation expense of $<span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensation_pn5n6_c20240701__20240731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--ClassBCommonStockMember_zisNYx0ERxH1" title="Share based compensation"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensation" contextRef="From2024-07-012024-07-31_custom_ClassBCommonStockMember" id="Fact002867" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">0.5</ix:nonFraction></span>
million based on the closing price of the shares of the Company&#8217;s Class B common stock on the date prior to the date that the
shares were issued plus the cash paid.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
January 2024, three management employees of NRS exchanged shares of NRS&#8217; Class B common stock that they held for shares of the
Company&#8217;s Class B common stock with an equal value. The NRS shares in the exchange represented an aggregate of <span id="xdx_900_ecustom--ExchangeOfOutstandingSharesPercentage_dp_uPure_c20240101__20240131__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_zyEZKbisqVwe" title="Exchange of outstanding shares percentage"><ix:nonFraction name="IDT:ExchangeOfOutstandingSharesPercentage" contextRef="From2024-01-012024-01-31_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember" id="Fact002869" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" scale="-2" unitRef="Pure">1.25</ix:nonFraction></span>%
of NRS&#8217; outstanding shares (<span id="xdx_90F_ecustom--ExchangeOfOutstandingSharesPercentageOnDilutedBasis_dp_uPure_c20240101__20240131__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_zTVgiluy25mf" title="Exchange of outstanding shares percentage on diluted basis"><ix:nonFraction name="IDT:ExchangeOfOutstandingSharesPercentageOnDilutedBasis" contextRef="From2024-01-012024-01-31_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember" id="Fact002871" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" scale="-2" unitRef="Pure">1.21</ix:nonFraction></span>% on a fully diluted basis), which were exchanged for an aggregate of <span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues_c20240101__20240131__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_zAzfbuj0pcx" title="Number of shares during period"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues" contextRef="From2024-01-012024-01-31_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember" id="Fact002873" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares">192,433</ix:nonFraction></span>
shares of the Company&#8217;s Class B common stock. The Company accounted for the exchange as an equity transaction and recorded a
decrease in &#8220;Noncontrolling interests&#8221; and an increase in &#8220;Additional paid-in capital&#8221; of $<span id="xdx_90B_ecustom--StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueExchangeOfSharesForCommonStock_pn5n6_c20240101__20240131__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_z6M2yLwN4z4l" title="Exchange of NRS shares for Class B common stock"><ix:nonFraction name="IDT:StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueExchangeOfSharesForCommonStock" contextRef="From2024-01-012024-01-31_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember" id="Fact002875" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">0.1</ix:nonFraction></span>
million, based on the carrying amount of the <span id="xdx_90F_ecustom--ExchangeOfOutstandingSharesPercentage_dp_uPure_c20240101__20240131_zN84HYR9zYu5" title="Exchange of outstanding shares percentage"><ix:nonFraction name="IDT:ExchangeOfOutstandingSharesPercentage" contextRef="From2024-01-012024-01-31" id="Fact002877" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" scale="-2" unitRef="Pure">1.25</ix:nonFraction></span>%
noncontrolling interest in NRS.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Stock
Issued to Certain Executive Officers for Bonus Payments</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
fiscal 2023, certain executive officers of the Company received performance bonuses for fiscal 2022 of an aggregate of $<span id="xdx_90E_ecustom--PerformanceBonusPaidInCashStock_pn5n6_c20220801__20230731__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__srt--ExecutiveOfficerMember_z6F3cOgedimh" title="Performance bonus paid in cash stock"><ix:nonFraction name="IDT:PerformanceBonusPaidInCashStock" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31_srt_ExecutiveOfficerMember" id="Fact002879" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">1.2</ix:nonFraction></span> million,
of which one-half was paid in cash and one-half was paid in shares of the Company&#8217;s Class B common stock. The Company issued <span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues_c20220801__20230731__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__srt--ExecutiveOfficerMember__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_zIaaxBSXLbnk" title="Issuance of shares"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31_srt_ExecutiveOfficerMember_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember" id="Fact002881" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares">24,543</ix:nonFraction></span>
shares of its Class B common stock with an issue date value of $<span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues_pn5n6_c20220801__20230731__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__srt--ExecutiveOfficerMember__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_zazsLrgDFn19" title="Issuance of shares, value"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31_srt_ExecutiveOfficerMember_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember" id="Fact002883" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">0.6</ix:nonFraction></span> million for the bonus payments.</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" escape="true" id="Fact002885" name="us-gaap:DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsShareBasedPaymentsTextBlock"><p id="xdx_80A_eus-gaap--DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsShareBasedPaymentsTextBlock_zd11D1nslf6l" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Note
21&#8212;<span id="xdx_82E_zCnmk3urKGkj">Stock-Based Compensation</span></span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2024
Equity Incentive Plan</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On
December 13, 2023, the Company&#8217;s stockholders approved the adoption of the Company&#8217;s 2024 Equity Incentive Plan (the &#8220;2024
Plan&#8221;), which is intended to provide incentives to officers, employees, directors, and consultants of the Company, including stock
options, stock appreciation rights, DSUs, and restricted stock, from and after September 16, 2024. At July 31, 2024, the Company had
<span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAuthorized_iI_pid_c20231213__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--TwoThousandTwentyFourEquityIncentivePlanMember_z2eBVBrPx5Ua" title="Number of shares, grant"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAuthorized" contextRef="AsOf2023-12-13_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_TwoThousandTwentyFourEquityIncentivePlanMember" id="Fact002887" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares">250,000</ix:nonFraction></span> shares of Class B common stock reserved for the grant of awards under the 2024 Plan, all of which were available for future grants.</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2015
Stock Option and Incentive Plan</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
2015 Stock Option and Incentive Plan (the &#8220;2015 Plan&#8221;) was intended to provide incentives to officers, employees, directors,
and consultants of the Company, including stock options, stock appreciation rights, limited rights, DSUs, and restricted stock. The 2015
Plan expired on September 16, 2024. In fiscal 2024, fiscal 2023, and fiscal 2022, the Company&#8217;s stockholders approved amendments
to the 2015 Plan to increase the number of shares of the Company&#8217;s Class B common stock available for the grant of awards thereunder
by an additional <span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfAdditionalSharesAuthorized_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--TwoThousandFifteenStockOptionAndIncentivePlanMember_zwKkIK2g5g1e" title="Additional number of shares authorized"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfAdditionalSharesAuthorized" contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_TwoThousandFifteenStockOptionAndIncentivePlanMember" id="Fact002889" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares">250,000</ix:nonFraction></span>; <span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfAdditionalSharesAuthorized_c20220801__20230731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--TwoThousandFifteenStockOptionAndIncentivePlanMember_zYvnLwXA8uH6" title="Additional number of shares authorized"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfAdditionalSharesAuthorized" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_TwoThousandFifteenStockOptionAndIncentivePlanMember" id="Fact002891" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares">50,000</ix:nonFraction></span>; and <span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfAdditionalSharesAuthorized_c20210801__20220731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--TwoThousandFifteenStockOptionAndIncentivePlanMember_zWq4GJk0JwHi" title="Additional number of shares authorized"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfAdditionalSharesAuthorized" contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_TwoThousandFifteenStockOptionAndIncentivePlanMember" id="Fact002893" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares">175,000</ix:nonFraction></span> shares, respectively.</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Stock
Options</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Option
awards have generally been granted with an exercise price equal to the market price of the Company&#8217;s stock on the date of
grant. <span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardVestingRights_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--FinancialInstrumentAxis__us-gaap--StockOptionMember_zr0mKxQprl15" title="Vesting description"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_us-gaap_StockOptionMember" id="Fact002895" name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardVestingRights">Option
awards generally vest on a graded basis over three years of service and had ten-year contractual terms.</ix:nonNumeric></span> <span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross_do_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--FinancialInstrumentAxis__us-gaap--StockOptionMember_zm4JgDESd6nh" title="Options granted"><span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross_do_c20220801__20230731__us-gaap--FinancialInstrumentAxis__us-gaap--StockOptionMember_z4qgQi0V0ny4" title="Options granted"><span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross_do_c20210801__20220731__us-gaap--FinancialInstrumentAxis__us-gaap--StockOptionMember_zeqRVks4G0k3" title="Options granted"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross" contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_us-gaap_StockOptionMember" id="Fact002897" format="ixt-sec:numwordsen" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31_us-gaap_StockOptionMember" id="Fact002899" format="ixt-sec:numwordsen" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross" contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31_us-gaap_StockOptionMember" id="Fact002901" format="ixt-sec:numwordsen" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares">No</ix:nonFraction></ix:nonFraction></ix:nonFraction></span></span></span>
option awards were granted in fiscal 2024, fiscal 2023, or fiscal 2022. When issued, the fair value of stock options is estimated on the date of
the grant using a Black-Scholes valuation model. Expected volatility is based on historical volatility of the Company&#8217;s Class
B common stock and other factors. The Company uses historical data on exercise of stock options, post vesting forfeitures and other
factors to estimate the expected term of the stock-based payments granted. The risk-free rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield
curve in effect at the time of grant.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


<ix:exclude><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 36; Value: 1 -->
    <div style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; margin-bottom: 6pt"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><td style="text-align: center; width: 100%">F-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->36<!-- Field: /Sequence --></td></tr></table></div>
    <div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><td style="text-align: center; width: 100%">&#160;</td></tr></table></div>
    <!-- Field: /Page --></ix:exclude>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" escape="true" id="Fact002903" name="us-gaap:ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationStockOptionsActivityTableTextBlock"><p id="xdx_89D_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationStockOptionsActivityTableTextBlock_zRbQQelwnRPe" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">A
summary of stock option activity for the Company is as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_8BC_zSTp7HpiGvH1" style="display: none">Schedule
of Stock Option Activity</span>&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Number of</p>
                                              <p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Options (in</p>
                                              <p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">thousands)</p></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Weighted-</p>
                                              <p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Average</p>
                                              <p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Exercise Price</p></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Weighted-</p>
                                              <p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Average</p>
                                              <p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Remaining</p>
                                              <p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Contractual</p>
                                              <p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Term (in years)</p></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Aggregate</p>
                                              <p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Intrinsic Value</p>
                                              <p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">(in thousands)</p></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 40%">Outstanding at July 31, 2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 3%">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 10%; text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 3%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 10%; text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td>Granted</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td>Exercised</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">Cancelled / Forfeited</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresAndExpirationsInPeriod_iN_pn3n3_di_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_zULOyUM96wgj" title="Number of Options, Cancelled / Forfeited" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2917">&#8212;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresAndExpirationsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice_iN_pid_di_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_zF2jHNOPfBc7" title="Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Cancelled / Forfeited" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2919">&#8212;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">OUTSTANDING AT JULY 31, 2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98A_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber_iE_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_zvpdbUe2DqBc" title="Number of Options, outstanding, Ending balance" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2921">&#8212;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice_iE_pid_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_zAm9e8x5pVhd" title="Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Outstanding, Ending balance" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2923">&#8212;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2_dxL_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_zy3v6ZRry6Aa" title="Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term, Outstanding::XDX::P0Y"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2925">&#8212;</span></span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingIntrinsicValue_iE_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_zTPnEgg6dAyf" title="Aggregate Intrinsic Value, Outstanding" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2927">&#8212;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">EXERCISABLE AT JULY 31, 2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableNumber_iE_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_zgX0joQuObmb" title="Number of Options, Exercisable" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2929">&#8212;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageExercisePrice_iE_pid_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_zQNKqoSZzPBb" title="Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Exercisable" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2931">&#8212;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm1_dxL_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_zOd06pyYk8G9" title="Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term, Exercisable::XDX::P0Y"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2933">&#8212;</span></span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableIntrinsicValue1_iE_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_zxEkL4NMZ3H5" title="Aggregate Intrinsic Value, Exercisable" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2935">&#8212;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  </table>

</ix:nonNumeric><p id="xdx_8A9_zzGKF3FTkw0k" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
fiscal 2024, fiscal 2023, and fiscal 2022, the Company received cash from the exercise of stock options of $<span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised_pn5n6_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--FinancialInstrumentAxis__us-gaap--StockOptionMember_zeuRjgQmnDF1" title="Proceeds from stock options exercised"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised" contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_us-gaap_StockOptionMember" id="Fact002937" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">0.2</ix:nonFraction></span> million, $<span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised_pn5n6_c20220801__20230731__us-gaap--FinancialInstrumentAxis__us-gaap--StockOptionMember_zVal4rFPhucg" title="Proceeds from stock options exercised"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31_us-gaap_StockOptionMember" id="Fact002939" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">0.2</ix:nonFraction></span> million,
and $<span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised_pn5n6_c20210801__20220731__us-gaap--FinancialInstrumentAxis__us-gaap--StockOptionMember_z64WmbghXcUh" title="Proceeds from stock options exercised"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised" contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31_us-gaap_StockOptionMember" id="Fact002941" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">0.1</ix:nonFraction></span> million, respectively, for which the Company issued <span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised_pid_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--FinancialInstrumentAxis__us-gaap--StockOptionMember_zc1uEdLZtjv1" title="Share-based compensation arrangement by share-based payment award, options, exercises in period"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised" contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_us-gaap_StockOptionMember" id="Fact002943" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares">12,500</ix:nonFraction></span>; <span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised_pid_c20220801__20230731__us-gaap--FinancialInstrumentAxis__us-gaap--StockOptionMember_zD2B6rCQ7izg" title="Share-based compensation arrangement by share-based payment award, options, exercises in period"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31_us-gaap_StockOptionMember" id="Fact002945" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares">12,500</ix:nonFraction></span>; and <span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised_pid_c20210801__20220731__us-gaap--FinancialInstrumentAxis__us-gaap--StockOptionMember_zCUP3Cr6pEM3" title="Share-based compensation arrangement by share-based payment award, options, exercises in period"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised" contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31_us-gaap_StockOptionMember" id="Fact002947" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares">10,000</ix:nonFraction></span> shares, respectively, of its Class B common stock.
In addition, in April 2022, Howard S. Jonas exercised stock options for <span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised_pn5n6_c20210801__20220731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--HowardSJonasMember_zIKx5SvvJIFa" title="Number of exercised of stock options shares"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised" contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_HowardSJonasMember" id="Fact002949" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="Shares">1.0</ix:nonFraction></span> million shares of the Company&#8217;s Class B common stock
that were granted on May 2, 2017. The exercise price of these options was $<span id="xdx_90F_ecustom--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionExercisePrice_pid_c20210801__20220731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--HowardSJonasMember_ztuVLUklqLal" title="Exercise price of stock options"><ix:nonFraction name="IDT:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionExercisePrice" contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_HowardSJonasMember" id="Fact002951" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="USDPShares">14.93</ix:nonFraction></span> per share and the expiration date was <span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardExpirationDate_pid_dd_c20210801__20220731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--HowardSJonasMember_zUChDBihaE9j" title="Stock option expiration date"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_HowardSJonasMember" format="ixt:datemonthdayyearen" id="Fact002953" name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardExpirationDate">May 1, 2022</ix:nonNumeric></span>. Mr.
Jonas used <span id="xdx_904_ecustom--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesUsedForStockOptionsExercised_pid_c20210801__20220731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--HowardSJonasMember_zi11PkTuEBz1" title="Number of exercised of stock options shares"><ix:nonFraction name="IDT:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesUsedForStockOptionsExercised" contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_HowardSJonasMember" id="Fact002955" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares">528,635</ix:nonFraction></span> shares of the Company&#8217;s Class B common stock with a value of $<span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueStockOptionsExercised_pn5n6_c20210801__20220731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--HowardSJonasMember_z7oxyYG65tFf" title="Number of exercised of stock options, value"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueStockOptionsExercised" contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_HowardSJonasMember" id="Fact002957" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">14.9</ix:nonFraction></span> million to pay the aggregate exercise price
of the options. Mr. Jonas tendered <span id="xdx_90B_ecustom--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesUsedForTaxWithholding_pid_c20210801__20220731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--HowardSJonasMember_zITsHLFT03y7" title="Number of shares issued"><ix:nonFraction name="IDT:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesUsedForTaxWithholding" contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_HowardSJonasMember" id="Fact002959" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares">137,364</ix:nonFraction></span> shares of the Company&#8217;s Class B common stock with a value of $<span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--TreasuryStockValueAcquiredCostMethod_pn5n6_c20210801__20220731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--HowardSJonasMember_zMTVaBwjrl55" title="Number of shares issued, value"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:TreasuryStockValueAcquiredCostMethod" contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_HowardSJonasMember" id="Fact002961" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">3.9</ix:nonFraction></span> million to satisfy
a portion of his tax obligations in connection with his stock option exercises.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
total intrinsic value of options exercised during fiscal 2024, fiscal 2023, and fiscal 2022 was $<span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodTotalIntrinsicValue_pn5n6_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--FinancialInstrumentAxis__us-gaap--StockOptionMember_zrvchjXPHAX1" title="Share-based compensation arrangement by share-based payment award, options, exercises in period, intrinsic value"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodTotalIntrinsicValue" contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_us-gaap_StockOptionMember" id="Fact002963" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">0.1</ix:nonFraction></span> million, $<span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodTotalIntrinsicValue_pn5n6_c20220801__20230731__us-gaap--FinancialInstrumentAxis__us-gaap--StockOptionMember_zjR8HlFrKUrj" title="Share-based compensation arrangement by share-based payment award, options, exercises in period, intrinsic value"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodTotalIntrinsicValue" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31_us-gaap_StockOptionMember" id="Fact002965" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">0.2</ix:nonFraction></span> million, and $<span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodTotalIntrinsicValue_pn5n6_c20210801__20220731__us-gaap--FinancialInstrumentAxis__us-gaap--StockOptionMember_zNV11gE7eXve" title="Share-based compensation arrangement by share-based payment award, options, exercises in period, intrinsic value"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodTotalIntrinsicValue" contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31_us-gaap_StockOptionMember" id="Fact002967" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">19.7</ix:nonFraction></span>
million, respectively. At July 31, 2024, there was no unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested stock options.</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Restricted
Stock</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
fair value of restricted shares of the Company&#8217;s Class B common stock is determined based on the closing price of the Company&#8217;s
Class B common stock on the grant date. <span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardVestingRights_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--RestrictedStockMember_zyA8GIZhNN89" title="Vesting description"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_us-gaap_RestrictedStockMember" id="Fact002969" name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardVestingRights">Share awards generally vest on a graded basis over three years of service.</ix:nonNumeric></span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember" escape="true" id="Fact002971" name="us-gaap:ScheduleOfSharebasedCompensationRestrictedStockAndRestrictedStockUnitsActivityTableTextBlock"><p id="xdx_89F_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfSharebasedCompensationRestrictedStockAndRestrictedStockUnitsActivityTableTextBlock_hus-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_zpcdTiKO0z07" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">A
summary of the status of the Company&#8217;s grants of restricted shares of Class B common stock is presented below:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_8B8_zXNElvDXrHq3" style="display: none">Schedule
of Grants of Restricted Shares</span>&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: right; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Number of</p>
                    <p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Non-vested</p>
                    <p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Shares</p>
                    <p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">(in thousands)</p></td><td style="text-align: right; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Weighted-</p>
                    <p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Average</p>
                    <p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Grant-</p>
                    <p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Date Fair</p>
                    <p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Value</p></td><td style="text-align: right; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 60%; text-align: left">Non-vested restricted shares at July 31, 2023</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber_iS_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_zKrSIz5SgEFl" title="Number of Non-vested Shares, Beginning Balance" style="width: 16%; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber" contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember" id="Fact002973" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="Shares">25</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_iS_pid_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_zoCRfADpkB9b" title="Weighted- Average Grant- Date Fair Value, Beginning balance" style="width: 16%; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember" id="Fact002975" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="USDPShares">19.09</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Granted</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_ziSZDbjwL9Sh" title="Number of Non-vested Shares, Granted" style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod" contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember" id="Fact002977" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="Shares">25</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_pid_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_zQBc4BdV33ng" title="Weighted- Average Grant- Date Fair Value, Granted" style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember" id="Fact002979" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="USDPShares">34.92</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">Vested</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriod_iN_pn3n3_di_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_zba58dI4fnjl" title="Number of Non-vested Shares, Vested" style="text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriod" contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember" id="Fact002981" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="Shares">18</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_iN_pid_di_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_z3CeNpOfO5Vk" title="Weighted- Average Grant- Date Fair Value, Vested" style="text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember" id="Fact002983" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="USDPShares">37.33</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">Forfeited</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsForfeitedInPeriod_iN_pn3n3_di_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_zMKDxwyltxmi" title="Number of Non-vested Shares, Forfeited" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsForfeitedInPeriod" contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember" id="Fact002985" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="Shares">1</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsForfeituresWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_iN_pid_di_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_z5mTXOk7BYb1" title="Weighted- Average Grant- Date Fair Value, Forfeited" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsForfeituresWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember" id="Fact002987" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="USDPShares">31.80</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">NON-VESTED RESTRICTED SHARES AT JULY 31, 2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber_iE_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_zK0WSIbnrOF5" title="Number of Non-vested Shares, Ending Balance" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember" id="Fact002989" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="Shares">31</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_iE_pid_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_zdGkiW7uJpng" title="Weighted- Average Grant- Date Fair Value, Ending balance" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember" id="Fact002991" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="USDPShares">21.50</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  </table>


</ix:nonNumeric><p id="xdx_8A0_zFJajcDESKBl" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardVestingRights_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--RestrictedStockMember__us-gaap--AwardDateAxis__custom--FebruaryTwentyFiveTwoThousandTwentyFiveMember_zbsyyhpC1Uxk" title="Vesting description"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_us-gaap_RestrictedStockMember_custom_FebruaryTwentyFiveTwoThousandTwentyFiveMember" id="Fact002993" name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardVestingRights">There
are <span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber_iI_c20240731__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--RestrictedStockMember__us-gaap--AwardDateAxis__custom--FebruaryTwentyFiveTwoThousandTwentyFiveMember_zlahgRHOuLOc" title="Number of non-vested shares, vesting"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31_us-gaap_RestrictedStockMember_custom_FebruaryTwentyFiveTwoThousandTwentyFiveMember" id="Fact002995" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares">24,000</ix:nonFraction></span> non-vested restricted shares at July 31, 2024 included in the table above that will vest on February 25, 2025 only if the
Company&#8217;s Class B common stock closes above $50 per share for ten consecutive trading days prior to February 25, 2025, otherwise
the <span id="xdx_909_ecustom--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNumberSubjectToSpecialTerms_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--RestrictedStockMember__us-gaap--AwardDateAxis__custom--FebruaryTwentyFiveTwoThousandTwentyFiveMember_zicysBUilrFh" title="Number of non-vested shares special terms"><ix:nonFraction name="IDT:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNumberSubjectToSpecialTerms" contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_us-gaap_RestrictedStockMember_custom_FebruaryTwentyFiveTwoThousandTwentyFiveMember" id="Fact002997" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares">24,000</ix:nonFraction></span> restricted shares will be forfeited.</ix:nonNumeric></span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">At
July 31, 2024, there was $<span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedShareBasedAwardsOtherThanOptions_iI_pn5n6_c20240731__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--RestrictedStockMember_zjL4Gd1riOya"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedShareBasedAwardsOtherThanOptions" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31_us-gaap_RestrictedStockMember" id="Fact002998" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">0.3</ix:nonFraction></span> million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested restricted shares, which is expected
to be recognized over a weighted-average period of <span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedPeriodForRecognition1_dtY_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--RestrictedStockMember_zjdcJ7vXk3m2"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_us-gaap_RestrictedStockMember" format="ixt-sec:duryear" id="Fact002999" name="us-gaap:EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedPeriodForRecognition1">0.9</ix:nonNumeric></span> years. The total grant date fair value of shares vested in fiscal 2024, fiscal
2023, and fiscal 2022 was $<span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriodTotalFairValue_pn5n6_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--RestrictedStockMember_zQ9jovDZZZPh"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriodTotalFairValue" contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_us-gaap_RestrictedStockMember" id="Fact003000" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">0.7</ix:nonFraction></span> million, $<span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriodTotalFairValue_pn5n6_c20220801__20230731__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--RestrictedStockMember_zV4aFkzIGduf"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriodTotalFairValue" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31_us-gaap_RestrictedStockMember" id="Fact003001" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">0.5</ix:nonFraction></span> million, and $<span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriodTotalFairValue_pn5n6_c20210801__20220731__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--RestrictedStockMember_zbZg2A1POyia"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriodTotalFairValue" contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31_us-gaap_RestrictedStockMember" id="Fact003002" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">1.0</ix:nonFraction></span> million, respectively.</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Deferred
Stock Units Equity Incentive Programs</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardDescription_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__custom--DeferredStockUnitsMember_zIiJNF7udLzd" title="Deferred stock units, description"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_DeferredStockUnitsMember" id="Fact003004" name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardDescription">On
November 30, 2022, the Company adopted an equity incentive program (under the 2015 Plan) in the form of grants of DSUs that, upon vesting,
will entitle the grantees to receive shares of the Company&#8217;s Class B common stock. The number of shares that will be issuable on
each vesting date will vary between 50% to 200% of the number of DSUs that vest on that vesting date, depending on the market price for
the underlying Class B common stock on the vesting date relative to the base price approved by the Compensation Committee of the Company&#8217;s
Board of Directors of $<span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--SharePrice_iI_pid_c20221130__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--BoardOfDirectorsMember_z3uzOWV1wgI" title="Share price"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:SharePrice" contextRef="AsOf2022-11-30_custom_BoardOfDirectorsMember" id="Fact003006" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="USDPShares">25.45</ix:nonFraction></span> per share (which was based on the market price at the time of the initial grants under this program). On
February 21, 2024 and on May 17, 2023, in accordance with the program and based on certain elections made by grantees, the Company issued
<span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriod_pid_c20240221__20240221__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__custom--DeferredStockUnitsMember_zzFfaeD9leG7" title="Number of shares issued"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriod" contextRef="From2024-02-212024-02-21_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_DeferredStockUnitsMember" id="Fact003008" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares">53,706</ix:nonFraction></span> and <span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriod_pid_c20230517__20230517__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__custom--DeferredStockUnitsMember_zmcRzYlqZT5g" title="Number of shares issued"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriod" contextRef="From2023-05-172023-05-17_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_DeferredStockUnitsMember" id="Fact003010" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares">41,945</ix:nonFraction></span> shares, respectively, of its Class B common stock for vested DSUs. Subject to continued full time employment or other
services to the Company, the remaining <span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber_iI_c20250225__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__custom--DeferredStockUnitsMember__srt--StatementScenarioAxis__srt--ScenarioForecastMember_zPMvEbbAQGu2"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber" contextRef="AsOf2025-02-25_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_DeferredStockUnitsMember_srt_ScenarioForecastMember" id="Fact003011" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares">147,540</ix:nonFraction></span> DSUs are scheduled to vest on February 25, 2025, the final vesting date under the program.
The Company estimated that the fair value of the DSUs on the date of grants was an aggregate of $<span id="xdx_900_ecustom--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriodGrantDateFairValue_iI_pn5n6_c20240731__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__custom--DeferredStockUnitsMember_z4UBAQQgYJt7" title="Estimated fair value of DSUs on date of grant"><ix:nonFraction name="IDT:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriodGrantDateFairValue" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31_custom_DeferredStockUnitsMember" id="Fact003013" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">5.4</ix:nonFraction></span> million, which is being recognized
on a graded vesting basis over the requisite service periods ending in February 2025. The Company used a risk neutral Monte Carlo simulation
method in its valuation of the DSUs, which simulated the range of possible future values of the Company&#8217;s Class B common stock
over the life of the DSUs.</ix:nonNumeric></span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


<ix:exclude><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 37; Value: 1 -->
    <div style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; margin-bottom: 6pt"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><td style="text-align: center; width: 100%">F-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->37<!-- Field: /Sequence --></td></tr></table></div>
    <div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><td style="text-align: center; width: 100%">&#160;</td></tr></table></div>
    <!-- Field: /Page --></ix:exclude>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company had a prior equity incentive program in the form of DSUs that, upon vesting, entitled the grantees to receive shares of the Company&#8217;s
Class B common stock. On January 5, 2022, the Company issued <span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriod_c20220104__20220105__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__custom--DeferredStockUnitsMember_zZsrJQUHoC04" title="Number of shares issued"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriod" contextRef="From2022-01-042022-01-05_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_DeferredStockUnitsMember" id="Fact003015" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares">301,296</ix:nonFraction></span> shares of its Class B common stock in respect of vested DSUs.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Effective
as of September 21, 2020, the Company granted <span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod_pid_c20200801__20210731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__custom--DeferredStockUnitsMember_zuDDwctnSkzb" title="Number of deferred stock units granted"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod" contextRef="From2020-08-012021-07-31_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_DeferredStockUnitsMember" id="Fact003017" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares">4,000</ix:nonFraction></span> DSUs that were not included in the program described above, which upon vesting, entitled
the grantee to receive shares of the Company&#8217;s Class B common stock. In fiscal 2024, fiscal 2023, and fiscal 2022, the Company
issued <span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriod_pid_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__custom--DeferredStockUnitsMember_z52fZleU8k57" title="Number of deferred stock units vested"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriod" contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_DeferredStockUnitsMember106801406" id="Fact003019" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares">1,333</ix:nonFraction></span>, <span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriod_pid_c20220801__20230731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__custom--DeferredStockUnitsMember_z8bzt9MLt737" title="Number of deferred stock units vested"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriod" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_DeferredStockUnitsMember" id="Fact003021" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares">1,333</ix:nonFraction></span>, and <span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriod_pid_c20210801__20220731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__custom--DeferredStockUnitsMember_zz9u12pQ7wVi" title="Number of deferred stock units vested"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriod" contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_DeferredStockUnitsMember" id="Fact003023" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares">1,334</ix:nonFraction></span> shares, respectively, of its Class B common stock in respect of the vesting of these DSUs.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" escape="true" id="Fact003025" name="us-gaap:ScheduleOfSharebasedCompensationRestrictedStockAndRestrictedStockUnitsActivityTableTextBlock"><p id="xdx_89B_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfSharebasedCompensationRestrictedStockAndRestrictedStockUnitsActivityTableTextBlock_zcBqyRP1siyf" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">A
summary of the status of the Company&#8217;s grants of DSUs is presented below:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_8BA_zrYFvvaKPMJf" style="display: none">Schedule
of Grants of Restricted Shares</span>&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: right; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Number of</p>
                                                           <p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Non-vested</p>
                                                           <p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">DSUs</p>
                                                           <p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">(in
thousands)</p></td><td style="text-align: right; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Weighted-</p>
                                                                              <p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Average</p>
                                                                              <p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Grant-</p>
                                                                              <p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Date Fair</p>
                                                                              <p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Value</p></td><td style="text-align: right; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 60%">Non-vested shares at July 31, 2023</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber_iS_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731_zJ6guxco9Xxb" title="Number of non vested , beginning balance" style="width: 16%; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber" contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31" id="Fact003027" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="Shares">165</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98A_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_iS_pid_c20230801__20240731_zlc3QdT944Bl" title="Weighted- Average Grant- Date Fair Value, Beginning balance" style="width: 16%; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31" id="Fact003029" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="USDPShares">27.38</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td>Granted</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731_z3q9hFWfRpeb" title="Number of non vested, granted" style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod" contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" id="Fact003031" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="Shares">25</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_pid_c20230801__20240731_zLD9HxnUMNC2" title="Weighted- Average Grant- Date Fair Value, Granted" style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" id="Fact003033" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="USDPShares">33.64</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td>Vested</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriod_iN_pn3n3_di_c20230801__20240731_zRv6U5HDPcNb" title="Number of non vested, vested" style="text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriod" contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" id="Fact003035" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="Shares">40</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_iN_pid_di_c20230801__20240731_zmuKaJbgRRBb" title="Weighted- Average Grant- Date Fair Value, Vested" style="text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" id="Fact003037" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="USDPShares">26.03</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">Forfeited</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsForfeitedInPeriod_iN_pn3n3_di_c20230801__20240731_zuf0otXdJ8ff" title="Number of non vested, forfeited" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsForfeitedInPeriod" contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" id="Fact003039" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="Shares">2</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsForfeituresWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_iN_pid_di_c20230801__20240731_z0BFxuPExpEa" title="Weighted- Average Grant- Date Fair Value, Forfeited" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsForfeituresWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" id="Fact003041" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="USDPShares">28.67</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">NON-VESTED SHARES AT JULY 31, 2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber_iE_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731_zo1Z2kR5H6S4" title="Number of non vested , ending balance" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31" id="Fact003043" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="Shares">148</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_iE_pid_c20230801__20240731_zC2eZWDw2IZ6" title="Weighted- Average Grant- Date Fair Value, Ending balance" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31" id="Fact003045" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="USDPShares">28.79</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  </table>

</ix:nonNumeric><p id="xdx_8A0_zhc27MAzLRXa" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">At
July 31, 2024, there was $<span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedShareBasedAwardsOtherThanOptions_iI_pn5n6_c20240731__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__custom--DeferredStockUnitsMember_zk2yGwWZEmfi" title="Unrecognized compensation"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedShareBasedAwardsOtherThanOptions" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31_custom_DeferredStockUnitsMember" id="Fact003047" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">0.6</ix:nonFraction></span> million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested DSUs, which is expected to be recognized
over a weighted-average period of <span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedPeriodForRecognition1_dtY_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__custom--DeferredStockUnitsMember_zlWJQuHbMy92"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_custom_DeferredStockUnitsMember" format="ixt-sec:duryear" id="Fact003048" name="us-gaap:EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedPeriodForRecognition1">0.4</ix:nonNumeric></span> years. The total grant date fair value of DSUs vested in fiscal 2024, fiscal 2023, and fiscal 2022
was $<span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriodTotalFairValue_pn5n6_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__custom--DeferredStockUnitsMember_zOazxyNUYaCc"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriodTotalFairValue" contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_custom_DeferredStockUnitsMember" id="Fact003049" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">1.1</ix:nonFraction></span> million, $<span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriodTotalFairValue_pn5n6_c20220801__20230731__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__custom--DeferredStockUnitsMember_z1YYu4DpW0Si"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriodTotalFairValue" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31_custom_DeferredStockUnitsMember" id="Fact003050" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">0.9</ix:nonFraction></span> million, and $<span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriodTotalFairValue_pn5n6_c20210801__20220731__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__custom--DeferredStockUnitsMember_zdty9dYHrZId"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriodTotalFairValue" contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31_custom_DeferredStockUnitsMember" id="Fact003051" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">1.6</ix:nonFraction></span> million, respectively.</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Amended
and Restated Employment Agreement with Abilio (&#8220;Bill&#8221;) Pereira</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On
December 21, 2023, the Company entered into an Amended and Restated Employment Agreement with Bill Pereira, the Company&#8217;s President
and Chief Operating Officer. The agreement provides for, among other things, certain equity grants, including <span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod_c20231221__20231221__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__custom--DeferredStockUnitsMember__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--AmendedAndRestatedEmploymentAgreementMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--BillPereiraMember__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_zbqWhWzNucqh"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod" contextRef="From2023-12-212023-12-21_custom_DeferredStockUnitsMember_custom_AmendedAndRestatedEmploymentAgreementMember_custom_BillPereiraMember_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember" id="Fact003052" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares">23,500</ix:nonFraction></span> DSUs that, upon
vesting, represent the right to receive shares of the Company&#8217;s Class B common stock (which are included in the DSU table above),
and <span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod_c20231221__20231221__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--AmendedAndRestatedEmploymentAgreementMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--NetTwophoneTwoZeroIncMember__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_zo6ZLRrDoGAd"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod" contextRef="From2023-12-212023-12-21_custom_AmendedAndRestatedEmploymentAgreementMember_custom_NetTwophoneTwoZeroIncMember_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember" id="Fact003053" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares">50,000</ix:nonFraction></span> shares of Class B common stock of net2phone 2.0, as well as a contingent bonus subject to the completion of certain financial
milestones as set forth in the agreement. In fiscal 2024, two of these milestones were achieved, for which the Company issued to Mr.
Pereira <span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--AmendedAndRestatedEmploymentAgreementMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--BillPereiraMember__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_z29XEltnw6Id" title="Issuance of shares"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues" contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_custom_AmendedAndRestatedEmploymentAgreementMember_custom_BillPereiraMember_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember" id="Fact003055" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares">39,155</ix:nonFraction></span> shares of its Class B common stock in fiscal 2024 with an issue date value of $<span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues_pn5n6_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--AmendedAndRestatedEmploymentAgreementMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--BillPereiraMember__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_zaOmkPtRE7tj" title="Issuance of shares value"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues" contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_custom_AmendedAndRestatedEmploymentAgreementMember_custom_BillPereiraMember_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember" id="Fact003057" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">1.5</ix:nonFraction></span> million, and the Company will issue
an additional <span id="xdx_90E_ecustom--StockToBeIssuedForMilestoneSharesNewIssues_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--AmendedAndRestatedEmploymentAgreementMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--BillPereiraMember__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_zWAvV5CcVrHd" title="Stock to be issued for milestone shares"><ix:nonFraction name="IDT:StockToBeIssuedForMilestoneSharesNewIssues" contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_custom_AmendedAndRestatedEmploymentAgreementMember_custom_BillPereiraMember_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember" id="Fact003059" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares">39,155</ix:nonFraction></span> shares of its Class B common stock in the first quarter of fiscal 2025. In fiscal 2024, the Company recorded aggregate
stock-based compensation expense of $<span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensation_pn5n6_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--IncomeStatementLocationAxis__us-gaap--SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpensesMember__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--AmendedAndRestatedEmploymentAgreementMember_zh0xn0sDP70l" title="Share based compensation"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensation" contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_us-gaap_SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpensesMember_custom_AmendedAndRestatedEmploymentAgreementMember" id="Fact003061" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">4.1</ix:nonFraction></span> million related to these equity grants and the contingent bonus, which is included in &#8220;Selling,
general and administrative expense&#8221; in the accompanying consolidated statements of income.</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Stock
Issued to an Employee</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
fiscal 2023, the Company granted <span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod_c20220801__20230731__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--EmployeeMember__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_zY2N328DRBlc" title="Stock granted"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31_custom_EmployeeMember_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember" id="Fact003063" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares">15,000</ix:nonFraction></span> shares of its Class B common stock to an employee. The Company recorded stock-based compensation
expense and an increase in &#8220;Additional paid-in capital&#8221; of $<span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensation_pn5n6_c20220801__20230731__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--EmployeeMember__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_zuzhDsZzQ9jh" title="Share based compensation"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensation" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31_custom_EmployeeMember_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember" id="Fact003065" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">0.4</ix:nonFraction></span> million for this grant, which was the fair value of the shares
on the grant date.</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">NRS
Restricted Common Stock</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Effective
as of June 30, 2022, restricted shares of NRS&#8217; Class B common stock representing <span id="xdx_90B_ecustom--StockIssuedDuringPeriodPercentageOfOutstandingSharesRestrictedStockAwardGross_pid_dp_uPure_c20220601__20220630__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--NRSCommonClassBMember_zf62qo2peNV7" title="Outstanding capital stock, percent"><ix:nonFraction name="IDT:StockIssuedDuringPeriodPercentageOfOutstandingSharesRestrictedStockAwardGross" contextRef="From2022-06-012022-06-30_custom_NationalRetailSolutionsMember_custom_NRSCommonClassBMember" id="Fact003067" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" scale="-2" unitRef="Pure">1.2</ix:nonFraction></span>% of its outstanding capital stock on a fully
diluted basis were granted to certain NRS employees. The restrictions on the shares will lapse in three installments, the first was on
June 1, 2024, and the others are June 1, 2026, and June 1, 2027. The estimated fair value of the restricted shares on the grant date
was $<span id="xdx_908_ecustom--StockIssuedDuringPeriodRestrictedStockGrantDateFairValue_iI_pn5n6_c20220630__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--RestrictedStockMember_zHDAuJnlinEk" title="Aggregate estimated fair value on grant date recognized over the vesting period"><ix:nonFraction name="IDT:StockIssuedDuringPeriodRestrictedStockGrantDateFairValue" contextRef="AsOf2022-06-30_custom_NationalRetailSolutionsMember_us-gaap_RestrictedStockMember" id="Fact003069" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">3.3</ix:nonFraction></span> million, which is being recognized over the vesting period. At July 31, 2024, unrecognized compensation cost related to NRS&#8217;
non-vested Class B common stock was an aggregate of $<span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedShareBasedAwardsOtherThanOptions_iI_pn5n6_c20240731__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--RestrictedStockMember_zdaS3INnWye1" title="Unrecognized compensation"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedShareBasedAwardsOtherThanOptions" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31_custom_NationalRetailSolutionsMember_us-gaap_RestrictedStockMember" id="Fact003071" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">1.9</ix:nonFraction></span> million. The unrecognized compensation cost is expected to be recognized over
the remaining vesting period that ends in fiscal 2027.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
connection with the vesting of the restricted shares of NRS Class B common stock on June 1, 2024, the Company repurchased a portion of
the shares representing an aggregate of <span id="xdx_907_ecustom--RestrictedCommonStockWithholdingFromEmployeesOutstandingSharesPercentage_dp_c20240601__20240630__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember_zLsaPU3uLWtc" title="Restricted common stock with holding employees outstanding shares percentage"><ix:nonFraction name="IDT:RestrictedCommonStockWithholdingFromEmployeesOutstandingSharesPercentage" contextRef="From2024-06-012024-06-30_custom_NationalRetailSolutionsMember" id="Fact003073" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" scale="-2" unitRef="Pure">0.17</ix:nonFraction></span>% of the outstanding shares of NRS with an aggregate fair value of $<span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--PaymentsRelatedToTaxWithholdingForShareBasedCompensation_pn5n6_c20240601__20240630__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_zvQM6fNKEKqi" title="Offsetting income tax withholding liability"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:PaymentsRelatedToTaxWithholdingForShareBasedCompensation" contextRef="From2024-06-012024-06-30_custom_NationalRetailSolutionsMember_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember" id="Fact003075" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">0.6</ix:nonFraction></span> million to satisfy
the grantees&#8217; tax withholding obligations in connection with the lapsing of restrictions on restricted stock. The fair value per
share of the NRS Class B common stock was based on a valuation of the total equity of NRS using a market approach and income approach.
The Company recorded a decrease in &#8220;Noncontrolling interests&#8221; of $<span id="xdx_908_ecustom--PaymentsRelatedToTaxWithholdingForShareBasedCompensationDecreaseInNoncontrollingInterests_c20240601__20240601__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember_zTCCCuV3yFzk" title="Decrease in non controlling interests"><ix:nonFraction name="IDT:PaymentsRelatedToTaxWithholdingForShareBasedCompensationDecreaseInNoncontrollingInterests" contextRef="From2024-06-012024-06-01_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_NationalRetailSolutionsMember" id="Fact003077" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">21,000</ix:nonFraction></span> and a decrease in &#8220;Additional paid-in capital&#8221;
of $<span id="xdx_908_ecustom--PaymentsRelatedToTaxWithholdingForShareBasedCompensationDecreaseInAdditionalPaidInCapital_pn5n6_c20240601__20240601__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember_zMtnc9ZtIXB3" title="Decrease in additional paid in capital"><ix:nonFraction name="IDT:PaymentsRelatedToTaxWithholdingForShareBasedCompensationDecreaseInAdditionalPaidInCapital" contextRef="From2024-06-012024-06-01_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_NationalRetailSolutionsMember" id="Fact003079" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">0.6</ix:nonFraction></span> million, and an offsetting income tax withholding liability of $<span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--PaymentsRelatedToTaxWithholdingForShareBasedCompensation_pn5n6_c20240601__20240601__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember_zP8xz2WM90Ml" title="Offsetting income tax withholding liability"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:PaymentsRelatedToTaxWithholdingForShareBasedCompensation" contextRef="From2024-06-012024-06-01_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_NationalRetailSolutionsMember" id="Fact003081" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">0.6</ix:nonFraction></span> million.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


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    <div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><td style="text-align: center; width: 100%">&#160;</td></tr></table></div>
    <!-- Field: /Page --></ix:exclude>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
February 2022, restricted shares of NRS&#8217; Class B common stock representing <span id="xdx_904_ecustom--StockIssuedDuringPeriodPercentageOfOutstandingSharesRestrictedStockAwardGross_pid_dp_uPure_c20220201__20220228__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--NRSCommonClassBMember_zWNVDAZQV2he" title="Outstanding capital stock, percent"><ix:nonFraction name="IDT:StockIssuedDuringPeriodPercentageOfOutstandingSharesRestrictedStockAwardGross" contextRef="From2022-02-012022-02-28_custom_NationalRetailSolutionsMember_custom_NRSCommonClassBMember" id="Fact003083" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" scale="-2" unitRef="Pure">0.4</ix:nonFraction></span>% of its outstanding capital stock on a fully diluted
basis were granted to certain employees of the Company for services provided. The Company recorded stock-based compensation expense and
an increase in &#8220;Additional paid-in capital&#8221; of $<span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationRequisiteServicePeriodRecognitionValue_pn5n6_c20220201__20220228__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--NRSCommonClassBMember_zFrD2H1DLkKj" title="Stock based compensation"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationRequisiteServicePeriodRecognitionValue" contextRef="From2022-02-012022-02-28_custom_NationalRetailSolutionsMember_custom_NRSCommonClassBMember" id="Fact003085" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">1.2</ix:nonFraction></span> million for these grants, based on the estimated fair value on the grant
date.</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">net2phone
2.0, Inc. Restricted Common Stock</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On
December 31, 2020, a compensatory arrangement with each of Howard S. Jonas and Shmuel Jonas, the Company&#8217;s Chief Executive Officer,
was finalized. Howard S. Jonas and Shmuel Jonas each received <span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesRestrictedStockAwardGross_pn5n6_c20201231__20201231__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--NetTwoPhoneIncMember_zwDAIkfqyvea"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesRestrictedStockAwardGross" contextRef="From2020-12-312020-12-31_custom_NetTwoPhoneIncMember" id="Fact003086" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="Shares">0.5</ix:nonFraction></span> million restricted shares of net2phone 2.0&#8217;s Class B common stock,
which represented an aggregate of <span id="xdx_906_ecustom--StockIssuedDuringPeriodPercentageOfOutstandingSharesRestrictedStockAwardGross_pid_dp_uPure_c20201230__20201231__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--NetTwoPhoneIncMember_zfV6akY5TnW2"><ix:nonFraction name="IDT:StockIssuedDuringPeriodPercentageOfOutstandingSharesRestrictedStockAwardGross" contextRef="From2020-12-302020-12-31_custom_NetTwoPhoneIncMember" id="Fact003087" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" scale="-2" unitRef="Pure">10</ix:nonFraction></span>% of net2phone 2.0&#8217;s issued and outstanding common stock at the time of the grant. <span id="xdx_909_ecustom--RestrictedStockContingentVestingArrangementsDescription_c20230801__20240731__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--NetTwoPhoneIncMember_zJNz7Q9quSRk" title="Restricted stock vesting arrangement, description"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_custom_NetTwoPhoneIncMember" id="Fact003089" name="IDT:RestrictedStockContingentVestingArrangementsDescription">The shares
entitle each grantee to proceeds only on a sale, spin-off, initial public offering, or other monetization of net2phone 2.0 and have protection
from dilution for the first $15 million invested in net2phone 2.0 following the grant.</ix:nonNumeric></span> In January 2024, the restrictions lapsed on these
restricted shares. In addition, in January 2024, Bill Pereira was granted <span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod_c20240101__20240131__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--NetTwophoneTwoZeroIncMember_zNXYXWhkgoI3" title="Shares granted"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod" contextRef="From2024-01-012024-01-31_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_NetTwophoneTwoZeroIncMember" id="Fact003091" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares">50,000</ix:nonFraction></span> shares of net2phone 2.0 Class B common stock in connection
with the agreement described above. The Company repurchased a portion of these shares representing an aggregate of <span id="xdx_902_ecustom--RestrictedCommonStockWithholdingFromEmployeesOutstandingSharesPercentage_pid_dp_uPure_c20240101__20240131__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--NetTwophoneTwoZeroIncMember_zUHldw19t89a" title="Restricted common stock with holding employees outstanding shares percentage"><ix:nonFraction name="IDT:RestrictedCommonStockWithholdingFromEmployeesOutstandingSharesPercentage" contextRef="From2024-01-012024-01-31_custom_NetTwophoneTwoZeroIncMember" id="Fact003093" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" scale="-2" unitRef="Pure">4.5</ix:nonFraction></span>% of the outstanding
shares of net2phone 2.0 with an aggregate fair value of $<span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--PaymentsRelatedToTaxWithholdingForShareBasedCompensation_pn5n6_c20240101__20240131__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--NetTwophoneTwoZeroIncMember__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_zBUOjXTG4rra" title="Offsetting income tax withholding liability"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:PaymentsRelatedToTaxWithholdingForShareBasedCompensation" contextRef="From2024-01-012024-01-31_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_NetTwophoneTwoZeroIncMember" id="Fact003095" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">3.6</ix:nonFraction></span> million to satisfy the grantees&#8217; tax withholding obligations in connection
with the lapsing of restrictions on restricted stock or the grant of shares. The fair value per share of the net2phone 2.0 Class B common
stock was based on a valuation of the business enterprise using a market approach and income approach. The Company recorded an increase
in &#8220;Noncontrolling interests&#8221; of $<span id="xdx_901_ecustom--PaymentsRelatedToTaxWithholdingForShareBasedCompensationIncreaseInNoncontrollingInterests_c20240101__20240131__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--NetTwophoneTwoZeroIncMember_z6RjoNPLlvA6" title="Increase in non controlling interests"><ix:nonFraction name="IDT:PaymentsRelatedToTaxWithholdingForShareBasedCompensationIncreaseInNoncontrollingInterests" contextRef="From2024-01-012024-01-31_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_NetTwophoneTwoZeroIncMember" id="Fact003097" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">53,000</ix:nonFraction></span> and a decrease in &#8220;Additional paid-in capital&#8221; of $<span id="xdx_906_ecustom--PaymentsRelatedToTaxWithholdingForShareBasedCompensationDecreaseInAdditionalPaidInCapital_pn4n6_c20240101__20240131__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--NetTwophoneTwoZeroIncMember_zw06peLBixSb" title="Decrease in additional paid-in capital"><ix:nonFraction name="IDT:PaymentsRelatedToTaxWithholdingForShareBasedCompensationDecreaseInAdditionalPaidInCapital" contextRef="From2024-01-012024-01-31_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_NetTwophoneTwoZeroIncMember" id="Fact003099" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-4" scale="6" unitRef="USD">3.61</ix:nonFraction></span> million, and
an offsetting income tax withholding liability of $<span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--PaymentsRelatedToTaxWithholdingForShareBasedCompensation_pn4n6_c20240101__20240131__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--NetTwophoneTwoZeroIncMember_zRHEKMi81XGb" title="Offsetting income tax withholding liability"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:PaymentsRelatedToTaxWithholdingForShareBasedCompensation" contextRef="From2024-01-012024-01-31_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_NetTwophoneTwoZeroIncMember" id="Fact003101" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-4" scale="6" unitRef="USD">3.6</ix:nonFraction></span> million.</span></p>
<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" escape="true" id="Fact003103" name="us-gaap:ComprehensiveIncomeNoteTextBlock"><p id="xdx_80E_eus-gaap--ComprehensiveIncomeNoteTextBlock_zSrLAA3rKQG7" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Note
22&#8212;<span id="xdx_82E_zKOIW8II8XPl">Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss</span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" escape="true" id="Fact003105" name="us-gaap:ScheduleOfAccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossTableTextBlock"><p id="xdx_894_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfAccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossTableTextBlock_zzM8fOswVGF9" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
accumulated balances for each classification of other comprehensive loss were as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_8B2_zdhJfzQCxiA3" style="display: none">Schedule
of Accumulated Balances for Each Classification of Other Comprehensive Income Income (Loss)</span></span></span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">(in thousands)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Unrealized</p>
                    <p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">loss on</p>
                    <p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">available-for-</p>
                    <p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">sale securities</p></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Foreign</p>
                    <p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">currency</p>
                    <p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">translation</p></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Accumulated</p>
                    <p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">other</p>
                    <p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">comprehensive</p>
                    <p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">loss</p></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 52%">Balance at July 31, 2021</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_iS_pn3n3_c20210801__20220731__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--AccumulatedNetUnrealizedInvestmentGainLossMember_zhUYAXLAzg69" title="Ending balance" style="width: 12%; text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax" contextRef="AsOf2021-07-31_us-gaap_AccumulatedNetUnrealizedInvestmentGainLossMember" id="Fact003107" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD">9</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">)</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_iS_pn3n3_c20210801__20220731__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--AccumulatedTranslationAdjustmentMember_za7mfTWEJCfc" title="Ending balance" style="width: 12%; text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax" contextRef="AsOf2021-07-31_us-gaap_AccumulatedTranslationAdjustmentMember" id="Fact003109" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD">10,174</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">)</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_iS_pn3n3_c20210801__20220731_zyCp6KC0P6e3" title="Ending balance" style="width: 12%; text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax" contextRef="AsOf2021-07-31" id="Fact003111" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD">10,183</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">Other comprehensive loss attributable to IDT Corporation</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_pn3n3_c20210801__20220731__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--AccumulatedNetUnrealizedInvestmentGainLossMember_zdqgex1dDyz3" title="Other comprehensive loss attributable to IDT Corporation" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax" contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31_us-gaap_AccumulatedNetUnrealizedInvestmentGainLossMember" id="Fact003113" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD">537</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_pn3n3_c20210801__20220731__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--AccumulatedTranslationAdjustmentMember_zt6iDNuXcKNc" title="Other comprehensive loss attributable to IDT Corporation" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax" contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31_us-gaap_AccumulatedTranslationAdjustmentMember" id="Fact003115" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD">585</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_pn3n3_c20210801__20220731_zIwPDwLNPozj" title="Other comprehensive loss attributable to IDT Corporation" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax" contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31" id="Fact003117" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD">1,122</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td>Balance at July 31, 2022</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_iS_pn3n3_c20220801__20230731__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--AccumulatedNetUnrealizedInvestmentGainLossMember_zaFXvDscXCPd" title="Beginning balance" style="text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax" contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31_us-gaap_AccumulatedNetUnrealizedInvestmentGainLossMember" id="Fact003119" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD">546</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_iS_pn3n3_c20220801__20230731__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--AccumulatedTranslationAdjustmentMember_zKhS6vzSeIB1" title="Beginning balance" style="text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax" contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31_us-gaap_AccumulatedTranslationAdjustmentMember" id="Fact003121" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD">10,759</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_iS_pn3n3_c20220801__20230731_zwmOb2fv9s8k" title="Beginning balance" style="text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax" contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31" id="Fact003123" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD">11,305</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">Other comprehensive loss attributable to IDT Corporation</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_pn3n3_c20220801__20230731__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--AccumulatedNetUnrealizedInvestmentGainLossMember_zp7z06R1PO6k" title="Other comprehensive loss attributable to IDT Corporation" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31_us-gaap_AccumulatedNetUnrealizedInvestmentGainLossMember" id="Fact003125" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD">99</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_pn3n3_c20220801__20230731__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--AccumulatedTranslationAdjustmentMember_zpSbHsOIjLGc" title="Other comprehensive loss attributable to IDT Corporation" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31_us-gaap_AccumulatedTranslationAdjustmentMember" id="Fact003127" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD">5,788</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_pn3n3_c20220801__20230731_z7aGuEd97up9" title="Other comprehensive loss attributable to IDT Corporation" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31" id="Fact003129" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD">5,887</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td>Balance at July 31, 2023</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_iS_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--AccumulatedNetUnrealizedInvestmentGainLossMember_z28VyhTEXS2" title="Ending balance" style="text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax" contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31_us-gaap_AccumulatedNetUnrealizedInvestmentGainLossMember" id="Fact003131" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD">645</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_iS_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--AccumulatedTranslationAdjustmentMember_zbHJwNlnbGMe" title="Ending balance" style="text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax" contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31_us-gaap_AccumulatedTranslationAdjustmentMember" id="Fact003133" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD">16,547</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_iS_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731_z8iHQ7catuU2" title="Ending balance" style="text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax" contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31" id="Fact003135" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD">17,192</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">Other comprehensive income (loss) attributable to IDT Corporation</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--AccumulatedNetUnrealizedInvestmentGainLossMember_zOrVgFY7JDjf" title="Other comprehensive loss attributable to IDT Corporation" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax" contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_us-gaap_AccumulatedNetUnrealizedInvestmentGainLossMember" id="Fact003137" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">265</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--AccumulatedTranslationAdjustmentMember_zvo38yTtwzt" title="Other comprehensive loss attributable to IDT Corporation" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax" contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_us-gaap_AccumulatedTranslationAdjustmentMember" id="Fact003139" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD">1,215</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731_z7pB5k7TBGt4" title="Other comprehensive loss attributable to IDT Corporation" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax" contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" id="Fact003141" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD">950</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">BALANCE AT JULY 31, 2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_iE_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--AccumulatedNetUnrealizedInvestmentGainLossMember_zrpxTOr8txKa" title="Ending balance" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31_us-gaap_AccumulatedNetUnrealizedInvestmentGainLossMember" id="Fact003143" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD">380</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_iE_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--AccumulatedTranslationAdjustmentMember_zBTi5BBrrRYc" title="Ending balance" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31_us-gaap_AccumulatedTranslationAdjustmentMember" id="Fact003145" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD">17,762</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_iE_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731_zi8lKhaQrnN1" title="Ending balance" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31" id="Fact003147" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD">18,142</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  </table>

</ix:nonNumeric><p id="xdx_8AB_zqSwO4aNNa4l" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" escape="true" id="Fact003149" name="us-gaap:CommitmentsAndContingenciesDisclosureTextBlock"><p id="xdx_80E_eus-gaap--CommitmentsAndContingenciesDisclosureTextBlock_zP6bDQbEASsj" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Note
23&#8212;<span id="xdx_82A_zVp0dZ6nLVpk">Commitments and Contingencies</span></span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Legal
Proceedings</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On
July 5, 2017, plaintiff JDS1, LLC, on behalf of itself and all other similarly situated stockholders of Straight Path, and
derivatively on behalf of Straight Path as nominal defendant, filed a putative class action and derivative complaint in the Court of
Chancery of the State of Delaware against the Company, The Patrick Henry Trust (a trust formed by Howard S. Jonas that held record
and beneficial ownership of certain shares of Straight Path he formerly held), Howard S. Jonas, and each of Straight Path&#8217;s
directors. The complaint alleged that the Company aided and abetted Straight Path Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer
Davidi Jonas, and Howard S. Jonas in his capacity as controlling stockholder of Straight Path, in breaching their fiduciary duties
to Straight Path in connection with the settlement of claims between Straight Path and the Company related to potential
indemnification claims concerning Straight Path&#8217;s obligations under the Consent Decree it entered into with the Federal
Communications Commission (&#8220;FCC&#8221;), as well as the sale of Straight Path&#8217;s subsidiary Straight Path IP Group, Inc.
to the Company in connection with that settlement. That action was consolidated with a similar action that was initiated by The
Arbitrage Fund. The Plaintiffs sought, among other things, (i) a declaration that the action may be maintained as a class action or
in the alternative, that demand on the Straight Path Board is excused; (ii) that the term sheet is invalid; (iii) awarding damages
for the unfair price stockholders received in the merger between Straight Path and Verizon Communications Inc. for their shares of
Straight Path&#8217;s Class B common stock; and (iv) ordering Howard S. Jonas, Davidi Jonas, and the Company to disgorge any profits
for the benefit of the class Plaintiffs. On August 28, 2017, the Plaintiffs filed an amended complaint. The trial was held in August
and December 2022, and closing arguments were presented on May 3, 2023. On October 3, 2023, the Court of Chancery of the State of
Delaware dismissed all claims against the Company, and found that, contrary to the plaintiffs&#8217; allegations, the class suffered
no damages. On July 22, 2024, oral argument was held in the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware on the issue of
attorney&#8217;s fees sought by plaintiff&#8217;s counsel against Howard S. Jonas. The parties are awaiting the final order from the
court. The plaintiffs will have 30 days from entry of the final order to file an appeal.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


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    <div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><td style="text-align: center; width: 100%">&#160;</td></tr></table></div>
    <!-- Field: /Page --></ix:exclude>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
addition to the foregoing, the Company is subject to other legal proceedings that have arisen in the ordinary course of business and
have not been finally adjudicated. Although there can be no assurance in this regard, the Company believes that none of the other legal
proceedings to which the Company is a party will have a material adverse effect on the Company&#8217;s results of operations, cash flows,
or financial condition.</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Sales
Tax Contingency</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On
June 21, 2018, the United States Supreme Court rendered a decision in South Dakota v. Wayfair, Inc., holding that a state may require
a remote seller with no physical presence in the state to collect and remit sales tax on goods and services provided to purchasers in
the state, overturning certain existing court precedent. It is possible that one or more jurisdictions may assert that the Company has
liability for periods for which it has not collected sales, use or other similar taxes, and if such an assertion or assertions were successful
it could materially and adversely affect the Company&#8217;s business, financial position, and operating results. One or more jurisdictions
may change their laws or policies to apply their sales, use or other similar taxes to the Company&#8217;s operations, and if such changes
were made it could materially and adversely affect the Company&#8217;s business, financial position, and operating results.</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Regulatory
Fees Audit</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company&#8217;s 2017 FCC Form 499-A, which reported its calendar year 2016 revenue, was audited by the Universal Service Administrative
Company (&#8220;USAC&#8221;). The USAC&#8217;s final decision imposed a $<span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--LossContingencyEstimateOfPossibleLoss_iI_pn5n6_c20240731__srt--ProductOrServiceAxis__custom--FederalTelecommunicationsRelayServicesFundMember_zt8529MU0ZUk" title="Final decision imposed"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:LossContingencyEstimateOfPossibleLoss" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31_custom_FederalTelecommunicationsRelayServicesFundMember" id="Fact003151" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">2.9</ix:nonFraction></span> million charge on the Company for the Federal Telecommunications
Relay Service (&#8220;TRS&#8221;) Fund. The Company has appealed the USAC&#8217;s final decision to the FCC and does not intend to remit
payment for the TRS Fund fees unless and until a negative decision on its appeal has been issued. The Company has made certain changes
to its filing policies and procedures for years that remain potentially under audit. At July 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company&#8217;s accrued
expenses included $<span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--AccruedLiabilitiesCurrentAndNoncurrent_iI_pn5n6_c20240731_z5hAfP3pyxp9" title="Accrued liabilities"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AccruedLiabilitiesCurrentAndNoncurrent" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31" id="Fact003153" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">25.9</ix:nonFraction></span> million and $<span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--AccruedLiabilitiesCurrentAndNoncurrent_iI_pn5n6_c20230731_zLZz8jqr78Jg" title="Accrued liabilities"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AccruedLiabilitiesCurrentAndNoncurrent" contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31" id="Fact003155" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">26.8</ix:nonFraction></span> million, respectively, for FCC-related regulatory fees for the year covered by the audit, as
well as prior and subsequent years.</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Purchase
Commitments</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">At
July 31, 2024, the Company had purchase commitments of $<span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--PurchaseObligation_iI_pn5n6_c20240731_zbSdHvoSFI3a" title="Purchase obligation"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:PurchaseObligation" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31" id="Fact003157" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">2.9</ix:nonFraction></span> million primarily for equipment and services.</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Performance
Bonds</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company has performance bonds issued through third parties for the benefit of various states in order to comply with the states&#8217;
financial requirements for money remittance licenses and telecommunications resellers. At July 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company had aggregate
performance bonds outstanding of $<span id="xdx_902_ecustom--PerformanceBondsOutstanding_iI_pn5n6_c20240731_zOC5cwX0UK29" title="Performance bonds outstanding"><ix:nonFraction name="IDT:PerformanceBondsOutstanding" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31" id="Fact003159" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">32.4</ix:nonFraction></span> million and $<span id="xdx_903_ecustom--PerformanceBondsOutstanding_iI_pn5n6_c20230731_ztoGbfYkmVzd" title="Performance bonds outstanding"><ix:nonFraction name="IDT:PerformanceBondsOutstanding" contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31" id="Fact003161" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">27.1</ix:nonFraction></span> million, respectively. The increase in the performance bonds was due to increased
money remittance transactions in fiscal 2024 compared to prior years.</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" escape="true" id="Fact003163" name="us-gaap:RelatedPartyTransactionsDisclosureTextBlock"><p id="xdx_802_eus-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsDisclosureTextBlock_z80opiDLA29l" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Note
24&#8212;<span id="xdx_829_zieCB8caE832">Related Party Transactions</span></span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Rafael
Holdings, Inc.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
connection with the spin-off of Rafael in March 2018, the Company and Rafael entered into a Transition Services Agreement pursuant to
which certain administrative and other services are provided by the Company and Rafael. The Company charged Rafael $<span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--CostsAndExpensesRelatedParty_pn5n6_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--RafaelSpinOffMember_zPrdX9XMLiJb"><span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--CostsAndExpensesRelatedParty_pn5n6_c20220801__20230731__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--RafaelSpinOffMember_zezuuEGv42yj"><span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--CostsAndExpensesRelatedParty_pn5n6_c20210801__20220731__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--RafaelSpinOffMember_zM3PjvVgu1M9"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:CostsAndExpensesRelatedParty" contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_custom_RafaelSpinOffMember" id="Fact003164" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:CostsAndExpensesRelatedParty" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31_custom_RafaelSpinOffMember" id="Fact003165" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:CostsAndExpensesRelatedParty" contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31_custom_RafaelSpinOffMember" id="Fact003166" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">0.3</ix:nonFraction></ix:nonFraction></ix:nonFraction></span></span></span> million in each
of fiscal 2024, fiscal 2023, and fiscal 2022 for services provided, net of the amounts charged by Rafael to the Company. At both July
31, 2024 and 2023, other current assets reported in the Company&#8217;s consolidated balance sheets included net receivable from Rafael
of $<span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--OtherReceivablesNetCurrent_iI_pn5n6_c20240731__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--RafaelSpinOffMember_zoCssZ6fJKv2"><span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--OtherReceivablesNetCurrent_iI_pn5n6_c20230731__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--RafaelSpinOffMember_zyqggT2a7kOl"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OtherReceivablesNetCurrent" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31_custom_RafaelSpinOffMember" id="Fact003167" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OtherReceivablesNetCurrent" contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31_custom_RafaelSpinOffMember" id="Fact003168" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">0.1</ix:nonFraction></ix:nonFraction></span></span> million.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">See
Note 4 regarding the Company&#8217;s office lease arrangements with Rafael.</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Genie
Energy Ltd.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company entered into a Transition Services Agreement with Genie Energy Ltd. (&#8220;Genie&#8221;) prior to the spin-off of Genie in October
2011, which provides for certain services to be performed by the Company and Genie. The Company charged Genie $<span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--CostsAndExpensesRelatedParty_pn5n6_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--GenieAndSubsidiarieMember_zRM7FMtw5LLi" title="Costs and expenses, related party"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:CostsAndExpensesRelatedParty" contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_custom_GenieAndSubsidiarieMember" id="Fact003170" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">0.9</ix:nonFraction></span> million, $<span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--CostsAndExpensesRelatedParty_pn5n6_c20220801__20230731__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--GenieAndSubsidiarieMember_zY0CTVECOM9h" title="Costs and expenses, related party"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:CostsAndExpensesRelatedParty" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31_custom_GenieAndSubsidiarieMember" id="Fact003172" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">1.2</ix:nonFraction></span> million,
and $<span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--CostsAndExpensesRelatedParty_pn5n6_c20210801__20220731__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--GenieAndSubsidiarieMember_zCZ35ZfJ54Zg" title="Costs and expenses, related party"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:CostsAndExpensesRelatedParty" contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31_custom_GenieAndSubsidiarieMember" id="Fact003174" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">1.3</ix:nonFraction></span> million in fiscal 2024, fiscal 2023, and fiscal 2022, respectively, for services provided and other items, net of the amounts
charged by Genie to the Company. At July 31, 2024 and 2023, other current assets reported in the Company&#8217;s consolidated balance
sheets included receivables from Genie of $<span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--OtherReceivablesNetCurrent_iI_pn5n6_c20240731__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--GenieAndSubsidiarieMember_zpGrwarHDhhd" title="Due from other related parties, current"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OtherReceivablesNetCurrent" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31_custom_GenieAndSubsidiarieMember" id="Fact003176" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">0.3</ix:nonFraction></span> million and $<span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--OtherReceivablesNetCurrent_iI_pn5n6_c20230731__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--GenieAndSubsidiarieMember_zVma2yCFfwDk" title="Due from other related parties, current"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OtherReceivablesNetCurrent" contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31_custom_GenieAndSubsidiarieMember" id="Fact003178" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">0.2</ix:nonFraction></span> million, respectively.</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Other
Related Party Transactions</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company provides office space, certain connectivity and other services to Jonas Media Group, a publishing firm owned by Howard S. Jonas.
Billings for such services were $<span id="xdx_907_ecustom--RelatedPartyTransactionBillingsToRelatedPartyForServices_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--JonasMember_z5ep4M9UVrR2" title="Receivable from subsidiaries included in services"><ix:nonFraction name="IDT:RelatedPartyTransactionBillingsToRelatedPartyForServices" contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_custom_JonasMember" id="Fact003180" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">1,300</ix:nonFraction></span>; $<span id="xdx_905_ecustom--RelatedPartyTransactionBillingsToRelatedPartyForServices_c20220801__20230731__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--JonasMember_zm56eYbY2U9c" title="Receivable from subsidiaries included in services"><ix:nonFraction name="IDT:RelatedPartyTransactionBillingsToRelatedPartyForServices" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31_custom_JonasMember" id="Fact003182" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">2,000</ix:nonFraction></span>; and $<span id="xdx_90B_ecustom--RelatedPartyTransactionBillingsToRelatedPartyForServices_c20210801__20220731__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--JonasMember_zxHODxlQQxr8" title="Receivable from subsidiaries included in services"><ix:nonFraction name="IDT:RelatedPartyTransactionBillingsToRelatedPartyForServices" contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31_custom_JonasMember" id="Fact003184" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">2,000</ix:nonFraction></span> in fiscal 2024, fiscal 2023, and fiscal 2022, respectively. The balance owed
to the Company by Jonas Media Group was $<span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--OtherReceivablesNetCurrent_iI_c20240731__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--JonasMember_zlW4CNFwIuXj" title="Due from Other Related Parties, Current"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OtherReceivablesNetCurrent" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31_custom_JonasMember" id="Fact003186" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">5,300</ix:nonFraction></span> and $<span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--OtherReceivablesNetCurrent_iI_c20230731__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--JonasMember_zHcyXvkU1fQk" title="Due from Other Related Parties, Current"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OtherReceivablesNetCurrent" contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31_custom_JonasMember" id="Fact003188" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">4,000</ix:nonFraction></span> as of July 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


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    <div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><td style="text-align: center; width: 100%">&#160;</td></tr></table></div>
    <!-- Field: /Page --></ix:exclude>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Mason
and Company Consulting, LLC (&#8220;Mason and Co.&#8221;), a company owned solely by Jonathan Mason, receives annual commissions and
fees for the insurance brokerage referral and placement of certain of the Company&#8217;s insurance policies. Jonathan Mason is the husband
of Joyce J. Mason, the Company&#8217;s General Counsel, and brother-in-law of Howard S. Jonas. Based on information the Company received
from Jonathan Mason, the Company believes that Mason and Co. received commissions and fees from payments made by the Company in the aggregate
amount of $<span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--OperatingCostsAndExpenses_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionAxis__custom--MasonAndCompanyConsultingMember_zTYCZ56NmfK8" title="Commissions and fees from payment by company"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OperatingCostsAndExpenses" contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_custom_MasonAndCompanyConsultingMember" id="Fact003190" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">57,000</ix:nonFraction></span> in fiscal 2024, $<span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--OperatingCostsAndExpenses_c20220801__20230731__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionAxis__custom--MasonAndCompanyConsultingMember_z2Fytm9SpEH8" title="Commissions and fees from payment by company"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OperatingCostsAndExpenses" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31_custom_MasonAndCompanyConsultingMember" id="Fact003192" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">62,000</ix:nonFraction></span> in fiscal 2023, and $<span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--OperatingCostsAndExpenses_c20210801__20220731__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionAxis__custom--MasonAndCompanyConsultingMember_zPEOn6Vx19Tb" title="Commissions and fees from payment by company"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OperatingCostsAndExpenses" contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31_custom_MasonAndCompanyConsultingMember" id="Fact003194" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">76,000</ix:nonFraction></span> in fiscal 2022. Neither Howard S. Jonas nor Joyce Mason has any
ownership or other interest in Mason and Co., or the commissions paid to Mason and Co., other than via the familial relationships with
Jonathan Mason.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">IDT
DT leases space in a building in the Bronx, New York that is owned by a limited liability company that is jointly owned by Howard S.
Jonas and Shmuel Jonas. The annual rent is $<span id="xdx_909_ecustom--RelatedPartyTransactionLeaseAnnualRentPaymentsToRelatedParty_c20230801__20240731_zM74zbDsa8Q8" title="Annual rent payment"><ix:nonFraction name="IDT:RelatedPartyTransactionLeaseAnnualRentPaymentsToRelatedParty" contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" id="Fact003196" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">18,600</ix:nonFraction></span>.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company had loans receivable from employees aggregating $<span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--OtherReceivablesNetCurrent_iI_pn5n6_c20240731__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--EmployeesMember_zpkCNM5Q08u3" title="Outstanding net loan receivable from employees"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OtherReceivablesNetCurrent" contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31_custom_EmployeesMember" id="Fact003198" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">0.5</ix:nonFraction></span> million and $<span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--OtherReceivablesNetCurrent_iI_pn5n6_c20230731__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--EmployeesMember_zUDGfwQ5bMic" title="Outstanding net loan receivable from employees"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OtherReceivablesNetCurrent" contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31_custom_EmployeesMember" id="Fact003200" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">0.5</ix:nonFraction></span> million at July 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, which
are included in &#8220;Other current assets&#8221; in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" escape="true" id="Fact003202" name="us-gaap:CompensationAndEmployeeBenefitPlansOtherThanShareBasedCompensationTextBlock"><p id="xdx_809_eus-gaap--CompensationAndEmployeeBenefitPlansOtherThanShareBasedCompensationTextBlock_zrnMV4pv6IQf" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Note
25&#8212;<span id="xdx_820_z4O7W98EESeg">Defined Contribution Plans</span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company maintains a 401(k) Plan available to all employees meeting certain eligibility criteria. The plan permits participants to contribute
up to the maximum amount allowed by law. The plan provides for discretionary matching contributions that vest over the first five years
of employment. The plan permits discretionary matching contributions to be granted as of December 31 of each year. All contributions
made by participants vest immediately into the participant&#8217;s account. In fiscal 2024, fiscal 2023, and fiscal 2022, the Company&#8217;s
expense related to the plan was $<span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--DefinedContributionPlanCostRecognized_pn5n6_c20230801__20240731_zl2Jz3MdusJh" title="Defined contribution plan, cost"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DefinedContributionPlanCostRecognized" contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" id="Fact003204" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">1.0</ix:nonFraction></span> million, $<span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--DefinedContributionPlanCostRecognized_pn5n6_c20220801__20230731_z45csLoSAri7" title="Defined contribution plan, cost"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DefinedContributionPlanCostRecognized" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31" id="Fact003206" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">1.1</ix:nonFraction></span> million, and $<span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--DefinedContributionPlanCostRecognized_pn5n6_c20210801__20220731_zw209CvpSxvj" title="Defined contribution plan, cost"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DefinedContributionPlanCostRecognized" contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31" id="Fact003208" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD">1.0</ix:nonFraction></span> million, respectively. The Company&#8217;s Class A common stock
and Class B common stock are not investment options for the plan&#8217;s participants.</span></p>

</ix:nonNumeric><p id="xdx_81A_zE0z5fF52158" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-21.01
<SEQUENCE>2
<FILENAME>ex21-01.htm
<TEXT>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
     <TITLE></TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">

<P STYLE="margin-right: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-right: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: right; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-right: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Exhibit
21.01</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="margin-right: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="margin-right: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
accordance with SEC rules, the following is a list of IDT Corporation&rsquo;s (IDT) subsidiaries as of July 31, 2024, other than those
subsidiaries, considered in the aggregate as a single subsidiary, that would not constitute a &ldquo;significant subsidiary&rdquo; as
of July 31, 2024.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="margin-right: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="margin-right: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">This
list of subsidiaries will change from year-to-year as a result of changes in IDT and its subsidiaries&rsquo; results of operations and
financial condition, legal entity consolidations and any sales and other dispositions of IDT&rsquo;s subsidiaries. Accordingly, this
list is not representative of the total number of subsidiaries that IDT may have at any given time. &nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="margin-right: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="margin-right: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"></P>

<P STYLE="margin-right: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Domestic
Subsidiaries</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="margin-right: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="margin-right: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; white-space: nowrap; width: 50%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">IDT
    America, Corp. (NJ)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; white-space: nowrap; width: 50%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">IDT
    Payment Services, Inc*. (DE)</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; white-space: nowrap"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">IDT
    Domestic Telecom, Inc. (DE)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; white-space: nowrap"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">IDT
    Telecom, Inc. (DE)</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; white-space: nowrap"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">IDT
    Domestic-Union, LLC (DE)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; white-space: nowrap"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Net2Phone,
    Inc. (DE)</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; white-space: nowrap"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">IDT
    Financial Services, LLC (DE)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; white-space: nowrap"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Net2Phone
    Global Services, LLC (DE)</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; white-space: nowrap"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">IDT
    International Telecom, Inc. (DE)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; white-space: nowrap"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">National
    Retail Solutions, Inc. (DE)</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; white-space: nowrap"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">IDT
    Payment Services of New York, LLC (DE)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; white-space: nowrap"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="margin-right: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="margin-right: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">*IDT
Payment Services, Inc. has d/b/a - Boss Revolutions Money Transfers and Boss Money &nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="margin-right: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;
</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="margin-right: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Foreign
Subsidiaries</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="margin-right: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; white-space: nowrap; width: 50%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Name</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; white-space: nowrap; width: 50%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Country</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; white-space: nowrap"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">IDT
    Corporation de Argentina S.A.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; white-space: nowrap"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Argentina</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; white-space: nowrap"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">IDT
    Telecom Canada Corp.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; white-space: nowrap"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Canada</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; white-space: nowrap"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Versature
    Communications Corp.*</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; white-space: nowrap"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Canada</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; white-space: nowrap"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">IDT
    Guatemala S.A.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; white-space: nowrap"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Guatemala</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; white-space: nowrap"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">IDT
    Financial Services Limited</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; white-space: nowrap"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Gibraltar</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; white-space: nowrap"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">IDT
    Telecom Asia Pacific Limited</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; white-space: nowrap"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Hong
    Kong</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; white-space: nowrap"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Elmion
    Netherlands B.V.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; white-space: nowrap"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Netherlands</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; white-space: nowrap"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">IDT
    Dutch Holdings B.V.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; white-space: nowrap"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Netherlands</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; white-space: nowrap"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">IDT
    Global Limited</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; white-space: nowrap"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">United&nbsp;Kingdom</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; white-space: nowrap"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">IDT
    Retail Europe Limited</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; white-space: nowrap"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">United
    Kingdom</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="margin-right: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"></P>

<P STYLE="margin-right: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="margin-right: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">*Versature
Communications Corp. has registered Net2Phone Canada as a Trade Name</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-right: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-right: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-right: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-23.01
<SEQUENCE>3
<FILENAME>ex23-01.htm
<TEXT>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
     <TITLE></TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">

<P STYLE="text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Exhibit
23.01</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><U>CONSENT
OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM</U></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We have issued our reports dated October 15, 2024, with respect to
the consolidated financial statements and internal control over financial reporting included in the Annual Report of IDT Corporation on
Form 10-K for the year ended July 31, 2024. We consent to the incorporation by reference of said reports in the Registration Statements
of IDT Corporation on Forms S-3 (File No. 333-104286, File No. 333-115403, File No. 333-11910, File No. 333-119190, File No. 333-37141,
File No. 333-43501, File No. 333-45199, File No. 333-53719, File No. 333-61565, File No. 333-71991, File No. 333-77395, File No. 333-80133,
and File No. 333-86261) and Forms S-8 (File No. 333-100424, File No.333-105865, File No.333-110657, File No.333-116266, File No.333-130287,
File No. 333-130288, File No. 333-130562, File No. 333-146718, File No. 333-154257, File No.333-177247, File No. 333-19727, File No. 333-199299,
File No. 333-208447, File No. 333-214105, File No. 333-220982, File No. 333-42267, File No. 333-49150, File No. 333-63282, File No. 333-73167,
File No. 333-234168, File No. 333-260252, and File No. 333-275010).</FONT></P>

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    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 50%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>/s/
    GRANT THORNTON LLP</I></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 50%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">New
    York, New York</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">October
    15, 2024</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
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<TYPE>EX-31.01
<SEQUENCE>4
<FILENAME>ex31-01.htm
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: right">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Exhibit
31.01</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Certification
of Chief Executive Officer</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">pursuant
to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">I,
Shmuel Jonas, certify that:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1.</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">I
                                            have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K of IDT Corporation;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 48.95pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Based
                                            on my knowledge, this Report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or
                                            omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances
                                            under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered
                                            by this report;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 48.95pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3.</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Based
                                            on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this
                                            Report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations
                                            and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 48.95pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
                                            registrant&rsquo;s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and
                                            maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e)
                                            and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act
                                            Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 48.95pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1in"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Designed
                                            such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures
                                            to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the
                                            registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within
                                            those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 79.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1in"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Designed
                                            such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial
                                            reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding
                                            the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external
                                            purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 79.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1in"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(c)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Evaluated
                                            the effectiveness of the registrant&rsquo;s disclosure controls and procedures and presented
                                            in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures,
                                            as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 79.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1in"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(d)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Disclosed
                                            in this report any change in the registrant&rsquo;s internal control over financial reporting
                                            that occurred during the registrant&rsquo;s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant&rsquo;s
                                            fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is
                                            reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant&rsquo;s internal control over financial
                                            reporting; and</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 79.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">5.</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
                                            registrant&rsquo;s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent
                                            evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant&rsquo;s auditors
                                            and the audit committee of the registrant&rsquo;s board of directors (or persons performing
                                            the equivalent functions):</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 48.95pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1in"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">All
                                            significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control
                                            over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant&rsquo;s
                                            ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 79.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1in"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Any
                                            fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant
                                            role in the registrant&rsquo;s internal control over financial reporting.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 79.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Date:
October 15, 2024</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; width: 50%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>/s/
    Shmuel Jonas</I></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; width: 50%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Shmuel
    Jonas</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Chief
    Executive Officer</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>


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<TYPE>EX-31.02
<SEQUENCE>5
<FILENAME>ex31-02.htm
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Exhibit
31.02</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Certification
of Principal Financial Officer </B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>pursuant
to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 </B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">I,
Marcelo Fischer, certify that:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1.</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">I
                                            have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K of IDT Corporation;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 48.95pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Based
                                            on my knowledge, this Report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or
                                            omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances
                                            under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered
                                            by this report;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 48.95pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3.</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Based
                                            on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this
                                            Report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations
                                            and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 48.95pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
                                            registrant&rsquo;s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and
                                            maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e)
                                            and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act
                                            Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 48.95pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1in"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Designed
                                            such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures
                                            to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the
                                            registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within
                                            those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 79.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1in"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Designed
                                            such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial
                                            reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding
                                            the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external
                                            purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 79.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1in"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(c)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Evaluated
                                            the effectiveness of the registrant&rsquo;s disclosure controls and procedures and presented
                                            in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures,
                                            as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 79.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1in"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(d)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Disclosed
                                            in this report any change in the registrant&rsquo;s internal control over financial reporting
                                            that occurred during the registrant&rsquo;s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant&rsquo;s
                                            fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is
                                            reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant&rsquo;s internal control over financial
                                            reporting; and</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 79.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">5.</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
                                            registrant&rsquo;s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent
                                            evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant&rsquo;s auditors
                                            and the audit committee of the registrant&rsquo;s board of directors (or persons performing
                                            the equivalent functions):</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 48.95pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1in"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">All
                                            significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control
                                            over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant&rsquo;s
                                            ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 79.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1in"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Any
                                            fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant
                                            role in the registrant&rsquo;s internal control over financial reporting.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 79.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Date:
October 15, 2024</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; width: 50%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>/s/
    Marcelo Fischer</I></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center; width: 50%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Marcelo
    Fischer</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Chief
Financial Officer</B></FONT></P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(Principal
    Financial Officer)</B></FONT></P></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>


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<TYPE>EX-32.01
<SEQUENCE>6
<FILENAME>ex32-01.htm
<TEXT>
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</HEAD>
<BODY STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Exhibit
32.01</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>IDT
CORPORATION </B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Certification
Pursuant to </B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>18
U.S.C. Section 1350 </B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(as
Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of </B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>the
Sarbanes-Oxley Act Of 2002) </B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
connection with the Annual Report of IDT Corporation (the &ldquo;Company&rdquo;) on Form 10-K for fiscal 2024 as filed with the Securities
and Exchange Commission (the &ldquo;Report&rdquo;), I, Shmuel Jonas, Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18
U.S.C. &sect; 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to my knowledge:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1.</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
                                            Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange
                                            Act of 1934; and</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 48.95pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
                                            information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial
                                            condition and results of operations of the Company.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 48.95pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Date:
October 15, 2024</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; width: 50%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>/s/
    Shmuel Jonas</I></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; width: 50%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Shmuel
    Jonas</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Chief
    Executive Officer</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">A
signed original of this written statement required by Section 906, or other document authenticating, acknowledging, or otherwise adopting
the signature that appears in typed form within the electronic version of this written statement required by Section 906, has been provided
to IDT Corporation and will be retained by IDT Corporation and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon
request.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>


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<TYPE>EX-32.02
<SEQUENCE>7
<FILENAME>ex32-02.htm
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<BODY STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Exhibit
32.02</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>IDT
CORPORATION </B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Certification
Pursuant to </B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>18
U.S.C. Section 1350 </B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(as
Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of </B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>the
Sarbanes-Oxley Act Of 2002) </B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
connection with the Annual Report of IDT Corporation (the &ldquo;Company&rdquo;) on Form 10-K for fiscal 2024 as filed with the Securities
and Exchange Commission (the &ldquo;Report&rdquo;), I, Marcelo Fischer, Principal Financial Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant
to 18 U.S.C. &sect; 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to my knowledge:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1.</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
                                            Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange
                                            Act of 1934; and</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 48.95pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
                                            information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial
                                            condition and results of operations of the Company.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 48.95pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Date:
October 15, 2024</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; width: 50%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>/s/
    Marcelo Fischer</I></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center; width: 50%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Marcelo
    Fischer</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Chief
Financial Officer</B></FONT></P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(Principal
    Financial Officer)</B></FONT></P></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">A
signed original of this written statement required by Section 906, or other document authenticating, acknowledging, or otherwise adopting
the signature that appears in typed form within the electronic version of this written statement required by Section 906, has been provided
to IDT Corporation and will be retained by IDT Corporation and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon
request.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>


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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-97
<SEQUENCE>8
<FILENAME>ex97.htm
<TEXT>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
     <TITLE></TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Exhibit
97</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>&nbsp;</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I><IMG SRC="ex97_001.jpg" ALT="" STYLE="height: 220px; width: 150px"></I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Compensation
Clawback Policy</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: normal"><I>&nbsp;</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font: normal 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><I>Adopted
on October 26, 2023</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0pt"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>1.</B></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>PURPOSE
                                            AND SCOPE</B></FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">IDT
Corporation (the &ldquo;Company&rdquo;) has adopted this Compensation Clawback Policy (the &ldquo;Policy&rdquo;) to comply with Section
954 of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010 (&ldquo;Dodd-Frank&rdquo;), as codified by Section 10D of
the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the &ldquo;Exchange Act&rdquo;), and Section 303A.14 of the NYSE Listed Company Manual, which require
the recovery of certain forms of executive compensation in the case of accounting restatements resulting from a material error in an
issuer&rsquo;s financial statements. This Policy shall be administered by the Board of Directors of the Company (the &ldquo;Board&rdquo;)
or, if so designated by the Board, the Compensation Committee.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0pt"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>2.</B></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>EFFECTIVE
                                            DATE</B></FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">This
Policy shall be effective as of the date it is adopted by the Board and shall apply to Incentive-Based Compensation that is approved,
awarded, or granted to Covered Executives on or after that date. Subject to applicable law, recovery under this Policy may be effected
from any amount of compensation approved, awarded, granted, payable or paid to the Covered Executive prior to, on or after the effective
date.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0pt"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>3.</B></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>COVERED
                                            EXECUTIVES</B></FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">This
Policy applies to all of the Company&rsquo;s current and former executive officers, and such other employees who may from time to time
be deemed subject to this Policy by the Board (each, a &ldquo;Covered Executive&rdquo;). For purposes of this Policy, an executive officer
means an officer as defined in Rule 10D-1(d) under the Exchange Act.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0pt"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>4.</B></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>INCENTIVE-BASED
                                            COMPENSATION</B></FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">For
purposes of this Policy, the term &ldquo;Incentive-Based Compensation&rdquo; means any compensation that is granted, earned, or vested
based wholly or in part upon the attainment of a financial reporting measure. &ldquo;Financial reporting measures&rdquo; are measures
that are determined and presented in accordance with the accounting principles used in preparing the issuer&rsquo;s financial statements,
and any measures that are derived wholly or in part from such measures, including stock price and total stockholder return. For the avoidance
of doubt, Incentive-Based Compensation does not include annual salary, compensation awarded based on completion of a specified period
of service, or compensation awarded based on subjective standards, strategic measures, or operational measures.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0pt"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>5.</B></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>RECOVERY;
                                            ACCOUNTING RESTATEMENT</B></FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
the event the Company is required to prepare an accounting restatement of its financial statements due to material noncompliance with
any financial reporting requirement under the federal securities laws, including any required accounting restatement to correct an error
in previously issued financial statements that is material to the previously issued financial statements, or that would result in a material
misstatement if the error were corrected in the current period or left uncorrected in the current period (a &ldquo;Restatement&rdquo;),
the Company shall, as promptly as it reasonably can, recover any Incentive-Based Compensation received by a Covered Executive during
the three completed fiscal years immediately preceding the date on which the Company is required to prepare such Restatement (the &ldquo;Restatement
Date&rdquo;), so long as the Incentive-Based Compensation received by such Covered Executive is in excess of what would have been awarded
or vested after giving effect to the Restatement. The Restatement Date shall be the earlier of (i) the date the Company&rsquo;s board
of directors, a board committee, or officer(s) are authorized to take such action if board action is not required, concludes, or reasonably
should have concluded, that the issuer is required to prepare an accounting restatement due to the material noncompliance of the issuer
with any financial reporting requirement under the securities laws as described in Rule 10D-1(b)(1) under the Exchange Act or (ii) the
date a court, regulator, or other legally authorized body directs the issuer to prepare an accounting restatement. The amount to be recovered
will be the excess of the Incentive-Based Compensation paid to the Covered Executive based on the erroneous data in the original financial
statements over the Incentive-Based Compensation that would have been paid to the Covered Executive had it been based on the restated
results, without respect to any taxes paid.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Subsequent
changes in a Covered Executive&rsquo;s employment status, including retirement or termination of employment, do not affect the Company&rsquo;s
rights to recover Incentive-Based Compensation pursuant to this Policy. For purposes of this Policy, Incentive-Based Compensation shall
be deemed to have been received during the fiscal period in which the financial reporting measure specified in the award is attained,
even if such Incentive-Based Compensation is paid or granted after the end of such fiscal period.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">No
recovery shall be required in the case of a Board determination that the direct expense paid to a third party to assist in enforcing
this Policy would exceed the amount to be recovered. Such determination shall be made after a reasonable and documented attempt to recover
the Incentive-Based Compensation, which documentation shall be provided to the New York Stock Exchange.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Board or, if applicable, Compensation Committee shall determine, in its sole discretion, the method of recovering any Incentive-Based
Compensation pursuant to this Policy.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0pt"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>6.</B></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>NO
                                            INDEMNIFICATION</B></FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company shall not indemnify any current or former Covered Executive against the loss of erroneously awarded compensation, and shall not
pay, or reimburse any Covered Executives for premiums, for any insurance policy to fund such executive&rsquo;s potential recovery obligations.
Further, the Company shall not enter into any agreement that exempts any Incentive-based Compensation that is granted, paid or awarded
to an Executive Officer from the application of this Policy or that waives the Company&rsquo;s right to recovery of any erroneously awarded
compensation, and this Policy shall supersede any such agreement (whether entered into before, on or after the Effective Date of this
Policy).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Any
members of the Board who assist in the administration of this Policy shall not be personally liable for any action, determination or
interpretation made with respect to this Policy and shall be fully indemnified by the Company to the fullest extent under applicable
law and Company policy with respect to any such action, determination or interpretation. The foregoing sentence shall not limit any other
rights to indemnification of the members of the Board under applicable law or Company policy.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0pt"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>7.</B></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>AMENDMENT
                                            AND INTERPRETATION</B></FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Board may amend this Policy from time to time in its discretion, and shall amend this Policy as it deems necessary to reflect the regulations
adopted by the SEC and to comply with any rules or standards adopted by a national securities exchange on which the Company&rsquo;s securities
are then listed. It is intended that this Policy be interpreted in a manner that is consistent with the requirements of Section 10D of
the Exchange Act, Section 303A.14 of the NYSE Listed Company Manual, and any applicable rules or standards adopted by the SEC and any
national securities exchange on which the Company&rsquo;s securities are then listed.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0pt"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>8.</B></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>OTHER
                                            RECOUPMENT RIGHTS; COMPANY CLAIMS</B></FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Board intends that this Policy shall be applied to the fullest extent of the law. Any right of recoupment under this Policy is in addition
to, and not in lieu of, any other remedies or rights of recoupment that may be available to the Company under applicable law or pursuant
to the terms of any similar policy in any employment agreement, equity award agreement, or similar agreement and any other legal remedies
available to the Company.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Nothing
contained in this Policy, and no recoupment or recovery as contemplated by this Policy, shall limit any claims, damages or other legal
remedies the Company or any of its affiliates may have against a Covered Executive arising out of or resulting from any actions or omissions
by the Covered Executive.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0pt"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>9.</B></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>SUCCESSORS</B></FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">This
Policy shall be binding and enforceable against all Covered Executives and their beneficiaries, heirs, executors, administrators or other
legal representatives.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0pt"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>10.</B></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>EXHIBIT
                                            FILING REQUIREMENT</B></FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">A
copy of this Policy and any amendments thereto shall be posted on the Company&rsquo;s website and filed with the Securities and Exchange
Commission as an exhibit to the Company&rsquo;s annual report on Form 10-K.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;<IMG SRC="ex97_001.jpg" ALT="" STYLE="height: 220px; width: 150px"></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Compensation
Clawback Policy Acknowledgment</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>&nbsp;</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>[To
Be Signed by the Company&rsquo;s Executive Officers]</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>&nbsp;</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">I,
the undersigned, agree and acknowledge that I am fully bound by, and subject to, all of the terms and conditions of IDT Corporation&rsquo;s
Compensation Clawback Policy (as may be amended, restated, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time, the &ldquo;Policy&rdquo;).
In the event of any inconsistency between the Policy and the terms of any employment agreement to which I am a party, or the terms of
any compensation plan, program or agreement under which any compensation has been granted, awarded, earned or paid, the terms of the
Policy shall govern. In the event it is determined pursuant to the Policy that any amounts granted, awarded, earned or paid to me must
be forfeited or reimbursed to the Company, I will promptly take any action necessary to effectuate such forfeiture and/or reimbursement.
Any capitalized terms used in this Acknowledgment without definition shall have the meaning set forth in the Policy.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left">
  <TD STYLE="width: 12%">By:</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 38%">&nbsp;</TD>
  <TD STYLE="width: 2%"></TD>
  <TD STYLE="width: 5%">Date:</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 43%"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left">
  <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
  <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
  <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left">
  <TD>Print
Name:</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
  <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
  <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

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</schema>
</XBRL>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-101.CAL
<SEQUENCE>12
<FILENAME>idt-20240731_cal.xml
<DESCRIPTION>XBRL CALCULATION FILE
<TEXT>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Class of Stock [Axis]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_CommonClassBMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonClassBMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CommonClassBMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Common Class B [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_CommonClassAMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonClassAMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CommonClassAMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_CommonClassAMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonClassAMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Common Class A [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Statement of Income Location, Balance [Axis]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpensesMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpensesMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpensesMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpensesMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpensesMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Selling, General and Administrative Expenses [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240731.xsd#IDT_TechnologyAndDevelopmentExpenseMember" xlink:label="IDT_TechnologyAndDevelopmentExpenseMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_TechnologyAndDevelopmentExpenseMember" xlink:to="IDT_TechnologyAndDevelopmentExpenseMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_TechnologyAndDevelopmentExpenseMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Technology and Development Expense [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Equity Components [Axis]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_CommonStockMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CommonStockMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_CommonStockMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Common Stock [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Additional Paid-in Capital [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_TreasuryStockCommonMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_TreasuryStockCommonMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_TreasuryStockCommonMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_TreasuryStockCommonMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_TreasuryStockCommonMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Treasury Stock, Common [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">AOCI Attributable to Parent [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_RetainedEarningsMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_RetainedEarningsMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_RetainedEarningsMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_RetainedEarningsMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_RetainedEarningsMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Retained Earnings [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_NoncontrollingInterestMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_NoncontrollingInterestMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_NoncontrollingInterestMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_NoncontrollingInterestMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_NoncontrollingInterestMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Noncontrolling Interest [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2024/elts/srt-2024.xsd#srt_OwnershipAxis" xlink:label="srt_OwnershipAxis" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="srt_OwnershipAxis" xlink:to="srt_OwnershipAxis_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="srt_OwnershipAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Ownership [Axis]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240731.xsd#IDT_NetTwophoneTwoZeroIncMember" xlink:label="IDT_NetTwophoneTwoZeroIncMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_NetTwophoneTwoZeroIncMember" xlink:to="IDT_NetTwophoneTwoZeroIncMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_NetTwophoneTwoZeroIncMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">net2phone 2.0, Inc. [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240731.xsd#IDT_NationalRetailSolutionsMember" xlink:label="IDT_NationalRetailSolutionsMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_NationalRetailSolutionsMember" xlink:to="IDT_NationalRetailSolutionsMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_NationalRetailSolutionsMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">National Retail Solutions [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Long-Lived Tangible Asset [Axis]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_EquipmentMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_EquipmentMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_EquipmentMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_EquipmentMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_EquipmentMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Equipment [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2024/elts/srt-2024.xsd#srt_RangeAxis" xlink:label="srt_RangeAxis" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="srt_RangeAxis" xlink:to="srt_RangeAxis_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="srt_RangeAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Statistical Measurement [Axis]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2024/elts/srt-2024.xsd#srt_MinimumMember" xlink:label="srt_MinimumMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="srt_MinimumMember" xlink:to="srt_MinimumMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="srt_MinimumMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Minimum [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2024/elts/srt-2024.xsd#srt_MaximumMember" xlink:label="srt_MaximumMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="srt_MaximumMember" xlink:to="srt_MaximumMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="srt_MaximumMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Maximum [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240731.xsd#IDT_ComputerSoftwareMember" xlink:label="IDT_ComputerSoftwareMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_ComputerSoftwareMember" xlink:to="IDT_ComputerSoftwareMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_ComputerSoftwareMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Computer Software [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_FurnitureAndFixturesMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_FurnitureAndFixturesMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_FurnitureAndFixturesMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_FurnitureAndFixturesMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_FurnitureAndFixturesMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Furniture and Fixtures [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_SoftwareAndSoftwareDevelopmentCostsMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_SoftwareAndSoftwareDevelopmentCostsMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SoftwareAndSoftwareDevelopmentCostsMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_SoftwareAndSoftwareDevelopmentCostsMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_SoftwareAndSoftwareDevelopmentCostsMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Software and Software Development Costs [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Concentration Risk Benchmark [Axis]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_SalesRevenueNetMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_SalesRevenueNetMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SalesRevenueNetMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_SalesRevenueNetMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_SalesRevenueNetMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Revenue Benchmark [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Concentration Risk Type [Axis]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_CustomerConcentrationRiskMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_CustomerConcentrationRiskMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CustomerConcentrationRiskMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Customer Concentration Risk [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_AccountsReceivableMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccountsReceivableMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccountsReceivableMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccountsReceivableMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccountsReceivableMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Accounts Receivable [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2024/elts/srt-2024.xsd#srt_RestatementAxis" xlink:label="srt_RestatementAxis" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="srt_RestatementAxis" xlink:to="srt_RestatementAxis_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="srt_RestatementAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Revision of Prior Period [Axis]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2024/elts/srt-2024.xsd#srt_ScenarioPreviouslyReportedMember" xlink:label="srt_ScenarioPreviouslyReportedMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="srt_ScenarioPreviouslyReportedMember" xlink:to="srt_ScenarioPreviouslyReportedMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="srt_ScenarioPreviouslyReportedMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Previously Reported [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2024/elts/srt-2024.xsd#srt_ProductOrServiceAxis" xlink:label="srt_ProductOrServiceAxis" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="srt_ProductOrServiceAxis" xlink:to="srt_ProductOrServiceAxis_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="srt_ProductOrServiceAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Product and Service [Axis]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240731.xsd#IDT_DirectCostOfRevenuesMember" xlink:label="IDT_DirectCostOfRevenuesMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_DirectCostOfRevenuesMember" xlink:to="IDT_DirectCostOfRevenuesMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_DirectCostOfRevenuesMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Direct Cost of Revenues [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Segments [Axis]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240731.xsd#IDT_FintechMember" xlink:label="IDT_FintechMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_FintechMember" xlink:to="IDT_FintechMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_FintechMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Fintech [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240731.xsd#IDT_Net2phoneMember" xlink:label="IDT_Net2phoneMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_Net2phoneMember" xlink:to="IDT_Net2phoneMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_Net2phoneMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Net2 phone [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240731.xsd#IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsMember" xlink:label="IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsMember" xlink:to="IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Traditional Communications [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_CorporateMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_CorporateMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CorporateMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_CorporateMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CorporateMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Corporate Segment [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2024/elts/srt-2024.xsd#srt_StatementGeographicalAxis" xlink:label="srt_StatementGeographicalAxis" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="srt_StatementGeographicalAxis" xlink:to="srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Geographical [Axis]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/country/2024/country-2024.xsd#country_US" xlink:label="country_US" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="country_US" xlink:to="country_US_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="country_US_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">UNITED STATES</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240731.xsd#IDT_OtherCountriesMember" xlink:label="IDT_OtherCountriesMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_OtherCountriesMember" xlink:to="IDT_OtherCountriesMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_OtherCountriesMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Other Countries [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240731.xsd#IDT_BOSSRevolutionMoneyTransferMember" xlink:label="IDT_BOSSRevolutionMoneyTransferMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_BOSSRevolutionMoneyTransferMember" xlink:to="IDT_BOSSRevolutionMoneyTransferMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_BOSSRevolutionMoneyTransferMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">BOSS Revolution Money Transfer [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240731.xsd#IDT_OtherMember" xlink:label="IDT_OtherMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_OtherMember" xlink:to="IDT_OtherMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_OtherMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Other [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240731.xsd#IDT_IDTDigitalPaymentsMember" xlink:label="IDT_IDTDigitalPaymentsMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_IDTDigitalPaymentsMember" xlink:to="IDT_IDTDigitalPaymentsMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_IDTDigitalPaymentsMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">IDT Digital Payments [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240731.xsd#IDT_BOSSRevolutionMember" xlink:label="IDT_BOSSRevolutionMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_BOSSRevolutionMember" xlink:to="IDT_BOSSRevolutionMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_BOSSRevolutionMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">BOSS Revolution [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240731.xsd#IDT_IDTGlobalMember" xlink:label="IDT_IDTGlobalMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_IDTGlobalMember" xlink:to="IDT_IDTGlobalMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_IDTGlobalMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">IDT Global [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/country/2024/country-2024.xsd#country_GB" xlink:label="country_GB" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="country_GB" xlink:to="country_GB_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="country_GB_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">UNITED KINGDOM</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240731.xsd#IDT_OthersMember" xlink:label="IDT_OthersMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_OthersMember" xlink:to="IDT_OthersMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_OthersMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Others [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_NonUsMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_NonUsMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_NonUsMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_NonUsMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_NonUsMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Non-US [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_GeographicDistributionAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_GeographicDistributionAxis" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_GeographicDistributionAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_GeographicDistributionAxis_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_GeographicDistributionAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Geographic Distribution [Axis]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240731.xsd#IDT_NewarkMember" xlink:label="IDT_NewarkMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_NewarkMember" xlink:to="IDT_NewarkMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_NewarkMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Newark [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Related and Nonrelated Parties [Axis]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240731.xsd#IDT_RafaelHoldingsIncMember" xlink:label="IDT_RafaelHoldingsIncMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_RafaelHoldingsIncMember" xlink:to="IDT_RafaelHoldingsIncMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_RafaelHoldingsIncMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Rafael Holdings Inc [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240731.xsd#IDT_IDTFinancialServicesLimitedMember" xlink:label="IDT_IDTFinancialServicesLimitedMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_IDTFinancialServicesLimitedMember" xlink:to="IDT_IDTFinancialServicesLimitedMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_IDTFinancialServicesLimitedMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">IDT Financial Services Limited [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240731.xsd#IDT_IDTPaymentServicesMember" xlink:label="IDT_IDTPaymentServicesMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_IDTPaymentServicesMember" xlink:to="IDT_IDTPaymentServicesMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_IDTPaymentServicesMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">IDT Payment Services [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_BusinessAcquisitionAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_BusinessAcquisitionAxis" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_BusinessAcquisitionAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_BusinessAcquisitionAxis_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_BusinessAcquisitionAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Business Acquisition [Axis]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240731.xsd#IDT_IntegraCCSMember" xlink:label="IDT_IntegraCCSMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_IntegraCCSMember" xlink:to="IDT_IntegraCCSMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_IntegraCCSMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Integra CCS [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_LegalEntityAxis" xlink:label="dei_LegalEntityAxis" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_LegalEntityAxis" xlink:to="dei_LegalEntityAxis_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_LegalEntityAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Legal Entity [Axis]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240731.xsd#IDT_IDTInternationalTelecomIncMember" xlink:label="IDT_IDTInternationalTelecomIncMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_IDTInternationalTelecomIncMember" xlink:to="IDT_IDTInternationalTelecomIncMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_IDTInternationalTelecomIncMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">IDT International Telecom, Inc [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240731.xsd#IDT_LeafGlobalFintechCorporationMember" xlink:label="IDT_LeafGlobalFintechCorporationMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_LeafGlobalFintechCorporationMember" xlink:to="IDT_LeafGlobalFintechCorporationMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_LeafGlobalFintechCorporationMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Leaf Global Fintech Corporation [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Finite-Lived Intangible Assets by Major Class [Axis]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_CustomerRelationshipsMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_CustomerRelationshipsMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CustomerRelationshipsMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_CustomerRelationshipsMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CustomerRelationshipsMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Customer Relationships [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_TradeNamesMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_TradeNamesMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_TradeNamesMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_TradeNamesMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_TradeNamesMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Trade Names [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_NoncompeteAgreementsMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_NoncompeteAgreementsMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_NoncompeteAgreementsMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_NoncompeteAgreementsMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_NoncompeteAgreementsMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Noncompete Agreements [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Debt Security Category [Axis]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">US Treasury Bill Securities [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_USGovernmentSponsoredEnterprisesDebtSecuritiesMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_USGovernmentSponsoredEnterprisesDebtSecuritiesMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_USGovernmentSponsoredEnterprisesDebtSecuritiesMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_USGovernmentSponsoredEnterprisesDebtSecuritiesMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_USGovernmentSponsoredEnterprisesDebtSecuritiesMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">US Government-sponsored Enterprises Debt Securities [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_CorporateBondSecuritiesMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_CorporateBondSecuritiesMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CorporateBondSecuritiesMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Corporate Bond Securities [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_CertificatesOfDepositMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_CertificatesOfDepositMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CertificatesOfDepositMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_CertificatesOfDepositMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CertificatesOfDepositMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Certificates of Deposit [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_MunicipalBondsMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_MunicipalBondsMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_MunicipalBondsMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_MunicipalBondsMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_MunicipalBondsMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Municipal Bonds [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240731.xsd#IDT_GovernmentSponsoredEnterpriseNotesMember" xlink:label="IDT_GovernmentSponsoredEnterpriseNotesMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_GovernmentSponsoredEnterpriseNotesMember" xlink:to="IDT_GovernmentSponsoredEnterpriseNotesMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_GovernmentSponsoredEnterpriseNotesMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Government Sponsored Enterprise Notes [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240731.xsd#IDT_ZedgeIncMember" xlink:label="IDT_ZedgeIncMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_ZedgeIncMember" xlink:to="IDT_ZedgeIncMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_ZedgeIncMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Zedge Inc [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_InvestmentTypeAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_InvestmentTypeAxis" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_InvestmentTypeAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_InvestmentTypeAxis_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_InvestmentTypeAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Investment Type [Axis]</link:label>
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_OtherMarketableEquitySecuritiesMember" xlink:to="IDT_OtherMarketableEquitySecuritiesMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_OtherMarketableEquitySecuritiesMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Other Marketable Equity Securities [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_MutualFundMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_MutualFundMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_MutualFundMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_MutualFundMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_MutualFundMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Mutual Fund [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240731.xsd#IDT_SeriesCConvertiblePreferredStockMember" xlink:label="IDT_SeriesCConvertiblePreferredStockMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_SeriesCConvertiblePreferredStockMember" xlink:to="IDT_SeriesCConvertiblePreferredStockMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_SeriesCConvertiblePreferredStockMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Series C Convertible Preferred Stock [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240731.xsd#IDT_VisaIncMember" xlink:label="IDT_VisaIncMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_VisaIncMember" xlink:to="IDT_VisaIncMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_VisaIncMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Visa Inc [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240731.xsd#IDT_SeriesAConvertiblePreferredStockMember" xlink:label="IDT_SeriesAConvertiblePreferredStockMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_SeriesAConvertiblePreferredStockMember" xlink:to="IDT_SeriesAConvertiblePreferredStockMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_SeriesAConvertiblePreferredStockMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Series A Convertible Preferred Stock [Member]</link:label>
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ConvertiblePreferredStockMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_ConvertiblePreferredStockMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConvertiblePreferredStockMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Convertible Preferred Stock [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_HedgeFundsMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_HedgeFundsMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_HedgeFundsMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_HedgeFundsMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_HedgeFundsMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Hedge Funds [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_OtherInvestmentsMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherInvestmentsMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherInvestmentsMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherInvestmentsMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherInvestmentsMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Other Investments [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240731.xsd#IDT_VisaSeriesAConvertibleParticipatingPreferredStockMember" xlink:label="IDT_VisaSeriesAConvertibleParticipatingPreferredStockMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_VisaSeriesAConvertibleParticipatingPreferredStockMember" xlink:to="IDT_VisaSeriesAConvertibleParticipatingPreferredStockMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_VisaSeriesAConvertibleParticipatingPreferredStockMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Visa Series A Convertible Participating Preferred Stock [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240731.xsd#IDT_VisaClassACommonStockMember" xlink:label="IDT_VisaClassACommonStockMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_VisaClassACommonStockMember" xlink:to="IDT_VisaClassACommonStockMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_VisaClassACommonStockMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Visa Class A Common Stock [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240731.xsd#IDT_RegalBancorpMember" xlink:label="IDT_RegalBancorpMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_RegalBancorpMember" xlink:to="IDT_RegalBancorpMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_RegalBancorpMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Regal Bancorp [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2024/elts/srt-2024.xsd#srt_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis" xlink:label="srt_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="srt_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis" xlink:to="srt_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="srt_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Investment, Name [Axis]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240731.xsd#IDT_EquityMethodInvestmentMember" xlink:label="IDT_EquityMethodInvestmentMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_EquityMethodInvestmentMember" xlink:to="IDT_EquityMethodInvestmentMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_EquityMethodInvestmentMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Equity Method Investment [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240731.xsd#IDT_EMIPreferredStockMember" xlink:label="IDT_EMIPreferredStockMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_EMIPreferredStockMember" xlink:to="IDT_EMIPreferredStockMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_EMIPreferredStockMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">EMI Preferred Stock [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_PreferredStockMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_PreferredStockMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PreferredStockMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_PreferredStockMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PreferredStockMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Preferred Stock [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240731.xsd#IDT_RafaelClassBCommonStockMember" xlink:label="IDT_RafaelClassBCommonStockMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_RafaelClassBCommonStockMember" xlink:to="IDT_RafaelClassBCommonStockMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_RafaelClassBCommonStockMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Rafael Class B Common Stock [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240731.xsd#IDT_ZedgeClassBCommonStockMember" xlink:label="IDT_ZedgeClassBCommonStockMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_ZedgeClassBCommonStockMember" xlink:to="IDT_ZedgeClassBCommonStockMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_ZedgeClassBCommonStockMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Zedge Class B Common Stock [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_EquityMethodInvesteeMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_EquityMethodInvesteeMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_EquityMethodInvesteeMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_EquityMethodInvesteeMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_EquityMethodInvesteeMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Equity Method Investee [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Fair Value Hierarchy and NAV [Axis]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel1Member" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel1Member" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel1Member" xlink:to="us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel1Member_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel1Member_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Measurement Frequency [Axis]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Fair Value, Recurring [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel2Member" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel2Member" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel2Member" xlink:to="us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel2Member_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel2Member_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel3Member" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel3Member" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel3Member" xlink:to="us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel3Member_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel3Member_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Other Operating Income (Expense) [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets [Axis]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2024/elts/srt-2024.xsd#srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis" xlink:label="srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis" xlink:to="srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Consolidated Entities [Axis]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Variable Interest Entity, Primary Beneficiary [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_RelatedPartyMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_RelatedPartyMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_RelatedPartyMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_RelatedPartyMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_RelatedPartyMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Related Party [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeTaxAuthorityNameAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxAuthorityNameAxis" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeTaxAuthorityNameAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncomeTaxAuthorityNameAxis_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxAuthorityNameAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Income Tax Authority, Name [Axis]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240731.xsd#IDT_NewJerseyEconomicDevelopmentAuthorityMember" xlink:label="IDT_NewJerseyEconomicDevelopmentAuthorityMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_NewJerseyEconomicDevelopmentAuthorityMember" xlink:to="IDT_NewJerseyEconomicDevelopmentAuthorityMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_NewJerseyEconomicDevelopmentAuthorityMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">New Jersey Economic Development Authority [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240731.xsd#IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsSegmentMember" xlink:label="IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsSegmentMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsSegmentMember" xlink:to="IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsSegmentMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsSegmentMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Traditional Communications Segment [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_TypeOfArrangementAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_TypeOfArrangementAxis" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_TypeOfArrangementAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_TypeOfArrangementAxis_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_TypeOfArrangementAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Collaborative Arrangement and Arrangement Other than Collaborative [Axis]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240731.xsd#IDT_IndemnificationAgreementMember" xlink:label="IDT_IndemnificationAgreementMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_IndemnificationAgreementMember" xlink:to="IDT_IndemnificationAgreementMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_IndemnificationAgreementMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Indemnification Agreement [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Credit Facility [Axis]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_RevolvingCreditFacilityMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_RevolvingCreditFacilityMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_RevolvingCreditFacilityMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_RevolvingCreditFacilityMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_RevolvingCreditFacilityMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Revolving Credit Facility [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityAxis" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityAxis_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Lender Name [Axis]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240731.xsd#IDT_TDBankMember" xlink:label="IDT_TDBankMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_TDBankMember" xlink:to="IDT_TDBankMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_TDBankMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">TD Bank [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240731.xsd#IDT_IDTTelecomMember" xlink:label="IDT_IDTTelecomMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_IDTTelecomMember" xlink:to="IDT_IDTTelecomMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_IDTTelecomMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">IDT Telecom [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeAxis" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeAxis_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Subsequent Event Type [Axis]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Subsequent Event [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2024/elts/srt-2024.xsd#srt_SubsidiariesMember" xlink:label="srt_SubsidiariesMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="srt_SubsidiariesMember" xlink:to="srt_SubsidiariesMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="srt_SubsidiariesMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Subsidiaries [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_ValuationAllowancesAndReservesTypeAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_ValuationAllowancesAndReservesTypeAxis" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ValuationAllowancesAndReservesTypeAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_ValuationAllowancesAndReservesTypeAxis_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ValuationAllowancesAndReservesTypeAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">SEC Schedule, 12-09, Valuation Allowances and Reserves Type [Axis]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240731.xsd#IDT_ValuationAllowanceUtilizedFutureExpenseMember" xlink:label="IDT_ValuationAllowanceUtilizedFutureExpenseMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_ValuationAllowanceUtilizedFutureExpenseMember" xlink:to="IDT_ValuationAllowanceUtilizedFutureExpenseMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_ValuationAllowanceUtilizedFutureExpenseMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Valuation Allowance Utilized Future Expense [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240731.xsd#IDT_CommonClassAandBMember" xlink:label="IDT_CommonClassAandBMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_CommonClassAandBMember" xlink:to="IDT_CommonClassAandBMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_CommonClassAandBMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Class A And Class B Common Stock[Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_DividendsAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_DividendsAxis" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DividendsAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_DividendsAxis_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DividendsAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Dividends [Axis]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240731.xsd#IDT_O2024Q2DividendsMember" xlink:label="IDT_O2024Q2DividendsMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_O2024Q2DividendsMember" xlink:to="IDT_O2024Q2DividendsMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_O2024Q2DividendsMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">2024 Q2 Dividends [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240731.xsd#IDT_ClassBCommonStockMember" xlink:label="IDT_ClassBCommonStockMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_ClassBCommonStockMember" xlink:to="IDT_ClassBCommonStockMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_ClassBCommonStockMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Class B Common Stock [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2024/elts/srt-2024.xsd#srt_TitleOfIndividualAxis" xlink:label="srt_TitleOfIndividualAxis" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="srt_TitleOfIndividualAxis" xlink:to="srt_TitleOfIndividualAxis_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="srt_TitleOfIndividualAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Title and Position [Axis]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240731.xsd#IDT_EmployeesMember" xlink:label="IDT_EmployeesMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_EmployeesMember" xlink:to="IDT_EmployeesMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_EmployeesMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Employees [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Sale of Stock [Axis]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240731.xsd#IDT_NRSAndDSUMember" xlink:label="IDT_NRSAndDSUMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_NRSAndDSUMember" xlink:to="IDT_NRSAndDSUMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_NRSAndDSUMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">NRS And DSU [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240731.xsd#IDT_NRSMember" xlink:label="IDT_NRSMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_NRSMember" xlink:to="IDT_NRSMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_NRSMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">NRS [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2024/elts/srt-2024.xsd#srt_ExecutiveOfficerMember" xlink:label="srt_ExecutiveOfficerMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="srt_ExecutiveOfficerMember" xlink:to="srt_ExecutiveOfficerMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="srt_ExecutiveOfficerMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Executive Officer [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240731.xsd#IDT_TwoThousandTwentyFourEquityIncentivePlanMember" xlink:label="IDT_TwoThousandTwentyFourEquityIncentivePlanMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_TwoThousandTwentyFourEquityIncentivePlanMember" xlink:to="IDT_TwoThousandTwentyFourEquityIncentivePlanMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_TwoThousandTwentyFourEquityIncentivePlanMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">2024 Equity Incentive Plan [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240731.xsd#IDT_TwoThousandFifteenStockOptionAndIncentivePlanMember" xlink:label="IDT_TwoThousandFifteenStockOptionAndIncentivePlanMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_TwoThousandFifteenStockOptionAndIncentivePlanMember" xlink:to="IDT_TwoThousandFifteenStockOptionAndIncentivePlanMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_TwoThousandFifteenStockOptionAndIncentivePlanMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">2015 Stock Option and Incentive Plan [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_FinancialInstrumentAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_FinancialInstrumentAxis" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_FinancialInstrumentAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_FinancialInstrumentAxis_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_FinancialInstrumentAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Financial Instrument [Axis]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_StockOptionMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockOptionMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockOptionMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockOptionMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockOptionMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Equity Option [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240731.xsd#IDT_HowardSJonasMember" xlink:label="IDT_HowardSJonasMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_HowardSJonasMember" xlink:to="IDT_HowardSJonasMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_HowardSJonasMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Howard S Jonas [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Award Type [Axis]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_RestrictedStockMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_RestrictedStockMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_RestrictedStockMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_RestrictedStockMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_RestrictedStockMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Restricted Stock [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_AwardDateAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_AwardDateAxis" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AwardDateAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_AwardDateAxis_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AwardDateAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Award Date [Axis]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240731.xsd#IDT_FebruaryTwentyFiveTwoThousandTwentyFiveMember" xlink:label="IDT_FebruaryTwentyFiveTwoThousandTwentyFiveMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_FebruaryTwentyFiveTwoThousandTwentyFiveMember" xlink:to="IDT_FebruaryTwentyFiveTwoThousandTwentyFiveMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_FebruaryTwentyFiveTwoThousandTwentyFiveMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">February 25, 2025 [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240731.xsd#IDT_DeferredStockUnitsMember" xlink:label="IDT_DeferredStockUnitsMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_DeferredStockUnitsMember" xlink:to="IDT_DeferredStockUnitsMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_DeferredStockUnitsMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Deferred Stock Units [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240731.xsd#IDT_BoardOfDirectorsMember" xlink:label="IDT_BoardOfDirectorsMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_BoardOfDirectorsMember" xlink:to="IDT_BoardOfDirectorsMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_BoardOfDirectorsMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Board of Directors [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2024/elts/srt-2024.xsd#srt_StatementScenarioAxis" xlink:label="srt_StatementScenarioAxis" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="srt_StatementScenarioAxis" xlink:to="srt_StatementScenarioAxis_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="srt_StatementScenarioAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Scenario [Axis]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2024/elts/srt-2024.xsd#srt_ScenarioForecastMember" xlink:label="srt_ScenarioForecastMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="srt_ScenarioForecastMember" xlink:to="srt_ScenarioForecastMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="srt_ScenarioForecastMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Forecast [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240731.xsd#IDT_AmendedAndRestatedEmploymentAgreementMember" xlink:label="IDT_AmendedAndRestatedEmploymentAgreementMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_AmendedAndRestatedEmploymentAgreementMember" xlink:to="IDT_AmendedAndRestatedEmploymentAgreementMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_AmendedAndRestatedEmploymentAgreementMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Amended And Restated Employment Agreement [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240731.xsd#IDT_BillPereiraMember" xlink:label="IDT_BillPereiraMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_BillPereiraMember" xlink:to="IDT_BillPereiraMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_BillPereiraMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Bill Pereira [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240731.xsd#IDT_EmployeeMember" xlink:label="IDT_EmployeeMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_EmployeeMember" xlink:to="IDT_EmployeeMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_EmployeeMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Employee [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240731.xsd#IDT_NRSCommonClassBMember" xlink:label="IDT_NRSCommonClassBMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_NRSCommonClassBMember" xlink:to="IDT_NRSCommonClassBMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_NRSCommonClassBMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">NRS Common Class B [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240731.xsd#IDT_NetTwoPhoneIncMember" xlink:label="IDT_NetTwoPhoneIncMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_NetTwoPhoneIncMember" xlink:to="IDT_NetTwoPhoneIncMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_NetTwoPhoneIncMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Net2phone, Inc. [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Option [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_AccumulatedNetUnrealizedInvestmentGainLossMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccumulatedNetUnrealizedInvestmentGainLossMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccumulatedNetUnrealizedInvestmentGainLossMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccumulatedNetUnrealizedInvestmentGainLossMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccumulatedNetUnrealizedInvestmentGainLossMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">AOCI, Accumulated Gain (Loss), Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Parent [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_AccumulatedTranslationAdjustmentMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccumulatedTranslationAdjustmentMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccumulatedTranslationAdjustmentMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccumulatedTranslationAdjustmentMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccumulatedTranslationAdjustmentMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Accumulated Foreign Currency Adjustment Attributable to Parent [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240731.xsd#IDT_FederalTelecommunicationsRelayServicesFundMember" xlink:label="IDT_FederalTelecommunicationsRelayServicesFundMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_FederalTelecommunicationsRelayServicesFundMember" xlink:to="IDT_FederalTelecommunicationsRelayServicesFundMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_FederalTelecommunicationsRelayServicesFundMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Federal Telecommunications Relay Services Fund [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240731.xsd#IDT_RafaelSpinOffMember" xlink:label="IDT_RafaelSpinOffMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_RafaelSpinOffMember" xlink:to="IDT_RafaelSpinOffMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_RafaelSpinOffMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Rafael Spin Off [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240731.xsd#IDT_GenieAndSubsidiarieMember" xlink:label="IDT_GenieAndSubsidiarieMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_GenieAndSubsidiarieMember" xlink:to="IDT_GenieAndSubsidiarieMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_GenieAndSubsidiarieMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Genie and Subsidiarie [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240731.xsd#IDT_JonasMember" xlink:label="IDT_JonasMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_JonasMember" xlink:to="IDT_JonasMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_JonasMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Jonas Media Group [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionAxis" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionAxis_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Related Party Transaction [Axis]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240731.xsd#IDT_MasonAndCompanyConsultingMember" xlink:label="IDT_MasonAndCompanyConsultingMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_MasonAndCompanyConsultingMember" xlink:to="IDT_MasonAndCompanyConsultingMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_MasonAndCompanyConsultingMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Mason and Co [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_StatementTable" xlink:label="us-gaap_StatementTable" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementTable" xlink:to="us-gaap_StatementTable_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_StatementTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Statement [Table]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_StatementLineItems" xlink:label="us-gaap_StatementLineItems" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_StatementLineItems_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_StatementLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Statement [Line Items]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_DocumentType" xlink:label="dei_DocumentType" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentType" xlink:to="dei_DocumentType_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentType_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Type</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_AmendmentFlag" xlink:label="dei_AmendmentFlag" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_AmendmentFlag" xlink:to="dei_AmendmentFlag_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_AmendmentFlag_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Amendment Flag</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_AmendmentDescription" xlink:label="dei_AmendmentDescription" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_AmendmentDescription" xlink:to="dei_AmendmentDescription_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_AmendmentDescription_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Amendment Description</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_DocumentRegistrationStatement" xlink:label="dei_DocumentRegistrationStatement" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentRegistrationStatement" xlink:to="dei_DocumentRegistrationStatement_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentRegistrationStatement_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Registration Statement</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_DocumentAnnualReport" xlink:label="dei_DocumentAnnualReport" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentAnnualReport" xlink:to="dei_DocumentAnnualReport_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentAnnualReport_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Annual Report</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_DocumentQuarterlyReport" xlink:label="dei_DocumentQuarterlyReport" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentQuarterlyReport" xlink:to="dei_DocumentQuarterlyReport_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentQuarterlyReport_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Quarterly Report</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_DocumentTransitionReport" xlink:label="dei_DocumentTransitionReport" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentTransitionReport" xlink:to="dei_DocumentTransitionReport_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentTransitionReport_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Transition Report</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_DocumentShellCompanyReport" xlink:label="dei_DocumentShellCompanyReport" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentShellCompanyReport" xlink:to="dei_DocumentShellCompanyReport_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentShellCompanyReport_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Shell Company Report</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_DocumentShellCompanyEventDate" xlink:label="dei_DocumentShellCompanyEventDate" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentShellCompanyEventDate" xlink:to="dei_DocumentShellCompanyEventDate_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentShellCompanyEventDate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Shell Company Event Date</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_DocumentPeriodStartDate" xlink:label="dei_DocumentPeriodStartDate" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentPeriodStartDate" xlink:to="dei_DocumentPeriodStartDate_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentPeriodStartDate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Period Start Date</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate" xlink:label="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate" xlink:to="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Period End Date</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus" xlink:label="dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus" xlink:to="dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Fiscal Period Focus</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus" xlink:label="dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus" xlink:to="dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Fiscal Year Focus</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate" xlink:label="dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate" xlink:to="dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Current Fiscal Year End Date</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityFileNumber" xlink:label="dei_EntityFileNumber" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityFileNumber" xlink:to="dei_EntityFileNumber_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityFileNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity File Number</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityRegistrantName" xlink:label="dei_EntityRegistrantName" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityRegistrantName" xlink:to="dei_EntityRegistrantName_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityRegistrantName_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Registrant Name</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" xlink:label="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" xlink:to="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Central Index Key</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityPrimarySicNumber" xlink:label="dei_EntityPrimarySicNumber" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityPrimarySicNumber" xlink:to="dei_EntityPrimarySicNumber_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityPrimarySicNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Primary SIC Number</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber" xlink:label="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber" xlink:to="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Tax Identification Number</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" xlink:label="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" xlink:to="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Address Line One</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Address Line Two</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Address Line Three</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, City or Town</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, State or Province</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityAddressCountry" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCountry" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressCountry" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressCountry_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCountry_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Country</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Postal Zip Code</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_CountryRegion" xlink:label="dei_CountryRegion" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_CountryRegion" xlink:to="dei_CountryRegion_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_CountryRegion_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Country Region</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_CityAreaCode" xlink:label="dei_CityAreaCode" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_CityAreaCode" xlink:to="dei_CityAreaCode_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_CityAreaCode_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">City Area Code</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_LocalPhoneNumber" xlink:label="dei_LocalPhoneNumber" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_LocalPhoneNumber" xlink:to="dei_LocalPhoneNumber_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_LocalPhoneNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Local Phone Number</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_Extension" xlink:label="dei_Extension" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_Extension" xlink:to="dei_Extension_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_Extension_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Extension</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_WrittenCommunications" xlink:label="dei_WrittenCommunications" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_WrittenCommunications" xlink:to="dei_WrittenCommunications_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_WrittenCommunications_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Written Communications</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_SolicitingMaterial" xlink:label="dei_SolicitingMaterial" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_SolicitingMaterial" xlink:to="dei_SolicitingMaterial_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_SolicitingMaterial_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Soliciting Material</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" xlink:to="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Pre-commencement Tender Offer</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" xlink:to="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Pre-commencement Issuer Tender Offer</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_Security12bTitle" xlink:label="dei_Security12bTitle" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_Security12bTitle" xlink:to="dei_Security12bTitle_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_Security12bTitle_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Title of 12(b) Security</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_NoTradingSymbolFlag" xlink:label="dei_NoTradingSymbolFlag" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_NoTradingSymbolFlag" xlink:to="dei_NoTradingSymbolFlag_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_NoTradingSymbolFlag_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">No Trading Symbol Flag</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_TradingSymbol" xlink:label="dei_TradingSymbol" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_TradingSymbol" xlink:to="dei_TradingSymbol_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_TradingSymbol_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Trading Symbol</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_SecurityExchangeName" xlink:label="dei_SecurityExchangeName" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_SecurityExchangeName" xlink:to="dei_SecurityExchangeName_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_SecurityExchangeName_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Security Exchange Name</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_Security12gTitle" xlink:label="dei_Security12gTitle" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_Security12gTitle" xlink:to="dei_Security12gTitle_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_Security12gTitle_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Title of 12(g) Security</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_SecurityReportingObligation" xlink:label="dei_SecurityReportingObligation" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_SecurityReportingObligation" xlink:to="dei_SecurityReportingObligation_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_SecurityReportingObligation_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Security Reporting Obligation</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_AnnualInformationForm" xlink:label="dei_AnnualInformationForm" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_AnnualInformationForm" xlink:to="dei_AnnualInformationForm_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_AnnualInformationForm_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Annual Information Form</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_AuditedAnnualFinancialStatements" xlink:label="dei_AuditedAnnualFinancialStatements" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_AuditedAnnualFinancialStatements" xlink:to="dei_AuditedAnnualFinancialStatements_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_AuditedAnnualFinancialStatements_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Audited Annual Financial Statements</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer" xlink:label="dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer" xlink:to="dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers" xlink:label="dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers" xlink:to="dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Voluntary Filers</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus" xlink:label="dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus" xlink:to="dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Current Reporting Status</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent" xlink:label="dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent" xlink:to="dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Interactive Data Current</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityFilerCategory" xlink:label="dei_EntityFilerCategory" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityFilerCategory" xlink:to="dei_EntityFilerCategory_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityFilerCategory_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Filer Category</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntitySmallBusiness" xlink:label="dei_EntitySmallBusiness" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntitySmallBusiness" xlink:to="dei_EntitySmallBusiness_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntitySmallBusiness_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Small Business</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany" xlink:label="dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany" xlink:to="dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Emerging Growth Company</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityExTransitionPeriod" xlink:label="dei_EntityExTransitionPeriod" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityExTransitionPeriod" xlink:to="dei_EntityExTransitionPeriod_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityExTransitionPeriod_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Elected Not To Use the Extended Transition Period</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_DocumentAccountingStandard" xlink:label="dei_DocumentAccountingStandard" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentAccountingStandard" xlink:to="dei_DocumentAccountingStandard_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentAccountingStandard_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Accounting Standard</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_OtherReportingStandardItemNumber" xlink:label="dei_OtherReportingStandardItemNumber" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_OtherReportingStandardItemNumber" xlink:to="dei_OtherReportingStandardItemNumber_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_OtherReportingStandardItemNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Other Reporting Standard Item Number</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityShellCompany" xlink:label="dei_EntityShellCompany" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityShellCompany" xlink:to="dei_EntityShellCompany_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityShellCompany_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Shell Company</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityPublicFloat" xlink:label="dei_EntityPublicFloat" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityPublicFloat" xlink:to="dei_EntityPublicFloat_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityPublicFloat_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Public Float</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityBankruptcyProceedingsReportingCurrent" xlink:label="dei_EntityBankruptcyProceedingsReportingCurrent" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityBankruptcyProceedingsReportingCurrent" xlink:to="dei_EntityBankruptcyProceedingsReportingCurrent_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityBankruptcyProceedingsReportingCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Bankruptcy Proceedings, Reporting Current</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding" xlink:label="dei_EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding" xlink:to="dei_EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_DocumentsIncorporatedByReferenceTextBlock" xlink:label="dei_DocumentsIncorporatedByReferenceTextBlock" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentsIncorporatedByReferenceTextBlock" xlink:to="dei_DocumentsIncorporatedByReferenceTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentsIncorporatedByReferenceTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Documents Incorporated by Reference [Text Block]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_IcfrAuditorAttestationFlag" xlink:label="dei_IcfrAuditorAttestationFlag" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_IcfrAuditorAttestationFlag" xlink:to="dei_IcfrAuditorAttestationFlag_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_IcfrAuditorAttestationFlag_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">ICFR Auditor Attestation Flag</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_DocumentFinStmtErrorCorrectionFlag" xlink:label="dei_DocumentFinStmtErrorCorrectionFlag" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentFinStmtErrorCorrectionFlag" xlink:to="dei_DocumentFinStmtErrorCorrectionFlag_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentFinStmtErrorCorrectionFlag_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Financial Statement Error Correction [Flag]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_AuditorFirmId" xlink:label="dei_AuditorFirmId" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_AuditorFirmId" xlink:to="dei_AuditorFirmId_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_AuditorFirmId_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Auditor Firm ID</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_AuditorOpinionTextBlock" xlink:label="dei_AuditorOpinionTextBlock" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_AuditorOpinionTextBlock" xlink:to="dei_AuditorOpinionTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_AuditorOpinionTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Auditor Opinion [Text Block]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_AuditorName" xlink:label="dei_AuditorName" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_AuditorName" xlink:to="dei_AuditorName_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_AuditorName_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Auditor Name</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_AuditorLocation" xlink:label="dei_AuditorLocation" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_AuditorLocation" xlink:to="dei_AuditorLocation_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_AuditorLocation_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Auditor Location</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_AssetsAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_AssetsAbstract" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AssetsAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_AssetsAbstract_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AssetsAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">ASSETS</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">CURRENT ASSETS:</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue" xlink:to="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Cash and cash equivalents</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue" xlink:label="us-gaap_RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue" xlink:to="us-gaap_RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Restricted cash and cash equivalents</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesCurrent" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesCurrent_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Debt securities</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesFvNi" xlink:label="us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesFvNi" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesFvNi" xlink:to="us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesFvNi_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesFvNi_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Equity investments</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_ReceivablesNetCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_ReceivablesNetCurrent" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ReceivablesNetCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_ReceivablesNetCurrent_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ReceivablesNetCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Trade accounts receivable, net of allowance for credit losses of $6,352 at July 31, 2024 and allowance for doubtful accounts of $5,642 at July 31, 2023</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_SettlementAssetsCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_SettlementAssetsCurrent" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SettlementAssetsCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_SettlementAssetsCurrent_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_SettlementAssetsCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Settlement assets, net of reserve of $1,866 and $1,143 at July 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240731.xsd#IDT_DisbursementPrefunding" xlink:label="IDT_DisbursementPrefunding" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_DisbursementPrefunding" xlink:to="IDT_DisbursementPrefunding_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_DisbursementPrefunding_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Disbursement prefunding</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseCurrent" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseCurrent_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Prepaid expenses</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_OtherAssetsCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherAssetsCurrent" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherAssetsCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherAssetsCurrent_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherAssetsCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Other current assets</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_AssetsCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_AssetsCurrent" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AssetsCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_AssetsCurrent_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AssetsCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">TOTAL CURRENT ASSETS</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet" xlink:to="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Property, plant, and equipment, net</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_Goodwill" xlink:label="us-gaap_Goodwill" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_Goodwill" xlink:to="us-gaap_Goodwill_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_Goodwill_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Goodwill</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_OtherIntangibleAssetsNet" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherIntangibleAssetsNet" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherIntangibleAssetsNet" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherIntangibleAssetsNet_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherIntangibleAssetsNet_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Other intangibles, net</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_LongTermInvestments" xlink:label="us-gaap_LongTermInvestments" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LongTermInvestments" xlink:to="us-gaap_LongTermInvestments_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_LongTermInvestments_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Equity investments</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Operating lease right-of-use assets</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxAssetsNet" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxAssetsNet" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxAssetsNet" xlink:to="us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxAssetsNet_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxAssetsNet_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Deferred income tax assets, net</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Other assets</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_Assets" xlink:label="us-gaap_Assets" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_Assets" xlink:to="us-gaap_Assets_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_Assets_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">TOTAL ASSETS</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquityAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquityAbstract" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquityAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquityAbstract_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquityAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">LIABILITIES, REDEEMABLE NONCONTROLLING INTEREST, AND EQUITY</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">CURRENT LIABILITIES:</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Trade accounts payable</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Accrued expenses</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Deferred revenue</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_DepositLiabilityCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_DepositLiabilityCurrent" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DepositLiabilityCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_DepositLiabilityCurrent_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DepositLiabilityCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Customer deposits</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_SettlementLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_SettlementLiabilitiesCurrent" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SettlementLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_SettlementLiabilitiesCurrent_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_SettlementLiabilitiesCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Settlement liabilities</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesCurrent" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesCurrent_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Other current liabilities</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">TOTAL CURRENT LIABILITIES</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Operating lease liabilities</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Other liabilities</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_Liabilities" xlink:label="us-gaap_Liabilities" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_Liabilities" xlink:to="us-gaap_Liabilities_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_Liabilities_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">TOTAL LIABILITIES</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingencies" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingencies" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingencies" xlink:to="us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingencies_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingencies_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Commitments and contingencies</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_RedeemableNoncontrollingInterestEquityCarryingAmount" xlink:label="us-gaap_RedeemableNoncontrollingInterestEquityCarryingAmount" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_RedeemableNoncontrollingInterestEquityCarryingAmount" xlink:to="us-gaap_RedeemableNoncontrollingInterestEquityCarryingAmount_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_RedeemableNoncontrollingInterestEquityCarryingAmount_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Redeemable noncontrolling interest</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_EquityAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_EquityAbstract" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_EquityAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_EquityAbstract_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_EquityAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">EQUITY:</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">IDT Corporation stockholders&#8217; equity:</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_PreferredStockValue" xlink:label="us-gaap_PreferredStockValue" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PreferredStockValue" xlink:to="us-gaap_PreferredStockValue_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PreferredStockValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Preferred stock, $.01 par value; authorized shares&#8212;10,000; no shares issued</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_CommonStockValue" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockValue" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CommonStockValue" xlink:to="us-gaap_CommonStockValue_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Common stock, value</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapital" xlink:label="us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapital" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapital" xlink:to="us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapital_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapital_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Additional paid-in capital</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_TreasuryStockValue" xlink:label="us-gaap_TreasuryStockValue" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_TreasuryStockValue" xlink:to="us-gaap_TreasuryStockValue_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_TreasuryStockValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Treasury stock, at cost, consisting of 1,698 and 1,698 shares of Class A common stock and 4,493 and 4,152 shares of Class B common stock at July 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Accumulated other comprehensive loss</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit" xlink:label="us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit" xlink:to="us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Retained earnings</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_StockholdersEquity" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockholdersEquity" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockholdersEquity" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockholdersEquity_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockholdersEquity_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Total IDT Corporation stockholders&#8217; equity</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_MinorityInterest" xlink:label="us-gaap_MinorityInterest" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_MinorityInterest" xlink:to="us-gaap_MinorityInterest_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_MinorityInterest_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Noncontrolling interests</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">TOTAL EQUITY</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity" xlink:to="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">TOTAL LIABILITIES, REDEEMABLE NONCONTROLLING INTEREST, AND EQUITY</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Allowance for doubtful accounts receivable current</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240731.xsd#IDT_SettlementAssetsReserve" xlink:label="IDT_SettlementAssetsReserve" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_SettlementAssetsReserve" xlink:to="IDT_SettlementAssetsReserve_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_SettlementAssetsReserve_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Settlement assets, net of reserve</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_PreferredStockParOrStatedValuePerShare" xlink:label="us-gaap_PreferredStockParOrStatedValuePerShare" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PreferredStockParOrStatedValuePerShare" xlink:to="us-gaap_PreferredStockParOrStatedValuePerShare_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PreferredStockParOrStatedValuePerShare_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Preferred stock, par value</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesAuthorized" xlink:label="us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesAuthorized" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesAuthorized" xlink:to="us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesAuthorized_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesAuthorized_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Preferred stock, shares authorized</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesIssued" xlink:label="us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesIssued" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesIssued" xlink:to="us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesIssued_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesIssued_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Preferred stock, shares issued</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare" xlink:to="us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Common stock, par value</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized" xlink:to="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Common stock, shares authorized</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued" xlink:to="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Common stock, shares issued</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding" xlink:to="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Common stock, shares outstanding</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_TreasuryStockCommonShares" xlink:label="us-gaap_TreasuryStockCommonShares" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_TreasuryStockCommonShares" xlink:to="us-gaap_TreasuryStockCommonShares_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_TreasuryStockCommonShares_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Treasury stock shares</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeStatementAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeStatementAbstract" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeStatementAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncomeStatementAbstract_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeStatementAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Income Statement [Abstract]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_Revenues" xlink:label="us-gaap_Revenues" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_Revenues" xlink:to="us-gaap_Revenues_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_Revenues_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">REVENUES</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_CostOfRevenue" xlink:label="us-gaap_CostOfRevenue" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CostOfRevenue" xlink:to="us-gaap_CostOfRevenue_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CostOfRevenue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">DIRECT COST OF REVENUES</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_GrossProfit" xlink:label="us-gaap_GrossProfit" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_GrossProfit" xlink:to="us-gaap_GrossProfit_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_GrossProfit_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">GROSS PROFIT</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingExpensesAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingExpensesAbstract" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingExpensesAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingExpensesAbstract_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingExpensesAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">OPERATING EXPENSES:</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense" xlink:label="us-gaap_SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense" xlink:to="us-gaap_SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Selling, general and administrative</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense" xlink:label="us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense" xlink:to="us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Technology and development</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_SeveranceCosts1" xlink:label="us-gaap_SeveranceCosts1" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SeveranceCosts1" xlink:to="us-gaap_SeveranceCosts1_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_SeveranceCosts1_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Severance</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseNet" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseNet" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseNet" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseNet_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseNet_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Other operating expense, net (see Note 14)</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingExpenses" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingExpenses" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingExpenses" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingExpenses_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingExpenses_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">TOTAL OPERATING EXPENSES</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Income from operations</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_InterestIncomeExpenseNet" xlink:label="us-gaap_InterestIncomeExpenseNet" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_InterestIncomeExpenseNet" xlink:to="us-gaap_InterestIncomeExpenseNet_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_InterestIncomeExpenseNet_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Interest income, net</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_NonoperatingIncomeExpense" xlink:label="us-gaap_NonoperatingIncomeExpense" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_NonoperatingIncomeExpense" xlink:to="us-gaap_NonoperatingIncomeExpense_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_NonoperatingIncomeExpense_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Other expense, net</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Income before income taxes</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Benefit from (provision for) income taxes</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_ProfitLoss" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProfitLoss" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ProfitLoss" xlink:to="us-gaap_ProfitLoss_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProfitLoss_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">NET INCOME</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest" xlink:to="us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss" xlink:to="us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">NET INCOME ATTRIBUTABLE TO IDT CORPORATION</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_EarningsPerShareAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_EarningsPerShareAbstract" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_EarningsPerShareAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_EarningsPerShareAbstract_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_EarningsPerShareAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Earnings per share attributable to IDT Corporation common stockholders:</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasic" xlink:label="us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasic" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasic" xlink:to="us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasic_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasic_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Basic</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_EarningsPerShareDiluted" xlink:label="us-gaap_EarningsPerShareDiluted" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_EarningsPerShareDiluted" xlink:to="us-gaap_EarningsPerShareDiluted_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_EarningsPerShareDiluted_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Diluted</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasicAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasicAbstract" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasicAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasicAbstract_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasicAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Weighted-average number of shares used in calculation of earnings per share:</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic" xlink:label="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic" xlink:to="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Basic</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding" xlink:label="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding" xlink:to="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Diluted</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Stock-based compensation</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ProfitLoss" xlink:to="us-gaap_ProfitLoss_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProfitLoss_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">NET INCOME</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParentAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParentAbstract" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParentAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParentAbstract_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParentAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Other comprehensive income (loss):</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeUnrealizedHoldingGainLossOnSecuritiesArisingDuringPeriodNetOfTax" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeUnrealizedHoldingGainLossOnSecuritiesArisingDuringPeriodNetOfTax" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeUnrealizedHoldingGainLossOnSecuritiesArisingDuringPeriodNetOfTax" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeUnrealizedHoldingGainLossOnSecuritiesArisingDuringPeriodNetOfTax_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeUnrealizedHoldingGainLossOnSecuritiesArisingDuringPeriodNetOfTax_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Change in unrealized loss on available-for-sale securities</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationGainLossArisingDuringPeriodNetOfTax" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationGainLossArisingDuringPeriodNetOfTax" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationGainLossArisingDuringPeriodNetOfTax" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationGainLossArisingDuringPeriodNetOfTax_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationGainLossArisingDuringPeriodNetOfTax_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Foreign currency translation adjustments</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Other comprehensive loss</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTaxIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest" xlink:label="us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTaxIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTaxIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest" xlink:to="us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTaxIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTaxIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">COMPREHENSIVE INCOME</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTaxAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest" xlink:label="us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTaxAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTaxAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest" xlink:to="us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTaxAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTaxAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax" xlink:label="us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax" xlink:to="us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">COMPREHENSIVE INCOME ATTRIBUTABLE TO IDT CORPORATION</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodStartLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Balance</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_SharesIssued" xlink:label="us-gaap_SharesIssued" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SharesIssued" xlink:to="us-gaap_SharesIssued_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodStartLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_SharesIssued_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Balance, shares</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240731.xsd#IDT_StockIssuedToRelatedPartyDuringPeriodValueStockOptionsExercised" xlink:label="IDT_StockIssuedToRelatedPartyDuringPeriodValueStockOptionsExercised" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_StockIssuedToRelatedPartyDuringPeriodValueStockOptionsExercised" xlink:to="IDT_StockIssuedToRelatedPartyDuringPeriodValueStockOptionsExercised_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_StockIssuedToRelatedPartyDuringPeriodValueStockOptionsExercised_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Exercise of stock options by Howard S. Jonas</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240731.xsd#IDT_StockIssuedToRelatedPartyDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised" xlink:label="IDT_StockIssuedToRelatedPartyDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_StockIssuedToRelatedPartyDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised" xlink:to="IDT_StockIssuedToRelatedPartyDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_StockIssuedToRelatedPartyDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Exercise of stock options by Howard S. Jonas, shares</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueStockOptionsExercised" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueStockOptionsExercised" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueStockOptionsExercised" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueStockOptionsExercised_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueStockOptionsExercised_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Exercise of stock options</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Exercise of stock options, shares</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240731.xsd#IDT_TreasuryStockValueRepurchasesOfCommonStockThroughRepurchaseProgram" xlink:label="IDT_TreasuryStockValueRepurchasesOfCommonStockThroughRepurchaseProgram" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_TreasuryStockValueRepurchasesOfCommonStockThroughRepurchaseProgram" xlink:to="IDT_TreasuryStockValueRepurchasesOfCommonStockThroughRepurchaseProgram_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_TreasuryStockValueRepurchasesOfCommonStockThroughRepurchaseProgram_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Repurchases of Class B common stock through repurchase program</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240731.xsd#IDT_TreasuryStockValueRestrictedCommonStockPurchasedFromEmployees" xlink:label="IDT_TreasuryStockValueRestrictedCommonStockPurchasedFromEmployees" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_TreasuryStockValueRestrictedCommonStockPurchasedFromEmployees" xlink:to="IDT_TreasuryStockValueRestrictedCommonStockPurchasedFromEmployees_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_TreasuryStockValueRestrictedCommonStockPurchasedFromEmployees_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Restricted Class B common stock purchased from employees</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueAcquisitions" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueAcquisitions" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueAcquisitions" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueAcquisitions_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueAcquisitions_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Business acquisition holdback payment</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesAcquisitions" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesAcquisitions" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesAcquisitions" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesAcquisitions_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesAcquisitions_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Business acquisition holdback payment, shares</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationRequisiteServicePeriodRecognitionValue" xlink:label="us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationRequisiteServicePeriodRecognitionValue" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationRequisiteServicePeriodRecognitionValue" xlink:to="us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationRequisiteServicePeriodRecognitionValue_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationRequisiteServicePeriodRecognitionValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Stock-based compensation</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesShareBasedCompensation" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesShareBasedCompensation" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesShareBasedCompensation" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesShareBasedCompensation_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesShareBasedCompensation_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Stock-based compensation, shares</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_MinorityInterestDecreaseFromDistributionsToNoncontrollingInterestHolders" xlink:label="us-gaap_MinorityInterestDecreaseFromDistributionsToNoncontrollingInterestHolders" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_MinorityInterestDecreaseFromDistributionsToNoncontrollingInterestHolders" xlink:to="us-gaap_MinorityInterestDecreaseFromDistributionsToNoncontrollingInterestHolders_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_MinorityInterestDecreaseFromDistributionsToNoncontrollingInterestHolders_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Distributions to noncontrolling interests</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Other comprehensive loss</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240731.xsd#IDT_NetIncomeLossIncludingPortionAttributableToRedeemableNonControllingInterestAndNonControllingInterestInSubsidiaries" xlink:label="IDT_NetIncomeLossIncludingPortionAttributableToRedeemableNonControllingInterestAndNonControllingInterestInSubsidiaries" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_NetIncomeLossIncludingPortionAttributableToRedeemableNonControllingInterestAndNonControllingInterestInSubsidiaries" xlink:to="IDT_NetIncomeLossIncludingPortionAttributableToRedeemableNonControllingInterestAndNonControllingInterestInSubsidiaries_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_NetIncomeLossIncludingPortionAttributableToRedeemableNonControllingInterestAndNonControllingInterestInSubsidiaries_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Net income</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalOther" xlink:label="us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalOther" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalOther" xlink:to="us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalOther_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalOther_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Stock issued/to be issued to an executive officer for bonus payment</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240731.xsd#IDT_StockIssuedtoBeIssuedToExecutiveOfficerForBonusPaymentShares" xlink:label="IDT_StockIssuedtoBeIssuedToExecutiveOfficerForBonusPaymentShares" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_StockIssuedtoBeIssuedToExecutiveOfficerForBonusPaymentShares" xlink:to="IDT_StockIssuedtoBeIssuedToExecutiveOfficerForBonusPaymentShares_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_StockIssuedtoBeIssuedToExecutiveOfficerForBonusPaymentShares_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Stock issued/to be issued to an executive officer for bonus payment, shares</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_DividendsCommonStock" xlink:label="us-gaap_DividendsCommonStock" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DividendsCommonStock" xlink:to="us-gaap_DividendsCommonStock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_DividendsCommonStock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Dividends declared ($0.10 per share)</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240731.xsd#IDT_ValueRestrictedSubsidiaryCommonStockPurchasedFromEmployees" xlink:label="IDT_ValueRestrictedSubsidiaryCommonStockPurchasedFromEmployees" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_ValueRestrictedSubsidiaryCommonStockPurchasedFromEmployees" xlink:to="IDT_ValueRestrictedSubsidiaryCommonStockPurchasedFromEmployees_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_ValueRestrictedSubsidiaryCommonStockPurchasedFromEmployees_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Restricted net2phone and National Retail Solutions common stock purchased from employees</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240731.xsd#IDT_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueExchangeOfSubsidiarySharesForCommonStock" xlink:label="IDT_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueExchangeOfSubsidiarySharesForCommonStock" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueExchangeOfSubsidiarySharesForCommonStock" xlink:to="IDT_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueExchangeOfSubsidiarySharesForCommonStock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueExchangeOfSubsidiarySharesForCommonStock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Exchange of National Retail Solutions shares for Class B common stock</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240731.xsd#IDT_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesExchangeOfSubsidiarySharesForCommonStock" xlink:label="IDT_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesExchangeOfSubsidiarySharesForCommonStock" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesExchangeOfSubsidiarySharesForCommonStock" xlink:to="IDT_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesExchangeOfSubsidiarySharesForCommonStock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesExchangeOfSubsidiarySharesForCommonStock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Exchange of National Retail Solutions shares for Class B common stock, shares</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest_3_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodEndLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest_3_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Balance</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SharesIssued" xlink:to="us-gaap_SharesIssued_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodEndLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_SharesIssued_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Balance, shares</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_CommonStockDividendsPerShareDeclared" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockDividendsPerShareDeclared" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CommonStockDividendsPerShareDeclared" xlink:to="us-gaap_CommonStockDividendsPerShareDeclared_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockDividendsPerShareDeclared_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Dividends declared per share</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_StatementOfCashFlowsAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_StatementOfCashFlowsAbstract" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementOfCashFlowsAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_StatementOfCashFlowsAbstract_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_StatementOfCashFlowsAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Statement of Cash Flows [Abstract]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">OPERATING ACTIVITIES</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ProfitLoss" xlink:to="us-gaap_ProfitLoss_3_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProfitLoss_3_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Net income</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_AdjustmentsToReconcileNetIncomeLossToCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_AdjustmentsToReconcileNetIncomeLossToCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AdjustmentsToReconcileNetIncomeLossToCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_AdjustmentsToReconcileNetIncomeLossToCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AdjustmentsToReconcileNetIncomeLossToCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_DepreciationAndAmortization" xlink:label="us-gaap_DepreciationAndAmortization" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DepreciationAndAmortization" xlink:to="us-gaap_DepreciationAndAmortization_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DepreciationAndAmortization_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Depreciation and amortization</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxesAndTaxCredits" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxesAndTaxCredits" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxesAndTaxCredits" xlink:to="us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxesAndTaxCredits_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxesAndTaxCredits_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Deferred income taxes</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_ProvisionForDoubtfulAccounts" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProvisionForDoubtfulAccounts" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ProvisionForDoubtfulAccounts" xlink:to="us-gaap_ProvisionForDoubtfulAccounts_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProvisionForDoubtfulAccounts_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Provision for credit losses, doubtful accounts receivable, and reserve for settlement assets</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_MarketableSecuritiesUnrealizedGainLoss" xlink:label="us-gaap_MarketableSecuritiesUnrealizedGainLoss" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_MarketableSecuritiesUnrealizedGainLoss" xlink:to="us-gaap_MarketableSecuritiesUnrealizedGainLoss_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_MarketableSecuritiesUnrealizedGainLoss_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Net unrealized loss from marketable securities</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_OtherNoncashIncomeExpense" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherNoncashIncomeExpense" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherNoncashIncomeExpense" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherNoncashIncomeExpense_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherNoncashIncomeExpense_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Other</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingCapitalAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingCapitalAbstract" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingCapitalAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingCapitalAbstract_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingCapitalAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Changes in assets and liabilities:</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsReceivable" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsReceivable" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsReceivable" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsReceivable_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsReceivable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Trade accounts receivable</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInPrepaidDeferredExpenseAndOtherAssets" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInPrepaidDeferredExpenseAndOtherAssets" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInPrepaidDeferredExpenseAndOtherAssets" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInPrepaidDeferredExpenseAndOtherAssets_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInPrepaidDeferredExpenseAndOtherAssets_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Settlement assets, disbursement prefunding, prepaid expenses, other current assets, and other assets</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilities" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilities" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilities" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilities_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilities_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Trade accounts payable, accrued expenses, settlement liabilities, other current liabilities, and other liabilities</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherCurrentLiabilities" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherCurrentLiabilities" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherCurrentLiabilities" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherCurrentLiabilities_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherCurrentLiabilities_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Customer deposits at IDT Financial Services Limited (Gibraltar-based bank)</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInContractWithCustomerLiability" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInContractWithCustomerLiability" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInContractWithCustomerLiability" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInContractWithCustomerLiability_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInContractWithCustomerLiability_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Deferred revenue</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities" xlink:to="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Net cash provided by operating activities</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesAbstract" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesAbstract_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">INVESTING ACTIVITIES</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment" xlink:label="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment" xlink:to="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Capital expenditures</link:label>
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      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities" />
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      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivitiesAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivitiesAbstract" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_PaymentsToMinorityShareholders_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Distributions to noncontrolling interests</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_ProceedsFromNotesPayable" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromNotesPayable" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ProceedsFromNotesPayable" xlink:to="us-gaap_ProceedsFromNotesPayable_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
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      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_RepaymentsOfNotesPayable" xlink:label="us-gaap_RepaymentsOfNotesPayable" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_RepaymentsOfNotesPayable" xlink:to="us-gaap_RepaymentsOfNotesPayable_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_RepaymentsOfNotesPayable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Repayment of notes payable</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_ProceedsFromSaleOfInterestInCorporateUnit" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromSaleOfInterestInCorporateUnit" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ProceedsFromSaleOfInterestInCorporateUnit" xlink:to="us-gaap_ProceedsFromSaleOfInterestInCorporateUnit_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromSaleOfInterestInCorporateUnit_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Proceeds from sale of redeemable equity in subsidiary</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_ProceedsFromLinesOfCredit" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromLinesOfCredit" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ProceedsFromLinesOfCredit" xlink:to="us-gaap_ProceedsFromLinesOfCredit_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromLinesOfCredit_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Proceeds from borrowings under revolving credit facility</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_RepaymentsOfLinesOfCredit" xlink:label="us-gaap_RepaymentsOfLinesOfCredit" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_RepaymentsOfLinesOfCredit" xlink:to="us-gaap_RepaymentsOfLinesOfCredit_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_RepaymentsOfLinesOfCredit_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Repayments of borrowings under revolving credit facility</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240731.xsd#IDT_PurchaseOfSubsidiaryRestrictedSharesOfCommonStock" xlink:label="IDT_PurchaseOfSubsidiaryRestrictedSharesOfCommonStock" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="IDT_PurchaseOfSubsidiaryRestrictedSharesOfCommonStock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Purchase of restricted shares of net2phone and National Retail Solutions common stock</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Proceeds from exercise of stock options</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_PaymentsForRepurchaseOfCommonStock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Repurchases of Class B common stock</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Net cash used in financing activities</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents" xlink:label="us-gaap_EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash and cash equivalents</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect" />
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      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodStartLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year</link:label>
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      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_SupplementalCashFlowInformationAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_SupplementalCashFlowInformationAbstract" />
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      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_InterestPaidNet" xlink:label="us-gaap_InterestPaidNet" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_InterestPaidNet_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Cash payments made for interest</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeTaxesPaid" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxesPaid" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeTaxesPaid" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncomeTaxesPaid_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
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      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_NoncashInvestingAndFinancingItemsAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_NoncashInvestingAndFinancingItemsAbstract" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_NoncashInvestingAndFinancingItemsAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">SUPPLEMENTAL SCHEDULE OF NON-CASH INVESTING AND FINANCING ACTIVITIES</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_OtherSignificantNoncashTransactionValueOfConsiderationGiven1" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherSignificantNoncashTransactionValueOfConsiderationGiven1" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherSignificantNoncashTransactionValueOfConsiderationGiven1_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Value of the Company&#8217;s Class B common stock exchanged for National Retail Solutions shares</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240731.xsd#IDT_ConversionOfEquityMethodInvestmentsSecuredPromissoryNotesIntoConvertiblePreferredStock" xlink:label="IDT_ConversionOfEquityMethodInvestmentsSecuredPromissoryNotesIntoConvertiblePreferredStock" />
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      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240731.xsd#IDT_SharesOfCompanysClassBCommonStockIssuedForBusinessAcquisitions" xlink:label="IDT_SharesOfCompanysClassBCommonStockIssuedForBusinessAcquisitions" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_SharesOfCompanysClassBCommonStockIssuedForBusinessAcquisitions_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Shares of the Company&#8217;s Class B common stock issued for business acquisitions</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_OtherSignificantNoncashTransactionValueOfConsiderationReceived1" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherSignificantNoncashTransactionValueOfConsiderationReceived1" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherSignificantNoncashTransactionValueOfConsiderationReceived1" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherSignificantNoncashTransactionValueOfConsiderationReceived1_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherSignificantNoncashTransactionValueOfConsiderationReceived1_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Cashless exercise of stock options in exchange for shares of the Company&#8217;s Class B common stock</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_PvpTable" xlink:label="ecd_PvpTable" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_PvpTable" xlink:to="ecd_PvpTable_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_PvpTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Pay vs Performance Disclosure [Table]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_ExecutiveCategoryAxis" xlink:label="ecd_ExecutiveCategoryAxis" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_ExecutiveCategoryAxis" xlink:to="ecd_ExecutiveCategoryAxis_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_ExecutiveCategoryAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Executive Category [Axis]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_IndividualAxis" xlink:label="ecd_IndividualAxis" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_IndividualAxis" xlink:to="ecd_IndividualAxis_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_IndividualAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Individual [Axis]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_AdjToCompAxis" xlink:label="ecd_AdjToCompAxis" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_AdjToCompAxis" xlink:to="ecd_AdjToCompAxis_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_AdjToCompAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Adjustment to Compensation [Axis]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_MeasureAxis" xlink:label="ecd_MeasureAxis" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_MeasureAxis" xlink:to="ecd_MeasureAxis_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_MeasureAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Measure [Axis]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_PvpTableTextBlock" xlink:label="ecd_PvpTableTextBlock" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_PvpTableTextBlock" xlink:to="ecd_PvpTableTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_PvpTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Pay vs Performance Disclosure, Table</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_CoSelectedMeasureName" xlink:label="ecd_CoSelectedMeasureName" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_CoSelectedMeasureName" xlink:to="ecd_CoSelectedMeasureName_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_CoSelectedMeasureName_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Company Selected Measure Name</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_NamedExecutiveOfficersFnTextBlock" xlink:label="ecd_NamedExecutiveOfficersFnTextBlock" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_NamedExecutiveOfficersFnTextBlock" xlink:to="ecd_NamedExecutiveOfficersFnTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_NamedExecutiveOfficersFnTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Named Executive Officers, Footnote</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_PeerGroupIssuersFnTextBlock" xlink:label="ecd_PeerGroupIssuersFnTextBlock" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_PeerGroupIssuersFnTextBlock" xlink:to="ecd_PeerGroupIssuersFnTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_PeerGroupIssuersFnTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Peer Group Issuers, Footnote</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_ChangedPeerGroupFnTextBlock" xlink:label="ecd_ChangedPeerGroupFnTextBlock" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_ChangedPeerGroupFnTextBlock" xlink:to="ecd_ChangedPeerGroupFnTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_ChangedPeerGroupFnTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Changed Peer Group, Footnote</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_PeoTotalCompAmt" xlink:label="ecd_PeoTotalCompAmt" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_PeoTotalCompAmt" xlink:to="ecd_PeoTotalCompAmt_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_PeoTotalCompAmt_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">PEO Total Compensation Amount</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_PeoActuallyPaidCompAmt" xlink:label="ecd_PeoActuallyPaidCompAmt" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_PeoActuallyPaidCompAmt" xlink:to="ecd_PeoActuallyPaidCompAmt_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_PeoActuallyPaidCompAmt_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">PEO Actually Paid Compensation Amount</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_AdjToPeoCompFnTextBlock" xlink:label="ecd_AdjToPeoCompFnTextBlock" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_AdjToPeoCompFnTextBlock" xlink:to="ecd_AdjToPeoCompFnTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_AdjToPeoCompFnTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Adjustment To PEO Compensation, Footnote</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_NonPeoNeoAvgTotalCompAmt" xlink:label="ecd_NonPeoNeoAvgTotalCompAmt" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_NonPeoNeoAvgTotalCompAmt" xlink:to="ecd_NonPeoNeoAvgTotalCompAmt_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_NonPeoNeoAvgTotalCompAmt_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Non-PEO NEO Average Total Compensation Amount</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_NonPeoNeoAvgCompActuallyPaidAmt" xlink:label="ecd_NonPeoNeoAvgCompActuallyPaidAmt" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_NonPeoNeoAvgCompActuallyPaidAmt" xlink:to="ecd_NonPeoNeoAvgCompActuallyPaidAmt_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_NonPeoNeoAvgCompActuallyPaidAmt_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Non-PEO NEO Average Compensation Actually Paid Amount</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_AdjToNonPeoNeoCompFnTextBlock" xlink:label="ecd_AdjToNonPeoNeoCompFnTextBlock" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_AdjToNonPeoNeoCompFnTextBlock" xlink:to="ecd_AdjToNonPeoNeoCompFnTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_AdjToNonPeoNeoCompFnTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Adjustment to Non-PEO NEO Compensation Footnote</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_EquityValuationAssumptionDifferenceFnTextBlock" xlink:label="ecd_EquityValuationAssumptionDifferenceFnTextBlock" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_EquityValuationAssumptionDifferenceFnTextBlock" xlink:to="ecd_EquityValuationAssumptionDifferenceFnTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_EquityValuationAssumptionDifferenceFnTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Equity Valuation Assumption Difference, Footnote</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_CompActuallyPaidVsTotalShareholderRtnTextBlock" xlink:label="ecd_CompActuallyPaidVsTotalShareholderRtnTextBlock" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_CompActuallyPaidVsTotalShareholderRtnTextBlock" xlink:to="ecd_CompActuallyPaidVsTotalShareholderRtnTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_CompActuallyPaidVsTotalShareholderRtnTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Compensation Actually Paid vs. Total Shareholder Return</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_CompActuallyPaidVsNetIncomeTextBlock" xlink:label="ecd_CompActuallyPaidVsNetIncomeTextBlock" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_CompActuallyPaidVsNetIncomeTextBlock" xlink:to="ecd_CompActuallyPaidVsNetIncomeTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_CompActuallyPaidVsNetIncomeTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Compensation Actually Paid vs. Net Income</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_CompActuallyPaidVsCoSelectedMeasureTextBlock" xlink:label="ecd_CompActuallyPaidVsCoSelectedMeasureTextBlock" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_CompActuallyPaidVsCoSelectedMeasureTextBlock" xlink:to="ecd_CompActuallyPaidVsCoSelectedMeasureTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_CompActuallyPaidVsCoSelectedMeasureTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Compensation Actually Paid vs. Company Selected Measure</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_TotalShareholderRtnVsPeerGroupTextBlock" xlink:label="ecd_TotalShareholderRtnVsPeerGroupTextBlock" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_TotalShareholderRtnVsPeerGroupTextBlock" xlink:to="ecd_TotalShareholderRtnVsPeerGroupTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_TotalShareholderRtnVsPeerGroupTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Total Shareholder Return Vs Peer Group</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_CompActuallyPaidVsOtherMeasureTextBlock" xlink:label="ecd_CompActuallyPaidVsOtherMeasureTextBlock" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_CompActuallyPaidVsOtherMeasureTextBlock" xlink:to="ecd_CompActuallyPaidVsOtherMeasureTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_CompActuallyPaidVsOtherMeasureTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Compensation Actually Paid vs. Other Measure</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_TabularListTableTextBlock" xlink:label="ecd_TabularListTableTextBlock" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_TabularListTableTextBlock" xlink:to="ecd_TabularListTableTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_TabularListTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Tabular List, Table</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_TotalShareholderRtnAmt" xlink:label="ecd_TotalShareholderRtnAmt" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_TotalShareholderRtnAmt" xlink:to="ecd_TotalShareholderRtnAmt_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_TotalShareholderRtnAmt_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Total Shareholder Return Amount</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_PeerGroupTotalShareholderRtnAmt" xlink:label="ecd_PeerGroupTotalShareholderRtnAmt" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_PeerGroupTotalShareholderRtnAmt" xlink:to="ecd_PeerGroupTotalShareholderRtnAmt_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_PeerGroupTotalShareholderRtnAmt_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Peer Group Total Shareholder Return Amount</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss" xlink:to="us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Net Income (Loss)</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_CoSelectedMeasureAmt" xlink:label="ecd_CoSelectedMeasureAmt" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_CoSelectedMeasureAmt" xlink:to="ecd_CoSelectedMeasureAmt_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_CoSelectedMeasureAmt_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Company Selected Measure Amount</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_OtherPerfMeasureAmt" xlink:label="ecd_OtherPerfMeasureAmt" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_OtherPerfMeasureAmt" xlink:to="ecd_OtherPerfMeasureAmt_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_OtherPerfMeasureAmt_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Other Performance Measure, Amount</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_AdjToCompAmt" xlink:label="ecd_AdjToCompAmt" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_AdjToCompAmt" xlink:to="ecd_AdjToCompAmt_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_AdjToCompAmt_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Adjustment to Compensation, Amount</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_PeoName" xlink:label="ecd_PeoName" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_PeoName" xlink:to="ecd_PeoName_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_PeoName_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">PEO Name</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_MeasureName" xlink:label="ecd_MeasureName" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_MeasureName" xlink:to="ecd_MeasureName_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_MeasureName_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Name</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_NonGaapMeasureDescriptionTextBlock" xlink:label="ecd_NonGaapMeasureDescriptionTextBlock" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_NonGaapMeasureDescriptionTextBlock" xlink:to="ecd_NonGaapMeasureDescriptionTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_NonGaapMeasureDescriptionTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Non-GAAP Measure Description</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_Additional402vDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:label="ecd_Additional402vDisclosureTextBlock" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_Additional402vDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:to="ecd_Additional402vDisclosureTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_Additional402vDisclosureTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Additional 402(v) Disclosure</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_PnsnBnftsAdjFnTextBlock" xlink:label="ecd_PnsnBnftsAdjFnTextBlock" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_PnsnBnftsAdjFnTextBlock" xlink:to="ecd_PnsnBnftsAdjFnTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_PnsnBnftsAdjFnTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Pension Benefits Adjustments, Footnote</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_ErrCompRecoveryTable" xlink:label="ecd_ErrCompRecoveryTable" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_ErrCompRecoveryTable" xlink:to="ecd_ErrCompRecoveryTable_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_ErrCompRecoveryTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Erroneously Awarded Compensation Recovery [Table]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_RestatementDateAxis" xlink:label="ecd_RestatementDateAxis" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_RestatementDateAxis" xlink:to="ecd_RestatementDateAxis_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_RestatementDateAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Restatement Determination Date [Axis]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_RestatementDeterminationDate" xlink:label="ecd_RestatementDeterminationDate" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_RestatementDeterminationDate" xlink:to="ecd_RestatementDeterminationDate_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_RestatementDeterminationDate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Restatement Determination Date</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_AggtErrCompAmt" xlink:label="ecd_AggtErrCompAmt" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_AggtErrCompAmt" xlink:to="ecd_AggtErrCompAmt_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_AggtErrCompAmt_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Aggregate Erroneous Compensation Amount</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_ErrCompAnalysisTextBlock" xlink:label="ecd_ErrCompAnalysisTextBlock" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_ErrCompAnalysisTextBlock" xlink:to="ecd_ErrCompAnalysisTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_ErrCompAnalysisTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Erroneous Compensation Analysis</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_StkPrcOrTsrEstimationMethodTextBlock" xlink:label="ecd_StkPrcOrTsrEstimationMethodTextBlock" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_StkPrcOrTsrEstimationMethodTextBlock" xlink:to="ecd_StkPrcOrTsrEstimationMethodTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_StkPrcOrTsrEstimationMethodTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Stock Price or TSR Estimation Method</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_OutstandingAggtErrCompAmt" xlink:label="ecd_OutstandingAggtErrCompAmt" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_OutstandingAggtErrCompAmt" xlink:to="ecd_OutstandingAggtErrCompAmt_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_OutstandingAggtErrCompAmt_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Outstanding Aggregate Erroneous Compensation Amount</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_AggtErrCompNotYetDeterminedTextBlock" xlink:label="ecd_AggtErrCompNotYetDeterminedTextBlock" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_AggtErrCompNotYetDeterminedTextBlock" xlink:to="ecd_AggtErrCompNotYetDeterminedTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_AggtErrCompNotYetDeterminedTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Aggregate Erroneous Compensation Not Yet Determined</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_ForgoneRecoveryIndName" xlink:label="ecd_ForgoneRecoveryIndName" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_ForgoneRecoveryIndName" xlink:to="ecd_ForgoneRecoveryIndName_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="ecd_ForgoneRecoveryIndName_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Name</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_ForgoneRecoveryDueToExpenseOfEnforcementAmt" xlink:label="ecd_ForgoneRecoveryDueToExpenseOfEnforcementAmt" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_ForgoneRecoveryDueToExpenseOfEnforcementAmt" xlink:to="ecd_ForgoneRecoveryDueToExpenseOfEnforcementAmt_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_ForgoneRecoveryDueToExpenseOfEnforcementAmt_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Forgone Recovery due to Expense of Enforcement, Amount</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_ForgoneRecoveryDueToViolationOfHomeCountryLawAmt" xlink:label="ecd_ForgoneRecoveryDueToViolationOfHomeCountryLawAmt" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_ForgoneRecoveryDueToViolationOfHomeCountryLawAmt" xlink:to="ecd_ForgoneRecoveryDueToViolationOfHomeCountryLawAmt_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_ForgoneRecoveryDueToViolationOfHomeCountryLawAmt_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Forgone Recovery due to Violation of Home Country Law, Amount</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_ForgoneRecoveryDueToDisqualificationOfTaxBenefitsAmt" xlink:label="ecd_ForgoneRecoveryDueToDisqualificationOfTaxBenefitsAmt" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_ForgoneRecoveryDueToDisqualificationOfTaxBenefitsAmt" xlink:to="ecd_ForgoneRecoveryDueToDisqualificationOfTaxBenefitsAmt_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_ForgoneRecoveryDueToDisqualificationOfTaxBenefitsAmt_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Forgone Recovery due to Disqualification of Tax Benefits, Amount</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_ForgoneRecoveryExplanationOfImpracticabilityTextBlock" xlink:label="ecd_ForgoneRecoveryExplanationOfImpracticabilityTextBlock" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_ForgoneRecoveryExplanationOfImpracticabilityTextBlock" xlink:to="ecd_ForgoneRecoveryExplanationOfImpracticabilityTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_ForgoneRecoveryExplanationOfImpracticabilityTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Forgone Recovery, Explanation of Impracticability</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_OutstandingRecoveryIndName" xlink:label="ecd_OutstandingRecoveryIndName" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_OutstandingRecoveryIndName" xlink:to="ecd_OutstandingRecoveryIndName_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="ecd_OutstandingRecoveryIndName_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Name</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_OutstandingRecoveryCompAmt" xlink:label="ecd_OutstandingRecoveryCompAmt" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_OutstandingRecoveryCompAmt" xlink:to="ecd_OutstandingRecoveryCompAmt_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_OutstandingRecoveryCompAmt_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Compensation Amount</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_RestatementDoesNotRequireRecoveryTextBlock" xlink:label="ecd_RestatementDoesNotRequireRecoveryTextBlock" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_RestatementDoesNotRequireRecoveryTextBlock" xlink:to="ecd_RestatementDoesNotRequireRecoveryTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_RestatementDoesNotRequireRecoveryTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Restatement does not require Recovery</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_AwardsCloseToMnpiDiscTable" xlink:label="ecd_AwardsCloseToMnpiDiscTable" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_AwardsCloseToMnpiDiscTable" xlink:to="ecd_AwardsCloseToMnpiDiscTable_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_AwardsCloseToMnpiDiscTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Awards Close in Time to MNPI Disclosures [Table]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_AwardTmgMnpiDiscTextBlock" xlink:label="ecd_AwardTmgMnpiDiscTextBlock" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_AwardTmgMnpiDiscTextBlock" xlink:to="ecd_AwardTmgMnpiDiscTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_AwardTmgMnpiDiscTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Award Timing MNPI Disclosure</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_AwardTmgMethodTextBlock" xlink:label="ecd_AwardTmgMethodTextBlock" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_AwardTmgMethodTextBlock" xlink:to="ecd_AwardTmgMethodTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_AwardTmgMethodTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Award Timing Method</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_AwardTmgPredtrmndFlag" xlink:label="ecd_AwardTmgPredtrmndFlag" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_AwardTmgPredtrmndFlag" xlink:to="ecd_AwardTmgPredtrmndFlag_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_AwardTmgPredtrmndFlag_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Award Timing Predetermined</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_AwardTmgMnpiCnsdrdFlag" xlink:label="ecd_AwardTmgMnpiCnsdrdFlag" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_AwardTmgMnpiCnsdrdFlag" xlink:to="ecd_AwardTmgMnpiCnsdrdFlag_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_AwardTmgMnpiCnsdrdFlag_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Award Timing MNPI Considered</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_AwardTmgHowMnpiCnsdrdTextBlock" xlink:label="ecd_AwardTmgHowMnpiCnsdrdTextBlock" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_AwardTmgHowMnpiCnsdrdTextBlock" xlink:to="ecd_AwardTmgHowMnpiCnsdrdTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_AwardTmgHowMnpiCnsdrdTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Award Timing, How MNPI Considered</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_MnpiDiscTimedForCompValFlag" xlink:label="ecd_MnpiDiscTimedForCompValFlag" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_MnpiDiscTimedForCompValFlag" xlink:to="ecd_MnpiDiscTimedForCompValFlag_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_MnpiDiscTimedForCompValFlag_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">MNPI Disclosure Timed for Compensation Value</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_AwardsCloseToMnpiDiscTableTextBlock" xlink:label="ecd_AwardsCloseToMnpiDiscTableTextBlock" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_AwardsCloseToMnpiDiscTableTextBlock" xlink:to="ecd_AwardsCloseToMnpiDiscTableTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_AwardsCloseToMnpiDiscTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Awards Close in Time to MNPI Disclosures, Table</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_AwardsCloseToMnpiDiscIndName" xlink:label="ecd_AwardsCloseToMnpiDiscIndName" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_AwardsCloseToMnpiDiscIndName" xlink:to="ecd_AwardsCloseToMnpiDiscIndName_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="ecd_AwardsCloseToMnpiDiscIndName_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Name</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_AwardUndrlygSecuritiesAmt" xlink:label="ecd_AwardUndrlygSecuritiesAmt" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_AwardUndrlygSecuritiesAmt" xlink:to="ecd_AwardUndrlygSecuritiesAmt_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_AwardUndrlygSecuritiesAmt_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Underlying Securities</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_AwardExrcPrice" xlink:label="ecd_AwardExrcPrice" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_AwardExrcPrice" xlink:to="ecd_AwardExrcPrice_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_AwardExrcPrice_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Exercise Price</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_AwardGrantDateFairValue" xlink:label="ecd_AwardGrantDateFairValue" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_AwardGrantDateFairValue" xlink:to="ecd_AwardGrantDateFairValue_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_AwardGrantDateFairValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Fair Value as of Grant Date</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_UndrlygSecurityMktPriceChngPct" xlink:label="ecd_UndrlygSecurityMktPriceChngPct" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_UndrlygSecurityMktPriceChngPct" xlink:to="ecd_UndrlygSecurityMktPriceChngPct_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_UndrlygSecurityMktPriceChngPct_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Underlying Security Market Price Change</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_InsiderTradingArrLineItems" xlink:label="ecd_InsiderTradingArrLineItems" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_InsiderTradingArrLineItems" xlink:to="ecd_InsiderTradingArrLineItems_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_InsiderTradingArrLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Insider Trading Arrangements [Line Items]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_MtrlTermsOfTrdArrTextBlock" xlink:label="ecd_MtrlTermsOfTrdArrTextBlock" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_MtrlTermsOfTrdArrTextBlock" xlink:to="ecd_MtrlTermsOfTrdArrTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_MtrlTermsOfTrdArrTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Material Terms of Trading Arrangement</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_TrdArrIndName" xlink:label="ecd_TrdArrIndName" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_TrdArrIndName" xlink:to="ecd_TrdArrIndName_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="ecd_TrdArrIndName_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Name</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_TrdArrIndTitle" xlink:label="ecd_TrdArrIndTitle" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_TrdArrIndTitle" xlink:to="ecd_TrdArrIndTitle_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_TrdArrIndTitle_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Title</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_Rule10b51ArrAdoptedFlag" xlink:label="ecd_Rule10b51ArrAdoptedFlag" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_Rule10b51ArrAdoptedFlag" xlink:to="ecd_Rule10b51ArrAdoptedFlag_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_Rule10b51ArrAdoptedFlag_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_NonRule10b51ArrAdoptedFlag" xlink:label="ecd_NonRule10b51ArrAdoptedFlag" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_NonRule10b51ArrAdoptedFlag" xlink:to="ecd_NonRule10b51ArrAdoptedFlag_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_NonRule10b51ArrAdoptedFlag_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_TrdArrAdoptionDate" xlink:label="ecd_TrdArrAdoptionDate" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="ecd_TrdArrAdoptionDate" xlink:to="ecd_TrdArrAdoptionDate_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="ecd_TrdArrAdoptionDate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Adoption Date</link:label>
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AdvertisingCostsPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_AdvertisingCostsPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AdvertisingCostsPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Advertising Expense</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_InternalUseSoftwarePolicy" xlink:label="us-gaap_InternalUseSoftwarePolicy" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_MaintenanceCostPolicyPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Repairs and Maintenance</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionsAndTranslationsPolicyTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionsAndTranslationsPolicyTextBlock" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionsAndTranslationsPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionsAndTranslationsPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionsAndTranslationsPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Foreign Currency Translation</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeTaxPolicyTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxPolicyTextBlock" />
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      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingenciesPolicyTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingenciesPolicyTextBlock" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingenciesPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Contingencies</link:label>
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      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationOptionAndIncentivePlansPolicy" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationOptionAndIncentivePlansPolicy" />
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      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskCreditRisk" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskCreditRisk" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskCreditRisk" xlink:to="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskCreditRisk_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskCreditRisk_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Vulnerability Due to Certain Concentrations</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240731.xsd#IDT_AllowanceForCreditLossesAndAllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsPolicyTextBlock" xlink:label="IDT_AllowanceForCreditLossesAndAllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsPolicyTextBlock" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_AllowanceForCreditLossesAndAllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="IDT_AllowanceForCreditLossesAndAllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_AllowanceForCreditLossesAndAllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Allowance for Credit Losses and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementPolicyPolicyTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementPolicyPolicyTextBlock" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementPolicyPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Fair Value Measurements</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_LesseeLeasesPolicyTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeLeasesPolicyTextBlock" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LesseeLeasesPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_LesseeLeasesPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeLeasesPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Leases</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsPolicyPolicyTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsPolicyPolicyTextBlock" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsPolicyPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Recently Adopted Accounting Standard&#8212;Segment Reporting</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240731.xsd#IDT_RecentlyIssuedAccountingStandardsNotYetAdoptedPolicyTextBlock" xlink:label="IDT_RecentlyIssuedAccountingStandardsNotYetAdoptedPolicyTextBlock" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_RecentlyIssuedAccountingStandardsNotYetAdoptedPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="IDT_RecentlyIssuedAccountingStandardsNotYetAdoptedPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_RecentlyIssuedAccountingStandardsNotYetAdoptedPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Recently Issued Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfErrorCorrectionsAndPriorPeriodAdjustmentsTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfErrorCorrectionsAndPriorPeriodAdjustmentsTextBlock" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfErrorCorrectionsAndPriorPeriodAdjustmentsTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfErrorCorrectionsAndPriorPeriodAdjustmentsTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfErrorCorrectionsAndPriorPeriodAdjustmentsTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of Amount that were Reclassified</link:label>
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      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_RevenueFromExternalCustomersByGeographicAreasTableTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_RevenueFromExternalCustomersByGeographicAreasTableTextBlock" />
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      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionTableTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionTableTextBlock" />
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      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_CapitalizedContractCostTableTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_CapitalizedContractCostTableTextBlock" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_SummaryOfValuationAllowanceTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Summary of Changes in Valuation Allowance</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardTable" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardTable" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardTable" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardTable_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of Share-Based Compensation Arrangements by Share-Based Payment Award [Table]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationStockOptionsActivityTableTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationStockOptionsActivityTableTextBlock" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationStockOptionsActivityTableTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationStockOptionsActivityTableTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationStockOptionsActivityTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of Stock Option Activity</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfSharebasedCompensationRestrictedStockAndRestrictedStockUnitsActivityTableTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfSharebasedCompensationRestrictedStockAndRestrictedStockUnitsActivityTableTextBlock" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfSharebasedCompensationRestrictedStockAndRestrictedStockUnitsActivityTableTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfSharebasedCompensationRestrictedStockAndRestrictedStockUnitsActivityTableTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfSharebasedCompensationRestrictedStockAndRestrictedStockUnitsActivityTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of Grants of Restricted Shares</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfAccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossTableTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfAccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossTableTextBlock" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfAccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossTableTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfAccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossTableTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfAccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of Accumulated Balances for Each Classification of Other Comprehensive Income Income (Loss)</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfProductInformationTable" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfProductInformationTable" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfProductInformationTable" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfProductInformationTable_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfProductInformationTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Nature of Operation, Product Information, Concentration of Risk [Table]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_ProductInformationLineItems" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProductInformationLineItems" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ProductInformationLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_ProductInformationLineItems_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProductInformationLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Product Information [Line Items]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense" xlink:to="us-gaap_SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Selling, general and administrative expense</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DepreciationAndAmortization" xlink:to="us-gaap_DepreciationAndAmortization_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_DepreciationAndAmortization_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Depreciation and amortization expense</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic" xlink:to="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Basic weighted-average number of shares</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToCallOptionsAndWarrants" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToCallOptionsAndWarrants" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToCallOptionsAndWarrants" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToCallOptionsAndWarrants_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToCallOptionsAndWarrants_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Stock options</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToNonvestedSharesWithForfeitableDividends" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToNonvestedSharesWithForfeitableDividends" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToNonvestedSharesWithForfeitableDividends" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToNonvestedSharesWithForfeitableDividends_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToNonvestedSharesWithForfeitableDividends_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Non-vested restricted Class B common stock</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding" xlink:to="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Diluted weighted-average number of shares</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodStartLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Allowance for doubtful accounts, Balance at beginning of year</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240731.xsd#IDT_ProvisionForAccountsReceivableDoubtfulAccounts" xlink:label="IDT_ProvisionForAccountsReceivableDoubtfulAccounts" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_ProvisionForAccountsReceivableDoubtfulAccounts" xlink:to="IDT_ProvisionForAccountsReceivableDoubtfulAccounts_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_ProvisionForAccountsReceivableDoubtfulAccounts_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Allowance for doubtful accounts, Additions charged to costs and expenses</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableWriteOffs" xlink:label="us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableWriteOffs" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableWriteOffs" xlink:to="us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableWriteOffs_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableWriteOffs_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Allowance for doubtful accounts, Deductions</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent_3_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodEndLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent_3_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Allowance for doubtful accounts, Balance at end of year</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_SettlementAssetsReserve" xlink:to="IDT_SettlementAssetsReserve_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodStartLabel" xlink:label="IDT_SettlementAssetsReserve_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Reserve for losses on settlement assets, Balance at beginning of year</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240731.xsd#IDT_ProvisionForSettlementAssetsReserve" xlink:label="IDT_ProvisionForSettlementAssetsReserve" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_ProvisionForSettlementAssetsReserve" xlink:to="IDT_ProvisionForSettlementAssetsReserve_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_ProvisionForSettlementAssetsReserve_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Reserve for losses on settlement assets, Additions charged to costs and expenses</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240731.xsd#IDT_SettlementAssetsReserveDeductions" xlink:label="IDT_SettlementAssetsReserveDeductions" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_SettlementAssetsReserveDeductions" xlink:to="IDT_SettlementAssetsReserveDeductions_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="IDT_SettlementAssetsReserveDeductions_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Reserve for losses on settlement assets, Deductions</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_SettlementAssetsReserve" xlink:to="IDT_SettlementAssetsReserve_3_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodEndLabel" xlink:label="IDT_SettlementAssetsReserve_3_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Reserve for losses on settlement assets, Balance at end of year</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240731.xsd#IDT_AllowanceAndReservesDeductedFromAssetAccountsBalance" xlink:label="IDT_AllowanceAndReservesDeductedFromAssetAccountsBalance" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_AllowanceAndReservesDeductedFromAssetAccountsBalance" xlink:to="IDT_AllowanceAndReservesDeductedFromAssetAccountsBalance_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodStartLabel" xlink:label="IDT_AllowanceAndReservesDeductedFromAssetAccountsBalance_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Allowance and reserves deducted from asset, Balance at beginning of year</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ProvisionForDoubtfulAccounts" xlink:to="us-gaap_ProvisionForDoubtfulAccounts_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProvisionForDoubtfulAccounts_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Allowance and reserves deducted from asset, Additions charged to costs and expenses</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240731.xsd#IDT_AllowanceAndReservesDeductedFromAssetAccountsDeductions" xlink:label="IDT_AllowanceAndReservesDeductedFromAssetAccountsDeductions" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_AllowanceAndReservesDeductedFromAssetAccountsDeductions" xlink:to="IDT_AllowanceAndReservesDeductedFromAssetAccountsDeductions_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="IDT_AllowanceAndReservesDeductedFromAssetAccountsDeductions_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Allowance and reserves deducted from asset, Deductions</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_AllowanceAndReservesDeductedFromAssetAccountsBalance" xlink:to="IDT_AllowanceAndReservesDeductedFromAssetAccountsBalance_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodEndLabel" xlink:label="IDT_AllowanceAndReservesDeductedFromAssetAccountsBalance_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Allowance and reserves deducted from asset, Balance at end of year</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfPropertyPlantAndEquipmentTable" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfPropertyPlantAndEquipmentTable" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfPropertyPlantAndEquipmentTable" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfPropertyPlantAndEquipmentTable_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfPropertyPlantAndEquipmentTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Property, Plant and Equipment [Table]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_NumberOfReportableSegments" xlink:label="us-gaap_NumberOfReportableSegments" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_NumberOfReportableSegments" xlink:to="us-gaap_NumberOfReportableSegments_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_NumberOfReportableSegments_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Number of reportable segments</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent" xlink:label="us-gaap_MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent" xlink:to="us-gaap_MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Ownership percentage</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240731.xsd#IDT_FullyDilutedMinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent" xlink:label="IDT_FullyDilutedMinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_FullyDilutedMinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent" xlink:to="IDT_FullyDilutedMinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_FullyDilutedMinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Fully diluted basis assuming vesting, percentage</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife" xlink:to="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Estimated useful lives of long-lived assets</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_AdvertisingExpense" xlink:label="us-gaap_AdvertisingExpense" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AdvertisingExpense" xlink:to="us-gaap_AdvertisingExpense_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AdvertisingExpense_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Advertising expense</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240731.xsd#IDT_InternalUseSoftwarePolicyDescription" xlink:label="IDT_InternalUseSoftwarePolicyDescription" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_InternalUseSoftwarePolicyDescription" xlink:to="IDT_InternalUseSoftwarePolicyDescription_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_InternalUseSoftwarePolicyDescription_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Internal use software policy description</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_CapitalizedComputerSoftwareAmortization1" xlink:label="us-gaap_CapitalizedComputerSoftwareAmortization1" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CapitalizedComputerSoftwareAmortization1" xlink:to="us-gaap_CapitalizedComputerSoftwareAmortization1_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CapitalizedComputerSoftwareAmortization1_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Amortization expense</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_CapitalizedComputerSoftwareNet" xlink:label="us-gaap_CapitalizedComputerSoftwareNet" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CapitalizedComputerSoftwareNet" xlink:to="us-gaap_CapitalizedComputerSoftwareNet_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CapitalizedComputerSoftwareNet_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Unamortized capital expense</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount" xlink:label="us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount" xlink:to="us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Shares excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240731.xsd#IDT_ConcentrationRiskThresholdPercentage" xlink:label="IDT_ConcentrationRiskThresholdPercentage" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_ConcentrationRiskThresholdPercentage" xlink:to="IDT_ConcentrationRiskThresholdPercentage_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_ConcentrationRiskThresholdPercentage_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Concentration risk threshold, percentage</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfSegmentReportingInformationBySegmentTable" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfSegmentReportingInformationBySegmentTable" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfSegmentReportingInformationBySegmentTable" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfSegmentReportingInformationBySegmentTable_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfSegmentReportingInformationBySegmentTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of Segment Reporting Information, by Segment [Table]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_SegmentReportingInformationLineItems" xlink:label="us-gaap_SegmentReportingInformationLineItems" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SegmentReportingInformationLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_SegmentReportingInformationLineItems_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_SegmentReportingInformationLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_Revenues" xlink:to="us-gaap_Revenues_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_Revenues_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Revenues</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Income (loss) from operations</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DepreciationAndAmortization" xlink:to="us-gaap_DepreciationAndAmortization_3_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_DepreciationAndAmortization_3_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Depreciation and amortization</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfRevenuesFromExternalCustomersAndLongLivedAssetsTable" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfRevenuesFromExternalCustomersAndLongLivedAssetsTable" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfRevenuesFromExternalCustomersAndLongLivedAssetsTable" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfRevenuesFromExternalCustomersAndLongLivedAssetsTable_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfRevenuesFromExternalCustomersAndLongLivedAssetsTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Table]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_RevenuesFromExternalCustomersAndLongLivedAssetsLineItems" xlink:label="us-gaap_RevenuesFromExternalCustomersAndLongLivedAssetsLineItems" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_RevenuesFromExternalCustomersAndLongLivedAssetsLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_RevenuesFromExternalCustomersAndLongLivedAssetsLineItems_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_RevenuesFromExternalCustomersAndLongLivedAssetsLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240731.xsd#IDT_EntityWideDisclosureOnGeographicAreasLongLivedAssetsAmount" xlink:label="IDT_EntityWideDisclosureOnGeographicAreasLongLivedAssetsAmount" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_EntityWideDisclosureOnGeographicAreasLongLivedAssetsAmount" xlink:to="IDT_EntityWideDisclosureOnGeographicAreasLongLivedAssetsAmount_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_EntityWideDisclosureOnGeographicAreasLongLivedAssetsAmount_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Long-lived assets, net</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_Assets" xlink:to="us-gaap_Assets_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_Assets_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Total assets</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueTable" xlink:label="us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueTable" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueTable" xlink:to="us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueTable_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Disaggregation of Revenue [Table]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems" xlink:label="us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_Revenues" xlink:to="us-gaap_Revenues_3_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_Revenues_3_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">TOTAL</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionTable" xlink:label="us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionTable" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionTable" xlink:to="us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionTable_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Table]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionLineItems" xlink:label="us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionLineItems" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionLineItems_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligation" xlink:label="us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligation" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligation" xlink:to="us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligation_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligation_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">TOTAL</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionPeriod1" xlink:label="us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionPeriod1" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionPeriod1" xlink:to="us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionPeriod1_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionPeriod1_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Remaining Performance Obligations, Years</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_CapitalizedContractCostNetCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_CapitalizedContractCostNetCurrent" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CapitalizedContractCostNetCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_CapitalizedContractCostNetCurrent_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CapitalizedContractCostNetCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Deferred customer contract acquisition costs included in &#8220;Other current assets&#8221;</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_CapitalizedContractCostNetNoncurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_CapitalizedContractCostNetNoncurrent" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CapitalizedContractCostNetNoncurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_CapitalizedContractCostNetNoncurrent_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CapitalizedContractCostNetNoncurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Deferred customer contract acquisition costs included in &#8220;Other assets&#8221;</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_CapitalizedContractCostNet" xlink:label="us-gaap_CapitalizedContractCostNet" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CapitalizedContractCostNet" xlink:to="us-gaap_CapitalizedContractCostNet_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_CapitalizedContractCostNet_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">TOTAL</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityRevenueRecognized" xlink:label="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityRevenueRecognized" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityRevenueRecognized" xlink:to="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityRevenueRecognized_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityRevenueRecognized_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Contract liability</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_CapitalizedContractCostAmortization" xlink:label="us-gaap_CapitalizedContractCostAmortization" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CapitalizedContractCostAmortization" xlink:to="us-gaap_CapitalizedContractCostAmortization_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CapitalizedContractCostAmortization_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Capitalized contract cost, amortization</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_DisclosureLeasesAbstract" xlink:to="IDT_DisclosureLeasesAbstract_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="IDT_DisclosureLeasesAbstract_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule Of Supplemental Disclosures Related To Companys Operating Leases</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeaseCost" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseCost" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseCost" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseCost_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseCost_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Operating lease cost</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_ShortTermLeaseCost" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShortTermLeaseCost" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShortTermLeaseCost" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShortTermLeaseCost_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShortTermLeaseCost_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Short-term lease cost</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_LeaseCost" xlink:label="us-gaap_LeaseCost" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LeaseCost" xlink:to="us-gaap_LeaseCost_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LeaseCost_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">TOTAL LEASE COST</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeasePayments" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeasePayments" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingLeasePayments" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeasePayments_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeasePayments_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities: Operating cash flows from operating leases</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_DisclosureLeasesAbstract" xlink:to="IDT_DisclosureLeasesAbstract_3_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="IDT_DisclosureLeasesAbstract_3_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule Of Supplemental Disclosures Related Weighted Average Operating Leases</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageRemainingLeaseTerm1" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageRemainingLeaseTerm1" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageRemainingLeaseTerm1" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageRemainingLeaseTerm1_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageRemainingLeaseTerm1_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Operating lease, weighted average remaining lease term</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageDiscountRatePercent" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageDiscountRatePercent" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageDiscountRatePercent" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageDiscountRatePercent_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageDiscountRatePercent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Operating lease, weighted average discount rate, percent</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Operating lease liabilities included in &#8220;Other current liabilities&#8221;</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrentStatementOfFinancialPositionExtensibleList" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrentStatementOfFinancialPositionExtensibleList" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrentStatementOfFinancialPositionExtensibleList" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrentStatementOfFinancialPositionExtensibleList_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrentStatementOfFinancialPositionExtensibleList_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Operating Lease, Liability, Current, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Operating lease liabilities included in noncurrent liabilities</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiability" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiability" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiability" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiability_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiability_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">TOTAL</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueNextRollingTwelveMonths" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueNextRollingTwelveMonths" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueNextRollingTwelveMonths" xlink:to="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueNextRollingTwelveMonths_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueNextRollingTwelveMonths_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">2025</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearTwo" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearTwo" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearTwo" xlink:to="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearTwo_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearTwo_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">2026</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearThree" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearThree" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearThree" xlink:to="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearThree_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearThree_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">2027</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearFour" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearFour" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearFour" xlink:to="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearFour_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearFour_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">2028</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearFive" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearFive" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearFive" xlink:to="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearFive_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearFive_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">2029</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueAfterRollingYearFive" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueAfterRollingYearFive" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueAfterRollingYearFive" xlink:to="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueAfterRollingYearFive_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueAfterRollingYearFive_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Thereafter</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue" xlink:to="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Total lease payments</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityUndiscountedExcessAmount" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityUndiscountedExcessAmount" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityUndiscountedExcessAmount" xlink:to="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityUndiscountedExcessAmount_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityUndiscountedExcessAmount_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Less imputed interest</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiability" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiability_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiability_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Total operating lease liabilities</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseTermOfContract" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseTermOfContract" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseTermOfContract" xlink:to="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseTermOfContract_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseTermOfContract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Lessee, operating lease, term of contract</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseDescription" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseDescription" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseDescription" xlink:to="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseDescription_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseDescription_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Lessee operating lease, description</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseCost" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseCost_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseCost_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Incurred lease cost</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_RightOfUseAssetObtainedInExchangeForOperatingLeaseLiability" xlink:label="us-gaap_RightOfUseAssetObtainedInExchangeForOperatingLeaseLiability" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_RightOfUseAssetObtainedInExchangeForOperatingLeaseLiability" xlink:to="us-gaap_RightOfUseAssetObtainedInExchangeForOperatingLeaseLiability_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_RightOfUseAssetObtainedInExchangeForOperatingLeaseLiability_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Right of use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240731.xsd#IDT_RightOfUseAssetReductionFromLeaseModification" xlink:label="IDT_RightOfUseAssetReductionFromLeaseModification" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_RightOfUseAssetReductionFromLeaseModification" xlink:to="IDT_RightOfUseAssetReductionFromLeaseModification_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_RightOfUseAssetReductionFromLeaseModification_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Right of use assets</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingLeaseLiability" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingLeaseLiability" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingLeaseLiability" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingLeaseLiability_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingLeaseLiability_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Reduction in operating lease liability</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents" xlink:to="us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents_3_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents_3_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">TOTAL CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS, AND RESTRICTED CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue" xlink:to="us-gaap_RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Restricted cash and cash equivalents, current</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue" xlink:to="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Cash and cash equivalents, at carrying value</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireBusinessesGross" xlink:label="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireBusinessesGross" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireBusinessesGross" xlink:to="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireBusinessesGross_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireBusinessesGross_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Cash paid</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_CashAcquiredFromAcquisition" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashAcquiredFromAcquisition" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CashAcquiredFromAcquisition" xlink:to="us-gaap_CashAcquiredFromAcquisition_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashAcquiredFromAcquisition_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Cash acquired</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireBusinessesNetOfCashAcquired" xlink:to="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireBusinessesNetOfCashAcquired_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireBusinessesNetOfCashAcquired_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Cash paid, net of cash acquired</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueAcquisitions" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueAcquisitions_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueAcquisitions_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Shares of the Company&#8217;s Class B common stock</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferredLiabilitiesIncurred" xlink:label="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferredLiabilitiesIncurred" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferredLiabilitiesIncurred" xlink:to="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferredLiabilitiesIncurred_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferredLiabilitiesIncurred_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Future payments subject to holdback</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Contingent consideration</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferred1" xlink:label="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferred1" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferred1" xlink:to="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferred1_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferred1_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Total fair value of consideration, net of cash acquired</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCurrentAssetsReceivables" xlink:label="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCurrentAssetsReceivables" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCurrentAssetsReceivables" xlink:to="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCurrentAssetsReceivables_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCurrentAssetsReceivables_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Trade accounts receivable</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCurrentAssetsPrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssets" xlink:label="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCurrentAssetsPrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssets" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCurrentAssetsPrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssets" xlink:to="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCurrentAssetsPrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssets_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCurrentAssetsPrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssets_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Prepaid expenses</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCurrentAssetsOther" xlink:label="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCurrentAssetsOther" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCurrentAssetsOther" xlink:to="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCurrentAssetsOther_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCurrentAssetsOther_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Other current assets</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCurrentAssets" xlink:label="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCurrentAssets" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCurrentAssets" xlink:to="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCurrentAssets_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCurrentAssets_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Current assets</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedPropertyPlantAndEquipment" xlink:label="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedPropertyPlantAndEquipment" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedPropertyPlantAndEquipment" xlink:to="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedPropertyPlantAndEquipment_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedPropertyPlantAndEquipment_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Property, plant, and equipment (mainly acquired technology)</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240731.xsd#IDT_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCustomerRelationships" xlink:label="IDT_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCustomerRelationships" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCustomerRelationships" xlink:to="IDT_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCustomerRelationships_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCustomerRelationships_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Customer relationships (7-year useful lives)</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedIntangibles" xlink:label="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedIntangibles" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedIntangibles_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Tradename (5-year useful life)</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240731.xsd#IDT_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedNonCompleteAgreements" xlink:label="IDT_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedNonCompleteAgreements" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedNonCompleteAgreements" xlink:to="IDT_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedNonCompleteAgreements_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedNonCompleteAgreements_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Non-compete agreements (6-year useful lives)</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240731.xsd#IDT_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedOperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset" xlink:label="IDT_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedOperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedOperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset" xlink:to="IDT_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedOperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedOperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Operating lease right-of-use asset</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedOtherNoncurrentAssets" xlink:label="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedOtherNoncurrentAssets" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedOtherNoncurrentAssets" xlink:to="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedOtherNoncurrentAssets_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedOtherNoncurrentAssets_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Other assets</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedDeferredTaxAssets" xlink:label="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedDeferredTaxAssets" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedDeferredTaxAssets_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Deferred income tax assets</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCurrentLiabilitiesAccountsPayable" xlink:label="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCurrentLiabilitiesAccountsPayable" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCurrentLiabilitiesAccountsPayable" xlink:to="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCurrentLiabilitiesAccountsPayable_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCurrentLiabilitiesAccountsPayable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Trade accounts payable</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240731.xsd#IDT_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedLiabilitiesOther" xlink:label="IDT_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedLiabilitiesOther" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedLiabilitiesOther" xlink:to="IDT_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedLiabilitiesOther_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="IDT_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedLiabilitiesOther_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Other current liabilities</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240731.xsd#IDT_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCurrentLiabilitiesAccruedLiabilities" xlink:label="IDT_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCurrentLiabilitiesAccruedLiabilities" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCurrentLiabilitiesAccruedLiabilities" xlink:to="IDT_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCurrentLiabilitiesAccruedLiabilities_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="IDT_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCurrentLiabilitiesAccruedLiabilities_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Accrued expenses</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240731.xsd#IDT_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedOperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent" xlink:label="IDT_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedOperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedOperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent" xlink:to="IDT_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedOperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="IDT_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedOperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Operating lease liability current portion</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240731.xsd#IDT_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedOperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent" xlink:label="IDT_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedOperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="IDT_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedOperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Operating lease liability noncurrent portion</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredGoodwillAndLiabilitiesAssumedNet" xlink:label="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredGoodwillAndLiabilitiesAssumedNet" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredGoodwillAndLiabilitiesAssumedNet" xlink:to="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredGoodwillAndLiabilitiesAssumedNet_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredGoodwillAndLiabilitiesAssumedNet_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Net assets acquired excluding cash</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetUsefulLife" xlink:label="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetUsefulLife" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetUsefulLife" xlink:to="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetUsefulLife_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetUsefulLife_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Finite-Lived Intangible Asset, Useful Life</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferred1" xlink:to="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferred1_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferred1_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Business Combination, Consideration Transferred</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireBusinessesGross" xlink:to="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireBusinessesGross_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireBusinessesGross_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Payments to Acquire Businesses, Gross</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesAcquisitions" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesAcquisitions_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesAcquisitions_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Stock issued during period, shares, acquisitions</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueAcquisitions" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueAcquisitions_3_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueAcquisitions_3_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Stock issued during period, value, acquisitions</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferredLiabilitiesIncurred" xlink:to="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferredLiabilitiesIncurred_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferredLiabilitiesIncurred_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Business Combination, Consideration Transferred, Liabilities Incurred</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsDescription" xlink:label="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsDescription" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsDescription" xlink:to="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsDescription_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsDescription_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Contingent consideration, description</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsRangeOfOutcomesValueHigh" xlink:label="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsRangeOfOutcomesValueHigh" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsRangeOfOutcomesValueHigh" xlink:to="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsRangeOfOutcomesValueHigh_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsRangeOfOutcomesValueHigh_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Payment on contingent consideration</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability1" xlink:label="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability1" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability1_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Write-off of contingent consideration</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis" xlink:label="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis" xlink:to="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Amortized Cost</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax" xlink:label="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax" xlink:to="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax" xlink:label="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax" xlink:to="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities" xlink:label="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities" xlink:to="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesWithinOneYearFairValue" xlink:label="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesWithinOneYearFairValue" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesWithinOneYearFairValue" xlink:to="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesWithinOneYearFairValue_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesWithinOneYearFairValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Within one year</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesAfterOneThroughFiveYearsFairValue" xlink:label="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesAfterOneThroughFiveYearsFairValue" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesAfterOneThroughFiveYearsFairValue" xlink:to="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesAfterOneThroughFiveYearsFairValue_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesAfterOneThroughFiveYearsFairValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">After one year through five years</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesAfterFiveThroughTenYearsFairValue" xlink:label="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesAfterFiveThroughTenYearsFairValue" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesAfterFiveThroughTenYearsFairValue" xlink:to="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesAfterFiveThroughTenYearsFairValue_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesAfterFiveThroughTenYearsFairValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">After five years through ten years</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesAfterTenYearsFairValue" xlink:label="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesAfterTenYearsFairValue" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesAfterTenYearsFairValue" xlink:to="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesAfterTenYearsFairValue_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesAfterTenYearsFairValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">After ten years</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities" xlink:to="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">TOTAL</link:label>
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      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition" />
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      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerAccumulatedLoss" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerAccumulatedLoss" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerAccumulatedLoss_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, 12 Months or Longer, Accumulated Loss</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLonger" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLonger" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLonger_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, 12 Months or Longer</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_ProceedsFromSaleAndMaturityOfAvailableForSaleSecurities" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromSaleAndMaturityOfAvailableForSaleSecurities" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromSaleAndMaturityOfAvailableForSaleSecurities_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Proceeds from sale and maturity of debt securities, available-for-sale</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesFvNi_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Current equity investments</link:label>
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_NumberOfRelatedPartySharesReceived" xlink:to="IDT_NumberOfRelatedPartySharesReceived_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_NumberOfRelatedPartySharesReceived_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Number of related party shares received</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueAmount" xlink:label="us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueAmount" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueAmount" xlink:to="us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueAmount_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
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      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueUpwardPriceAdjustmentAnnualAmount" xlink:label="us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueUpwardPriceAdjustmentAnnualAmount" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueUpwardPriceAdjustmentAnnualAmount_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Upward adjustment</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240731.xsd#IDT_RedemptionForVisaMandatoryReleaseAssessment" xlink:label="IDT_RedemptionForVisaMandatoryReleaseAssessment" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_RedemptionForVisaMandatoryReleaseAssessment_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Redemption for Visa Series C Preferred mandatory release assessment</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240731.xsd#IDT_EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValuePurchaseAmount" xlink:label="IDT_EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValuePurchaseAmount" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValuePurchaseAmount" xlink:to="IDT_EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValuePurchaseAmount_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValuePurchaseAmount_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Purchase</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240731.xsd#IDT_AdjustmentForObservableTransactionsInvolvingSimilarInvestmentFromSameIssuer" xlink:label="IDT_AdjustmentForObservableTransactionsInvolvingSimilarInvestmentFromSameIssuer" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_AdjustmentForObservableTransactionsInvolvingSimilarInvestmentFromSameIssuer_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Adjustment for observable transactions involving a similar investment from the same issuer</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240731.xsd#IDT_EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueRedemptionsAmount" xlink:label="IDT_EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueRedemptionsAmount" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueRedemptionsAmount" xlink:to="IDT_EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueRedemptionsAmount_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueRedemptionsAmount_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Redemptions</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueImpairmentLossAnnualAmount" xlink:label="us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueImpairmentLossAnnualAmount" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueImpairmentLossAnnualAmount_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Impairments</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueAmount" xlink:to="us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueAmount_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodEndLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueAmount_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">BALANCE, END OF PERIOD</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesFvNiGainLoss" xlink:label="us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesFvNiGainLoss" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesFvNiGainLoss" xlink:to="us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesFvNiGainLoss_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesFvNiGainLoss_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Net gains (losses) recognized during the period on equity investments</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240731.xsd#IDT_EquitySecuritiesFvNiRecognizedGainLossNetOnEquitySecuritiesRedeemed" xlink:label="IDT_EquitySecuritiesFvNiRecognizedGainLossNetOnEquitySecuritiesRedeemed" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_EquitySecuritiesFvNiRecognizedGainLossNetOnEquitySecuritiesRedeemed_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Less: net gains recognized during the period on equity investments sold during the period</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesFvNiUnrealizedGainLoss" xlink:label="us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesFvNiUnrealizedGainLoss" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesFvNiUnrealizedGainLoss_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Unrealized gains (losses) recognized during the period on equity investments still held at the reporting date</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfDefinedBenefitPlansDisclosuresTable" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfDefinedBenefitPlansDisclosuresTable" />
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      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanDisclosureLineItems" xlink:label="us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanDisclosureLineItems" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanDisclosureLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestments" xlink:label="us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestments" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestments" xlink:to="us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestments_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodStartLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestments_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Balance, beginning of period</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireEquityMethodInvestments" xlink:to="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireEquityMethodInvestments_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireEquityMethodInvestments_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Purchase of convertible preferred stock</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="IDT_ConversionOfEquityMethodInvestmentsSecuredPromissoryNotesIntoConvertiblePreferredStock_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Conversion of secured promissory notes into convertible preferred stock</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Equity in the net loss of investee</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240731.xsd#IDT_AmortizationOfEquityMethodBasisDifference" xlink:label="IDT_AmortizationOfEquityMethodBasisDifference" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_AmortizationOfEquityMethodBasisDifference" xlink:to="IDT_AmortizationOfEquityMethodBasisDifference_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_AmortizationOfEquityMethodBasisDifference_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Amortization of equity method basis difference</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestments" xlink:to="us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestments_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodEndLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestments_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">BALANCE, END OF PERIOD</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_InvestmentOwnedBalanceShares" xlink:label="us-gaap_InvestmentOwnedBalanceShares" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_InvestmentOwnedBalanceShares_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Owned shares</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueRedemptionsAmount" xlink:to="IDT_EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueRedemptionsAmount_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="IDT_EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueRedemptionsAmount_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Cash</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage" xlink:label="us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Ownership percentage</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentDifferenceBetweenCarryingAmountAndUnderlyingEquity" xlink:label="us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentDifferenceBetweenCarryingAmountAndUnderlyingEquity" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentDifferenceBetweenCarryingAmountAndUnderlyingEquity" xlink:to="us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentDifferenceBetweenCarryingAmountAndUnderlyingEquity_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentDifferenceBetweenCarryingAmountAndUnderlyingEquity_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Equity method investment, aggregate cost</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentDifferenceBetweenCarryingAmountAndUnderlyingEquityAccountingTreatment" xlink:label="us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentDifferenceBetweenCarryingAmountAndUnderlyingEquityAccountingTreatment" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ReceivableWithImputedInterestFaceAmount_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Secured promissory notes</link:label>
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      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_ReceivableWithImputedInterestDueDates" xlink:label="us-gaap_ReceivableWithImputedInterestDueDates" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ReceivableWithImputedInterestDueDates" xlink:to="us-gaap_ReceivableWithImputedInterestDueDates_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ReceivableWithImputedInterestDueDates_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Imputed interest due date</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisTable" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisTable" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisTable" xlink:to="us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisTable_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Fair Value, Recurring and Nonrecurring [Table]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisLineItems" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisLineItems" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisLineItems_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities" xlink:to="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_3_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_3_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Debt securities</link:label>
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_EquityInvestmentsCurrentAsset" xlink:to="IDT_EquityInvestmentsCurrentAsset_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_EquityInvestmentsCurrentAsset_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Equity investments included in current assets</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240731.xsd#IDT_EquityInvestmentsNoncurrentAssets" xlink:label="IDT_EquityInvestmentsNoncurrentAssets" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_EquityInvestmentsNoncurrentAssets" xlink:to="IDT_EquityInvestmentsNoncurrentAssets_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
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      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure" xlink:label="us-gaap_InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure" xlink:to="us-gaap_InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Total</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityCurrent" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityCurrent_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Acquisition consideration included in other current liabilities</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Acquisition consideration included in other noncurrent liabilities</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240731.xsd#IDT_ContingentConsiderationIncludedInOtherLiabilities" xlink:label="IDT_ContingentConsiderationIncludedInOtherLiabilities" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_ContingentConsiderationIncludedInOtherLiabilities" xlink:to="IDT_ContingentConsiderationIncludedInOtherLiabilities_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_ContingentConsiderationIncludedInOtherLiabilities_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Acquisition consideration included in other liabilities</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetValue" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetValue" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetValue" xlink:to="us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetValue_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodStartLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Balance, beginning of period</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="IDT_RedemptionForVisaMandatoryReleaseAssessment_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Redemption for Visa mandatory release assessment</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetGainLossIncludedInEarnings1" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetGainLossIncludedInEarnings1" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetGainLossIncludedInEarnings1" xlink:to="us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetGainLossIncludedInEarnings1_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetGainLossIncludedInEarnings1_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Total gains (losses) included in &#8220;Other expense, net&#8221;</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueRecurringBasisUnobservableInputReconciliationAssetGainLossStatementOfIncomeExtensibleList" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueRecurringBasisUnobservableInputReconciliationAssetGainLossStatementOfIncomeExtensibleList" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_FairValueRecurringBasisUnobservableInputReconciliationAssetGainLossStatementOfIncomeExtensibleList" xlink:to="us-gaap_FairValueRecurringBasisUnobservableInputReconciliationAssetGainLossStatementOfIncomeExtensibleList_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueRecurringBasisUnobservableInputReconciliationAssetGainLossStatementOfIncomeExtensibleList_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Fair Value, Asset, Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Gain (Loss), Statement of Income or Comprehensive Income [Extensible Enumeration]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetValue" xlink:to="us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetValue_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodEndLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetValue_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">BALANCE, END OF PERIOD</link:label>
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_FairValueAssetsMeasuredOnRecurringBasisChangeInUnrealizedGainLoss" xlink:to="us-gaap_FairValueAssetsMeasuredOnRecurringBasisChangeInUnrealizedGainLoss_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueAssetsMeasuredOnRecurringBasisChangeInUnrealizedGainLoss_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Change in unrealized gains or losses for the period included in earnings for assets held at the end of the period</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationsRecurringBasisLiabilityValue" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationsRecurringBasisLiabilityValue" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodStartLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationsRecurringBasisLiabilityValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Balance, beginning of period</link:label>
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      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueRecurringBasisUnobservableInputReconciliationLiabilityGainLossStatementOfIncomeExtensibleList" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueRecurringBasisUnobservableInputReconciliationLiabilityGainLossStatementOfIncomeExtensibleList" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueRecurringBasisUnobservableInputReconciliationLiabilityGainLossStatementOfIncomeExtensibleList_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Fair Value, Liability, Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Gain (Loss), Statement of Income or Comprehensive Income [Extensible Enumeration]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240731.xsd#IDT_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisLiabilityInterestExpense" xlink:label="IDT_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisLiabilityInterestExpense" />
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      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisLiabilityGainLossIncludedInOtherComprehensiveIncome" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisLiabilityGainLossIncludedInOtherComprehensiveIncome" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodEndLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationsRecurringBasisLiabilityValue_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">BALANCE, END OF PERIOD</link:label>
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_FairValueLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringBasisChangeInUnrealizedGainLoss" xlink:to="us-gaap_FairValueLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringBasisChangeInUnrealizedGainLoss_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
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      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueOptionQuantitativeDisclosuresTable" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueOptionQuantitativeDisclosuresTable" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_FairValueOptionQuantitativeDisclosuresTable" xlink:to="us-gaap_FairValueOptionQuantitativeDisclosuresTable_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueOptionQuantitativeDisclosuresTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Fair Value Option, Disclosures [Table]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueOptionQuantitativeDisclosuresLineItems" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueOptionQuantitativeDisclosuresLineItems" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_FairValueOptionQuantitativeDisclosuresLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_FairValueOptionQuantitativeDisclosuresLineItems_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueOptionQuantitativeDisclosuresLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Fair Value, Option, Quantitative Disclosures [Line Items]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240731.xsd#IDT_InvestmentInHedgeFunds" xlink:label="IDT_InvestmentInHedgeFunds" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_InvestmentInHedgeFunds" xlink:to="IDT_InvestmentInHedgeFunds_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_InvestmentInHedgeFunds_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Investment in hedge funds</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_PaymentForContingentConsiderationLiabilityInvestingActivities" xlink:label="us-gaap_PaymentForContingentConsiderationLiabilityInvestingActivities" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PaymentForContingentConsiderationLiabilityInvestingActivities" xlink:to="us-gaap_PaymentForContingentConsiderationLiabilityInvestingActivities_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PaymentForContingentConsiderationLiabilityInvestingActivities_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Contingent consideration payment</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesAcquisitions" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesAcquisitions_3_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesAcquisitions_3_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Number of shares issued in acquisition</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability1" xlink:to="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability1_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability1_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Gain on write-off of contingent consideration payment obligation</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_LiabilitiesFairValueAdjustment" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesFairValueAdjustment" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LiabilitiesFairValueAdjustment" xlink:to="us-gaap_LiabilitiesFairValueAdjustment_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesFairValueAdjustment_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Estimated fair value of contingent consideration</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_MachineryAndEquipmentGross" xlink:label="us-gaap_MachineryAndEquipmentGross" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_MachineryAndEquipmentGross" xlink:to="us-gaap_MachineryAndEquipmentGross_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_MachineryAndEquipmentGross_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Equipment</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_CapitalizedComputerSoftwareGross" xlink:label="us-gaap_CapitalizedComputerSoftwareGross" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CapitalizedComputerSoftwareGross" xlink:to="us-gaap_CapitalizedComputerSoftwareGross_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CapitalizedComputerSoftwareGross_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Computer software</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_LeaseholdImprovementsGross" xlink:label="us-gaap_LeaseholdImprovementsGross" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LeaseholdImprovementsGross" xlink:to="us-gaap_LeaseholdImprovementsGross_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LeaseholdImprovementsGross_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Leasehold improvements</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_FurnitureAndFixturesGross" xlink:label="us-gaap_FurnitureAndFixturesGross" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_FurnitureAndFixturesGross" xlink:to="us-gaap_FurnitureAndFixturesGross_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_FurnitureAndFixturesGross_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Furniture and fixtures</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross" xlink:to="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Property, plant and equipment, gross</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Less accumulated depreciation and amortization</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet" xlink:to="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Property, plant, and equipment, net</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentDisposals" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentDisposals" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentDisposals" xlink:to="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentDisposals_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentDisposals_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Disposal of property, plant and equipment</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_Depreciation" xlink:label="us-gaap_Depreciation" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_Depreciation" xlink:to="us-gaap_Depreciation_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_Depreciation_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Depreciation expense</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_OtherExpenses" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherExpenses" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherExpenses" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherExpenses_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherExpenses_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Expenses for telephone equipment</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfIndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsTable" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfIndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsTable" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfIndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsTable" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfIndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsTable_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfIndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Intangible Asset, Indefinite-Lived [Table]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassLineItems" xlink:label="us-gaap_IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassLineItems" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassLineItems_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_Goodwill" xlink:to="us-gaap_Goodwill_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodStartLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_Goodwill_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Balance at beginning</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_GoodwillAcquiredDuringPeriod" xlink:label="us-gaap_GoodwillAcquiredDuringPeriod" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_GoodwillAcquiredDuringPeriod" xlink:to="us-gaap_GoodwillAcquiredDuringPeriod_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_GoodwillAcquiredDuringPeriod_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Acquisitions</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_GoodwillPurchaseAccountingAdjustments" xlink:label="us-gaap_GoodwillPurchaseAccountingAdjustments" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_GoodwillPurchaseAccountingAdjustments" xlink:to="us-gaap_GoodwillPurchaseAccountingAdjustments_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_GoodwillPurchaseAccountingAdjustments_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Adjustment</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_GoodwillForeignCurrencyTranslationGainLoss" xlink:label="us-gaap_GoodwillForeignCurrencyTranslationGainLoss" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_GoodwillForeignCurrencyTranslationGainLoss" xlink:to="us-gaap_GoodwillForeignCurrencyTranslationGainLoss_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_GoodwillForeignCurrencyTranslationGainLoss_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Foreign currency translation adjustments</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_Goodwill" xlink:to="us-gaap_Goodwill_3_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodEndLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_Goodwill_3_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Balance at end</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_AcquiredFiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsWeightedAverageUsefulLife" xlink:label="us-gaap_AcquiredFiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsWeightedAverageUsefulLife" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AcquiredFiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsWeightedAverageUsefulLife" xlink:to="us-gaap_AcquiredFiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsWeightedAverageUsefulLife_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AcquiredFiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsWeightedAverageUsefulLife_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Acquired Finite-lived Intangible Assets, Weighted Average Useful Life</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsGross" xlink:label="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsGross" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsGross" xlink:to="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsGross_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsGross_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Gross Carrying Amount</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAccumulatedAmortization" xlink:label="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAccumulatedAmortization" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAccumulatedAmortization" xlink:to="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAccumulatedAmortization_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAccumulatedAmortization_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Accumulated Amortization</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNet" xlink:label="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNet" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNet" xlink:to="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNet_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNet_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Net Balance</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240731.xsd#IDT_LossOnDisposalOfIntangibleAsset" xlink:label="IDT_LossOnDisposalOfIntangibleAsset" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_LossOnDisposalOfIntangibleAsset" xlink:to="IDT_LossOnDisposalOfIntangibleAsset_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_LossOnDisposalOfIntangibleAsset_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Loss on disposal of intangible assets</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_AmortizationOfIntangibleAssets" xlink:label="us-gaap_AmortizationOfIntangibleAssets" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AmortizationOfIntangibleAssets" xlink:to="us-gaap_AmortizationOfIntangibleAssets_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AmortizationOfIntangibleAssets_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Amortization of intangible assets</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseNextTwelveMonths" xlink:label="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseNextTwelveMonths" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseNextTwelveMonths" xlink:to="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseNextTwelveMonths_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseNextTwelveMonths_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Amortization expense of intangible assets in fiscal 2025</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseYearTwo" xlink:label="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseYearTwo" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseYearTwo" xlink:to="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseYearTwo_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseYearTwo_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Amortization expense of intangible assets in fiscal 2026</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseYearThree" xlink:label="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseYearThree" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseYearThree" xlink:to="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseYearThree_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseYearThree_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Amortization expense of intangible assets in fiscal 2027</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseYearFour" xlink:label="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseYearFour" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseYearFour" xlink:to="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseYearFour_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseYearFour_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Amortization expense of intangible assets in fiscal 2028</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseYearFive" xlink:label="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseYearFive" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseYearFive" xlink:to="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseYearFive_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseYearFive_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Amortization expense of intangible assets in fiscal 2029</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240731.xsd#IDT_VariableInterestEntityNetIncomeLosstAmount" xlink:label="IDT_VariableInterestEntityNetIncomeLosstAmount" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_VariableInterestEntityNetIncomeLosstAmount" xlink:to="IDT_VariableInterestEntityNetIncomeLosstAmount_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_VariableInterestEntityNetIncomeLosstAmount_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Net income of the VIE</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240731.xsd#IDT_VariableInterestEntityAggregateFundingRepaidToProvidedByReportingEntity" xlink:label="IDT_VariableInterestEntityAggregateFundingRepaidToProvidedByReportingEntity" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_VariableInterestEntityAggregateFundingRepaidToProvidedByReportingEntity" xlink:to="IDT_VariableInterestEntityAggregateFundingRepaidToProvidedByReportingEntity_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_VariableInterestEntityAggregateFundingRepaidToProvidedByReportingEntity_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Aggregate funding provided by (repaid to) the Company, net</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_ConsolidationLessThanWhollyOwnedSubsidiaryParentOwnershipInterestEffectsOfChangesNetTable" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConsolidationLessThanWhollyOwnedSubsidiaryParentOwnershipInterestEffectsOfChangesNetTable" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ConsolidationLessThanWhollyOwnedSubsidiaryParentOwnershipInterestEffectsOfChangesNetTable" xlink:to="us-gaap_ConsolidationLessThanWhollyOwnedSubsidiaryParentOwnershipInterestEffectsOfChangesNetTable_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConsolidationLessThanWhollyOwnedSubsidiaryParentOwnershipInterestEffectsOfChangesNetTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Consolidation, Less-than-Wholly-Owned Subsidiary, Parent Ownership Interest, Effect of Change [Table]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_ConsolidationLessThanWhollyOwnedSubsidiaryParentOwnershipInterestEffectsOfChangesNetLineItems" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConsolidationLessThanWhollyOwnedSubsidiaryParentOwnershipInterestEffectsOfChangesNetLineItems" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ConsolidationLessThanWhollyOwnedSubsidiaryParentOwnershipInterestEffectsOfChangesNetLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_ConsolidationLessThanWhollyOwnedSubsidiaryParentOwnershipInterestEffectsOfChangesNetLineItems_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConsolidationLessThanWhollyOwnedSubsidiaryParentOwnershipInterestEffectsOfChangesNetLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Consolidation, Less than Wholly Owned Subsidiary, Parent Ownership Interest, Effects of Changes, Net [Line Items]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_RestrictedCashCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_RestrictedCashCurrent" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_RestrictedCashCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_RestrictedCashCurrent_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_RestrictedCashCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Restricted cash</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ReceivablesNetCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_ReceivablesNetCurrent_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ReceivablesNetCurrent_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Trade accounts receivable, net</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_Assets" xlink:to="us-gaap_Assets_3_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_Assets_3_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">TOTAL ASSETS</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Due to the Company</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Accumulated other comprehensive income</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity" xlink:to="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">TOTAL LIABILITIES AND NONCONTROLLING INTERESTS</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfRestructuringAndRelatedCostsTable" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfRestructuringAndRelatedCostsTable" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfRestructuringAndRelatedCostsTable" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfRestructuringAndRelatedCostsTable_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfRestructuringAndRelatedCostsTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Restructuring Cost [Table]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_RestructuringCostAndReserveLineItems" xlink:label="us-gaap_RestructuringCostAndReserveLineItems" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_RestructuringCostAndReserveLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_RestructuringCostAndReserveLineItems_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_RestructuringCostAndReserveLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_LegalFees" xlink:label="us-gaap_LegalFees" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LegalFees" xlink:to="us-gaap_LegalFees_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_LegalFees_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Corporate &#8212;Straight Path Communications Inc. class action legal fees</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_UnusualOrInfrequentItemInsuranceProceeds" xlink:label="us-gaap_UnusualOrInfrequentItemInsuranceProceeds" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_UnusualOrInfrequentItemInsuranceProceeds" xlink:to="us-gaap_UnusualOrInfrequentItemInsuranceProceeds_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_UnusualOrInfrequentItemInsuranceProceeds_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Corporate &#8212;Straight Path Communications Inc. class action insurance claims</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeTaxCreditsAndAdjustments" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxCreditsAndAdjustments" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeTaxCreditsAndAdjustments" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncomeTaxCreditsAndAdjustments_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxCreditsAndAdjustments_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Corporate&#8212;Grow New Jersey Assistance Act tax credit</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240731.xsd#IDT_CorporateOther" xlink:label="IDT_CorporateOther" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_CorporateOther" xlink:to="IDT_CorporateOther_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="IDT_CorporateOther_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Corporate&#8212;other</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_LossOnDisposalOfIntangibleAsset" xlink:to="IDT_LossOnDisposalOfIntangibleAsset_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="IDT_LossOnDisposalOfIntangibleAsset_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Fintech&#8212;write-off of intangible asset</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability1" xlink:to="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability1_3_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedTerseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability1_3_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">write-off of contingent consideration liability</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240731.xsd#IDT_FintechgovernmentGrants" xlink:label="IDT_FintechgovernmentGrants" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_FintechgovernmentGrants" xlink:to="IDT_FintechgovernmentGrants_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_FintechgovernmentGrants_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Fintech&#8212;government grants</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240731.xsd#IDT_WriteoffOfTelephoneEquipment" xlink:label="IDT_WriteoffOfTelephoneEquipment" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_WriteoffOfTelephoneEquipment" xlink:to="IDT_WriteoffOfTelephoneEquipment_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="IDT_WriteoffOfTelephoneEquipment_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">net2phone&#8212;write-off of telephone equipment</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240731.xsd#IDT_Net2phoneother" xlink:label="IDT_Net2phoneother" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_Net2phoneother" xlink:to="IDT_Net2phoneother_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="IDT_Net2phoneother_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">net2phone&#8212;other</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240731.xsd#IDT_NationalRetailSolutionsWriteOffOfCapitalizedInternalUseSoftwareCosts" xlink:label="IDT_NationalRetailSolutionsWriteOffOfCapitalizedInternalUseSoftwareCosts" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_NationalRetailSolutionsWriteOffOfCapitalizedInternalUseSoftwareCosts" xlink:to="IDT_NationalRetailSolutionsWriteOffOfCapitalizedInternalUseSoftwareCosts_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_NationalRetailSolutionsWriteOffOfCapitalizedInternalUseSoftwareCosts_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">National Retail Solutions&#8212;write-off of capitalized internal use software costs</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240731.xsd#IDT_NationalRetailSolutionsOther" xlink:label="IDT_NationalRetailSolutionsOther" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_NationalRetailSolutionsOther" xlink:to="IDT_NationalRetailSolutionsOther_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_NationalRetailSolutionsOther_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">National Retail Solutions&#8212;other</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240731.xsd#IDT_TraditionalCommunicationswriteoffOfCapitalizedInternalUseSoftwareCosts" xlink:label="IDT_TraditionalCommunicationswriteoffOfCapitalizedInternalUseSoftwareCosts" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_TraditionalCommunicationswriteoffOfCapitalizedInternalUseSoftwareCosts" xlink:to="IDT_TraditionalCommunicationswriteoffOfCapitalizedInternalUseSoftwareCosts_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_TraditionalCommunicationswriteoffOfCapitalizedInternalUseSoftwareCosts_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Traditional Communications&#8212;write-off of capitalized internal use software costs</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240731.xsd#IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsCableTelephonyCustomerIndemnificationClaim" xlink:label="IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsCableTelephonyCustomerIndemnificationClaim" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsCableTelephonyCustomerIndemnificationClaim" xlink:to="IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsCableTelephonyCustomerIndemnificationClaim_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsCableTelephonyCustomerIndemnificationClaim_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Traditional Communications&#8212;cable telephony customer indemnification claim</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240731.xsd#IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsContingentConsiderationLiability" xlink:label="IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsContingentConsiderationLiability" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsContingentConsiderationLiability" xlink:to="IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsContingentConsiderationLiability_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsContingentConsiderationLiability_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Traditional Communications&#8212;increase in contingent consideration liability</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240731.xsd#IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsOther" xlink:label="IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsOther" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsOther" xlink:to="IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsOther_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsOther_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Traditional Communications&#8212;other</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseNet" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseNet_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseNet_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">TOTAL</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwardsTable" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwardsTable" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwardsTable" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwardsTable_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwardsTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Operating Loss Carryforwards [Table]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwardsLineItems" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwardsLineItems" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwardsLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwardsLineItems_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwardsLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_TaxCreditCarryforwardAmount" xlink:label="us-gaap_TaxCreditCarryforwardAmount" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_TaxCreditCarryforwardAmount" xlink:to="us-gaap_TaxCreditCarryforwardAmount_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_TaxCreditCarryforwardAmount_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Tax credit</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_Cash" xlink:label="us-gaap_Cash" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_Cash" xlink:to="us-gaap_Cash_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_Cash_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Cash</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability1" xlink:to="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability1_4_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability1_4_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Business Combination, Contingent Consideration Arrangements, Change in Amount of Contingent Consideration, Liability</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsContingentConsiderationLiability" xlink:to="IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsContingentConsiderationLiability_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsContingentConsiderationLiability_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Estimated fair value of acquisition related contingent consideration liability</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240731.xsd#IDT_WriteOffOfCapitalizedInternalUseSoftwareCosts" xlink:label="IDT_WriteOffOfCapitalizedInternalUseSoftwareCosts" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_WriteOffOfCapitalizedInternalUseSoftwareCosts" xlink:to="IDT_WriteOffOfCapitalizedInternalUseSoftwareCosts_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_WriteOffOfCapitalizedInternalUseSoftwareCosts_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Write-off of capitalized internal use software costs</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsCableTelephonyCustomerIndemnificationClaim" xlink:to="IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsCableTelephonyCustomerIndemnificationClaim_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsCableTelephonyCustomerIndemnificationClaim_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Traditional communications cable telephony customer indemnification claim</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityTable" xlink:label="us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityTable" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityTable" xlink:to="us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityTable_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Line of Credit Facility [Table]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityLineItems" xlink:label="us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityLineItems" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityLineItems_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity" xlink:label="us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity" xlink:to="us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Line of credit facility, maximum borrowing capacity</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_LineOfCredit" xlink:label="us-gaap_LineOfCredit" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LineOfCredit" xlink:to="us-gaap_LineOfCredit_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LineOfCredit_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Outstanding line of credit</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ProceedsFromLinesOfCredit" xlink:to="us-gaap_ProceedsFromLinesOfCredit_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromLinesOfCredit_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Proceeds from lines of credit</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_RepaymentsOfLinesOfCredit" xlink:to="us-gaap_RepaymentsOfLinesOfCredit_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_RepaymentsOfLinesOfCredit_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Repayments of lines of credit</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityDescription" xlink:label="us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityDescription" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityDescription" xlink:to="us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityDescription_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityDescription_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Credit facility, description</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_DebtInstrumentMaturityDate" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentMaturityDate" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentMaturityDate" xlink:to="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentMaturityDate_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentMaturityDate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Debt instrument maturity date</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityRemainingBorrowingCapacity" xlink:label="us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityRemainingBorrowingCapacity" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityRemainingBorrowingCapacity" xlink:to="us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityRemainingBorrowingCapacity_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityRemainingBorrowingCapacity_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Revolving credit, unused portion amount</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240731.xsd#IDT_CarrierMinutesTermination" xlink:label="IDT_CarrierMinutesTermination" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_CarrierMinutesTermination" xlink:to="IDT_CarrierMinutesTermination_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_CarrierMinutesTermination_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Carrier minutes termination</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240731.xsd#IDT_AccruedRegulatoryFeesCurrent" xlink:label="IDT_AccruedRegulatoryFeesCurrent" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_AccruedRegulatoryFeesCurrent" xlink:to="IDT_AccruedRegulatoryFeesCurrent_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_AccruedRegulatoryFeesCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Regulatory fees and taxes</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_EmployeeRelatedLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_EmployeeRelatedLiabilitiesCurrent" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_EmployeeRelatedLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_EmployeeRelatedLiabilitiesCurrent_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_EmployeeRelatedLiabilitiesCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Compensation costs</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240731.xsd#IDT_AccruedMaintenanceAndSupport" xlink:label="IDT_AccruedMaintenanceAndSupport" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_AccruedMaintenanceAndSupport" xlink:to="IDT_AccruedMaintenanceAndSupport_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_AccruedMaintenanceAndSupport_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Maintenance and support</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_AccruedSalesCommissionCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccruedSalesCommissionCurrent" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccruedSalesCommissionCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccruedSalesCommissionCurrent_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccruedSalesCommissionCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Commissions</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_AccruedProfessionalFeesCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccruedProfessionalFeesCurrent" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccruedProfessionalFeesCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccruedProfessionalFeesCurrent_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccruedProfessionalFeesCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Legal and professional fees</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_OtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Other</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">TOTAL</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_MinorityInterestTable" xlink:label="us-gaap_MinorityInterestTable" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_MinorityInterestTable" xlink:to="us-gaap_MinorityInterestTable_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_MinorityInterestTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Noncontrolling Interest [Table]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_MinorityInterestLineItems" xlink:label="us-gaap_MinorityInterestLineItems" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_MinorityInterestLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_MinorityInterestLineItems_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_MinorityInterestLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Noncontrolling Interest [Line Items]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAttributableToRedeemableNoncontrollingInterest" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAttributableToRedeemableNoncontrollingInterest" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAttributableToRedeemableNoncontrollingInterest" xlink:to="us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAttributableToRedeemableNoncontrollingInterest_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAttributableToRedeemableNoncontrollingInterest_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Net income of NRS attributable to the mezzanine equity&#8217;s noncontrolling interest</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240731.xsd#IDT_SaleOfStockPercentageOfSubsidiaryEquityIssuedInTransaction" xlink:label="IDT_SaleOfStockPercentageOfSubsidiaryEquityIssuedInTransaction" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_SaleOfStockPercentageOfSubsidiaryEquityIssuedInTransaction" xlink:to="IDT_SaleOfStockPercentageOfSubsidiaryEquityIssuedInTransaction_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_SaleOfStockPercentageOfSubsidiaryEquityIssuedInTransaction_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Capital stock outstanding percentage</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_SaleOfStockConsiderationReceivedOnTransaction" xlink:label="us-gaap_SaleOfStockConsiderationReceivedOnTransaction" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SaleOfStockConsiderationReceivedOnTransaction" xlink:to="us-gaap_SaleOfStockConsiderationReceivedOnTransaction_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_SaleOfStockConsiderationReceivedOnTransaction_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Sale of stock, consideration received on transaction</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossRealized" xlink:label="us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossRealized" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossRealized" xlink:to="us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossRealized_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossRealized_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Foreign currency transaction (losses) gains</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Equity in net loss of investee</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_GainLossOnInvestments" xlink:label="us-gaap_GainLossOnInvestments" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_GainLossOnInvestments" xlink:to="us-gaap_GainLossOnInvestments_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_GainLossOnInvestments_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Gains (losses) on investments</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_OtherIncome" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherIncome" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherIncome" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherIncome_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherIncome_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Other</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_NonoperatingIncomeExpense" xlink:to="us-gaap_NonoperatingIncomeExpense_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_NonoperatingIncomeExpense_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">TOTAL</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesDomestic" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesDomestic" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesDomestic" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesDomestic_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesDomestic_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Domestic</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesForeign" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesForeign" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesForeign" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesForeign_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesForeign_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Foreign</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccrualsAllowanceForDoubtfulAccounts" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccrualsAllowanceForDoubtfulAccounts" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccrualsAllowanceForDoubtfulAccounts" xlink:to="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccrualsAllowanceForDoubtfulAccounts_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccrualsAllowanceForDoubtfulAccounts_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Bad debt reserve</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccrualsAccruedLiabilities" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccrualsAccruedLiabilities" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccrualsAccruedLiabilities" xlink:to="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccrualsAccruedLiabilities_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccrualsAccruedLiabilities_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Accrued expenses</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Valuation allowance</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwards_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Operating loss carryforwards</link:label>
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_OperatingLossExpirationDescription" xlink:to="IDT_OperatingLossExpirationDescription_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_OperatingLossExpirationDescription_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Operating loss expiration description</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwardsSubjectToExpiration" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwardsSubjectToExpiration" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwardsSubjectToExpiration" xlink:to="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwardsSubjectToExpiration_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwardsSubjectToExpiration_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Net operating loss carryforwards subject to expiration</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240731.xsd#IDT_DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwardsNoExpiration" xlink:label="IDT_DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwardsNoExpiration" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwardsNoExpiration" xlink:to="IDT_DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwardsNoExpiration_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwardsNoExpiration_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Net operating loss carryforwards no expiration</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwardsForeign" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwardsForeign" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwardsForeign_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Foreign net operating loss carry forwards</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240731.xsd#IDT_ForeignNetOperatingLossCarryForwardsNoExpiration" xlink:label="IDT_ForeignNetOperatingLossCarryForwardsNoExpiration" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_ForeignNetOperatingLossCarryForwardsNoExpiration" xlink:to="IDT_ForeignNetOperatingLossCarryForwardsNoExpiration_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_ForeignNetOperatingLossCarryForwardsNoExpiration_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Foreign net operating loss carry forwards no expiration</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240731.xsd#IDT_ForeignNetOperatingLossCarryForwardsExpirationTwoToTenYears" xlink:label="IDT_ForeignNetOperatingLossCarryForwardsExpirationTwoToTenYears" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_ForeignNetOperatingLossCarryForwardsExpirationTwoToTenYears" xlink:to="IDT_ForeignNetOperatingLossCarryForwardsExpirationTwoToTenYears_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_ForeignNetOperatingLossCarryForwardsExpirationTwoToTenYears_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Foreign net operating loss, expiration in two to ten years.</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240731.xsd#IDT_ForeignNetOperatingLossCarryForwardsExpirationTwentyYears" xlink:label="IDT_ForeignNetOperatingLossCarryForwardsExpirationTwentyYears" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_ForeignNetOperatingLossCarryForwardsExpirationTwentyYears" xlink:to="IDT_ForeignNetOperatingLossCarryForwardsExpirationTwentyYears_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_ForeignNetOperatingLossCarryForwardsExpirationTwentyYears_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Foreign net operating loss, expiration in twenty years</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240731.xsd#IDT_NetOperatingLossCarryForwardsYearOfExpiration" xlink:label="IDT_NetOperatingLossCarryForwardsYearOfExpiration" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_NetOperatingLossCarryForwardsYearOfExpiration" xlink:to="IDT_NetOperatingLossCarryForwardsYearOfExpiration_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_NetOperatingLossCarryForwardsYearOfExpiration_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Net operating loss carryforwards year of expiratio, description</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240731.xsd#IDT_SubsidiaryTaxNetOperatingLossCarryForwardsAnnualLimitAmountUnderInternalRevenueCode" xlink:label="IDT_SubsidiaryTaxNetOperatingLossCarryForwardsAnnualLimitAmountUnderInternalRevenueCode" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_SubsidiaryTaxNetOperatingLossCarryForwardsAnnualLimitAmountUnderInternalRevenueCode" xlink:to="IDT_SubsidiaryTaxNetOperatingLossCarryForwardsAnnualLimitAmountUnderInternalRevenueCode_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_SubsidiaryTaxNetOperatingLossCarryForwardsAnnualLimitAmountUnderInternalRevenueCode_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Losses limited under internal revenue code</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240731.xsd#IDT_SubsidiaryTaxNetOperatingLossCarryForwardsAnnualLimitAmountUnderInternalRevenueCodeAdjustedAmount" xlink:label="IDT_SubsidiaryTaxNetOperatingLossCarryForwardsAnnualLimitAmountUnderInternalRevenueCodeAdjustedAmount" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_SubsidiaryTaxNetOperatingLossCarryForwardsAnnualLimitAmountUnderInternalRevenueCodeAdjustedAmount" xlink:to="IDT_SubsidiaryTaxNetOperatingLossCarryForwardsAnnualLimitAmountUnderInternalRevenueCodeAdjustedAmount_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_SubsidiaryTaxNetOperatingLossCarryForwardsAnnualLimitAmountUnderInternalRevenueCodeAdjustedAmount_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Reacquisition and limitation</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_3_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_3_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Income tax expense benefit</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_ValuationAllowanceDeferredTaxAssetChangeInAmount" xlink:label="us-gaap_ValuationAllowanceDeferredTaxAssetChangeInAmount" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ValuationAllowanceDeferredTaxAssetChangeInAmount" xlink:to="us-gaap_ValuationAllowanceDeferredTaxAssetChangeInAmount_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ValuationAllowanceDeferredTaxAssetChangeInAmount_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Decrease in valuation allowance</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ValuationAllowancesAndReservesChargedToCostAndExpense" xlink:to="us-gaap_ValuationAllowancesAndReservesChargedToCostAndExpense_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ValuationAllowancesAndReservesChargedToCostAndExpense_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Valuation allowances and reserves charged to cost and expense</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_ValuationAllowancesAndReservesPeriodIncreaseDecrease" xlink:label="us-gaap_ValuationAllowancesAndReservesPeriodIncreaseDecrease" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ValuationAllowancesAndReservesPeriodIncreaseDecrease" xlink:to="us-gaap_ValuationAllowancesAndReservesPeriodIncreaseDecrease_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ValuationAllowancesAndReservesPeriodIncreaseDecrease_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Decrease in deferred income tax assets</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfStockByClassTable" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfStockByClassTable" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfStockByClassTable" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfStockByClassTable_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfStockByClassTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Stock, Class of Stock [Table]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems" xlink:label="us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Class of Stock [Line Items]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_CommonStockDividendsPerShareCashPaid" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockDividendsPerShareCashPaid" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CommonStockDividendsPerShareCashPaid" xlink:to="us-gaap_CommonStockDividendsPerShareCashPaid_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockDividendsPerShareCashPaid_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Cash dividend per share</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PaymentsOfDividends" xlink:to="us-gaap_PaymentsOfDividends_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PaymentsOfDividends_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Cash dividend</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_DividendPayableDateToBePaidDayMonthAndYear" xlink:label="us-gaap_DividendPayableDateToBePaidDayMonthAndYear" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DividendPayableDateToBePaidDayMonthAndYear" xlink:to="us-gaap_DividendPayableDateToBePaidDayMonthAndYear_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DividendPayableDateToBePaidDayMonthAndYear_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Dividend paid date</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_DividendsPayableDateOfRecordDayMonthAndYear" xlink:label="us-gaap_DividendsPayableDateOfRecordDayMonthAndYear" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DividendsPayableDateOfRecordDayMonthAndYear" xlink:to="us-gaap_DividendsPayableDateOfRecordDayMonthAndYear_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DividendsPayableDateOfRecordDayMonthAndYear_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Dividend record date</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2024/elts/srt-2024.xsd#srt_StockRepurchaseProgramNumberOfSharesAuthorizedToBeRepurchased" xlink:label="srt_StockRepurchaseProgramNumberOfSharesAuthorizedToBeRepurchased" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="srt_StockRepurchaseProgramNumberOfSharesAuthorizedToBeRepurchased" xlink:to="srt_StockRepurchaseProgramNumberOfSharesAuthorizedToBeRepurchased_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="srt_StockRepurchaseProgramNumberOfSharesAuthorizedToBeRepurchased_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Share Repurchase Program, Authorized, Number of Shares</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_TreasuryStockSharesAcquired" xlink:label="us-gaap_TreasuryStockSharesAcquired" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_TreasuryStockSharesAcquired" xlink:to="us-gaap_TreasuryStockSharesAcquired_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_TreasuryStockSharesAcquired_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Class B common stock shares repurchased</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_TreasuryStockValueAcquiredCostMethod" xlink:label="us-gaap_TreasuryStockValueAcquiredCostMethod" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_TreasuryStockValueAcquiredCostMethod" xlink:to="us-gaap_TreasuryStockValueAcquiredCostMethod_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_TreasuryStockValueAcquiredCostMethod_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Aggregate purchase price of shares repurchased</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_StockRepurchaseProgramRemainingNumberOfSharesAuthorizedToBeRepurchased" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockRepurchaseProgramRemainingNumberOfSharesAuthorizedToBeRepurchased" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockRepurchaseProgramRemainingNumberOfSharesAuthorizedToBeRepurchased_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Share Repurchase Program, Remaining Authorized, Number of Shares</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240731.xsd#IDT_TenderOfferNRSOutstandingDSUsPercentage" xlink:label="IDT_TenderOfferNRSOutstandingDSUsPercentage" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_TenderOfferNRSOutstandingDSUsPercentage" xlink:to="IDT_TenderOfferNRSOutstandingDSUsPercentage_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_TenderOfferNRSOutstandingDSUsPercentage_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Tender offer NRS outstanding DSUs percentage</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240731.xsd#IDT_SaleOfDSUNumberOfDSUSold" xlink:label="IDT_SaleOfDSUNumberOfDSUSold" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_SaleOfDSUNumberOfDSUSold" xlink:to="IDT_SaleOfDSUNumberOfDSUSold_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_SaleOfDSUNumberOfDSUSold_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Sale of DSU number of DSU sold</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240731.xsd#IDT_SaleOfDSUNumberOfDSUSubjectToOptionToPurchase" xlink:label="IDT_SaleOfDSUNumberOfDSUSubjectToOptionToPurchase" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_SaleOfDSUNumberOfDSUSubjectToOptionToPurchase" xlink:to="IDT_SaleOfDSUNumberOfDSUSubjectToOptionToPurchase_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_SaleOfDSUNumberOfDSUSubjectToOptionToPurchase_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Sale of DSU number of DSU subject to option to purchase</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240731.xsd#IDT_SaleOfDSUAndCommonStockNumberOfDSUSold" xlink:label="IDT_SaleOfDSUAndCommonStockNumberOfDSUSold" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_SaleOfDSUAndCommonStockNumberOfDSUSold" xlink:to="IDT_SaleOfDSUAndCommonStockNumberOfDSUSold_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_SaleOfDSUAndCommonStockNumberOfDSUSold_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Sale of DSU and common stock number of DSU sold</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240731.xsd#IDT_SaleOfDSUAndCommonStockNumberOfSharesOfCommonStockSold" xlink:label="IDT_SaleOfDSUAndCommonStockNumberOfSharesOfCommonStockSold" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_SaleOfDSUAndCommonStockNumberOfSharesOfCommonStockSold" xlink:to="IDT_SaleOfDSUAndCommonStockNumberOfSharesOfCommonStockSold_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_SaleOfDSUAndCommonStockNumberOfSharesOfCommonStockSold_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Sale of DSU and common stock number of shares of common stock sold</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240731.xsd#IDT_SaleOfDSUAndCommonStockNumberOfDSUSubjectToOptionToPurchase" xlink:label="IDT_SaleOfDSUAndCommonStockNumberOfDSUSubjectToOptionToPurchase" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_SaleOfDSUAndCommonStockNumberOfDSUSubjectToOptionToPurchase" xlink:to="IDT_SaleOfDSUAndCommonStockNumberOfDSUSubjectToOptionToPurchase_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_SaleOfDSUAndCommonStockNumberOfDSUSubjectToOptionToPurchase_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Sale of DSU and common stock number of DSU subject to option to purchase</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240731.xsd#IDT_SaleOfDSUAndCommonStockNumberOfSharesOfCommonStockSubjectToOptionToPurchase" xlink:label="IDT_SaleOfDSUAndCommonStockNumberOfSharesOfCommonStockSubjectToOptionToPurchase" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_SaleOfDSUAndCommonStockNumberOfSharesOfCommonStockSubjectToOptionToPurchase" xlink:to="IDT_SaleOfDSUAndCommonStockNumberOfSharesOfCommonStockSubjectToOptionToPurchase_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="IDT_SaleOfDSUAndCommonStockNumberOfSharesOfCommonStockSubjectToOptionToPurchase_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Sale of DSU and common stock number of DSU subject to option to purchase</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240731.xsd#IDT_PurchaseOfDSUAndStockPercentageOfSubsidiaryEquityPurchasedInTransaction" xlink:label="IDT_PurchaseOfDSUAndStockPercentageOfSubsidiaryEquityPurchasedInTransaction" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_PurchaseOfDSUAndStockPercentageOfSubsidiaryEquityPurchasedInTransaction" xlink:to="IDT_PurchaseOfDSUAndStockPercentageOfSubsidiaryEquityPurchasedInTransaction_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_PurchaseOfDSUAndStockPercentageOfSubsidiaryEquityPurchasedInTransaction_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Purchase of DSU and stock percentage of subsidiary equity purchase in transaction</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued" xlink:to="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Common stock issued</link:label>
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_CashPaidForPurchaseOfSubsidiaryDSUAndSharesOfCommonStock" xlink:to="IDT_CashPaidForPurchaseOfSubsidiaryDSUAndSharesOfCommonStock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_CashPaidForPurchaseOfSubsidiaryDSUAndSharesOfCommonStock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Cash paid for purchase of subsidiary DSU and shares of common stock</link:label>
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Issuance of shares, value</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240731.xsd#IDT_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueExchangeOfSharesForCommonStock" xlink:label="IDT_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueExchangeOfSharesForCommonStock" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueExchangeOfSharesForCommonStock" xlink:to="IDT_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueExchangeOfSharesForCommonStock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueExchangeOfSharesForCommonStock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Exchange of NRS shares for Class B common stock</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240731.xsd#IDT_NoncontrollingInterestPercentage" xlink:label="IDT_NoncontrollingInterestPercentage" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_NoncontrollingInterestPercentage" xlink:to="IDT_NoncontrollingInterestPercentage_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_NoncontrollingInterestPercentage_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Noncontrolling interest poercentage</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Share based compensation</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240731.xsd#IDT_ExchangeOfOutstandingSharesPercentage" xlink:label="IDT_ExchangeOfOutstandingSharesPercentage" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_ExchangeOfOutstandingSharesPercentage" xlink:to="IDT_ExchangeOfOutstandingSharesPercentage_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_ExchangeOfOutstandingSharesPercentage_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Exchange of outstanding shares percentage</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240731.xsd#IDT_ExchangeOfOutstandingSharesPercentageOnDilutedBasis" xlink:label="IDT_ExchangeOfOutstandingSharesPercentageOnDilutedBasis" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_ExchangeOfOutstandingSharesPercentageOnDilutedBasis" xlink:to="IDT_ExchangeOfOutstandingSharesPercentageOnDilutedBasis_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_ExchangeOfOutstandingSharesPercentageOnDilutedBasis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Exchange of outstanding shares percentage on diluted basis</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Issuance of shares</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240731.xsd#IDT_PerformanceBonusPaidInCashStock" xlink:label="IDT_PerformanceBonusPaidInCashStock" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_PerformanceBonusPaidInCashStock" xlink:to="IDT_PerformanceBonusPaidInCashStock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_PerformanceBonusPaidInCashStock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Performance bonus paid in cash stock</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodStartLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Number of Options, Outstanding, Beginning balance</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodStartLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Outstanding, Beginning balance</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriod" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriod" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriod" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriod_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriod_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Number of Options, Granted</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Granted</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Number of Options, Exercised</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Exercised</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresAndExpirationsInPeriod" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresAndExpirationsInPeriod" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresAndExpirationsInPeriod" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresAndExpirationsInPeriod_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresAndExpirationsInPeriod_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Number of Options, Cancelled / Forfeited</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresAndExpirationsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresAndExpirationsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresAndExpirationsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresAndExpirationsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresAndExpirationsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Cancelled / Forfeited</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodEndLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Number of Options, outstanding, Ending balance</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodEndLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Outstanding, Ending balance</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2" xlink:label="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2" xlink:to="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term, Outstanding</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingIntrinsicValue" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingIntrinsicValue" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingIntrinsicValue" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingIntrinsicValue_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodEndLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingIntrinsicValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Aggregate Intrinsic Value, Outstanding</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableNumber" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableNumber" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableNumber" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableNumber_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodEndLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Number of Options, Exercisable</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageExercisePrice" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageExercisePrice_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodEndLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageExercisePrice_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Exercisable</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm1" xlink:label="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm1" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm1" xlink:to="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm1_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm1_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term, Exercisable</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableIntrinsicValue1" xlink:label="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableIntrinsicValue1" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableIntrinsicValue1" xlink:to="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableIntrinsicValue1_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodEndLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableIntrinsicValue1_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Aggregate Intrinsic Value, Exercisable</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodStartLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Number of non vested , beginning balance</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodStartLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Weighted- Average Grant- Date Fair Value, Beginning balance</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Number of non vested, granted</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Weighted- Average Grant- Date Fair Value, Granted</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriod" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriod" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriod" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriod_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriod_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Number of non vested, vested</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Weighted- Average Grant- Date Fair Value, Vested</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsForfeitedInPeriod" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsForfeitedInPeriod" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsForfeitedInPeriod" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsForfeitedInPeriod_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsForfeitedInPeriod_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Number of non vested, forfeited</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsForfeituresWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsForfeituresWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsForfeituresWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsForfeituresWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsForfeituresWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Weighted- Average Grant- Date Fair Value, Forfeited</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodEndLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Number of non vested , ending balance</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodEndLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Weighted- Average Grant- Date Fair Value, Ending balance</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAuthorized" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAuthorized" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAuthorized" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAuthorized_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAuthorized_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Number of shares, grant</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfAdditionalSharesAuthorized" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfAdditionalSharesAuthorized" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfAdditionalSharesAuthorized" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfAdditionalSharesAuthorized_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfAdditionalSharesAuthorized_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Additional number of shares authorized</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardVestingRights" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardVestingRights" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardVestingRights" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardVestingRights_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardVestingRights_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Vesting description</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Options granted</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised" xlink:to="us-gaap_ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Proceeds from stock options exercised</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised_3_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised_3_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Number of exercised of stock options shares</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240731.xsd#IDT_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionExercisePrice" xlink:label="IDT_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionExercisePrice" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionExercisePrice" xlink:to="IDT_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionExercisePrice_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionExercisePrice_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Exercise price of stock options</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardExpirationDate" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardExpirationDate" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardExpirationDate" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardExpirationDate_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardExpirationDate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Stock option expiration date</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240731.xsd#IDT_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesUsedForStockOptionsExercised" xlink:label="IDT_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesUsedForStockOptionsExercised" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesUsedForStockOptionsExercised" xlink:to="IDT_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesUsedForStockOptionsExercised_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesUsedForStockOptionsExercised_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Number of exercised of stock options shares</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueStockOptionsExercised" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueStockOptionsExercised_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueStockOptionsExercised_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Number of exercised of stock options, value</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240731.xsd#IDT_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesUsedForTaxWithholding" xlink:label="IDT_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesUsedForTaxWithholding" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesUsedForTaxWithholding" xlink:to="IDT_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesUsedForTaxWithholding_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesUsedForTaxWithholding_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Number of shares issued</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_TreasuryStockValueAcquiredCostMethod" xlink:to="us-gaap_TreasuryStockValueAcquiredCostMethod_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_TreasuryStockValueAcquiredCostMethod_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Number of shares issued, value</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodTotalIntrinsicValue" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodTotalIntrinsicValue" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodTotalIntrinsicValue" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodTotalIntrinsicValue_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodTotalIntrinsicValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Share-based compensation arrangement by share-based payment award, options, exercises in period, intrinsic value</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber_3_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber_3_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Number of non-vested shares, vesting</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240731.xsd#IDT_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNumberSubjectToSpecialTerms" xlink:label="IDT_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNumberSubjectToSpecialTerms" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNumberSubjectToSpecialTerms" xlink:to="IDT_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNumberSubjectToSpecialTerms_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNumberSubjectToSpecialTerms_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Number of non-vested shares special terms</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedShareBasedAwardsOtherThanOptions" xlink:label="us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedShareBasedAwardsOtherThanOptions" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedShareBasedAwardsOtherThanOptions" xlink:to="us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedShareBasedAwardsOtherThanOptions_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedShareBasedAwardsOtherThanOptions_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Unrecognized compensation</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedPeriodForRecognition1" xlink:label="us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedPeriodForRecognition1" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedPeriodForRecognition1" xlink:to="us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedPeriodForRecognition1_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedPeriodForRecognition1_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Nonvested Award, Cost Not yet Recognized, Period for Recognition</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriodTotalFairValue" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriodTotalFairValue" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriodTotalFairValue" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriodTotalFairValue_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriodTotalFairValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Vested in Period, Fair Value</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardDescription" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardDescription" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardDescription" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardDescription_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardDescription_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Deferred stock units, description</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_SharePrice" xlink:label="us-gaap_SharePrice" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SharePrice" xlink:to="us-gaap_SharePrice_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_SharePrice_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Share price</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriod" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriod_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriod_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Number of deferred stock units vested</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240731.xsd#IDT_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriodGrantDateFairValue" xlink:label="IDT_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriodGrantDateFairValue" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriodGrantDateFairValue" xlink:to="IDT_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriodGrantDateFairValue_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriodGrantDateFairValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Estimated fair value of DSUs on date of grant</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Shares granted</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Issuance of shares value</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240731.xsd#IDT_StockToBeIssuedForMilestoneSharesNewIssues" xlink:label="IDT_StockToBeIssuedForMilestoneSharesNewIssues" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_StockToBeIssuedForMilestoneSharesNewIssues" xlink:to="IDT_StockToBeIssuedForMilestoneSharesNewIssues_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_StockToBeIssuedForMilestoneSharesNewIssues_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Stock to be issued for milestone shares</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240731.xsd#IDT_StockIssuedDuringPeriodPercentageOfOutstandingSharesRestrictedStockAwardGross" xlink:label="IDT_StockIssuedDuringPeriodPercentageOfOutstandingSharesRestrictedStockAwardGross" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_StockIssuedDuringPeriodPercentageOfOutstandingSharesRestrictedStockAwardGross" xlink:to="IDT_StockIssuedDuringPeriodPercentageOfOutstandingSharesRestrictedStockAwardGross_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_StockIssuedDuringPeriodPercentageOfOutstandingSharesRestrictedStockAwardGross_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Outstanding capital stock, percent</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240731.xsd#IDT_StockIssuedDuringPeriodRestrictedStockGrantDateFairValue" xlink:label="IDT_StockIssuedDuringPeriodRestrictedStockGrantDateFairValue" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_StockIssuedDuringPeriodRestrictedStockGrantDateFairValue" xlink:to="IDT_StockIssuedDuringPeriodRestrictedStockGrantDateFairValue_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_StockIssuedDuringPeriodRestrictedStockGrantDateFairValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Aggregate estimated fair value on grant date recognized over the vesting period</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240731.xsd#IDT_RestrictedCommonStockWithholdingFromEmployeesOutstandingSharesPercentage" xlink:label="IDT_RestrictedCommonStockWithholdingFromEmployeesOutstandingSharesPercentage" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_RestrictedCommonStockWithholdingFromEmployeesOutstandingSharesPercentage" xlink:to="IDT_RestrictedCommonStockWithholdingFromEmployeesOutstandingSharesPercentage_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_RestrictedCommonStockWithholdingFromEmployeesOutstandingSharesPercentage_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Restricted common stock with holding employees outstanding shares percentage</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_PaymentsRelatedToTaxWithholdingForShareBasedCompensation" xlink:label="us-gaap_PaymentsRelatedToTaxWithholdingForShareBasedCompensation" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PaymentsRelatedToTaxWithholdingForShareBasedCompensation" xlink:to="us-gaap_PaymentsRelatedToTaxWithholdingForShareBasedCompensation_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PaymentsRelatedToTaxWithholdingForShareBasedCompensation_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Offsetting income tax withholding liability</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240731.xsd#IDT_PaymentsRelatedToTaxWithholdingForShareBasedCompensationDecreaseInNoncontrollingInterests" xlink:label="IDT_PaymentsRelatedToTaxWithholdingForShareBasedCompensationDecreaseInNoncontrollingInterests" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_PaymentsRelatedToTaxWithholdingForShareBasedCompensationDecreaseInNoncontrollingInterests" xlink:to="IDT_PaymentsRelatedToTaxWithholdingForShareBasedCompensationDecreaseInNoncontrollingInterests_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_PaymentsRelatedToTaxWithholdingForShareBasedCompensationDecreaseInNoncontrollingInterests_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Decrease in non controlling interests</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240731.xsd#IDT_PaymentsRelatedToTaxWithholdingForShareBasedCompensationDecreaseInAdditionalPaidInCapital" xlink:label="IDT_PaymentsRelatedToTaxWithholdingForShareBasedCompensationDecreaseInAdditionalPaidInCapital" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_PaymentsRelatedToTaxWithholdingForShareBasedCompensationDecreaseInAdditionalPaidInCapital" xlink:to="IDT_PaymentsRelatedToTaxWithholdingForShareBasedCompensationDecreaseInAdditionalPaidInCapital_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_PaymentsRelatedToTaxWithholdingForShareBasedCompensationDecreaseInAdditionalPaidInCapital_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Decrease in additional paid-in capital</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationRequisiteServicePeriodRecognitionValue" xlink:to="us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationRequisiteServicePeriodRecognitionValue_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationRequisiteServicePeriodRecognitionValue_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Stock based compensation</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesRestrictedStockAwardGross" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesRestrictedStockAwardGross" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesRestrictedStockAwardGross" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesRestrictedStockAwardGross_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesRestrictedStockAwardGross_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Stock Issued During Period, Shares, Restricted Stock Award, Gross</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240731.xsd#IDT_RestrictedStockContingentVestingArrangementsDescription" xlink:label="IDT_RestrictedStockContingentVestingArrangementsDescription" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_RestrictedStockContingentVestingArrangementsDescription" xlink:to="IDT_RestrictedStockContingentVestingArrangementsDescription_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_RestrictedStockContingentVestingArrangementsDescription_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Restricted stock vesting arrangement, description</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240731.xsd#IDT_PaymentsRelatedToTaxWithholdingForShareBasedCompensationIncreaseInNoncontrollingInterests" xlink:label="IDT_PaymentsRelatedToTaxWithholdingForShareBasedCompensationIncreaseInNoncontrollingInterests" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_PaymentsRelatedToTaxWithholdingForShareBasedCompensationIncreaseInNoncontrollingInterests" xlink:to="IDT_PaymentsRelatedToTaxWithholdingForShareBasedCompensationIncreaseInNoncontrollingInterests_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_PaymentsRelatedToTaxWithholdingForShareBasedCompensationIncreaseInNoncontrollingInterests_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Increase in non controlling interests</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossTable" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossTable" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossTable" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossTable_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Table]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossLineItems" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossLineItems" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossLineItems_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_3_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodStartLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_3_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Ending balance</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_3_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_3_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Other comprehensive loss attributable to IDT Corporation</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_4_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodEndLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_4_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Ending balance</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_ProductLiabilityContingencyTable" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProductLiabilityContingencyTable" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ProductLiabilityContingencyTable" xlink:to="us-gaap_ProductLiabilityContingencyTable_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProductLiabilityContingencyTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Product Liability Contingency [Table]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_ProductLiabilityContingencyLineItems" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProductLiabilityContingencyLineItems" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ProductLiabilityContingencyLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_ProductLiabilityContingencyLineItems_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProductLiabilityContingencyLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Product Liability Contingency [Line Items]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_LossContingencyEstimateOfPossibleLoss" xlink:label="us-gaap_LossContingencyEstimateOfPossibleLoss" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LossContingencyEstimateOfPossibleLoss" xlink:to="us-gaap_LossContingencyEstimateOfPossibleLoss_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LossContingencyEstimateOfPossibleLoss_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Final decision imposed</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesCurrentAndNoncurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesCurrentAndNoncurrent" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesCurrentAndNoncurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesCurrentAndNoncurrent_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesCurrentAndNoncurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Accrued liabilities</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_PurchaseObligation" xlink:label="us-gaap_PurchaseObligation" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PurchaseObligation" xlink:to="us-gaap_PurchaseObligation_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PurchaseObligation_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Purchase obligation</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240731.xsd#IDT_PerformanceBondsOutstanding" xlink:label="IDT_PerformanceBondsOutstanding" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_PerformanceBondsOutstanding" xlink:to="IDT_PerformanceBondsOutstanding_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_PerformanceBondsOutstanding_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Performance bonds outstanding</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfRelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyTable" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfRelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyTable" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfRelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyTable" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfRelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyTable_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfRelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Related Party Transaction [Table]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionLineItems" xlink:label="us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionLineItems" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionLineItems_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Related Party Transaction [Line Items]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_CostsAndExpensesRelatedParty" xlink:label="us-gaap_CostsAndExpensesRelatedParty" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CostsAndExpensesRelatedParty" xlink:to="us-gaap_CostsAndExpensesRelatedParty_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CostsAndExpensesRelatedParty_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Costs and expenses, related party</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_OtherReceivablesNetCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherReceivablesNetCurrent" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherReceivablesNetCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherReceivablesNetCurrent_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherReceivablesNetCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Outstanding net loan receivable from employees</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240731.xsd#IDT_RelatedPartyTransactionBillingsToRelatedPartyForServices" xlink:label="IDT_RelatedPartyTransactionBillingsToRelatedPartyForServices" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_RelatedPartyTransactionBillingsToRelatedPartyForServices" xlink:to="IDT_RelatedPartyTransactionBillingsToRelatedPartyForServices_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_RelatedPartyTransactionBillingsToRelatedPartyForServices_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Receivable from subsidiaries included in services</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingCostsAndExpenses" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingCostsAndExpenses" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingCostsAndExpenses" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingCostsAndExpenses_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingCostsAndExpenses_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Commissions and fees from payment by company</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240731.xsd#IDT_RelatedPartyTransactionLeaseAnnualRentPaymentsToRelatedParty" xlink:label="IDT_RelatedPartyTransactionLeaseAnnualRentPaymentsToRelatedParty" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_RelatedPartyTransactionLeaseAnnualRentPaymentsToRelatedParty" xlink:to="IDT_RelatedPartyTransactionLeaseAnnualRentPaymentsToRelatedParty_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_RelatedPartyTransactionLeaseAnnualRentPaymentsToRelatedParty_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Annual rent payment</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2024/elts/us-gaap-2024.xsd#us-gaap_DefinedContributionPlanCostRecognized" xlink:label="us-gaap_DefinedContributionPlanCostRecognized" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DefinedContributionPlanCostRecognized" xlink:to="us-gaap_DefinedContributionPlanCostRecognized_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DefinedContributionPlanCostRecognized_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Defined contribution plan, cost</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_DisbursementPrefunding" xlink:to="IDT_DisbursementPrefunding_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_DisbursementPrefunding_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Disbursement prefunding.</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_SettlementAssetsReserve" xlink:to="IDT_SettlementAssetsReserve_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_SettlementAssetsReserve_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Settlement assets, net of reserve.</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_TechnologyAndDevelopmentExpenseMember" xlink:to="IDT_TechnologyAndDevelopmentExpenseMember_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_TechnologyAndDevelopmentExpenseMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Technology and Development Expense [Member]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_StockIssuedToRelatedPartyDuringPeriodValueStockOptionsExercised" xlink:to="IDT_StockIssuedToRelatedPartyDuringPeriodValueStockOptionsExercised_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_StockIssuedToRelatedPartyDuringPeriodValueStockOptionsExercised_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Stock issued to related party during period value stock options exercised.</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_TreasuryStockValueRepurchasesOfCommonStockThroughRepurchaseProgram" xlink:to="IDT_TreasuryStockValueRepurchasesOfCommonStockThroughRepurchaseProgram_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_TreasuryStockValueRepurchasesOfCommonStockThroughRepurchaseProgram_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Treasury stock, value, repurchases of common stock through repurchase program.</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_TreasuryStockValueRestrictedCommonStockPurchasedFromEmployees" xlink:to="IDT_TreasuryStockValueRestrictedCommonStockPurchasedFromEmployees_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_TreasuryStockValueRestrictedCommonStockPurchasedFromEmployees_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Treasury stock, value, restricted common stock purchased from employees.</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_NetIncomeLossIncludingPortionAttributableToRedeemableNonControllingInterestAndNonControllingInterestInSubsidiaries_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Net Income Loss Including Portion Attributable To Redeemable Non Controlling Interest And Non Controlling Interest In Subsidiaries</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_ValueRestrictedSubsidiaryCommonStockPurchasedFromEmployees" xlink:to="IDT_ValueRestrictedSubsidiaryCommonStockPurchasedFromEmployees_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_ValueRestrictedSubsidiaryCommonStockPurchasedFromEmployees_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Restricted net2phone common stock purchased from employees.</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueExchangeOfSubsidiarySharesForCommonStock" xlink:to="IDT_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueExchangeOfSubsidiarySharesForCommonStock_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueExchangeOfSubsidiarySharesForCommonStock_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Stock issued during period value exchange of subsidiary shares for common stock.</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesExchangeOfSubsidiarySharesForCommonStock" xlink:to="IDT_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesExchangeOfSubsidiarySharesForCommonStock_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesExchangeOfSubsidiarySharesForCommonStock_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Stock issued during period shares exchange of subsidiary shares for common stock.</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_StockIssuedtoBeIssuedToExecutiveOfficerForBonusPaymentShares" xlink:to="IDT_StockIssuedtoBeIssuedToExecutiveOfficerForBonusPaymentShares_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_StockIssuedtoBeIssuedToExecutiveOfficerForBonusPaymentShares_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Stock issued/to be issued to an executive officer for bonus payment, shares</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_StockIssuedToRelatedPartyDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised" xlink:to="IDT_StockIssuedToRelatedPartyDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_StockIssuedToRelatedPartyDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Stock issued to related party during period shares stock options exercised.</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_SharesOfCompanysClassBCommonStockIssuedForBusinessAcquisitions" xlink:to="IDT_SharesOfCompanysClassBCommonStockIssuedForBusinessAcquisitions_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_SharesOfCompanysClassBCommonStockIssuedForBusinessAcquisitions_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Shares of companys Class B common stock issued for business acquisitions.</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_ConversionOfEquityMethodInvestmentsSecuredPromissoryNotesIntoConvertiblePreferredStock_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Conversion of equity method investment's secured promissory notes into convertible preferred stock.</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_AllowanceForCreditLossesAndAllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="IDT_AllowanceForCreditLossesAndAllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsPolicyTextBlock_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_AllowanceForCreditLossesAndAllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsPolicyTextBlock_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Allowance For Credit Losses And Allowance For Doubtful Accounts [Policy Text Block]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_RecentlyIssuedAccountingStandardsNotYetAdoptedPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="IDT_RecentlyIssuedAccountingStandardsNotYetAdoptedPolicyTextBlock_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_RecentlyIssuedAccountingStandardsNotYetAdoptedPolicyTextBlock_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Recently Issued Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted [PolicyTextBlock]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_ComputerSoftwareMember" xlink:to="IDT_ComputerSoftwareMember_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_ComputerSoftwareMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Computer Software [Member]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_ConcentrationRiskThresholdPercentage" xlink:to="IDT_ConcentrationRiskThresholdPercentage_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_ConcentrationRiskThresholdPercentage_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Concentration risk threshold percentage.</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_ProvisionForAccountsReceivableDoubtfulAccounts_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Allowance for doubtful accounts, Additions charged to costs and expenses.</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_ProvisionForSettlementAssetsReserve_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Additions charged to costs and expenses.</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_SettlementAssetsReserveDeductions" xlink:to="IDT_SettlementAssetsReserveDeductions_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_SettlementAssetsReserveDeductions_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Reserve for settlement assets, deductions.</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_AllowanceAndReservesDeductedFromAssetAccountsDeductions" xlink:to="IDT_AllowanceAndReservesDeductedFromAssetAccountsDeductions_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_AllowanceAndReservesDeductedFromAssetAccountsDeductions_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Allowance and reserves deducted from asset accounts deductions.</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_ScheduleOfSupplementalDisclosuresRelatedWeightedAverageOperatingLeasesTableTextBlock" xlink:to="IDT_ScheduleOfSupplementalDisclosuresRelatedWeightedAverageOperatingLeasesTableTextBlock_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_ScheduleOfSupplementalDisclosuresRelatedWeightedAverageOperatingLeasesTableTextBlock_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of Supplemental Disclosures Related Weighted Average Operating Leases [Table Text Block]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_ScheduleOfOperatingLeaseLiabilityTableTextBlock" xlink:to="IDT_ScheduleOfOperatingLeaseLiabilityTableTextBlock_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_ScheduleOfOperatingLeaseLiabilityTableTextBlock_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of Operating Lease Liability [Table Text Block]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCustomerRelationships" xlink:to="IDT_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCustomerRelationships_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCustomerRelationships_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Business combination recognized identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed Customer relationships.</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedNonCompleteAgreements" xlink:to="IDT_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedNonCompleteAgreements_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedNonCompleteAgreements_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Business combination recognized identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed non-complete agreements.</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedOperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset" xlink:to="IDT_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedOperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedOperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Business combination recognized identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed operating lease right of use asset.</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_NationalRetailSolutionsMember" xlink:to="IDT_NationalRetailSolutionsMember_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_NationalRetailSolutionsMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">National Retail Solutions [Member]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_FintechMember" xlink:to="IDT_FintechMember_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_FintechMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Fintech [Member]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_Net2phoneMember" xlink:to="IDT_Net2phoneMember_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_Net2phoneMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Net2 phone [Member]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsMember" xlink:to="IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsMember_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Traditional Communications [Member]</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCurrentLiabilitiesAccruedLiabilities_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Business combination recognized identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed current liabilities, accrued liabilities.</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedOperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent" xlink:to="IDT_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedOperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedOperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Business combination recognized identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed operating lease liability current.</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedOperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Business combination recognized identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed operating lease liability noncurrent.</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_OtherCountriesMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Other Countries [Member]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_EntityWideDisclosureOnGeographicAreasLongLivedAssetsAmount" xlink:to="IDT_EntityWideDisclosureOnGeographicAreasLongLivedAssetsAmount_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_OthersMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Others [Member]</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_LeafGlobalFintechCorporationMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Leaf Global Fintech Corporation [Member]</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_GovernmentSponsoredEnterpriseNotesMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Government Sponsored Enterprise Notes [Member]</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_IDTPaymentServicesMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">IDT Payment Services [Member]</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_IntegraCCSMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Integra CCS [Member]</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_FederalTelecommunicationsRelayServicesFundMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Federal Telecommunications Relay Services Fund [Member]</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_DeferredTaxLiabilitiesUnrealizedLossGainsOnTradingSecurities_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Deferred tax liabilities unrealized loss gains on trading securities</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_PerformanceBondsOutstanding" xlink:to="IDT_PerformanceBondsOutstanding_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_PerformanceBondsOutstanding_doc" xml:lang="en-US">In certain circumstances, the company is required to provide performance bonds in connection with its contractual commitments. Company has indemnified the surety for any expenses paid out under these performance bonds.</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_RafaelSpinOffMember" xlink:to="IDT_RafaelSpinOffMember_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_RafaelSpinOffMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Rafael Spin Off [Member]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_SettlementsAssetsAndLiabilitiesPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="IDT_SettlementsAssetsAndLiabilitiesPolicyTextBlock_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_SettlementsAssetsAndLiabilitiesPolicyTextBlock_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Settlements Assets and Liabilities [Policy Text Block]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_FullyDilutedMinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent" xlink:to="IDT_FullyDilutedMinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_FullyDilutedMinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Fully diluted basis assuming vesting, percentage.</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_DisbursementPrefundingPolicyTextBlock" xlink:to="IDT_DisbursementPrefundingPolicyTextBlock_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_DisbursementPrefundingPolicyTextBlock_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Disbursement Prefunding [Policy Text Block]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_LossOnDisposalOfIntangibleAsset" xlink:to="IDT_LossOnDisposalOfIntangibleAsset_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_LossOnDisposalOfIntangibleAsset_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Loss on disposal of intangible asset.</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_VariableInterestEntityNetIncomeLosstAmount" xlink:to="IDT_VariableInterestEntityNetIncomeLosstAmount_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_VariableInterestEntityNetIncomeLosstAmount_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Variable interest entity net income losst amount</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_VariableInterestEntityAggregateFundingRepaidToProvidedByReportingEntity" xlink:to="IDT_VariableInterestEntityAggregateFundingRepaidToProvidedByReportingEntity_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_VariableInterestEntityAggregateFundingRepaidToProvidedByReportingEntity_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Variable interest entity aggregate funding repaid to provided by reporting entity.</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_ScheduleOfOtherOperatingExpensesGainsNetTableTextBlock" xlink:to="IDT_ScheduleOfOtherOperatingExpensesGainsNetTableTextBlock_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_ScheduleOfOtherOperatingExpensesGainsNetTableTextBlock_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Tabular disclosure of other operating (expenses) gains, net [Tabel Text Block]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_CorporateOther" xlink:to="IDT_CorporateOther_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_CorporateOther_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Corporate other.</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_FintechgovernmentGrants" xlink:to="IDT_FintechgovernmentGrants_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_FintechgovernmentGrants_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Fintech&#8212;government grants.</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_WriteoffOfTelephoneEquipment" xlink:to="IDT_WriteoffOfTelephoneEquipment_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_WriteoffOfTelephoneEquipment_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Write-off of telephone equipment.</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_Net2phoneother" xlink:to="IDT_Net2phoneother_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_Net2phoneother_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Net2phone other, net.</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_NationalRetailSolutionsWriteOffOfCapitalizedInternalUseSoftwareCosts" xlink:to="IDT_NationalRetailSolutionsWriteOffOfCapitalizedInternalUseSoftwareCosts_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_NationalRetailSolutionsWriteOffOfCapitalizedInternalUseSoftwareCosts_doc" xml:lang="en-US">National Retail Solutions Write Off Of Capitalized Internal Use Software Costs.</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_NationalRetailSolutionsOther" xlink:to="IDT_NationalRetailSolutionsOther_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_NationalRetailSolutionsOther_doc" xml:lang="en-US">National Retail Solutions Other.</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_TraditionalCommunicationswriteoffOfCapitalizedInternalUseSoftwareCosts" xlink:to="IDT_TraditionalCommunicationswriteoffOfCapitalizedInternalUseSoftwareCosts_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_TraditionalCommunicationswriteoffOfCapitalizedInternalUseSoftwareCosts_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Traditional communications write-off of capitalized internal use software costs.</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsCableTelephonyCustomerIndemnificationClaim" xlink:to="IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsCableTelephonyCustomerIndemnificationClaim_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsCableTelephonyCustomerIndemnificationClaim_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Traditional Communications&#8212;cable telephony customer indemnification claim.</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsContingentConsiderationLiability" xlink:to="IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsContingentConsiderationLiability_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsContingentConsiderationLiability_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Traditional Communications&#8212; contingent consideration liability.</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsOther" xlink:to="IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsOther_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsOther_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Traditional communications other.</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_CarrierMinutesTermination" xlink:to="IDT_CarrierMinutesTermination_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_CarrierMinutesTermination_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Carrier minutes termination.</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_AccruedRegulatoryFeesCurrent" xlink:to="IDT_AccruedRegulatoryFeesCurrent_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_AccruedRegulatoryFeesCurrent_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Accrued regulatory fees current.</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_AccruedMaintenanceAndSupport" xlink:to="IDT_AccruedMaintenanceAndSupport_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_AccruedMaintenanceAndSupport_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Accrued maintenance and support.</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_SaleOfStockPercentageOfSubsidiaryEquityIssuedInTransaction" xlink:to="IDT_SaleOfStockPercentageOfSubsidiaryEquityIssuedInTransaction_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_SaleOfStockPercentageOfSubsidiaryEquityIssuedInTransaction_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Sale of stock percentage of subsidiary equity issued in transaction.</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_GenieAndSubsidiarieMember" xlink:to="IDT_GenieAndSubsidiarieMember_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_GenieAndSubsidiarieMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Genie and Subsidiarie [Member]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_NetTwophoneTwoZeroIncMember" xlink:to="IDT_NetTwophoneTwoZeroIncMember_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_NetTwophoneTwoZeroIncMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">net2phone 2.0, Inc. [Member]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_RelatedPartyTransactionBillingsToRelatedPartyForServices" xlink:to="IDT_RelatedPartyTransactionBillingsToRelatedPartyForServices_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_RelatedPartyTransactionBillingsToRelatedPartyForServices_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Related party transaction billings to related party for services.</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_JonasMember" xlink:to="IDT_JonasMember_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_JonasMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Jonas Media Group [Member]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_MasonAndCompanyConsultingMember" xlink:to="IDT_MasonAndCompanyConsultingMember_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_MasonAndCompanyConsultingMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Mason and Co [Member]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_RelatedPartyTransactionLeaseAnnualRentPaymentsToRelatedParty" xlink:to="IDT_RelatedPartyTransactionLeaseAnnualRentPaymentsToRelatedParty_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_RelatedPartyTransactionLeaseAnnualRentPaymentsToRelatedParty_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Related party transaction lease annual rent payments to related party.</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_EmployeesMember" xlink:to="IDT_EmployeesMember_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_EmployeesMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Employees [Member]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_IDTInternationalTelecomIncMember" xlink:to="IDT_IDTInternationalTelecomIncMember_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_IDTInternationalTelecomIncMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">IDT International Telecom, Inc [Member]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_OperatingLossExpirationDescription" xlink:to="IDT_OperatingLossExpirationDescription_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_OperatingLossExpirationDescription_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Operating loss expiration description</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwardsNoExpiration" xlink:to="IDT_DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwardsNoExpiration_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwardsNoExpiration_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Deferred tax assets operating loss carryforwards no expiration</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_ForeignNetOperatingLossCarryForwardsNoExpiration" xlink:to="IDT_ForeignNetOperatingLossCarryForwardsNoExpiration_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_ForeignNetOperatingLossCarryForwardsNoExpiration_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Foreign net operating loss carry forwards no expiration</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_ForeignNetOperatingLossCarryForwardsExpirationTwoToTenYears" xlink:to="IDT_ForeignNetOperatingLossCarryForwardsExpirationTwoToTenYears_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_ForeignNetOperatingLossCarryForwardsExpirationTwoToTenYears_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Foreign net operating loss, expiration in two to ten years.</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_ForeignNetOperatingLossCarryForwardsExpirationTwentyYears" xlink:to="IDT_ForeignNetOperatingLossCarryForwardsExpirationTwentyYears_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_ForeignNetOperatingLossCarryForwardsExpirationTwentyYears_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Foreign net operating loss, expiration in twenty years.</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_NetOperatingLossCarryForwardsYearOfExpiration" xlink:to="IDT_NetOperatingLossCarryForwardsYearOfExpiration_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_NetOperatingLossCarryForwardsYearOfExpiration_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Net operating losses expiration, description.</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_SubsidiaryTaxNetOperatingLossCarryForwardsAnnualLimitAmountUnderInternalRevenueCode" xlink:to="IDT_SubsidiaryTaxNetOperatingLossCarryForwardsAnnualLimitAmountUnderInternalRevenueCode_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_SubsidiaryTaxNetOperatingLossCarryForwardsAnnualLimitAmountUnderInternalRevenueCode_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Total Subsidiary Tax Net Operating Loss Carry Forwards Annual Limit Amount Under Internal Revenue Code.</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_ValuationAllowanceUtilizedFutureExpenseMember" xlink:to="IDT_ValuationAllowanceUtilizedFutureExpenseMember_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_ValuationAllowanceUtilizedFutureExpenseMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Valuation Allowance Utilized Future Expense [Member]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_CommonClassAandBMember" xlink:to="IDT_CommonClassAandBMember_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_CommonClassAandBMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Class A And Class B Common Stock[Member]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_O2024Q2DividendsMember" xlink:to="IDT_O2024Q2DividendsMember_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_O2024Q2DividendsMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">2024 Q2 Dividends [Member]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_ClassBCommonStockMember" xlink:to="IDT_ClassBCommonStockMember_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_ClassBCommonStockMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Class B Common Stock [Member]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_DeferredStockUnitsMember" xlink:to="IDT_DeferredStockUnitsMember_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_DeferredStockUnitsMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Deferred Stock Units [Member]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_NRSAndDSUMember" xlink:to="IDT_NRSAndDSUMember_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_NRSAndDSUMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">NRS And DSU [Member]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_InternalUseSoftwarePolicyDescription" xlink:to="IDT_InternalUseSoftwarePolicyDescription_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_InternalUseSoftwarePolicyDescription_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Internal use software policy description.</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_NoncontrollingInterestPercentage" xlink:to="IDT_NoncontrollingInterestPercentage_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_NoncontrollingInterestPercentage_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Non controlling interest percentage.</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_ExchangeOfOutstandingSharesPercentage" xlink:to="IDT_ExchangeOfOutstandingSharesPercentage_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_ExchangeOfOutstandingSharesPercentage_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Exchange of outstanding shares percentage.</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueExchangeOfSharesForCommonStock" xlink:to="IDT_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueExchangeOfSharesForCommonStock_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueExchangeOfSharesForCommonStock_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Exchange of NRS shares for Class B common stock.</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_PerformanceBonusPaidInCashStock" xlink:to="IDT_PerformanceBonusPaidInCashStock_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_PerformanceBonusPaidInCashStock_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Performance bonus paid in cash stock.</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_TwoThousandTwentyFourEquityIncentivePlanMember" xlink:to="IDT_TwoThousandTwentyFourEquityIncentivePlanMember_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_TwoThousandTwentyFourEquityIncentivePlanMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">2024 Equity Incentive Plan [Member]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_TwoThousandFifteenStockOptionAndIncentivePlanMember" xlink:to="IDT_TwoThousandFifteenStockOptionAndIncentivePlanMember_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_TwoThousandFifteenStockOptionAndIncentivePlanMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">2015 Stock Option and Incentive Plan [Member]</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisLiabilityInterestExpense_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Fair value measurement with unobservable inputs reconciliation recurring basis liability interest expense.</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_BOSSRevolutionMoneyTransferMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">BOSS Revolution Money Transfer [Member]</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_OtherMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Other [Member]</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_RegalBancorpMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Regal Bancorp [Member]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_EquityMethodInvestmentMember" xlink:to="IDT_EquityMethodInvestmentMember_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_EquityMethodInvestmentMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Equity Method Investment [Member]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_EMIPreferredStockMember" xlink:to="IDT_EMIPreferredStockMember_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_EMIPreferredStockMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">EMI Preferred Stock [Member]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_RafaelClassBCommonStockMember" xlink:to="IDT_RafaelClassBCommonStockMember_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_RafaelClassBCommonStockMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Rafael Class B Common Stock [Member]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_ZedgeClassBCommonStockMember" xlink:to="IDT_ZedgeClassBCommonStockMember_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_ZedgeClassBCommonStockMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Zedge Class B Common Stock [Member]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_NewJerseyEconomicDevelopmentAuthorityMember" xlink:to="IDT_NewJerseyEconomicDevelopmentAuthorityMember_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_NewJerseyEconomicDevelopmentAuthorityMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">New Jersey Economic Development Authority [Member]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsSegmentMember" xlink:to="IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsSegmentMember_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsSegmentMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Traditional Communications Segment [Member]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_IndemnificationAgreementMember" xlink:to="IDT_IndemnificationAgreementMember_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_IndemnificationAgreementMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Indemnification Agreement [Member]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_TDBankMember" xlink:to="IDT_TDBankMember_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_TDBankMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">TD Bank [Member]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_IDTTelecomMember" xlink:to="IDT_IDTTelecomMember_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_IDTTelecomMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">IDT Telecom [Member]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_PurchaseOfSubsidiaryRestrictedSharesOfCommonStock" xlink:to="IDT_PurchaseOfSubsidiaryRestrictedSharesOfCommonStock_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_PurchaseOfSubsidiaryRestrictedSharesOfCommonStock_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Purchase of subsidiary restricted shares for common stock.</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_RightOfUseAssetReductionFromLeaseModification" xlink:to="IDT_RightOfUseAssetReductionFromLeaseModification_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_RightOfUseAssetReductionFromLeaseModification_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Right of use asset reduction from lease modification.</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_WriteOffOfCapitalizedInternalUseSoftwareCosts" xlink:to="IDT_WriteOffOfCapitalizedInternalUseSoftwareCosts_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_WriteOffOfCapitalizedInternalUseSoftwareCosts_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Write-off of capitalized internal use software costs.</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_SubsidiaryTaxNetOperatingLossCarryForwardsAnnualLimitAmountUnderInternalRevenueCodeAdjustedAmount" xlink:to="IDT_SubsidiaryTaxNetOperatingLossCarryForwardsAnnualLimitAmountUnderInternalRevenueCodeAdjustedAmount_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_SubsidiaryTaxNetOperatingLossCarryForwardsAnnualLimitAmountUnderInternalRevenueCodeAdjustedAmount_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Reacquisition and limitation.</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_TenderOfferNRSOutstandingDSUsPercentage" xlink:to="IDT_TenderOfferNRSOutstandingDSUsPercentage_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_TenderOfferNRSOutstandingDSUsPercentage_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Tender offer NRS outstanding DSUs percentage.</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_SaleOfDSUNumberOfDSUSubjectToOptionToPurchase" xlink:to="IDT_SaleOfDSUNumberOfDSUSubjectToOptionToPurchase_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_SaleOfDSUNumberOfDSUSubjectToOptionToPurchase_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Sale of DSU number of DSU subject to option to purchase.</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_SaleOfDSUAndCommonStockNumberOfDSUSold" xlink:to="IDT_SaleOfDSUAndCommonStockNumberOfDSUSold_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_SaleOfDSUAndCommonStockNumberOfDSUSold_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Sale of DSU and common stock number of DSU sold.</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_SaleOfDSUAndCommonStockNumberOfDSUSubjectToOptionToPurchase" xlink:to="IDT_SaleOfDSUAndCommonStockNumberOfDSUSubjectToOptionToPurchase_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_SaleOfDSUAndCommonStockNumberOfDSUSubjectToOptionToPurchase_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Sale of DSU and common stock number of DSU subject to option to purchase.</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_SaleOfDSUAndCommonStockNumberOfSharesOfCommonStockSold" xlink:to="IDT_SaleOfDSUAndCommonStockNumberOfSharesOfCommonStockSold_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_SaleOfDSUAndCommonStockNumberOfSharesOfCommonStockSold_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Sale of DSU and common stock number of shares of common stock sold.</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_SaleOfDSUNumberOfDSUSold" xlink:to="IDT_SaleOfDSUNumberOfDSUSold_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_SaleOfDSUNumberOfDSUSold_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Sale of DSU number of DSU sold.</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_PurchaseOfDSUAndStockPercentageOfSubsidiaryEquityPurchasedInTransaction" xlink:to="IDT_PurchaseOfDSUAndStockPercentageOfSubsidiaryEquityPurchasedInTransaction_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_PurchaseOfDSUAndStockPercentageOfSubsidiaryEquityPurchasedInTransaction_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Purchase of DSU and stock percentage of subsidiary equity purchase in transaction.</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_CashPaidForPurchaseOfSubsidiaryDSUAndSharesOfCommonStock" xlink:to="IDT_CashPaidForPurchaseOfSubsidiaryDSUAndSharesOfCommonStock_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_CashPaidForPurchaseOfSubsidiaryDSUAndSharesOfCommonStock_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Cash paid for purchase of subsidiary DSU and shares of common stock.</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_StockToBeIssuedForMilestoneSharesNewIssues" xlink:to="IDT_StockToBeIssuedForMilestoneSharesNewIssues_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_StockToBeIssuedForMilestoneSharesNewIssues_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Stock to be issued for milestone shares.</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_SaleOfDSUAndCommonStockNumberOfSharesOfCommonStockSubjectToOptionToPurchase" xlink:to="IDT_SaleOfDSUAndCommonStockNumberOfSharesOfCommonStockSubjectToOptionToPurchase_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_SaleOfDSUAndCommonStockNumberOfSharesOfCommonStockSubjectToOptionToPurchase_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Sale of DSU and common stock number of shares of common stock subject to option to purchase.</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_BOSSRevolutionMember" xlink:to="IDT_BOSSRevolutionMember_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_BOSSRevolutionMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">BOSS Revolution [Member]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_IncomeTaxReconciliationRevaluationOfExistingForeignAttributes" xlink:to="IDT_IncomeTaxReconciliationRevaluationOfExistingForeignAttributes_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_IncomeTaxReconciliationRevaluationOfExistingForeignAttributes_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Income tax reconciliation revaluation of existing foreign attributes.</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_NRSMember" xlink:to="IDT_NRSMember_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_NRSMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">NRS [Member]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_ExchangeOfOutstandingSharesPercentageOnDilutedBasis" xlink:to="IDT_ExchangeOfOutstandingSharesPercentageOnDilutedBasis_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_ExchangeOfOutstandingSharesPercentageOnDilutedBasis_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Exchange of outstanding shares percentage on diluted basis.</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_NoInsiderTradingFlag" xlink:to="IDT_NoInsiderTradingFlag_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_NoInsiderTradingFlag_doc" xml:lang="en-US">No insider trading flag.</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseNet" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseNet_3_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseNet_3_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Other Operating Income (Expense), Net</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AssetsCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_AssetsCurrent_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AssetsCurrent_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Assets, Current</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Liabilities, Current</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_Liabilities" xlink:to="us-gaap_Liabilities_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_Liabilities_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Liabilities</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_TreasuryStockValue" xlink:to="us-gaap_TreasuryStockValue_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_TreasuryStockValue_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Treasury Stock, Value</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockholdersEquity" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockholdersEquity_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockholdersEquity_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Equity, Attributable to Parent</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest_4_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest_4_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Equity, Including Portion Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_GrossProfit" xlink:to="us-gaap_GrossProfit_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_GrossProfit_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Gross Profit</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingExpenses" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingExpenses_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingExpenses_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Operating Expenses</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations before Income Taxes, Noncontrolling Interest</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest" xlink:to="us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTaxIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest" xlink:to="us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTaxIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTaxIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax, Including Portion Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTaxAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest" xlink:to="us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTaxAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTaxAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax, Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax" xlink:to="us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax, Attributable to Parent</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SharesIssued" xlink:to="us-gaap_SharesIssued_3_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_SharesIssued_3_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Shares, Issued</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_MinorityInterestDecreaseFromDistributionsToNoncontrollingInterestHolders" xlink:to="us-gaap_MinorityInterestDecreaseFromDistributionsToNoncontrollingInterestHolders_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_MinorityInterestDecreaseFromDistributionsToNoncontrollingInterestHolders_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Noncontrolling Interest, Decrease from Distributions to Noncontrolling Interest Holders</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DividendsCommonStock" xlink:to="us-gaap_DividendsCommonStock_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DividendsCommonStock_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Dividends, Common Stock</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_MarketableSecuritiesUnrealizedGainLoss" xlink:to="us-gaap_MarketableSecuritiesUnrealizedGainLoss_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_MarketableSecuritiesUnrealizedGainLoss_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Marketable Security, Unrealized Gain (Loss)</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherNoncashIncomeExpense" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherNoncashIncomeExpense_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherNoncashIncomeExpense_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Other Noncash Income (Expense)</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsReceivable" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsReceivable_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_SettlementAssetsReserveDeductions_3_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">SettlementAssetsReserveDeductions</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_AllowanceAndReservesDeductedFromAssetAccountsBalance_4_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">AllowanceAndReservesDeductedFromAssetAccountsBalance</link:label>
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<TYPE>EX-101.PRE
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.3</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm45266145396912">
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<td class="text">IDT
Corporation<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey', window );">Entity Central Index Key</a></td>
<td class="text">0001005731<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber', window );">Entity Tax Identification Number</a></td>
<td class="text">22-3415036<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode', window );">Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code</a></td>
<td class="text">DE<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1', window );">Entity Address, Address Line One</a></td>
<td class="text">520
Broad Street<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown', window );">Entity Address, City or Town</a></td>
<td class="text">Newark<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince', window );">Entity Address, State or Province</a></td>
<td class="text">NJ<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode', window );">Entity Address, Postal Zip Code</a></td>
<td class="text">07102<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CityAreaCode', window );">City Area Code</a></td>
<td class="text">(973)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_LocalPhoneNumber', window );">Local Phone Number</a></td>
<td class="text">438-1000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_Security12bTitle', window );">Title of 12(b) Security</a></td>
<td class="text">Class
    B common stock, par value $0.01 per share<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_TradingSymbol', window );">Trading Symbol</a></td>
<td class="text">IDT<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_SecurityExchangeName', window );">Security Exchange Name</a></td>
<td class="text">NYSE<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer', window );">Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer</a></td>
<td class="text">No<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers', window );">Entity Voluntary Filers</a></td>
<td class="text">No<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus', window );">Entity Current Reporting Status</a></td>
<td class="text">Yes<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent', window );">Entity Interactive Data Current</a></td>
<td class="text">Yes<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityFilerCategory', window );">Entity Filer Category</a></td>
<td class="text">Accelerated Filer<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntitySmallBusiness', window );">Entity Small Business</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany', window );">Entity Emerging Growth Company</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityShellCompany', window );">Entity Shell Company</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityPublicFloat', window );">Entity Public Float</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 643.6<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentsIncorporatedByReferenceTextBlock', window );">Documents Incorporated by Reference [Text Block]</a></td>
<td class="text">The
definitive proxy statement relating to the registrant&#8217;s Annual Meeting of Stockholders, to be held December 12, 2024, is incorporated
by reference into Part III of this Form 10-K to the extent described therein.<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_IcfrAuditorAttestationFlag', window );">ICFR Auditor Attestation Flag</a></td>
<td class="text">true<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentFinStmtErrorCorrectionFlag', window );">Document Financial Statement Error Correction [Flag]</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_AuditorFirmId', window );">Auditor Firm ID</a></td>
<td class="text">248<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_AuditorOpinionTextBlock', window );">Auditor Opinion [Text Block]</a></td>
<td class="text"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of IDT Corporation (a Delaware corporation) and subsidiaries (the &#8220;Company&#8221;)
as of July 31, 2024 and 2023, the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, equity, and cash flows for each of
the three years in the period ended July 31, 2024, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the &#8220;financial statements&#8221;).
In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of July 31,
2024 and 2023, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended July 31, 2024, in
conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.</span><div><div><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (&#8220;PCAOB&#8221;),
the Company&#8217;s internal control over financial reporting as of July 31, 2024, based on criteria established in the 2013 <i>Internal
Control&#8212;Integrated Framework</i> issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (&#8220;COSO&#8221;),
and our report dated October 15, 2024 expressed an unqualified opinion.</span></p>

</div></div><span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_AuditorName', window );">Auditor Name</a></td>
<td class="text">GRANT THORNTON LLP<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_AuditorLocation', window );">Auditor Location</a></td>
<td class="text">New
York, New York<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember', window );">Common Class B [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding', window );">Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">23,654,509<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassAMember', window );">Common Class A [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding', window );">Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,574,326<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_AmendmentFlag">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the XBRL content amends previously-filed or accepted submission.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_AmendmentFlag</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_AuditorFirmId">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>PCAOB issued Audit Firm Identifier</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Form 10-K<br> -Number 249<br> -Section 310<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Form 20-F<br> -Number 249<br> -Section 220<br> -Subsection f<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Form 40-F<br> -Number 249<br> -Section 240<br> -Subsection f<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_AuditorFirmId</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:nonemptySequenceNumberItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_AuditorLocation">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Form 10-K<br> -Number 249<br> -Section 310<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Form 20-F<br> -Number 249<br> -Section 220<br> -Subsection f<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Form 40-F<br> -Number 249<br> -Section 240<br> -Subsection f<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_AuditorLocation</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:internationalNameItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_AuditorName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Form 10-K<br> -Number 249<br> -Section 310<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Form 20-F<br> -Number 249<br> -Section 220<br> -Subsection f<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Form 40-F<br> -Number 249<br> -Section 240<br> -Subsection f<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_AuditorName</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:internationalNameItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_AuditorOpinionTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Regulation S-X<br> -Number 210<br> -Section 2<br> -Subsection 2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_AuditorOpinionTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CityAreaCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Area code of city</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CityAreaCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>End date of current fiscal year in the format --MM-DD.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:gMonthDayItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentAnnualReport">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true only for a form used as an annual report.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Form 10-K<br> -Number 249<br> -Section 310<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Form 20-F<br> -Number 249<br> -Section 220<br> -Subsection f<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Form 40-F<br> -Number 249<br> -Section 240<br> -Subsection f<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentAnnualReport</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentFinStmtErrorCorrectionFlag">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicates whether any of the financial statement period in the filing include a restatement due to error correction.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Regulation S-K<br> -Number 229<br> -Section 402<br> -Subsection w<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Form 10-K<br> -Number 249<br> -Section 310<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Form 20-F<br> -Number 249<br> -Section 220<br> -Subsection f<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Form 40-F<br> -Number 249<br> -Section 240<br> -Subsection f<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentFinStmtErrorCorrectionFlag</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Fiscal period values are FY, Q1, Q2, and Q3. 1st, 2nd and 3rd quarter 10-Q or 10-QT statements have value Q1, Q2, and Q3 respectively, with 10-K, 10-KT or other fiscal year statements having FY.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:fiscalPeriodItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>This is focus fiscal year of the document report in YYYY format. For a 2006 annual report, which may also provide financial information from prior periods, fiscal 2006 should be given as the fiscal year focus. Example: 2006.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:gYearItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>For the EDGAR submission types of Form 8-K: the date of the report, the date of the earliest event reported; for the EDGAR submission types of Form N-1A: the filing date; for all other submission types: the end of the reporting or transition period. The format of the date is YYYY-MM-DD.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:dateItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentTransitionReport">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true only for a form used as a transition report.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Forms 10-K, 10-Q, 20-F<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 13<br> -Subsection a-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentTransitionReport</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentType">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The type of document being provided (such as 10-K, 10-Q, 485BPOS, etc). The document type is limited to the same value as the supporting SEC submission type, or the word 'Other'.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:submissionTypeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentsIncorporatedByReferenceTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Documents incorporated by reference.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-23<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentsIncorporatedByReferenceTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Address Line 1 such as Attn, Building Name, Street Name</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the City or Town</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Code for the postal or zip code</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the state or province.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:stateOrProvinceItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>A unique 10-digit SEC-issued value to identify entities that have filed disclosures with the SEC. It is commonly abbreviated as CIK.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityCentralIndexKey</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:centralIndexKeyItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate number of shares or other units outstanding of each of registrant's classes of capital or common stock or other ownership interests, if and as stated on cover of related periodic report. Where multiple classes or units exist define each class/interest by adding class of stock items such as Common Class A [Member], Common Class B [Member] or Partnership Interest [Member] onto the Instrument [Domain] of the Entity Listings, Instrument.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate 'Yes' or 'No' whether registrants (1) have filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that registrants were required to file such reports), and (2) have been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. This information should be based on the registrant's current or most recent filing containing the related disclosure.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:yesNoItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate if registrant meets the emerging growth company criteria.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityFileNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Commission file number. The field allows up to 17 characters. The prefix may contain 1-3 digits, the sequence number may contain 1-8 digits, the optional suffix may contain 1-4 characters, and the fields are separated with a hyphen.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityFileNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:fileNumberItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityFilerCategory">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate whether the registrant is one of the following: Large Accelerated Filer, Accelerated Filer, Non-accelerated Filer. Definitions of these categories are stated in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. This information should be based on the registrant's current or most recent filing containing the related disclosure.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityFilerCategory</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:filerCategoryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Two-character EDGAR code representing the state or country of incorporation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:edgarStateCountryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Regulation S-T<br> -Number 232<br> -Section 405<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:yesNoItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityPublicFloat">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates computed by reference to the price at which the common equity was last sold, or the average bid and asked price of such common equity, as of the last business day of the registrant's most recently completed second fiscal quarter.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityPublicFloat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The exact name of the entity filing the report as specified in its charter, which is required by forms filed with the SEC.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityRegistrantName</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityShellCompany">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the registrant is a shell company as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityShellCompany</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntitySmallBusiness">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicates that the company is a Smaller Reporting Company (SRC).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntitySmallBusiness</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The Tax Identification Number (TIN), also known as an Employer Identification Number (EIN), is a unique 9-digit value assigned by the IRS.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:employerIdItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate 'Yes' or 'No' if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:yesNoItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate 'Yes' or 'No' if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Is used on Form Type: 10-K, 10-Q, 8-K, 20-F, 6-K, 10-K/A, 10-Q/A, 20-F/A, 6-K/A, N-CSR, N-Q, N-1A.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br> -Section 405<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:yesNoItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_IcfrAuditorAttestationFlag">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Form 10-K<br> -Number 249<br> -Section 310<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Form 20-F<br> -Number 249<br> -Section 220<br> -Subsection f<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Form 40-F<br> -Number 249<br> -Section 240<br> -Subsection f<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_IcfrAuditorAttestationFlag</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_LocalPhoneNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Local phone number for entity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_LocalPhoneNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_Security12bTitle">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Title of a 12(b) registered security.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_Security12bTitle</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:securityTitleItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_SecurityExchangeName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the Exchange on which a security is registered.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection d1-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_SecurityExchangeName</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:edgarExchangeCodeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_TradingSymbol">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Trading symbol of an instrument as listed on an exchange.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_TradingSymbol</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:tradingSymbolItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassAMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassAMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>18
<FILENAME>R2.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.3</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm45266148125440">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2023</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract', window );"><strong>CURRENT ASSETS:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue', window );">Cash and cash equivalents</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 164,557<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 103,637<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue', window );">Restricted cash and cash equivalents</a></td>
<td class="nump">90,899<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">95,186<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesCurrent', window );">Debt securities</a></td>
<td class="nump">23,438<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">42,414<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesFvNi', window );">Equity investments</a></td>
<td class="nump">5,009<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">6,198<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ReceivablesNetCurrent', window );">Trade accounts receivable, net of allowance for credit losses of $6,352 at July 31, 2024 and allowance for doubtful accounts of $5,642 at July 31, 2023</a></td>
<td class="nump">42,215<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">32,092<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SettlementAssetsCurrent', window );">Settlement assets, net of reserve of $1,866 and $1,143 at July 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively</a></td>
<td class="nump">22,186<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">32,396<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_DisbursementPrefunding', window );">Disbursement prefunding</a></td>
<td class="nump">30,736<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">30,113<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseCurrent', window );">Prepaid expenses</a></td>
<td class="nump">17,558<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">16,638<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherAssetsCurrent', window );">Other current assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">25,927<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">28,394<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AssetsCurrent', window );">TOTAL CURRENT ASSETS</a></td>
<td class="nump">422,525<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">387,068<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet', window );">Property, plant, and equipment, net</a></td>
<td class="nump">38,652<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">38,655<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Goodwill', window );">Goodwill</a></td>
<td class="nump">26,288<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">26,457<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherIntangibleAssetsNet', window );">Other intangibles, net</a></td>
<td class="nump">6,285<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">8,196<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LongTermInvestments', window );">Equity investments</a></td>
<td class="nump">6,518<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">9,874<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset', window );">Operating lease right-of-use assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">3,273<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">5,540<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxAssetsNet', window );">Deferred income tax assets, net</a></td>
<td class="nump">35,008<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">24,101<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent', window );">Other assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">11,546<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">10,919<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Assets', window );">TOTAL ASSETS</a></td>
<td class="nump">550,095<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">510,810<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract', window );"><strong>CURRENT LIABILITIES:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent', window );">Trade accounts payable</a></td>
<td class="nump">24,773<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">22,231<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent', window );">Accrued expenses</a></td>
<td class="nump">103,176<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">110,796<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent', window );">Deferred revenue</a></td>
<td class="nump">30,364<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">35,343<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DepositLiabilityCurrent', window );">Customer deposits</a></td>
<td class="nump">83,003<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">86,481<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SettlementLiabilitiesCurrent', window );">Settlement liabilities</a></td>
<td class="nump">21,654<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">21,495<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesCurrent', window );">Other current liabilities</a></td>
<td class="nump">16,374<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">17,761<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent', window );">TOTAL CURRENT LIABILITIES</a></td>
<td class="nump">279,344<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">294,107<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent', window );">Operating lease liabilities</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,533<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,881<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent', window );">Other liabilities</a></td>
<td class="nump">2,662<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,354<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Liabilities', window );">TOTAL LIABILITIES</a></td>
<td class="nump">283,539<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">300,342<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingencies', window );">Commitments and contingencies</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RedeemableNoncontrollingInterestEquityCarryingAmount', window );">Redeemable noncontrolling interest</a></td>
<td class="nump">10,901<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">10,472<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract', window );"><strong>IDT Corporation stockholders&#8217; equity:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PreferredStockValue', window );">Preferred stock, $.01 par value; authorized shares&#8212;10,000; no shares issued</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapital', window );">Additional paid-in capital</a></td>
<td class="nump">303,510<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">301,408<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TreasuryStockValue', window );">Treasury stock, at cost, consisting of 1,698 and 1,698 shares of Class A common stock and 4,493 and 4,152 shares of Class B common stock at July 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively</a></td>
<td class="num">(126,080)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(115,461)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax', window );">Accumulated other comprehensive loss</a></td>
<td class="num">(18,142)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(17,192)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit', window );">Retained earnings</a></td>
<td class="nump">86,580<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">24,662<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquity', window );">Total IDT Corporation stockholders&#8217; equity</a></td>
<td class="nump">246,183<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">193,729<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_MinorityInterest', window );">Noncontrolling interests</a></td>
<td class="nump">9,472<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">6,267<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest', window );">TOTAL EQUITY</a></td>
<td class="nump">255,655<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">199,996<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity', window );">TOTAL LIABILITIES, REDEEMABLE NONCONTROLLING INTEREST, AND EQUITY</a></td>
<td class="nump">550,095<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">510,810<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassAMember', window );">Common Class A [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract', window );"><strong>IDT Corporation stockholders&#8217; equity:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockValue', window );">Common stock, value</a></td>
<td class="nump">33<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">33<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember', window );">Common Class B [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract', window );"><strong>IDT Corporation stockholders&#8217; equity:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockValue', window );">Common stock, value</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 282<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 279<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_DisbursementPrefunding">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disbursement prefunding.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_DisbursementPrefunding</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Carrying value as of the balance sheet date of liabilities incurred (and for which invoices have typically been received) and payable to vendors for goods and services received that are used in an entity's business. Used to reflect the current portion of the liabilities (due within one year or within the normal operating cycle if longer).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(19)(a))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481372/852-10-55-10<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Carrying value as of the balance sheet date of obligations incurred and payable, pertaining to costs that are statutory in nature, are incurred on contractual obligations, or accumulate over time and for which invoices have not yet been received or will not be rendered. Examples include taxes, interest, rent and utilities. Used to reflect the current portion of the liabilities (due within one year or within the normal operating cycle if longer).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(20))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, after tax, of accumulated increase (decrease) in equity from transaction and other event and circumstance from nonowner source.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 14A<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482790/220-10-45-14A<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 11<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482790/220-10-45-11<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 65<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (g)(2)(ii)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480016/944-40-65-2<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 65<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (h)(2)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480016/944-40-65-2<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(30)(a)(4))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(23)(a)(3))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478777/944-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 7: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 14<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482790/220-10-45-14<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapital">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of excess of issue price over par or stated value of stock and from other transaction involving stock or stockholder. Includes, but is not limited to, additional paid-in capital (APIC) for common and preferred stock.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481372/852-10-55-10<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-04(18))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479170/946-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(30)(a)(1))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapital</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_Assets">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of asset recognized for present right to economic benefit.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_Assets</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of asset recognized for present right to economic benefit, classified as current.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AssetsCurrent</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of currency on hand as well as demand deposits with banks or financial institutions. Includes other kinds of accounts that have the general characteristics of demand deposits. Also includes short-term, highly liquid investments that are both readily convertible to known amounts of cash and so near their maturity that they present insignificant risk of changes in value because of changes in interest rates. Excludes cash and cash equivalents within disposal group and discontinued operation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(1))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483467/210-10-45-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-4<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Represents the caption on the face of the balance sheet to indicate that the entity has entered into (1) purchase or supply arrangements that will require expending a portion of its resources to meet the terms thereof, and (2) is exposed to potential losses or, less frequently, gains, arising from (a) possible claims against a company's resources due to future performance under contract terms, and (b) possible losses or likely gains from uncertainties that will ultimately be resolved when one or more future events that are deemed likely to occur do occur or fail to occur.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-03(17))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478546/942-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(25))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(19))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478777/944-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-04(15))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479170/946-210-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<td>credit</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Aggregate par or stated value of issued nonredeemable common stock (or common stock redeemable solely at the option of the issuer). This item includes treasury stock repurchased by the entity. Note: elements for number of nonredeemable common shares, par value and other disclosure concepts are in another section within stockholders' equity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481372/852-10-55-10<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(22))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478777/944-210-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
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<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of obligation to transfer good or service to customer for which consideration has been received or is receivable, classified as current.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479837/606-10-45-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-8<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479837/606-10-45-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, after allowance for credit loss, of investment in debt security measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in other comprehensive income (available-for-sale), investment in debt security measured at amortized cost (held-to-maturity), and investment in debt security measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in net income (trading), classified as current.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, after allocation of valuation allowances and deferred tax liability, of deferred tax asset attributable to deductible differences and carryforwards, with jurisdictional netting.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482525/740-10-45-4<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482525/740-10-45-6<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxAssetsNet</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DepositLiabilityCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The current portion, due within one year or one operating cycle, if longer, of deposits held other than customer deposits.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(20))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DepositLiabilityCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of investment in equity security measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in net income (FV-NI), classified as current.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(2))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483467/210-10-45-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 825<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482736/825-10-45-1A<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesFvNi</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_Goodwill">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, after accumulated impairment loss, of asset representing future economic benefit arising from other asset acquired in business combination or from joint venture formation or both, that is not individually identified and separately recognized.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 49<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482785/280-10-55-49<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 350<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 24<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482548/350-20-55-24<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 820<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 100<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482078/820-10-55-100<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481372/852-10-55-10<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(15))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 350<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482598/350-20-45-1<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 350<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482573/350-20-50-1<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 350<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (h)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482573/350-20-50-1<br><br>Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-03(10)(1))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478546/942-210-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_Goodwill</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_Liabilities">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of liability recognized for present obligation requiring transfer or otherwise providing economic benefit to others.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(22))<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 210<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(20))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(24))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 4: 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(a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481404/852-10-50-7<br><br>Reference 28: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 7<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481404/852-10-50-7<br><br>Reference 29: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 30<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-30<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_Liabilities</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of liabilities and equity items, including the portion of equity attributable to noncontrolling interests, if any.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481372/852-10-55-10<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(25))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478777/944-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(g)(1)(ii))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 323<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481687/323-10-50-3<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 825<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482907/825-10-50-28<br><br>Reference 6: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-03(23))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478546/942-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 7: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(32))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
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</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Total obligations incurred as part of normal operations that are expected to be paid during the following twelve months or within one business cycle, if longer.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LongTermInvestments">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The total amount of investments that are intended to be held for an extended period of time (longer than one operating cycle).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(12))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LongTermInvestments</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_MinorityInterest">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of equity (deficit) attributable to noncontrolling interest. Excludes temporary equity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(31))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(g)(1)(ii))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 323<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481687/323-10-50-3<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 825<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482907/825-10-50-28<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(24))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478777/944-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-04(19))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479170/946-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(i))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480097/470-10-S99-1A<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(iv))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480097/470-10-S99-1A<br><br>Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(5))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480097/470-10-S99-1A<br><br>Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(i))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480097/470-10-S99-1B<br><br>Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(iv))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480097/470-10-S99-1B<br><br>Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(5))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480097/470-10-S99-1B<br><br>Reference 13: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-03(22))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478546/942-210-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_MinorityInterest</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Present value of lessee's discounted obligation for lease payments from operating lease, classified as noncurrent.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479041/842-20-45-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of lessee's right to use underlying asset under operating lease.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479041/842-20-45-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherAssetsCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of current assets classified as other.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481372/852-10-55-10<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(8))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherAssetsCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of noncurrent assets classified as other.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(17))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherIntangibleAssetsNet">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount after accumulated amortization of finite-lived and indefinite-lived intangible assets classified as other.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherIntangibleAssetsNet</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of liabilities classified as other, due within one year or the normal operating cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(20))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481372/852-10-55-10<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of liabilities classified as other, due after one year or the normal operating cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(24))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PreferredStockValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Aggregate par or stated value of issued nonredeemable preferred stock (or preferred stock redeemable solely at the option of the issuer). This item includes treasury stock repurchased by the entity. Note: elements for number of nonredeemable preferred shares, par value and other disclosure concepts are in another section within stockholders' equity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(28))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481372/852-10-55-10<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(21))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478777/944-210-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PreferredStockValue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of asset related to consideration paid in advance for costs that provide economic benefits within a future period of one year or the normal operating cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (g)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483467/210-10-45-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(7))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 340<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 05<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482955/340-10-05-5<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 340<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483032/340-10-45-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount after accumulated depreciation, depletion and amortization of physical assets used in the normal conduct of business to produce goods and services and not intended for resale. Examples include, but are not limited to, land, buildings, machinery and equipment, office equipment, and furniture and fixtures.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 360<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482099/360-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 7A<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478964/842-20-50-7A<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481372/852-10-55-10<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(8))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478777/944-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 360<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478451/942-360-50-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ReceivablesNetCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The total amount due to the entity within one year of the balance sheet date (or one operating cycle, if longer) from outside sources, including trade accounts receivable, notes and loans receivable, as well as any other types of receivables, net of allowances established for the purpose of reducing such receivables to an amount that approximates their net realizable value.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481372/852-10-55-10<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ReceivablesNetCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RedeemableNoncontrollingInterestEquityCarryingAmount">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>As of the reporting date, the aggregate carrying amount of all noncontrolling interests which are redeemable by the (parent) entity (1) at a fixed or determinable price on a fixed or determinable date, (2) at the option of the holder of the noncontrolling interest, or (3) upon occurrence of an event that is not solely within the control of the (parent) entity. This item includes noncontrolling interest holder's ownership (or holders' ownership) regardless of the type of equity interest (common, preferred, other) including all potential organizational (legal) forms of the investee entity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 480<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Subparagraph (12)(c)<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 3A<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480244/480-10-S99-3A<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 480<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Subparagraph (16)(c)<br> -Paragraph 3A<br> -Section S99<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480244/480-10-S99-3A<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 480<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 3A<br> -Subparagraph (15)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480244/480-10-S99-3A<br><br>Reference 4: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 480<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 3A<br> -Subparagraph (14)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480244/480-10-S99-3A<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RedeemableNoncontrollingInterestEquityCarryingAmount</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash and cash equivalents restricted as to withdrawal or usage, classified as current. Cash includes, but is not limited to, currency on hand, demand deposits with banks or financial institutions, and other accounts with general characteristics of demand deposits. Cash equivalents include, but are not limited to, short-term, highly liquid investments that are both readily convertible to known amounts of cash and so near their maturity that they present insignificant risk of changes in value because of changes in interest rates.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(1))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482913/230-10-50-8<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-4<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of accumulated undistributed earnings (deficit).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(30)(a)(3))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481372/852-10-55-10<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 65<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (g)(2)(i)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480016/944-40-65-2<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 65<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (h)(2)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480016/944-40-65-2<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 11<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480990/946-20-50-11<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(23)(a)(4))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478777/944-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-04(17))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479170/946-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 8: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480008/505-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SettlementAssetsCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Cash received or short term receivables for unsettled money transfers, money orders, consumer payments, or business to business payments. Settlement assets include clearing and settling customers payments due to and from financial institutions and may include cash and cash equivalents.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SettlementAssetsCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SettlementLiabilitiesCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amounts payable for money transfers, money orders, and consumer payment service arrangements. Settlement liabilities include amounts payable to intermediaries for global payment transfers.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SettlementLiabilitiesCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquity">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of equity (deficit) attributable to parent. Excludes temporary equity and equity attributable to noncontrolling interest.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(30))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(31))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481372/852-10-55-10<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 830<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 12<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479168/946-830-55-12<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-04(19))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479170/946-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-05(4))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479170/946-210-S99-2<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-09(4)(b))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479134/946-220-S99-3<br><br>Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-09(6))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479134/946-220-S99-3<br><br>Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-09(7))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479134/946-220-S99-3<br><br>Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(g)(1)(ii))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 323<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481687/323-10-50-3<br><br>Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 825<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482907/825-10-50-28<br><br>Reference 14: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 310<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 4.E)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480418/310-10-S99-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockholdersEquity</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of equity (deficit) attributable to parent and noncontrolling interest. Excludes temporary equity.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The amount allocated to treasury stock. Treasury stock is common and preferred shares of an entity that were issued, repurchased by the entity, and are held in its treasury.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.3</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm45266154264432">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) - USD ($)<br> shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2023</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent', window );">Allowance for doubtful accounts receivable current</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 6,352<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 5,642<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_SettlementAssetsReserve', window );">Settlement assets, net of reserve</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,866<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,143<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PreferredStockParOrStatedValuePerShare', window );">Preferred stock, par value</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.01<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.01<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesAuthorized', window );">Preferred stock, shares authorized</a></td>
<td class="nump">10,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">10,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesIssued', window );">Preferred stock, shares issued</a></td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassAMember', window );">Common Class A [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare', window );">Common stock, par value</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.01<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.01<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized', window );">Common stock, shares authorized</a></td>
<td class="nump">35,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">35,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued', window );">Common stock, shares issued</a></td>
<td class="nump">3,272<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,272<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding', window );">Common stock, shares outstanding</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,574<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,574<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TreasuryStockCommonShares', window );">Treasury stock shares</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,698<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,698<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember', window );">Common Class B [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare', window );">Common stock, par value</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.01<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.01<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized', window );">Common stock, shares authorized</a></td>
<td class="nump">200,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">200,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued', window );">Common stock, shares issued</a></td>
<td class="nump">28,177<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">27,851<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding', window );">Common stock, shares outstanding</a></td>
<td class="nump">23,684<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">23,699<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TreasuryStockCommonShares', window );">Treasury stock shares</a></td>
<td class="nump">4,493<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">4,152<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_SettlementAssetsReserve">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Settlement assets, net of reserve.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_SettlementAssetsReserve</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of allowance for credit loss on accounts receivable, classified as current.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(4))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 326<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479344/326-20-45-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 310<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481962/310-10-50-4<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Face amount or stated value per share of common stock.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The maximum number of common shares permitted to be issued by an entity's charter and bylaws.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-04(16)(a))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479170/946-210-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Total number of common shares of an entity that have been sold or granted to shareholders (includes common shares that were issued, repurchased and remain in the treasury). These shares represent capital invested by the firm's shareholders and owners, and may be all or only a portion of the number of shares authorized. Shares issued include shares outstanding and shares held in the treasury.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of shares of common stock outstanding. Common stock represent the ownership interest in a corporation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 505<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-05(4))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479170/946-210-S99-2<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-09(4)(b))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479134/946-220-S99-3<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-04(16)(a))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479170/946-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-09(7))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479134/946-220-S99-3<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PreferredStockParOrStatedValuePerShare">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Face amount or stated value per share of preferred stock nonredeemable or redeemable solely at the option of the issuer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(28))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-13<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PreferredStockParOrStatedValuePerShare</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesAuthorized">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The maximum number of nonredeemable preferred shares (or preferred stock redeemable solely at the option of the issuer) permitted to be issued by an entity's charter and bylaws.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(28))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-04(16)(a))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479170/946-210-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesAuthorized</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesIssued">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of shares issued for nonredeemable preferred shares and preferred shares redeemable solely at option of issuer. Includes, but is not limited to, preferred shares issued, repurchased, and held as treasury shares. Excludes preferred shares classified as debt.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(28))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-13<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesIssued</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_TreasuryStockCommonShares">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of previously issued common shares repurchased by the issuing entity and held in treasury.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481549/505-30-45-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_TreasuryStockCommonShares</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassAMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassAMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>20
<FILENAME>R4.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
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<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.3</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm45266143727632">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="2" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Consolidated Statements of Income - USD ($)<br> shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="3">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2022</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeStatementAbstract', window );"><strong>Income Statement [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Revenues', window );">REVENUES</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,205,778<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,238,854<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,364,057<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CostOfRevenue', window );">DIRECT COST OF REVENUES</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">815,621<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">881,614<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,039,059<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_GrossProfit', window );">GROSS PROFIT</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">390,157<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">357,240<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">324,998<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingExpensesAbstract', window );"><strong>OPERATING EXPENSES:</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense', window );">Selling, general and administrative</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="nump">270,207<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">243,159<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">216,922<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense', window );">Technology and development</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="nump">50,554<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">47,988<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">47,045<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SeveranceCosts1', window );">Severance</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">1,698<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">935<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">116<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseNet', window );">Other operating expense, net (see Note 14)</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">2,945<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">4,415<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">826<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingExpenses', window );">TOTAL OPERATING EXPENSES</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">325,404<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">296,497<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">264,909<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss', window );">Income from operations</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">64,753<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">60,743<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">60,089<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InterestIncomeExpenseNet', window );">Interest income, net</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">4,769<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,147<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">146<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NonoperatingIncomeExpense', window );">Other expense, net</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="num">(7,612)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(3,083)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(25,352)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest', window );">Income before income taxes</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">61,910<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">60,807<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">34,883<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit', window );">Benefit from (provision for) income taxes</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">6,354<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(16,441)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(5,878)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProfitLoss', window );">NET INCOME</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">68,264<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">44,366<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">29,005<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest', window );">Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="num">(3,810)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(3,874)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1,977)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss', window );">NET INCOME ATTRIBUTABLE TO IDT CORPORATION</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">$ 64,454<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 40,492<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 27,028<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareAbstract', window );"><strong>Earnings per share attributable to IDT Corporation common stockholders:</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasic', window );">Basic</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">$ 2.55<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1.59<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1.05<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareDiluted', window );">Diluted</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">$ 2.54<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1.58<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1.03<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasicAbstract', window );"><strong>Weighted-average number of shares used in calculation of earnings per share:</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic', window );">Basic</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">25,241<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">25,517<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">25,791<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding', window );">Diluted</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">25,398<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">25,577<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">26,356<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"><table class="outerFootnotes" width="100%"><tr class="outerFootnote">
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 12pt;" valign="top">[1]</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;" valign="top"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Stock-based
  compensation included in: Technology and development expense &amp; Selling, general and administrative expense</span></td>
</tr></table></td></tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CostOfRevenue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The aggregate cost of goods produced and sold and services rendered during the reporting period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 48<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482785/280-10-55-48<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(2))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483621/220-10-S99-2<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(g)(1)(ii))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 323<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481687/323-10-50-3<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 825<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482907/825-10-50-28<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(i))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480097/470-10-S99-1A<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(ii))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480097/470-10-S99-1A<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(iii)(A))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480097/470-10-S99-1A<br><br>Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(iv))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480097/470-10-S99-1A<br><br>Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(5))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480097/470-10-S99-1A<br><br>Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(i))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480097/470-10-S99-1B<br><br>Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(iii)(A))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480097/470-10-S99-1B<br><br>Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(iii)(B))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480097/470-10-S99-1B<br><br>Reference 14: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(iv))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480097/470-10-S99-1B<br><br>Reference 15: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(5))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480097/470-10-S99-1B<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CostOfRevenue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EarningsPerShareAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasic">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The amount of net income (loss) for the period per each share of common stock or unit outstanding during the reporting period.</p></div>
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-Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483443/250-10-50-7<br><br>Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482689/260-10-45-2<br><br>Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 60B<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482689/260-10-45-60B<br><br>Reference 14: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483443/250-10-50-4<br><br>Reference 15: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name 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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasic</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareDiluted">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The amount of net income (loss) for the period available to each share of common stock or common unit outstanding during the reporting period and to each share or unit that would have been outstanding assuming the issuance of common shares or units for all dilutive potential common shares or units outstanding during the reporting period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483443/250-10-50-6<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 52<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482635/260-10-55-52<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 805<br> -SubTopic 60<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 65<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (g)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147476176/805-60-65-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 323<br> -Name 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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EarningsPerShareDiluted</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_GrossProfit">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Aggregate revenue less cost of goods and services sold or operating expenses directly attributable to the revenue generation activity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 22<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-22<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 48<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482785/280-10-55-48<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-32<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 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-Topic 323<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481687/323-10-50-3<br><br>Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 825<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482907/825-10-50-28<br><br>Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(i))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480097/470-10-S99-1A<br><br>Reference 14: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_GrossProfit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of income (loss) from continuing operations, including income (loss) from equity method investments, before deduction of income tax expense (benefit), and income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 22<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-22<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 48<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482785/280-10-55-48<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-32<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 30<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-30<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 270<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (i)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482964/270-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Subparagraph (ee)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-32<br><br>Reference 7: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/otherTransitionRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-32<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-04(11))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477250/944-220-S99-1<br><br>Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 31<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-31<br><br>Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 235<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-05(b)(2))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477314/942-235-S99-1<br><br>Reference 11: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(10))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483621/220-10-S99-2<br><br>Reference 12: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-04(15))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478524/942-220-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeStatementAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeStatementAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of current income tax expense (benefit) and deferred income tax expense (benefit) pertaining to continuing operations.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 270<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (i)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482964/270-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Subparagraph (ee)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-32<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 12<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-12<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 231<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482663/740-10-55-231<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 9<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483443/250-10-50-9<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 6.I.7)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479360/740-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483443/250-10-50-8<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-10<br><br>Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 22<br> -Subparagraph (h)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-22<br><br>Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-04(9))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477250/944-220-S99-1<br><br>Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Topic 740<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482659/740-20-45-2<br><br>Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(h))<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 235<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_InterestIncomeExpenseNet">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of interest income (expense) classified as operating.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 22<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-22<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-04(10))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478524/942-220-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InterestIncomeExpenseNet</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The portion of profit or loss for the period, net of income taxes, which is attributable to the parent.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of Net Income (Loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The aggregate amount of income or expense from ancillary business-related activities (that is to say, excluding major activities considered part of the normal operations of the business).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(7))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483621/220-10-S99-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NonoperatingIncomeExpense</td>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Generally recurring costs associated with normal operations except for the portion of these expenses which can be clearly related to production and included in cost of sales or services. Includes selling, general and administrative expense.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingExpenses</td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingExpensesAbstract</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The net result for the period of deducting operating expenses from operating revenues.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 22<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-22<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-32<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 30<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-30<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 270<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (i)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482964/270-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Subparagraph (ee)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-32<br><br>Reference 6: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/otherTransitionRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-32<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 31<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-31<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseNet">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The net amount of other operating income and expenses, the components of which are not separately disclosed on the income statement, from items that are associated with the entity's normal revenue producing operations.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseNet</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ProfitLoss">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The consolidated profit or loss for the period, net of income taxes, including the portion attributable to the noncontrolling interest.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483443/250-10-50-6<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 9<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483443/250-10-50-9<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 805<br> -SubTopic 60<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 65<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (g)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147476176/805-60-65-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 323<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 65<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (g)(3)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478666/740-323-65-2<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(g)(1)(ii))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 323<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481687/323-10-50-3<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 825<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI 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Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-2<br><br>Reference 36: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 810<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (a)(1)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481203/810-10-50-1A<br><br>Reference 37: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 810<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481203/810-10-50-1A<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ProfitLoss</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of expense for research and development. Includes, but is not limited to, cost for computer software product to be sold, leased, or otherwise marketed and writeoff of research and development assets acquired in transaction other than business combination or joint venture formation or both. Excludes write-down of intangible asset acquired in business combination or from joint venture formation or both, used in research and development activity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 48<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482785/280-10-55-48<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 985<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481283/985-20-50-2<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 730<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482916/730-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 912<br> -SubTopic 730<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 25<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479532/912-730-25-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_Revenues">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of revenue recognized from goods sold, services rendered, insurance premiums, or other activities that constitute an earning process. Includes, but is not limited to, investment and interest income before deduction of interest expense when recognized as a component of revenue, and sales and trading gain (loss).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 48<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482785/280-10-55-48<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 41<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-41<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 270<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (i)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482964/270-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> 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https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-22<br><br>Reference 25: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 235<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-05(b)(2))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477314/942-235-S99-1<br><br>Reference 26: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(1))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483621/220-10-S99-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_Revenues</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The aggregate total costs related to selling a firm's product and services, as well as all other general and administrative expenses. Direct selling expenses (for example, credit, warranty, and advertising) are expenses that can be directly linked to the sale of specific products. Indirect selling expenses are expenses that cannot be directly linked to the sale of specific products, for example telephone expenses, Internet, and postal charges. General and administrative expenses include salaries of non-sales personnel, rent, utilities, communication, etc.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(4))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483621/220-10-S99-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of expenses for special or contractual termination benefits provided to current employees involuntarily terminated under a benefit arrangement associated exit or disposal activities pursuant to an authorized plan. Excludes expenses related to one-time termination benefits, a discontinued operation or an asset retirement obligation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 230<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-28<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SeveranceCosts1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The average number of shares or units issued and outstanding that are used in calculating diluted EPS or earnings per unit (EPU), determined based on the timing of issuance of shares or units in the period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482662/260-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 16<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482689/260-10-45-16<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of [basic] shares or units, after adjustment for contingently issuable shares or units and other shares or units not deemed outstanding, determined by relating the portion of time within a reporting period that common shares or units have been outstanding to the total time in that period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482662/260-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482689/260-10-45-10<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasicAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasicAbstract</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.3</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm45266148120768">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="2" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Consolidated Statements of Income (Parenthetical) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="3">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2022</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation', window );">Stock-based compensation</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">$ 7,397<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 4,518<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,930<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis=us-gaap_SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpensesMember', window );">Selling, General and Administrative Expenses [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation', window );">Stock-based compensation</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="nump">7,015<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,913<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,871<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis=IDT_TechnologyAndDevelopmentExpenseMember', window );">Technology and Development Expense [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation', window );">Stock-based compensation</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="nump">$ 382<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 605<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 59<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"><table class="outerFootnotes" width="100%"><tr class="outerFootnote">
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 12pt;" valign="top">[1]</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;" valign="top"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Stock-based
  compensation included in: Technology and development expense &amp; Selling, general and administrative expense</span></td>
</tr></table></td></tr>
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<div style="display: none;">
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of noncash expense for share-based payment arrangement.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 230<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-28<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation</td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.3</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm45266144563120">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="3">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2022</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeStatementAbstract', window );"><strong>Income Statement [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProfitLoss', window );">NET INCOME</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 68,264<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 44,366<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 29,005<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParentAbstract', window );"><strong>Other comprehensive income (loss):</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeUnrealizedHoldingGainLossOnSecuritiesArisingDuringPeriodNetOfTax', window );">Change in unrealized loss on available-for-sale securities</a></td>
<td class="nump">265<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(99)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(537)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationGainLossArisingDuringPeriodNetOfTax', window );">Foreign currency translation adjustments</a></td>
<td class="num">(1,215)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(5,788)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(585)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax', window );">Other comprehensive loss</a></td>
<td class="num">(950)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(5,887)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1,122)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTaxIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest', window );">COMPREHENSIVE INCOME</a></td>
<td class="nump">67,314<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">38,479<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">27,883<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTaxAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest', window );">Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests</a></td>
<td class="num">(3,810)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(3,874)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1,977)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax', window );">COMPREHENSIVE INCOME ATTRIBUTABLE TO IDT CORPORATION</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 63,504<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 34,605<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 25,906<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount after tax of increase (decrease) in equity from transactions and other events and circumstances from net income and other comprehensive income, attributable to parent entity. Excludes changes in equity resulting from investments by owners and distributions to owners.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(24))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483621/220-10-S99-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-04(26))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478524/942-220-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-04(22))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477250/944-220-S99-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482790/220-10-45-1A<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482790/220-10-45-1B<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-04(20))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477250/944-220-S99-1<br><br>Reference 7: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482790/220-10-45-5<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount after tax of increase (decrease) in equity from transactions and other events and circumstances from net income (loss) and other comprehensive income (loss), attributable to noncontrolling interests. Excludes changes in equity resulting from investments by owners and distributions to owners.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 20<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 810<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481231/810-10-45-20<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(23))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483621/220-10-S99-2<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-04(25))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478524/942-220-S99-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-04(21))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477250/944-220-S99-1<br><br>Reference 5: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 810<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 21<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481231/810-10-45-21<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482790/220-10-45-1A<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482790/220-10-45-1B<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-04(20))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477250/944-220-S99-1<br><br>Reference 9: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 810<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 4K<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481175/810-10-55-4K<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTaxAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount after tax of increase (decrease) in equity from transactions and other events and circumstances from net income and other comprehensive income. Excludes changes in equity resulting from investments by owners and distributions to owners.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 810<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 19<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481231/810-10-45-19<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(22))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483621/220-10-S99-2<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-04(24))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478524/942-220-S99-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482790/220-10-45-1A<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482790/220-10-45-1B<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-04(20))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477250/944-220-S99-1<br><br>Reference 7: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 810<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 4K<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481175/810-10-55-4K<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTaxIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest</td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeStatementAbstract</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount after tax, before reclassification adjustments of gain (loss) on foreign currency translation adjustments, foreign currency transactions designated and effective as economic hedges of a net investment in a foreign entity and intra-entity foreign currency transactions that are of a long-term-investment nature.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 10A<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 220<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482790/220-10-45-10A<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 11<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482790/220-10-45-11<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 10A<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482790/220-10-45-10A<br><br>Reference 4: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 10A<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482790/220-10-45-10A<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 830<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 9<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481839/830-10-45-9<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 830<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 35<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482014/830-20-35-3<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 830<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 12<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481694/830-30-45-12<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount after tax and reclassification adjustments of other comprehensive income (loss).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 505<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483443/250-10-50-6<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 830<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481674/830-30-50-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 830<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 17<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481694/830-30-45-17<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-04(19))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477250/944-220-S99-1<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482765/220-10-50-4<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482765/220-10-50-5<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 830<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 20<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481694/830-30-45-20<br><br>Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(21))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483621/220-10-S99-2<br><br>Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-04(23))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478524/942-220-S99-1<br><br>Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482790/220-10-45-1B<br><br>Reference 12: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 15<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 220<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482739/220-10-55-15<br><br>Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482790/220-10-45-1A<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax</td>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, after tax and before adjustment, of unrealized holding gain (loss) on investment in debt security measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in other comprehensive income (available-for-sale). Excludes unrealized gain (loss) on investment in debt security measured at amortized cost (held-to-maturity) from transfer to available-for-sale.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 320<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 9<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481800/320-10-50-9<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 10A<br> -Subparagraph (e)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482790/220-10-45-10A<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 11<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482790/220-10-45-11<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeUnrealizedHoldingGainLossOnSecuritiesArisingDuringPeriodNetOfTax</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The consolidated profit or loss for the period, net of income taxes, including the portion attributable to the noncontrolling interest.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ProfitLoss</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.3</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm45266154457520">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Consolidated Statements of Equity - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Total</div></th>
<th class="th">
<div>Common Stock [Member] </div>
<div>Common Class A [Member]</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Common Stock [Member] </div>
<div>Common Class B [Member]</div>
</th>
<th class="th"><div>Additional Paid-in Capital [Member]</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Treasury Stock, Common [Member]</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>AOCI Attributable to Parent [Member]</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Retained Earnings [Member]</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Noncontrolling Interest [Member]</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="rc">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest', window );">Balance at Jul. 31, 2021</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 166,614<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 33<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 264<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 278,021<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (60,413)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (10,183)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (42,858)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,750<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rc">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharesIssued', window );">Balance, shares at Jul. 31, 2021</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,272,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">26,379,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_StockIssuedToRelatedPartyDuringPeriodValueStockOptionsExercised', window );">Exercise of stock options by Howard S. Jonas</a></td>
<td class="num">(3,858)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 10<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">14,920<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(18,788)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_StockIssuedToRelatedPartyDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised', window );">Exercise of stock options by Howard S. Jonas, shares</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueStockOptionsExercised', window );">Exercise of stock options</a></td>
<td class="nump">137<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">137<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised', window );">Exercise of stock options, shares</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">10,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_TreasuryStockValueRepurchasesOfCommonStockThroughRepurchaseProgram', window );">Repurchases of Class B common stock through repurchase program</a></td>
<td class="num">(13,390)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(13,390)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_TreasuryStockValueRestrictedCommonStockPurchasedFromEmployees', window );">Restricted Class B common stock purchased from employees</a></td>
<td class="num">(8,974)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(8,974)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueAcquisitions', window );">Business acquisition holdback payment</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesAcquisitions', window );">Business acquisition holdback payment, shares</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">28,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationRequisiteServicePeriodRecognitionValue', window );">Stock-based compensation</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,930<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 3<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,927<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesShareBasedCompensation', window );">Stock-based compensation, shares</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">308,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_MinorityInterestDecreaseFromDistributionsToNoncontrollingInterestHolders', window );">Distributions to noncontrolling interests</a></td>
<td class="num">(514)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(514)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax', window );">Other comprehensive loss</a></td>
<td class="num">(1,122)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1,122)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_NetIncomeLossIncludingPortionAttributableToRedeemableNonControllingInterestAndNonControllingInterestInSubsidiaries', window );">Net income</a></td>
<td class="nump">28,814<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">27,028<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,786<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalOther', window );">Stock issued/to be issued to an executive officer for bonus payment</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rc">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest', window );">Balance at Jul. 31, 2022</a></td>
<td class="nump">170,637<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 33<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 277<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">296,005<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(101,565)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(11,305)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(15,830)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,022<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rc">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharesIssued', window );">Balance, shares at Jul. 31, 2022</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,272,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">27,725,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueStockOptionsExercised', window );">Exercise of stock options</a></td>
<td class="nump">172<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">172<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised', window );">Exercise of stock options, shares</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">13,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_TreasuryStockValueRepurchasesOfCommonStockThroughRepurchaseProgram', window );">Repurchases of Class B common stock through repurchase program</a></td>
<td class="num">(13,082)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(13,082)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_TreasuryStockValueRestrictedCommonStockPurchasedFromEmployees', window );">Restricted Class B common stock purchased from employees</a></td>
<td class="num">(814)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(814)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueAcquisitions', window );">Business acquisition holdback payment</a></td>
<td class="nump">100<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">100<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesAcquisitions', window );">Business acquisition holdback payment, shares</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,051<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationRequisiteServicePeriodRecognitionValue', window );">Stock-based compensation</a></td>
<td class="nump">4,518<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">4,517<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesShareBasedCompensation', window );">Stock-based compensation, shares</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">85,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_MinorityInterestDecreaseFromDistributionsToNoncontrollingInterestHolders', window );">Distributions to noncontrolling interests</a></td>
<td class="num">(348)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(348)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax', window );">Other comprehensive loss</a></td>
<td class="num">(5,887)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(5,887)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_NetIncomeLossIncludingPortionAttributableToRedeemableNonControllingInterestAndNonControllingInterestInSubsidiaries', window );">Net income</a></td>
<td class="nump">44,085<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">40,492<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,593<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalOther', window );">Stock issued/to be issued to an executive officer for bonus payment</a></td>
<td class="nump">615<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">614<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_StockIssuedtoBeIssuedToExecutiveOfficerForBonusPaymentShares', window );">Stock issued/to be issued to an executive officer for bonus payment, shares</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">25,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rc">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest', window );">Balance at Jul. 31, 2023</a></td>
<td class="nump">199,996<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 33<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 279<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">301,408<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(115,461)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(17,192)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">24,662<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">6,267<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rc">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharesIssued', window );">Balance, shares at Jul. 31, 2023</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,272,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">27,851,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueStockOptionsExercised', window );">Exercise of stock options</a></td>
<td class="nump">172<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">172<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised', window );">Exercise of stock options, shares</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">13,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_TreasuryStockValueRepurchasesOfCommonStockThroughRepurchaseProgram', window );">Repurchases of Class B common stock through repurchase program</a></td>
<td class="num">(9,087)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(9,087)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_TreasuryStockValueRestrictedCommonStockPurchasedFromEmployees', window );">Restricted Class B common stock purchased from employees</a></td>
<td class="num">(1,532)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1,532)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueAcquisitions', window );">Business acquisition holdback payment</a></td>
<td class="nump">100<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">100<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesAcquisitions', window );">Business acquisition holdback payment, shares</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,679<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationRequisiteServicePeriodRecognitionValue', window );">Stock-based compensation</a></td>
<td class="nump">4,406<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">4,405<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesShareBasedCompensation', window );">Stock-based compensation, shares</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">66,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_MinorityInterestDecreaseFromDistributionsToNoncontrollingInterestHolders', window );">Distributions to noncontrolling interests</a></td>
<td class="num">(112)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(112)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax', window );">Other comprehensive loss</a></td>
<td class="num">(950)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(950)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_NetIncomeLossIncludingPortionAttributableToRedeemableNonControllingInterestAndNonControllingInterestInSubsidiaries', window );">Net income</a></td>
<td class="nump">67,835<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">64,454<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,381<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalOther', window );">Stock issued/to be issued to an executive officer for bonus payment</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,494<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,494<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_StockIssuedtoBeIssuedToExecutiveOfficerForBonusPaymentShares', window );">Stock issued/to be issued to an executive officer for bonus payment, shares</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">39,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DividendsCommonStock', window );">Dividends declared ($0.10 per share)</a></td>
<td class="num">(2,536)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(2,536)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_ValueRestrictedSubsidiaryCommonStockPurchasedFromEmployees', window );">Restricted net2phone and National Retail Solutions common stock purchased from employees</a></td>
<td class="num">(4,131)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(4,163)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">32<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueExchangeOfSubsidiarySharesForCommonStock', window );">Exchange of National Retail Solutions shares for Class B common stock</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">94<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(96)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesExchangeOfSubsidiarySharesForCommonStock', window );">Exchange of National Retail Solutions shares for Class B common stock, shares</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">205<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rc">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest', window );">Balance at Jul. 31, 2024</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 255,655<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 33<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 282<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 303,510<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (126,080)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (18,142)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 86,580<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 9,472<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rc">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharesIssued', window );">Balance, shares at Jul. 31, 2024</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,272,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">28,177,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_NetIncomeLossIncludingPortionAttributableToRedeemableNonControllingInterestAndNonControllingInterestInSubsidiaries">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Net Income Loss Including Portion Attributable To Redeemable Non Controlling Interest And Non Controlling Interest In Subsidiaries</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_NetIncomeLossIncludingPortionAttributableToRedeemableNonControllingInterestAndNonControllingInterestInSubsidiaries</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesExchangeOfSubsidiarySharesForCommonStock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Stock issued during period shares exchange of subsidiary shares for common stock.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesExchangeOfSubsidiarySharesForCommonStock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueExchangeOfSubsidiarySharesForCommonStock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Stock issued during period value exchange of subsidiary shares for common stock.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueExchangeOfSubsidiarySharesForCommonStock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_StockIssuedToRelatedPartyDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Stock issued to related party during period shares stock options exercised.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_StockIssuedToRelatedPartyDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_StockIssuedToRelatedPartyDuringPeriodValueStockOptionsExercised">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Stock issued to related party during period value stock options exercised.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_StockIssuedToRelatedPartyDuringPeriodValueStockOptionsExercised</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_StockIssuedtoBeIssuedToExecutiveOfficerForBonusPaymentShares">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Stock issued/to be issued to an executive officer for bonus payment, shares</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_StockIssuedtoBeIssuedToExecutiveOfficerForBonusPaymentShares</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_TreasuryStockValueRepurchasesOfCommonStockThroughRepurchaseProgram">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Treasury stock, value, repurchases of common stock through repurchase program.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_TreasuryStockValueRepurchasesOfCommonStockThroughRepurchaseProgram</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_TreasuryStockValueRestrictedCommonStockPurchasedFromEmployees">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Treasury stock, value, restricted common stock purchased from employees.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_TreasuryStockValueRestrictedCommonStockPurchasedFromEmployees</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_ValueRestrictedSubsidiaryCommonStockPurchasedFromEmployees">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Restricted net2phone common stock purchased from employees.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_ValueRestrictedSubsidiaryCommonStockPurchasedFromEmployees</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalOther">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of other increase (decrease) in additional paid in capital (APIC).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalOther</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationRequisiteServicePeriodRecognitionValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of increase to additional paid-in capital (APIC) for recognition of cost for award under share-based payment arrangement.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 35<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480483/718-10-35-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481089/718-20-55-13<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 12<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481089/718-20-55-12<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationRequisiteServicePeriodRecognitionValue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DividendsCommonStock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of paid and unpaid common stock dividends declared with the form of settlement in cash, stock and payment-in-kind (PIK).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480008/505-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -SubTopic 405<br> -Topic 942<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477787/942-405-45-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DividendsCommonStock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_MinorityInterestDecreaseFromDistributionsToNoncontrollingInterestHolders">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Decrease in noncontrolling interest balance from payment of dividends or other distributions by the non-wholly owned subsidiary or partially owned entity, included in the consolidation of the parent entity, to the noncontrolling interest holders.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480008/505-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_MinorityInterestDecreaseFromDistributionsToNoncontrollingInterestHolders</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount after tax and reclassification adjustments of other comprehensive income (loss).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 505<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483443/250-10-50-6<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 830<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481674/830-30-50-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 830<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 17<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481694/830-30-45-17<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-04(19))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477250/944-220-S99-1<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482765/220-10-50-4<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482765/220-10-50-5<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 830<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 20<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481694/830-30-45-20<br><br>Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(21))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483621/220-10-S99-2<br><br>Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-04(23))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478524/942-220-S99-1<br><br>Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482790/220-10-45-1B<br><br>Reference 12: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 15<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 220<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482739/220-10-55-15<br><br>Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482790/220-10-45-1A<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SharesIssued">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of shares of stock issued as of the balance sheet date, including shares that had been issued and were previously outstanding but which are now held in the treasury.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 505<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SharesIssued</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesAcquisitions">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of shares of stock issued during the period pursuant to acquisitions.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(28))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480008/505-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesAcquisitions</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesShareBasedCompensation">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number, after forfeiture, of shares or units issued under share-based payment arrangement. Excludes shares or units issued under employee stock ownership plan (ESOP).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 505<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(28))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480008/505-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesShareBasedCompensation</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of share options (or share units) exercised during the current period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 505<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(28))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)(iv)(02)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 5: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480008/505-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueAcquisitions">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Value of stock issued pursuant to acquisitions during the period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 505<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(30))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(31))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 5: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480008/505-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueAcquisitions</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueStockOptionsExercised">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Value of stock issued as a result of the exercise of stock options.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 505<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(30))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(31))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 5: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480008/505-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueStockOptionsExercised</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of equity (deficit) attributable to parent and noncontrolling interest. Excludes temporary equity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483443/250-10-50-6<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 805<br> -SubTopic 60<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 65<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (g)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147476176/805-60-65-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 805<br> -SubTopic 60<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 65<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (d)(1)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147476176/805-60-65-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 740<br> 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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<td>credit</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.3</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm45266154736928">
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<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Consolidated Statements of Equity (Parenthetical)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
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<div>Jul. 31, 2024 </div>
<div>$ / shares</div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480008/505-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.3</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm45266144885328">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="3">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2022</div></th>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract', window );"><strong>OPERATING ACTIVITIES</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="nump">$ 44,366<span></span>
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<td class="nump">$ 29,005<span></span>
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<tr class="re">
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="nump">20,351<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">20,136<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">18,115<span></span>
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<tr class="re">
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<td class="num">(10,907)<span></span>
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<td class="nump">12,601<span></span>
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<td class="nump">4,801<span></span>
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<td class="nump">4,390<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,198<span></span>
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<td class="nump">2,330<span></span>
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<tr class="re">
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<td class="nump">1,435<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,368<span></span>
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<td class="nump">18,960<span></span>
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<td class="nump">7,397<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">4,518<span></span>
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<td class="nump">1,930<span></span>
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<tr class="re">
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<td class="nump">3,144<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,175<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,379<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingCapitalAbstract', window );"><strong>Changes in assets and liabilities:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsReceivable', window );">Trade accounts receivable</a></td>
<td class="num">(12,701)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">4,726<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(8,279)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInPrepaidDeferredExpenseAndOtherAssets', window );">Settlement assets, disbursement prefunding, prepaid expenses, other current assets, and other assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">12,735<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(17,503)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(21,046)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilities', window );">Trade accounts payable, accrued expenses, settlement liabilities, other current liabilities, and other liabilities</a></td>
<td class="num">(7,459)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(17,216)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1,110)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherCurrentLiabilities', window );">Customer deposits at IDT Financial Services Limited (Gibraltar-based bank)</a></td>
<td class="num">(3,442)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(4,200)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(15,966)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInContractWithCustomerLiability', window );">Deferred revenue</a></td>
<td class="num">(5,016)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(2,029)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(2,712)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities', window );">Net cash provided by operating activities</a></td>
<td class="nump">78,191<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">54,140<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">29,407<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesAbstract', window );"><strong>INVESTING ACTIVITIES</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment', window );">Capital expenditures</a></td>
<td class="num">(18,922)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(21,958)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(21,879)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireBusinessesNetOfCashAcquired', window );">Payments for acquisitions, net of cash acquired</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(7,552)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireEquityMethodInvestments', window );">Purchase of convertible preferred stock in equity method investment</a></td>
<td class="num">(2,017)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(840)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1,051)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireMarketableSecurities', window );">Purchases of debt securities and equity investments</a></td>
<td class="num">(29,921)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(59,872)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(24,454)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromSaleAndMaturityOfMarketableSecurities', window );">Proceeds from maturities and sales of debt securities and redemption of equity investments</a></td>
<td class="nump">50,112<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">49,211<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">21,157<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities', window );">Net cash used in investing activities</a></td>
<td class="num">(748)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(33,459)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(33,779)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivitiesAbstract', window );"><strong>FINANCING ACTIVITIES</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PaymentsOfDividends', window );">Dividends paid</a></td>
<td class="num">(2,536)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PaymentsToMinorityShareholders', window );">Distributions to noncontrolling interests</a></td>
<td class="num">(112)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(348)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(514)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromNotesPayable', window );">Proceeds from notes payable</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">300<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,301<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RepaymentsOfNotesPayable', window );">Repayment of notes payable</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(2,037)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1,319)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromSaleOfInterestInCorporateUnit', window );">Proceeds from sale of redeemable equity in subsidiary</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">10,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromLinesOfCredit', window );">Proceeds from borrowings under revolving credit facility</a></td>
<td class="nump">32,864<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">27,383<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,566<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RepaymentsOfLinesOfCredit', window );">Repayments of borrowings under revolving credit facility</a></td>
<td class="num">(32,864)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(27,383)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(2,566)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_PurchaseOfSubsidiaryRestrictedSharesOfCommonStock', window );">Purchase of restricted shares of net2phone and National Retail Solutions common stock</a></td>
<td class="num">(4,131)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised', window );">Proceeds from exercise of stock options</a></td>
<td class="nump">172<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">172<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">137<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PaymentsForRepurchaseOfCommonStock', window );">Repurchases of Class B common stock</a></td>
<td class="num">(10,619)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(13,896)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(26,222)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities', window );">Net cash used in financing activities</a></td>
<td class="num">(17,226)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(15,809)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(15,617)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents', window );">Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash and cash equivalents</a></td>
<td class="num">(3,584)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">4,389<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(17,365)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect', window );">Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash and cash equivalents</a></td>
<td class="nump">56,633<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">9,261<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(37,354)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents', window );">Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year</a></td>
<td class="nump">198,823<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">189,562<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">226,916<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents', window );">Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash and cash equivalents at end of year</a></td>
<td class="nump">255,456<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">198,823<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">189,562<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SupplementalCashFlowInformationAbstract', window );"><strong>SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InterestPaidNet', window );">Cash payments made for interest</a></td>
<td class="nump">429<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">536<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">461<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxesPaid', window );">Cash payments made for income taxes</a></td>
<td class="nump">527<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">777<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">109<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NoncashInvestingAndFinancingItemsAbstract', window );"><strong>SUPPLEMENTAL SCHEDULE OF NON-CASH INVESTING AND FINANCING ACTIVITIES</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherSignificantNoncashTransactionValueOfConsiderationGiven1', window );">Value of the Company&#8217;s Class B common stock exchanged for National Retail Solutions shares</a></td>
<td class="nump">6,696<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_ConversionOfEquityMethodInvestmentsSecuredPromissoryNotesIntoConvertiblePreferredStock', window );">Conversion of equity method investment&#8217;s secured promissory notes into convertible preferred stock</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">4,038<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalOther', window );">Shares of the Company&#8217;s Class B common stock issued to certain executive officers for bonus payments</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,494<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">615<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NoncashOrPartNoncashAcquisitionValueOfLiabilitiesAssumed1', window );">Liabilities incurred for acquisitions</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">7,849<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_SharesOfCompanysClassBCommonStockIssuedForBusinessAcquisitions', window );">Shares of the Company&#8217;s Class B common stock issued for business acquisitions</a></td>
<td class="nump">100<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">100<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherSignificantNoncashTransactionValueOfConsiderationReceived1', window );">Cashless exercise of stock options in exchange for shares of the Company&#8217;s Class B common stock</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 14,930<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_ConversionOfEquityMethodInvestmentsSecuredPromissoryNotesIntoConvertiblePreferredStock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Conversion of equity method investment's secured promissory notes into convertible preferred stock.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_ConversionOfEquityMethodInvestmentsSecuredPromissoryNotesIntoConvertiblePreferredStock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_PurchaseOfSubsidiaryRestrictedSharesOfCommonStock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Purchase of subsidiary restricted shares for common stock.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_PurchaseOfSubsidiaryRestrictedSharesOfCommonStock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_SharesOfCompanysClassBCommonStockIssuedForBusinessAcquisitions">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Shares of companys Class B common stock issued for business acquisitions.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_SharesOfCompanysClassBCommonStockIssuedForBusinessAcquisitions</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalOther">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of other increase (decrease) in additional paid in capital (APIC).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalOther</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AdjustmentsToReconcileNetIncomeLossToCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AdjustmentsToReconcileNetIncomeLossToCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash and cash equivalents, and cash and cash equivalents restricted to withdrawal or usage. Excludes amount for disposal group and discontinued operations. Cash includes, but is not limited to, currency on hand, demand deposits with banks or financial institutions, and other accounts with general characteristics of demand deposits. Cash equivalents include, but are not limited to, short-term, highly liquid investments that are both readily convertible to known amounts of cash and so near their maturity that they present insignificant risk of changes in value because of changes in interest rates.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482913/230-10-50-8<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 24<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-24<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-4<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents, and cash and cash equivalents restricted to withdrawal or usage; including effect from exchange rate change. Cash includes, but is not limited to, currency on hand, demand deposits with banks or financial institutions, and other accounts with general characteristics of demand deposits. Cash equivalents include, but are not limited to, short-term, highly liquid investments that are both readily convertible to known amounts of cash and so near their maturity that they present insignificant risk of changes in value because of changes in interest rates.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 24<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-24<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -SubTopic 230<br> -Topic 830<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477401/830-230-45-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxesAndTaxCredits">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of deferred income tax expense (benefit) and income tax credits.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-28<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxesAndTaxCredits</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DepreciationAndAmortization">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The current period expense charged against earnings on long-lived, physical assets not used in production, and which are not intended for resale, to allocate or recognize the cost of such assets over their useful lives; or to record the reduction in book value of an intangible asset over the benefit period of such asset; or to reflect consumption during the period of an asset that is not used in production.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 230<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-28<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 360<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482099/360-10-50-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DepreciationAndAmortization</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of increase (decrease) from effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents, and cash and cash equivalents restricted to withdrawal or usage; held in foreign currencies. Excludes amounts for disposal group and discontinued operations. Cash includes, but is not limited to, currency on hand, demand deposits with banks or financial institutions, and other accounts with general characteristics of demand deposits. Cash equivalents include, but are not limited to, short-term, highly liquid investments that are both readily convertible to known amounts of cash and so near their maturity that they present insignificant risk of changes in value because of changes in interest rates.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 830<br> -SubTopic 230<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477401/830-230-45-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxesPaid">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, before refund, of cash paid to foreign, federal, state, and local jurisdictions as income tax.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2A<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482913/230-10-50-2A<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 23<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-23<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 22<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-22<br><br>Reference 4: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 25<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-25<br><br>Reference 5: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482913/230-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeTaxesPaid</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilities">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The increase (decrease) during the reporting period in the amounts payable to vendors for goods and services received and the amount of obligations and expenses incurred but not paid.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 230<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-28<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilities</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsReceivable">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The increase (decrease) during the reporting period in amount due within one year (or one business cycle) from customers for the credit sale of goods and services.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 230<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-28<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsReceivable</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInContractWithCustomerLiability">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of increase (decrease) in obligation to transfer good or service to customer for which consideration has been received or is receivable.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 912<br> -SubTopic 310<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 11<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478345/912-310-45-11<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-28<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInContractWithCustomerLiability</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingCapitalAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingCapitalAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherCurrentLiabilities">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of increase (decrease) in current liabilities classified as other.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-28<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherCurrentLiabilities</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInPrepaidDeferredExpenseAndOtherAssets">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of increase (decrease) in prepaid expenses, and assets classified as other.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 230<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-28<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInPrepaidDeferredExpenseAndOtherAssets</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_InterestPaidNet">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash paid for interest, excluding capitalized interest, classified as operating activity. Includes, but is not limited to, payment to settle zero-coupon bond for accreted interest of debt discount and debt instrument with insignificant coupon interest rate in relation to effective interest rate of borrowing attributable to accreted interest of debt discount.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 17<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-17<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 25<br> -Subparagraph (e)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-25<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482913/230-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InterestPaidNet</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_MarketableSecuritiesUnrealizedGainLoss">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of unrealized gain (loss) on investment in marketable security.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(7)(c))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483621/220-10-S99-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_MarketableSecuritiesUnrealizedGainLoss</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash inflow (outflow) from financing activities, including discontinued operations. Financing activity cash flows include obtaining resources from owners and providing them with a return on, and a return of, their investment; borrowing money and repaying amounts borrowed, or settling the obligation; and obtaining and paying for other resources obtained from creditors on long-term credit.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 24<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-24<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivitiesAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivitiesAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash inflow (outflow) from investing activities, including discontinued operations. Investing activity cash flows include making and collecting loans and acquiring and disposing of debt or equity instruments and property, plant, and equipment and other productive assets.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 24<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-24<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash inflow (outflow) from operating activities, including discontinued operations. Operating activity cash flows include transactions, adjustments, and changes in value not defined as investing or financing activities.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-28<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 24<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-24<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 25<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-25<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NoncashInvestingAndFinancingItemsAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NoncashInvestingAndFinancingItemsAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NoncashOrPartNoncashAcquisitionValueOfLiabilitiesAssumed1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The total amount of [all] liabilities that an Entity assumes in acquiring a business or in consideration for an asset received in a noncash (or part noncash) acquisition. Noncash is defined as transactions during a period that affect recognized assets or liabilities but that do not result in cash receipts or cash payments in the period. "Part noncash" refers to that portion of the transaction not resulting in cash receipts or cash payments in the period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482913/230-10-50-4<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482913/230-10-50-3<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482913/230-10-50-5<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NoncashOrPartNoncashAcquisitionValueOfLiabilitiesAssumed1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherNoncashIncomeExpense">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of income (expense) included in net income that results in no cash inflow (outflow), classified as other.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-28<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherNoncashIncomeExpense</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherSignificantNoncashTransactionValueOfConsiderationGiven1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The value of the noncash (or part noncash) consideration given (for example, liability, equity) in a transaction. Noncash is defined as transactions during a period that do not result in cash receipts or cash payments in the period. "Part noncash" refers to that portion of a transaction not resulting in cash receipts or cash payments in the period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482913/230-10-50-4<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482913/230-10-50-3<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482913/230-10-50-5<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherSignificantNoncashTransactionValueOfConsiderationGiven1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherSignificantNoncashTransactionValueOfConsiderationReceived1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The value of the noncash (or part noncash) consideration received in a transaction. Noncash is defined as transactions during a period that do not result in cash receipts or cash payments in the period. "Part noncash" refers to that portion of a transaction not resulting in cash receipts or cash payments in the period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482913/230-10-50-4<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482913/230-10-50-3<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482913/230-10-50-5<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherSignificantNoncashTransactionValueOfConsiderationReceived1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PaymentsForRepurchaseOfCommonStock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The cash outflow to reacquire common stock during the period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 15<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-15<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PaymentsForRepurchaseOfCommonStock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PaymentsOfDividends">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Cash outflow in the form of capital distributions and dividends to common shareholders, preferred shareholders and noncontrolling interests.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 15<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-15<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PaymentsOfDividends</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireBusinessesNetOfCashAcquired">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The cash outflow associated with the acquisition of a business, net of the cash acquired from the purchase.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-13<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireBusinessesNetOfCashAcquired</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireEquityMethodInvestments">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The cash outflow associated with the purchase of or advances to an equity method investments, which are investments in joint ventures and entities in which the entity has an equity ownership interest normally of 20 to 50 percent and exercises significant influence.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-13<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireEquityMethodInvestments</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireMarketableSecurities">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash outflow for purchase of marketable security.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 320<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 11<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481830/320-10-45-11<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireMarketableSecurities</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The cash outflow associated with the acquisition of long-lived, physical assets that are used in the normal conduct of business to produce goods and services and not intended for resale; includes cash outflows to pay for construction of self-constructed assets.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-13<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PaymentsToMinorityShareholders">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash outflow to a noncontrolling interest. Includes, but not limited to, reduction of noncontrolling interest ownership. Excludes dividends paid to the noncontrolling interest.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 15<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-15<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PaymentsToMinorityShareholders</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromLinesOfCredit">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash inflow from contractual arrangement with the lender, including but not limited to, letter of credit, standby letter of credit and revolving credit arrangements.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(f))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 14<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-14<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ProceedsFromLinesOfCredit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromNotesPayable">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The cash inflow from a borrowing supported by a written promise to pay an obligation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 14<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-14<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ProceedsFromNotesPayable</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromSaleAndMaturityOfMarketableSecurities">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The cash inflow associated with the aggregate amount received by the entity through sale or maturity of marketable securities (held-to-maturity or available-for-sale) during the period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ProceedsFromSaleAndMaturityOfMarketableSecurities</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromSaleOfInterestInCorporateUnit">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The cash inflow resulting from the sale of an interest in a corporate unit during the period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 14<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 230<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-14<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ProceedsFromSaleOfInterestInCorporateUnit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash inflow from exercise of option under share-based payment arrangement.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 14<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 230<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-14<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2A<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 718<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2A<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ProfitLoss">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The consolidated profit or loss for the period, net of income taxes, including the portion attributable to the noncontrolling interest.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483443/250-10-50-6<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 9<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483443/250-10-50-9<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 805<br> -SubTopic 60<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 65<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (g)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147476176/805-60-65-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 323<br> -Name 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Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-2<br><br>Reference 36: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 810<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (a)(1)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481203/810-10-50-1A<br><br>Reference 37: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 810<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481203/810-10-50-1A<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ProfitLoss</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ProvisionForDoubtfulAccounts">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of expense (reversal of expense) for expected credit loss on accounts receivable.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 326<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479319/326-20-50-13<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(5))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483621/220-10-S99-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ProvisionForDoubtfulAccounts</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RepaymentsOfLinesOfCredit">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash outflow for payment of an obligation from a lender, including but not limited to, letter of credit, standby letter of credit and revolving credit arrangements.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 15<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-15<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(f))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RepaymentsOfLinesOfCredit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RepaymentsOfNotesPayable">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The cash outflow for a borrowing supported by a written promise to pay an obligation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 15<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-15<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RepaymentsOfNotesPayable</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of noncash expense for share-based payment arrangement.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 230<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-28<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.3</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm45266145786320">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Pay vs Performance Disclosure - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
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<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2023</div></th>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.3</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm45266148657648">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.3</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm45266148656336">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2024</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract', window );"><strong>Accounting Policies [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SignificantAccountingPoliciesTextBlock', window );">Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_804_eus-gaap--SignificantAccountingPoliciesTextBlock_zt4b3bdBGbvg" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Note
1&#8212;<span id="xdx_828_zlQbpv897HNg">Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies</span></span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Description
of Business</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">IDT
Corporation (the &#8220;Company&#8221;) is a provider of point-of-sale (&#8220;POS&#8221;) terminal-based solutions, international
money remittances and other financial technology, or fintech, offerings, cloud communications, and traditional communications
services. The Company has <span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--NumberOfReportableSegments_pid_dc_uSegments_c20230801__20240731_z6sCzBC9b5dk" title="Number of reportable segments">four</span>
reportable business segments, National Retail Solutions (&#8220;NRS&#8221;), Fintech, net2phone (which comprises our cloud communications offerings), and Traditional
Communications.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
of July 31, 2024, the Company owned <span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent_iI_pid_dp_uPure_c20240731__srt--OwnershipAxis__custom--NetTwophoneTwoZeroIncMember_zsFOeLmdiGZk" title="Ownership percentage">94.0</span>% of the outstanding shares of its subsidiary, net2phone 2.0, Inc. (&#8220;net2phone 2.0&#8221;),
which owns and operates the net2phone segment, and <span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent_iI_pid_dp_uPure_c20240731__srt--OwnershipAxis__custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember_zOyjiiv0Vny4" title="Ownership percentage">81.5</span>% of the outstanding shares of NRS, and, on a fully diluted basis assuming all
the vesting criteria related to various rights granted have been met, the Company would own <span id="xdx_900_ecustom--FullyDilutedMinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent_pid_dp_uPure_c20230801__20240731__srt--OwnershipAxis__custom--NetTwophoneTwoZeroIncMember_zccJlDWqGtIa" title="Fully diluted basis assuming vesting, percentage">90.0</span>% of net2phone
2.0 and <span id="xdx_900_ecustom--FullyDilutedMinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent_pid_dp_uPure_c20230801__20240731__srt--OwnershipAxis__custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember_zTUp3OHmrnSg" title="Fully diluted basis assuming vesting, percentage">79.3</span>% of NRS.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p id="xdx_84F_eus-gaap--ConsolidationPolicyTextBlock_z6kaXGSxngS1" style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_869_zMVeOkFruog">Basis
of Consolidation</span></span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
method of accounting applied to long-term investments, whether consolidated, equity or cost, involves an evaluation of the significant
terms of each investment that explicitly grant or suggest evidence of control or influence over the operations of the entity in which the Company owns an interest and includes
the identification of any variable interests in which the Company is the primary beneficiary. The consolidated financial statements include
the Company&#8217;s controlled subsidiaries and the variable interest entity in which the Company is the primary beneficiary (see Note
13). All significant intercompany accounts and transactions between the consolidated entities are eliminated.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p id="xdx_841_eus-gaap--UseOfEstimates_z8ogqz5OdpP6" style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_866_zSIs61iy3ZQb">Use
of Estimates</span></span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (&#8220;U.S.
GAAP&#8221;) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying
notes. Actual results may differ from those estimates.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p id="xdx_84A_eus-gaap--PriorPeriodReclassificationAdjustmentDescription_ztC0ETtrrHxi" style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_86A_zFIvysppyYP">Reclassifications</span></span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">From
and after August 1, 2023, the Company includes depreciation and amortization in &#8220;Direct cost of revenues&#8221; and &#8220;Selling,
general and administrative&#8221; expense and is reporting gross profit in accordance with U.S. GAAP in the consolidated statements
of income. Prior to August 1, 2023, depreciation and amortization was a separate caption in the consolidated statements of income.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">From
and after February 1, 2024, the Company reclassified most of its technology and development expenses from &#8220;Selling, general and
administrative&#8221; expense to a new &#8220;Technology and development&#8221; expense caption in the consolidated statements of income
and reclassified an amount that was immaterial in all periods to &#8220;Direct cost of revenues.&#8221; &#8220;Technology and development&#8221;
expense consists primarily of personnel-related expenses for employees involved in the research, design, development, and maintenance
of both new and existing technology products and services, including salaries, benefits, and stock-based compensation. &#8220;Technology
and development&#8221; expense also includes costs for software licenses, subscription services, and other companywide technology tools
dedicated for use by the Company&#8217;s technology and development teams. The costs of third-party contractors that support the Company&#8217;s
technology and development are also included. &#8220;Technology and development&#8221; expense also includes the costs of product and
engineering teams used to support the development of both internal infrastructure and internal-use software, to the extent such costs
do not qualify for capitalization. The expenses reclassified to &#8220;Direct cost of revenues&#8221; are the costs of cloud computing
arrangements hosted by a vendor in the production environment incurred by the net2phone segment and NRS, and net2phone&#8217;s colocation
costs for data centers where net2phone is not fully operational in the cloud. Finally, depreciation and amortization of capitalized internal
use software costs was reclassified from &#8220;Selling, general and administrative&#8221; expense to &#8220;Technology and development&#8221;
expense.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>




<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p id="xdx_89F_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfErrorCorrectionsAndPriorPeriodAdjustmentsTextBlock_zxTzxw3XLB0j" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
following table shows the amounts that were reclassified in fiscal 2023 and fiscal 2022 to conform to the current year&#8217;s presentation:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;<span id="xdx_8B6_z6ud8mTfybRj" style="display: none">Schedule
of Amount that were Reclassified</span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">Year ended July 31 <br/>(in thousands)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_491_20220801__20230731_zJEWlhtMsoUb" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_495_20210801__20220731_z5WM4imWLJpg" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2022</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td>Selling, general and administrative expense reclassified to:</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense_hsrt--RestatementAxis__srt--ScenarioPreviouslyReportedMember__srt--ProductOrServiceAxis__custom--DirectCostOfRevenuesMember_ziQ3FRDz0Rf8" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; width: 60%; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Direct cost of revenues</td><td style="width: 2%; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 16%; text-align: right">1,364</td><td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 2%; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 16%; text-align: right">1,113</td><td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_406_eus-gaap--SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense_hsrt--RestatementAxis__srt--ScenarioPreviouslyReportedMember__srt--ProductOrServiceAxis__custom--TechnologyAndDevelopmentExpenseMember_zKtJfXgmfxbf" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Technology and development expense</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">35,230</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">34,935</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense_hsrt--RestatementAxis__srt--ScenarioPreviouslyReportedMember__srt--ProductOrServiceAxis__custom--TechnologyAndDevelopmentExpenseMember_zzG26jWfQkgf" style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Selling,
    general and administrative expense</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">35,230</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">34,935</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Depreciation and amortization expense reclassified to:</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--DepreciationAndAmortization_hsrt--RestatementAxis__srt--ScenarioPreviouslyReportedMember__us-gaap--IncomeStatementLocationAxis__custom--DirectCostOfRevenuesMember_zx93ECVMAltj" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Direct cost of revenues</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">4,516</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">3,516</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--DepreciationAndAmortization_hsrt--RestatementAxis__srt--ScenarioPreviouslyReportedMember__us-gaap--IncomeStatementLocationAxis__us-gaap--SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpensesMember_zIewBddravg3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Selling, general and administrative expense</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2,862</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2,489</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_404_eus-gaap--DepreciationAndAmortization_hsrt--RestatementAxis__srt--ScenarioPreviouslyReportedMember__us-gaap--IncomeStatementLocationAxis__custom--TechnologyAndDevelopmentExpenseMember_zEvuyCUUDEgl" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Technology and development expense</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">12,758</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">12,110</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_403_eus-gaap--DepreciationAndAmortization_hsrt--RestatementAxis__srt--ScenarioPreviouslyReportedMember__us-gaap--IncomeStatementLocationAxis__custom--TechnologyAndDevelopmentExpenseMember_zVu48QfOx2Kj" style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Depreciation
    and amortization expense</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">12,758</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">12,110</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
</table>

<p id="xdx_8AB_z52yrA3wsYI7" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p id="xdx_849_eus-gaap--InvestmentPolicyTextBlock_zr6Oj41Lthzg" style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_860_zxLqPagFopE2">Accounting
for Investments</span></span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Investments
in businesses that the Company does not control, but in which the Company has the ability to exercise significant influence over operating
and financial matters, are accounted for using the equity method. Investments in which the Company does not have the ability to exercise
significant influence over operating and financial matters are accounted for using the cost method. Investments in hedge funds are accounted
for using the equity method unless the Company&#8217;s interest is so minor that it has virtually no influence over operating and financial
policies, in which case these investments are accounted for using the cost method. The Company periodically evaluates its equity and
cost method investments for impairment due to declines considered to be other than temporary. If the Company determines that a decline
in fair value is other than temporary, then a charge to earnings is recorded in &#8220;Other expense, net&#8221; in the accompanying
consolidated statements of income, and a new basis in the investment is established.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p id="xdx_84B_eus-gaap--RevenueRecognitionPolicyTextBlock_zLfuLdvGcynd" style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_867_zaIxA1iaMjO">Revenue
Recognition</span></span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company recognizes revenue upon the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration
to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services, in accordance with a five-step process as follows:
(i) identify the contract(s) with a customer, (ii) identify the performance obligations in the contract(s), (iii) determine the transaction
price, (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract(s), and (v) recognize revenue when, or as,
the Company satisfies a performance obligation.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p id="xdx_848_eus-gaap--CostOfSalesPolicyTextBlock_zvt18dfdZ2V2" style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_868_zVYGnxOcLec1">Direct
Cost of Revenues</span></span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Direct
cost of revenues consists primarily of termination and origination costs, toll-free costs, and network costs&#8212;including
customer/carrier interconnect charges and fiber circuit charges. These costs include an estimate of charges for which invoices have
not yet been received, and estimated amounts for pending disputes with other carriers. Direct cost of revenues also includes the
cost of airtime top-up minutes, the cost of NRS&#8217; POS terminals sold, the costs of cloud computing arrangements hosted by a
vendor in the production environment incurred by the net2phone segment and NRS, net2phone&#8217;s colocation costs for data centers
where net2phone is not fully operational in the cloud, net2phone&#8217;s cost of equipment sold, and commissions paid to
disbursement agents, sales agents, and retailers for BOSS Money&#8217;s originations and distributions.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p id="xdx_84F_eus-gaap--CashAndCashEquivalentsPolicyTextBlock_zHygsWVFyZC4" style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_867_zoIJ8rpLmBtc">Cash
and Cash Equivalents</span></span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company considers all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p id="xdx_84B_eus-gaap--MarketableSecuritiesPolicy_zqju8xfY10nk" style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_86C_z2UVk5Ugawv9">Debt
Securities</span></span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company&#8217;s investments in debt securities are classified as &#8220;available-for-sale.&#8221; Available-for-sale debt securities
are required to be carried at their fair value, with unrealized gains that are considered temporary in nature recorded in &#8220;Accumulated
other comprehensive loss&#8221; in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. On August 1, 2023, the Company adopted Accounting Standards
Update (&#8220;ASU&#8221;) No. 2016-13, <i>Financial Instruments&#8212;Credit Losses (Topic 326)</i>, <i>Measurement of Credit Losses
on Financial Instruments.</i> For available-for-sale debt securities with unrealized losses, ASU 2016-13 replaced the concept of &#8220;other-than-temporary&#8221;
impairment with a determination whether any impairment is a result of a credit loss or other factors. The portion of the unrealized loss
that is the result of a credit loss is recognized as an allowance and a corresponding expense recorded in &#8220;Other expense, net&#8221;
in the consolidated statement of income. Unrealized loss that is not the result of a credit loss is recorded in &#8220;Accumulated other
comprehensive loss&#8221; in the consolidated balance sheets. The adoption of the new standard did not have a material impact on the
Company&#8217;s consolidated financial statements, and it was not necessary to record a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings
as of August 1, 2023.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company uses the specific identification method in computing the gross realized gains and gross realized losses on the sales of debt
securities.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p id="xdx_84A_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestmentsPolicy_zvaYlqWqGYwd" style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_86D_zVGqGjvzoGK7">Equity
Investments</span></span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Investments
in equity securities (except those accounted for under the equity method or that result in consolidation) are measured at fair value,
with changes in fair value recognized in net income. For investments in equity securities without a readily determinable fair value,
the Company elects the measurement alternative and measures these investments at cost, less any impairment, plus or minus changes resulting
from observable price changes in orderly transactions for an identical or similar investment of the same issuer. At each reporting date,
the Company reassesses whether the investment still qualifies for this measurement alternative. Further, at each reporting date, the
Company performs a qualitative assessment to evaluate whether the investment is impaired. If the qualitative assessment indicates that
the investment is impaired and the fair value of the investment is less than its carrying value, the carrying amount of the investment
will be reduced and the resulting loss recognized in &#8220;Other expense, net&#8221; in the accompanying consolidated statements of
income in the period the impairment is identified.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>




<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On
August 1, 2024, the Company adopted ASU No. 2022-03, <i>Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820)</i>, <i>Fair Value Measurement of Equity Securities
Subject to Contractual Sale Restrictions,</i> that clarifies that a contractual restriction on the sale of an equity security is not
considered part of the unit of account of the equity security and, therefore, is not considered in measuring fair value. The ASU also
requires specific disclosures related to equity securities that are subject to contractual sales restrictions. The adoption of the new
standard did not have a material impact on the Company&#8217;s consolidated financial statements.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p id="xdx_84F_ecustom--SettlementsAssetsAndLiabilitiesPolicyTextBlock_zjjCPja8bUoa" style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_860_zYC74SAermfh">Settlement
Assets and Settlement Liabilities</span></span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Settlement
assets represent funds to be received for unsettled international money remittance and related value/payment transfer services. The receivables
are due from financial institutions and agents for payment instruments sold and amounts advanced by the Company to certain agents for
operational and local regulatory purposes. These receivables are outstanding from the day of the sale of the payment instrument until
the financial institution or agent remits the funds to the Company. The Company provides an allowance for the portion of the receivable
estimated to become uncollectible based on its history of collection experience, known collection issues, consumer credit card chargebacks
and insufficient funds, and other matters the Company identifies in its routine collection monitoring.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Settlement
liabilities represent obligations relating to amounts payable under international money remittance and related value/payment transfer
services. These obligations are recognized by the Company at the time the underlying transaction occurs. The Company records corresponding
settlement assets for the funds to be received.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p id="xdx_84E_ecustom--DisbursementPrefundingPolicyTextBlock_zMt8yKbdK8bg" style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_86D_ziXcOMtpaLee">Disbursement
Prefunding</span></span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company maintains relationships with disbursement partners in various countries for its BOSS Money and IDT Digital Payments services.
The Company maintains prefunding balances with these disbursement partners, so they can satisfy the Company&#8217;s customer liabilities.
The Company does not earn interest on these balances. The balances are not compensating balances and are not legally restricted.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p id="xdx_847_eus-gaap--InventoryPolicyTextBlock_zYonBBRzZAlf" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i><span id="xdx_86C_zeseEfNxgzc7">Inventory</span></i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Inventory
consists of NRS&#8217; POS terminals that it sells to retailers. Inventory is measured at the lower of cost and net realizable value.
Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less reasonably predictable costs of completion,
disposal, and transportation.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p id="xdx_849_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentPolicyTextBlock_zXdKcWPCymD2" style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_86E_znXwMrwJSqpk">Property,
Plant, and Equipment and Intangible Assets</span></span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Equipment,
computer software, and furniture and fixtures are recorded at cost and are depreciated on a straight-line basis over their estimated
useful lives, which are as follows: equipment&#8212;<span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife_iI_dtY_c20240731__us-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis__us-gaap--EquipmentMember__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MinimumMember_zIBt7qCxGref" title="Estimated useful lives of long-lived assets">5</span> and <span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife_iI_dtY_c20240731__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MaximumMember__us-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis__us-gaap--EquipmentMember_zMA3oyrnBgv8" title="Estimated useful lives of long-lived assets">7</span> years; computer software&#8212;<span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife_iI_dtY_c20240731__us-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis__custom--ComputerSoftwareMember_zslQCsrFPBB3" title="Estimated useful lives of long-lived assets">3</span> years; and furniture and fixtures&#8212;<span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife_iI_dtY_c20240731__us-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis__us-gaap--FurnitureAndFixturesMember_zVo0M4RMGirh" title="Estimated useful lives of long-lived assets">5</span>
years. Leasehold improvements are recorded at cost and are depreciated on a straight-line basis over the term of their lease or their
estimated useful lives, whichever is shorter.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Non-compete
agreements, customer relationships, and tradenames are amortized over their estimated useful lives (see Notes 6 and 12).</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company tests the recoverability of its property, plant, and equipment and intangible assets with finite useful lives whenever events
or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the asset may not be recoverable. The Company tests for recoverability
based on the projected undiscounted cash flows to be derived from such asset. If the projected undiscounted future cash flows are less
than the carrying value of the asset, the Company will record an impairment loss, if any, based on the difference between the estimated
fair value and the carrying value of the asset. The Company generally measures fair value by considering sale prices for similar assets
or by discounting estimated future cash flows from such asset using an appropriate discount rate. Cash flow projections and fair value
estimates require significant estimates and assumptions by management. Should the estimates and assumptions prove to be incorrect, the
Company may be required to record impairments in future periods and such impairments could be material.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p id="xdx_844_eus-gaap--GoodwillAndIntangibleAssetsGoodwillPolicy_zM8SJCvOWAac" style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_863_zvxMJs8GKFZf">Goodwill</span></span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Goodwill
is the excess of the consideration paid for a business over the fair value of the identifiable net assets acquired. Goodwill and other
indefinite lived intangible assets are not amortized. Instead, these assets are reviewed annually (or more frequently under various conditions)
for impairment. The Company has the option to perform a qualitative assessment to determine whether it is necessary to perform the quantitative
goodwill impairment test. However, the Company may elect to perform the quantitative goodwill impairment test even if no indications
of a potential impairment exist.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>




<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">When
performing its quantitative annual, or an interim (when conditions warrant), goodwill impairment test the Company compares the fair value of its reporting
units with their carrying amounts. The Company would recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount
exceeds the reporting unit&#8217;s fair value; however, the loss recognized would not exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated
to that reporting unit. Additionally, the Company considers income tax effects from any tax-deductible goodwill on the carrying
amount of its reporting unit when measuring the goodwill impairment loss, if applicable. The fair value of the reporting units is
estimated using discounted cash flow methodologies, as well as considering third party market value indicators. The Company&#8217;s
use of a discounted cash flow methodology includes estimates of future revenue based upon budgets and projections. The Company also
develops estimates for future levels of gross and operating profits and projected capital expenditures. The Company&#8217;s
methodology also includes the use of estimated discount rates based upon industry and competitor analysis as well as other factors.
Calculating the fair value of the reporting units requires significant estimates and assumptions by management. Should the estimates
and assumptions regarding the fair value of the reporting units prove to be incorrect, the Company may be required to record
impairments to its goodwill in future periods and such impairments could be material.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p id="xdx_842_eus-gaap--AdvertisingCostsPolicyTextBlock_z5j55ECmcjl2" style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_860_zm21vnQjgco2">Advertising
Expense</span></span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Cost
of advertising is charged to selling, general and administrative expense in the period in which it is incurred. In fiscal 2024, fiscal
2023, and fiscal 2022, advertising expense was $<span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--AdvertisingExpense_pn5n6_c20230801__20240731_z6zBPi6hR5c2" title="Advertising expense">19.0 </span>million, $<span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--AdvertisingExpense_pn5n6_c20220801__20230731_zsH72kBYJ1Y2" title="Advertising expense">17.9</span> million, and $<span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--AdvertisingExpense_pn5n6_c20210801__20220731_zUQmxg6vVeog" title="Advertising expense">17.0</span> million, respectively.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p id="xdx_84E_eus-gaap--InternalUseSoftwarePolicy_zvqcYfGBKGab" style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_865_zO7OV3mU92ci">Capitalized
Internal Use Software Costs</span></span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_907_ecustom--InternalUseSoftwarePolicyDescription_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis__us-gaap--SoftwareAndSoftwareDevelopmentCostsMember_zGmVodas4Igl" title="Internal use software policy description">The
Company capitalizes the cost of internal-use software that has a useful life in excess of one year.</span> These costs consist of payments made
to third parties and the salaries of employees working on such software development. Subsequent additions, modifications or upgrades
to internal-use software are capitalized only to the extent that they allow the software to perform a task it previously did not perform.
Software maintenance and training costs are charged to expense in the period in which they are incurred. Capitalized internal use software
costs are amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives. Amortization expense related to such capitalized software
in fiscal 2024, fiscal 2023, and fiscal 2022 was $<span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--CapitalizedComputerSoftwareAmortization1_pn5n6_c20230801__20240731_zrkXrXPqvQKb" title="Amortization expense">12.8</span> million, $<span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--CapitalizedComputerSoftwareAmortization1_pn5n6_c20220801__20230731_zNAgCsMSkuWc" title="Amortization expense">13.2</span> million, and $<span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--CapitalizedComputerSoftwareAmortization1_pn5n6_c20210801__20220731_zg8fQwxApb9i" title="Amortization expense">12.2</span> million, respectively. Unamortized capitalized
internal use software costs at July 31, 2024 and 2023 were $<span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--CapitalizedComputerSoftwareNet_iI_pn5n6_c20240731_zAM47QmM4yWj" title="Unamortized capital expense">18.6</span> million and $<span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--CapitalizedComputerSoftwareNet_iI_pn5n6_c20230731_z1RQ0qQE76Qb" title="Unamortized capital expense">18.8</span> million, respectively.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p id="xdx_845_eus-gaap--MaintenanceCostPolicyPolicyTextBlock_zTvYmOJbPtkh" style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_86F_zq6Vk248a94f">Repairs
and Maintenance</span></span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company charges the cost of repairs and maintenance, including the cost of replacing minor items not constituting substantial betterment,
to selling, general and administrative expense or technology and development expense as these costs are incurred.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p id="xdx_847_eus-gaap--ForeignCurrencyTransactionsAndTranslationsPolicyTextBlock_zEIxWaUzwF52" style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_863_z8SqqbhGSwl6">Foreign
Currency Translation</span></span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Assets
and liabilities of foreign subsidiaries denominated in foreign currencies are translated to U.S. Dollars at end-of-period rates of exchange,
and their monthly results of operations are translated to U.S. Dollars at the average rates of exchange for that month. Gains or losses
resulting from such foreign currency translations are recorded in &#8220;Accumulated other comprehensive loss&#8221; in the accompanying
consolidated balance sheets. Foreign currency transaction gains and losses are reported in &#8220;Other expense, net&#8221; in the accompanying
consolidated statements of income.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p id="xdx_84D_eus-gaap--IncomeTaxPolicyTextBlock_zuwS0zY8Gk07" style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_869_zFp0n4G9qoLb">Income
Taxes</span></span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company recognizes deferred tax assets and liabilities for the future tax consequences attributable to temporary differences between
the financial statements carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. A valuation allowance is
provided when it is more likely than not that some portion or all of a deferred tax asset will not be realized. The ultimate realization
of deferred tax assets depends on the generation of future taxable income during the period in which related temporary differences become
deductible. The Company considers the scheduled reversal of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income and tax planning
strategies in its assessment of a valuation allowance. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using the enacted tax rates expected
to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred
tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date of such change.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company uses a two-step approach for recognizing and measuring tax benefits taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. The Company
determines whether it is more-likely-than-not that a tax position will be sustained upon examination, including resolution of any related
appeals or litigation processes, based on the technical merits of the position. In evaluating whether a tax position has met the more-likely-than-not
recognition threshold, the Company presumes that the position will be examined by the appropriate taxing authority that has full knowledge
of all relevant information. Tax positions that meet the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold are measured to determine the amount
of tax benefit to recognize in the financial statements. The tax position is measured at the largest amount of benefit that is greater
than 50 percent likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement. Differences between tax positions taken in a tax return and amounts
recognized in the financial statements will generally result in one or more of the following: an increase in a liability for income taxes
payable, a reduction of an income tax refund receivable, a reduction in a deferred tax asset, or an increase in a deferred tax liability.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company classifies interest and penalties on income taxes as a component of income tax expense.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>




<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p id="xdx_846_eus-gaap--CommitmentsAndContingenciesPolicyTextBlock_zg766rs3RBug" style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_867_zapFAmyeR9xj">Contingencies</span></span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company accrues for loss contingencies when both (a) information available prior to issuance of the financial statements indicates that
it is probable that a liability had been incurred at the date of the financial statements and (b) the amount of loss can reasonably be
estimated. When the Company accrues for loss contingencies and the reasonable estimate of the loss is within a range, the Company records
its best estimate within the range. When no amount within the range is a better estimate than any other amount, the Company accrues the
minimum amount in the range. The Company discloses an estimated possible loss or a range of loss when it is at least reasonably possible
that a loss may have been incurred.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p id="xdx_842_eus-gaap--EarningsPerSharePolicyTextBlock_z1T3UWSrnOA1" style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_869_zBgYbddNq7hf">Earnings
Per Share</span></span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Basic
earnings per share is computed by dividing net income attributable to all classes of common stockholders of the Company by the weighted
average number of shares of all classes of common stock outstanding during the applicable period. Diluted earnings per share is determined
in the same manner as basic earnings per share, except that the number of shares is increased to include restricted stock still subject
to risk of forfeiture and to assume exercise of potentially dilutive stock options using the treasury stock method, unless the effect
of such increase is anti-dilutive.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p id="xdx_893_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfEarningsPerShareDilutedByCommonClassTextBlock_zxGUjGZ2HVth" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
weighted-average number of shares used in the calculation of basic and diluted earnings per share attributable to the Company&#8217;s
common stockholders consists of the following:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;<span id="xdx_8BE_zW4lZwULr7A2" style="display: none">Schedule of Weighted-average Number of Shares Used in the Calculation of Basic and Diluted Earnings Per Share</span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
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    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_493_20230801__20240731_zWbMzk4B5bR2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_493_20220801__20230731_zESuaCVMa1Sj" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_499_20210801__20220731_zXo38ZnhSd5i" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2022</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic_pn3n3_zo6VFphWnrHe" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 52%">Basic weighted-average number of shares</td><td style="width: 2%; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 12%; text-align: right">25,791</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_403_eus-gaap--IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToCallOptionsAndWarrants_pn3n3_zK30cUYsOZAb" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; text-indent: -8.65pt; padding-left: 17.3pt">Stock options</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">1</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">434</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToNonvestedSharesWithForfeitableDividends_pn3n3_zjNN2HCbT5th" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">156</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">51</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">131</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40B_eus-gaap--WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding_pn3n3_zVPhqI2ww3L9" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">Diluted weighted-average number of shares</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">25,577</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">26,356</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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<p id="xdx_8A9_zzJa0cZfiYV7" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">There
were <span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount_do_c20230801__20240731_zZmrlXp3yLyk" title="Shares excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share"><span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount_do_c20220801__20230731_zMJUyWFTTj9i" title="Shares excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share"><span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount_do_c20210801__20220731_z0gv6Tdcc8e7" title="Shares excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share">no</span></span></span> shares excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share in fiscal 2024, fiscal 2023, or fiscal 2022.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p id="xdx_848_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationOptionAndIncentivePlansPolicy_zWTBzUj4NCR7" style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_866_ztLEW1aMZ0W8">Stock-Based
Compensation</span></span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company recognizes compensation expense for its grants of stock-based awards based on the estimated fair value on the grant date. Compensation
cost for awards is recognized using the straight-line method over the requisite service period, which is usually the vesting period.
Stock-based compensation is included in selling, general and administrative expense and technology and development expense.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p id="xdx_840_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskCreditRisk_zWJhfDbhSCn2" style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_86E_zZfqQtZslua5">Vulnerability
Due to Certain Concentrations</span></span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Financial
instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentration of credit risk consist principally of cash, cash equivalents, restricted
cash and cash equivalents, debt securities, equity investments, and trade accounts receivable. The Company holds cash and cash equivalents
at several major financial institutions, which often exceed FDIC insurance limits. Historically, the Company has not experienced any
losses due to such concentration of credit risk. The Company&#8217;s temporary cash investments policy is to limit the dollar amount
of investments with any one financial institution and monitor the credit ratings of those institutions. While the Company may be exposed
to credit losses due to the nonperformance of the holders of its deposits, the Company does not expect the settlement of these transactions
to have a material effect on its results of operations, cash flows, or financial condition.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
concentration of credit risk with respect to trade accounts receivable is limited due to the large number of customers in various geographic
regions and industry segments comprising the Company&#8217;s customer base. No single customer accounted for more than 10% of consolidated
revenues in fiscal 2024, fiscal 2023 or fiscal 2022. However, the Company&#8217;s five largest customers collectively accounted for <span id="xdx_90D_ecustom--ConcentrationRiskThresholdPercentage_pid_dp_uPure_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_zWEjujsXLVBb" title="Concentration risk threshold, percentage">10.3</span>%,
<span id="xdx_90A_ecustom--ConcentrationRiskThresholdPercentage_pid_dp_uPure_c20220801__20230731__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_z17AtqKup5i1" title="Concentration risk threshold, percentage">10.8</span>%, and <span id="xdx_902_ecustom--ConcentrationRiskThresholdPercentage_pid_dp_uPure_c20210801__20220731__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_zZox5s00o0z4" title="Concentration risk threshold, percentage">12.5</span>% of its consolidated revenues in fiscal 2024, fiscal 2023, and fiscal 2022, respectively. The Company&#8217;s customers
with the five largest receivable balances collectively accounted for <span id="xdx_909_ecustom--ConcentrationRiskThresholdPercentage_pid_dp_uPure_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--AccountsReceivableMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_zj5YdAwNYH9b" title="Concentration risk threshold, percentage">22.7</span>% and <span id="xdx_903_ecustom--ConcentrationRiskThresholdPercentage_pid_dp_uPure_c20220801__20230731__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--AccountsReceivableMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_zdIrhhFouxyj" title="Concentration risk threshold, percentage">16.7</span>% of the consolidated gross trade accounts receivable
at July 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. This concentration of customers increases the Company&#8217;s risk associated with nonpayment
by those customers. In an effort to reduce such risk, the Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of its significant customers. In
addition, the Company attempts to mitigate the credit risk related to specific IDT Global customers by also buying services from the
customer, in order to create an opportunity to offset its payables and receivables and reduce its net trade receivable exposure risk.
When it is practical to do so, the Company will increase its purchases from IDT Global customers with receivable balances that exceed
the Company&#8217;s applicable payables in order to maximize the offset and reduce its credit risk.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>



<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p id="xdx_84E_ecustom--AllowanceForCreditLossesAndAllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsPolicyTextBlock_zVV3AEmuYBf6" style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_867_zvqLZDF0cO6j">Allowance
for Credit Losses and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts</span></span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Effective
with the adoption of ASU 2016-13 on August 1, 2023, the Company records an expense based on a forward-looking current expected credit
loss model to maintain its allowance for credit losses, which replaced the allowance for doubtful accounts. When determining its allowance
for trade accounts receivable, the Company considers the probability of recoverability of accounts receivable based on experience, taking
into account current collection trends and general economic factors, including bankruptcy rates. The Company also considers future economic
trends to estimate expected credit losses over the lifetime of the asset. Credit risks are assessed based on historical write-offs, net
of recoveries, as well as an analysis of the aged accounts receivable balances with allowances generally increasing as the receivable
ages. Accounts receivable may be fully reserved for when specific collection issues are known to exist, such as pending bankruptcies.
Account balances are written off against the allowance when it is determined that the receivable will not be recovered. The adoption
of ASU 2016-13 did not have a material impact on the Company&#8217;s consolidated financial statements, and it was not necessary to record
a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of August 1, 2023.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Prior
to the adoption of ASU 2016-13, the Company estimated the balance of its allowance for doubtful accounts by analyzing accounts receivable
balances by age and applying historical write-off and collection trend rates. The Company&#8217;s estimates included separately providing
for customer receivables based on specific circumstances and credit conditions, and when it was deemed probable that the balance was
uncollectible.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p id="xdx_89F_eus-gaap--AccountsReceivableAllowanceForCreditLossTableTextBlock_ztzPbgnVIHgc" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
changes in the allowance and reserves deducted from asset accounts is as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;<span id="xdx_8B4_zZreWFoiz1pd" style="display: none">Schedule of Changes In Allowance and Reserves Deducted From Asset Accounts</span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">Year ended July 31 <br/>(in thousands)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">Deductions <br/>(1)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">2024</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">Deducted from asset accounts:</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 20pt; width: 40%; text-align: left">Allowance for credit losses</td><td style="width: 2%; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent_iS_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731_zHsTWeGxVFt5" style="width: 11%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Allowance for doubtful accounts, Balance at beginning of year">5,642</td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 2%; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98D_ecustom--ProvisionForAccountsReceivableDoubtfulAccounts_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731_zshT59LFM2Ga" style="width: 11%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Allowance for doubtful accounts, Additions charged to costs and expenses">3,402</td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 2%; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableWriteOffs_iN_pn3n3_di_c20230801__20240731_fKDEp_zPiRObONBhCk" style="width: 11%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Allowance for doubtful accounts, Deductions">(2,692</td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td style="width: 2%; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent_iE_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731_zCw4fAj0MgDc" style="width: 11%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Allowance for doubtful accounts, Balance at end of year">6,352</td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 20pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Reserve for losses on settlement assets</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98B_ecustom--SettlementAssetsReserve_iS_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731_z7vCSXqdlBa8" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Reserve for losses on settlement assets, Balance at beginning of year">1,143</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_984_ecustom--ProvisionForSettlementAssetsReserve_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731_z6humRffmc15" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Reserve for losses on settlement assets, Additions charged to costs and expenses">988</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_983_ecustom--SettlementAssetsReserveDeductions_iN_pn3n3_di_c20230801__20240731_fKDEp_zmecqNnnnfcd" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Reserve for losses on settlement assets, Deductions">(265</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98D_ecustom--SettlementAssetsReserve_iE_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731_z5oWHvvZ9QKi" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Reserve for losses on settlement assets, Balance at end of year">1,866</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 20pt; padding-bottom: 1pt">Total</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_989_ecustom--AllowanceAndReservesDeductedFromAssetAccountsBalance_iS_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731_zJKxiyxqQPDh" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Allowance and reserves deducted from asset, Balance at beginning of year">6,785</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--ProvisionForDoubtfulAccounts_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731_zh6SzdVp62Ij" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Allowance and reserves deducted from asset, Additions charged to costs and expenses">4,390</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_985_ecustom--AllowanceAndReservesDeductedFromAssetAccountsBalance_iE_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731_za8l6Ekook4f" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Allowance and reserves deducted from asset, Balance at end of year">8,218</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">2023</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">Deducted from asset accounts:</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 20pt; text-align: left">Allowance for doubtful accounts</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent_iS_pn3n3_c20220801__20230731_zyDvvx84yO4a" style="text-align: right" title="Allowance for doubtful accounts, Balance at beginning of year">5,328</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableWriteOffs_iN_pn3n3_di_c20220801__20230731_fKDEp_zFzeaZUERiy5" style="text-align: right" title="Allowance for doubtful accounts, Deductions">(1,264</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent_iE_pn3n3_c20220801__20230731_zrZKcCIbbQNe" style="text-align: right" title="Allowance for doubtful accounts, Balance at end of year">5,642</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 20pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Reserve for losses on settlement assets</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98F_ecustom--SettlementAssetsReserve_iS_pn3n3_c20220801__20230731_zM7ssqfNPgLa" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Reserve for losses on settlement assets, Balance at beginning of year">554</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_989_ecustom--ProvisionForSettlementAssetsReserve_pn3n3_c20220801__20230731_zkDSuD4S6CSb" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Reserve for losses on settlement assets, Additions charged to costs and expenses">620</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98D_ecustom--SettlementAssetsReserveDeductions_iN_pn3n3_di_c20220801__20230731_fKDEp_z4m9NKtQIC3g" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Reserve for losses on settlement assets, Deductions">(31</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_984_ecustom--SettlementAssetsReserve_iE_pn3n3_c20220801__20230731_zJASWl1BVGEl" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Reserve for losses on settlement assets, Balance at end of year">1,143</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 20pt; padding-bottom: 1pt">Total</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--ProvisionForDoubtfulAccounts_pn3n3_c20220801__20230731_z7cecI69oGij" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Allowance and reserves deducted from asset, Additions charged to costs and expenses">2,198</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_983_ecustom--AllowanceAndReservesDeductedFromAssetAccountsDeductions_iN_pn3n3_di_c20220801__20230731_fKDEp_zERNPXntbNvi" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Allowance and reserves deducted from asset, Deductions">(1,295</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_980_ecustom--AllowanceAndReservesDeductedFromAssetAccountsBalance_iE_pn3n3_c20220801__20230731_z0zQRRdKMUHa" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Allowance and reserves deducted from asset, Balance at end of year">6,785</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">2022</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">Deducted from asset accounts:</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 20pt; text-align: left">Allowance for doubtful accounts</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent_iS_pn3n3_c20210801__20220731_zu4zqFKL4Y0b" style="text-align: right" title="Allowance for doubtful accounts, Balance at beginning of year">4,129</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_980_ecustom--ProvisionForAccountsReceivableDoubtfulAccounts_pn3n3_c20210801__20220731_zbrfT7NXXDC6" style="text-align: right" title="Allowance for doubtful accounts, Additions charged to costs and expenses">1,982</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableWriteOffs_iN_pn3n3_di_c20210801__20220731_fKDEp_zqrtnME8nnJh" style="text-align: right" title="Allowance for doubtful accounts, Deductions">(783</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98C_ecustom--AllowanceAndReservesDeductedFromAssetAccountsBalance_iE_pn3n3_c20210801__20220731_z6gOVy9Laf47" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Allowance and reserves deducted from asset, Balance at end of year">5,882</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 6pt; width: 100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td id="xdx_F0F_z9X9ON5FPA63" style="width: 15pt; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(1)</span></td><td style="width: 5pt"></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span id="xdx_F13_zNG3pS1Hu1Fg" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Primarily uncollectible
accounts written off, net of recoveries.</span></td>
</tr></table>

<p id="xdx_8AF_zDkpVCte4YUg" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p id="xdx_84A_eus-gaap--FairValueMeasurementPolicyPolicyTextBlock_zSCVqeFQJQv4" style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_86F_zh3slqpTIq5j">Fair
Value Measurements</span></span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Fair
value of financial and non-financial assets and liabilities is defined as an exit price, which is the price that would be received to
sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The three-tier
hierarchy for inputs used to measure fair value, which prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value, is
as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; width: 10%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Level
    1 &#8211;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; vertical-align: bottom; width: 90%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">quoted
    prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Level
    2 &#8211;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">quoted
    prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets or inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly
    or indirectly through market corroboration, for substantially the full term of the financial instrument.</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Level
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">unobservable
    inputs based on the Company&#8217;s assumptions used to measure assets and liabilities at fair value.</span></td></tr>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">A
financial asset or liability&#8217;s classification within the hierarchy is determined based on the lowest level input that is significant
to the fair value measurement. The assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement requires judgment
and may affect the valuation of the assets and liabilities being measured and their placement within the fair value hierarchy.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>



<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p id="xdx_843_eus-gaap--LesseeLeasesPolicyTextBlock_zuFpm1G7FBkd" style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_86E_zkAltCCaJZ1k">Leases</span></span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company determines whether an arrangement is a lease at the inception of the arrangement based on the terms and conditions in the contract.
A contract contains a lease if there is an identified asset which the Company has the right to control. The Company records a right-of-use
(&#8220;ROU&#8221;) asset and a lease liability on the balance sheet on the lease commencement date for all leases with terms longer
than 12 months. Leases are classified as either finance or operating, with classification affecting the pattern of expense recognition
in the income statement. The ROU asset and lease liability are recorded based on the present value of the Company&#8217;s obligation
to make payments over the lease term. The present value of the lease payments is calculated using the incremental borrowing rate based
on the rate of interest that the Company would have to pay to borrow an amount equal to the lease payments on a collateralized basis
over a similar term. The Company recognizes lease cost for its leases on a straight-line basis over the lease term.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p id="xdx_84B_eus-gaap--NewAccountingPronouncementsPolicyPolicyTextBlock_zjYcyfNt8Roc" style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_866_zOLyIcAlDt4a">Recently
Adopted Accounting Standard&#8212;Segment Reporting</span></span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On
August 1, 2024, the Company adopted ASU No. 2023-07, <i>Segment Reporting (Topic 280)</i>, <i>Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures,
</i>that is intended to improve the disclosures about reportable segments and add more detailed information about a reportable segment&#8217;s
expenses. These changes will affect the Company&#8217;s segment reporting beginning with its Annual Report for fiscal 2025 and its Quarterly
Reports in fiscal 2026 applied retrospectively to all prior periods presented. The amendments in the ASU require public entities to disclose
on an annual and interim basis significant segment expenses that are regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker (&#8220;CODM&#8221;)
and included within each reported measure of segment profit or loss, other segment items by reportable segment, the title and position
of the CODM, and an explanation of how the CODM uses the reported measures of segment profit or loss in assessing segment performance
and deciding how to allocate resources. The ASU does not change the definition of a segment, the method for determining segments, the
criteria for aggregating operating segments into reportable segments, or the current specifically enumerated segment expenses that are
required to be disclosed. The adoption of this ASU did not impact the Company&#8217;s results of operations, cash flows, or financial
condition.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p id="xdx_843_ecustom--RecentlyIssuedAccountingStandardsNotYetAdoptedPolicyTextBlock_zLnMGk9lNtM5" style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_86C_z6XHTmPnRcug">Recently
Issued Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted</span></span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
December 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (&#8220;FASB&#8221;) issued ASU No. 2023-09, <i>Income Taxes (Topic 740)</i>,
<i>Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures</i>, primarily related to the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid disclosures as well
as certain other amendments to income tax disclosures. Entities will be required on an annual basis to consistently categorize and provide
greater disaggregation of rate reconciliation information and further disaggregate their income taxes paid. The Company will adopt the
amendments in this ASU for its fiscal year beginning on August 1, 2025. The amendments in this ASU should be applied on a prospective
basis, although retrospective application is permitted. The Company is evaluating the impact that this ASU will have on its consolidated
financial statements.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-08, <i>Intangibles-Goodwill and Other-Crypto Assets (Subtopic 350-60)</i>, <i>Accounting
for and Disclosure of Crypto Assets</i>, that changes the accounting for crypto assets from a cost-less-impairment model to fair value,
with changes recognized in net income each reporting period. The ASU also requires enhanced disclosures including, among other things,
the name, cost basis, fair value, and number of units for each significant holding, and a rollforward of annual activity including additions,
dispositions, gains, and losses. The Company will adopt the amendments in this ASU for its fiscal year beginning on August 1, 2025. The
ASU requires a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings as of adoption. The Company is evaluating the
impact that this ASU will have on its consolidated financial statements.</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<span></span>
</td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.3</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm45266144933440">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Business Segment Information<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2024</div></th></tr>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SegmentReportingDisclosureTextBlock', window );">Business Segment Information</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_805_eus-gaap--SegmentReportingDisclosureTextBlock_zvZN50oLLCec" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Note
2&#8212;<span id="xdx_823_z8lmj7X6GtAe">Business Segment Information</span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company&#8217;s reportable segments are distinguished by types of service, customers, and methods used to provide their services. The
operating results of these business segments are regularly reviewed by the Company&#8217;s CODM. The accounting policies of the segments
are the same as the accounting policies of the Company as a whole. There are no significant asymmetrical allocations to segments. The
Company evaluates the performance of its business segments based primarily on income (loss) from operations.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
NRS segment is an operator of a nationwide POS network providing independent retailers with store management software, electronic payment
processing, and other ancillary merchant services. NRS&#8217; POS platform provides marketers with digital out-of-home advertising and
transaction data.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Fintech segment is comprised of: (i) BOSS Money, a provider of international money remittance and related value/payment transfer services;
and (ii) other, significantly smaller, financial services businesses, including a variable interest entity that operates money transfer
businesses, and IDT Financial Services Limited (&#8220;IDT Financial Services&#8221;), the Company&#8217;s Gibraltar-based bank.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center">&#160;</p>




<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
net2phone segment is comprised of net2phone&#8217;s integrated cloud communications and contact center services.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Traditional Communications segment includes: (i) IDT Digital Payments, which enables customers to transfer airtime and bundles of
airtime, messaging, and data to international and domestic mobile accounts; (ii) BOSS Revolution (formerly BOSS Revolution Calling),
an international long-distance calling service marketed primarily to immigrant communities in the United States and Canada; and
(iii) IDT Global, a wholesale provider of international voice and SMS termination and outsourced traffic management solutions to
telecoms worldwide. Traditional Communications also includes other small businesses and offerings including early-stage business
initiatives and mature businesses in harvest mode.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Corporate
costs mainly include compensation, consulting fees, treasury, tax and accounting services, human resources, corporate purchasing, corporate
governance including Board of Directors&#8217; fees, internal and external audit, investor relations, corporate insurance, corporate
legal, and other corporate-related general and administrative expenses. Corporate does not generate any revenues, nor does it incur any
direct cost of revenues.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p id="xdx_899_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfSegmentReportingInformationBySegmentTextBlock_zXXgYgsraaPk" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Operating
results for the business segments of the Company were as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span id="xdx_8BF_zkB6lFF6YP32" style="display: none">Schedule of Operating Results of Business Segments</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(8,064</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(82</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr id="xdx_43F_c20220801__20230731_eus-gaap--OperatingIncomeLoss_pn3n3_zOd6GSUqR0Ih" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(9,657</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr id="xdx_43F_c20210801__20220731_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zNuzGBiMzpJb" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr id="xdx_43E_c20210801__20220731_eus-gaap--OperatingIncomeLoss_pn3n3_ziEiTSZ2L3tc" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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<p id="xdx_8A5_zaJYkXqAcyjf" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Total
assets for the reportable segments are not provided because a significant portion of the Company&#8217;s assets service multiple segments
and the Company does not track such assets separately by segment.</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Geographic
Information</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p id="xdx_897_eus-gaap--LongLivedAssetsByGeographicAreasTableTextBlock_zN9DY2ZTj6ql" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Net
long-lived assets and total assets held outside of the United States, which are located primarily in Western Europe, were as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span id="xdx_8B6_zoWAdLvHBqgc" style="display: none">Schedule of Net Long-lived Assets and Total Assets by Geographic Areas</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">305,738</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">550,095</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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    <td style="text-align: left">Long-lived assets, net</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">29,415</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">14,780</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">44,195</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Total assets</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">267,746</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">243,064</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">510,810</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<span></span>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for reporting segments including data and tables. Reportable segments include those that meet any of the following quantitative thresholds a) it's reported revenue, including sales to external customers and intersegment sales or transfers is 10 percent or more of the combined revenue, internal and external, of all operating segments b) the absolute amount of its reported profit or loss is 10 percent or more of the greater, in absolute amount of 1) the combined reported profit of all operating segments that did not report a loss or 2) the combined reported loss of all operating segments that did report a loss c) its assets are 10 percent or more of the combined assets of all operating segments.</p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.3</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm45266146002784">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Revenue Recognition<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2024</div></th></tr>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerAbstract', window );"><strong>Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerTextBlock', window );">Revenue Recognition</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_804_eus-gaap--RevenueFromContractWithCustomerTextBlock_znb4KFUWswta" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Note
3&#8212;<span id="xdx_827_zPkwBjG2qOFb">Revenue Recognition</span></span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Contracts
with Customers</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company earns revenue from contracts with customers, primarily through the provision of retail telecommunications and payment offerings
as well as wholesale international voice and SMS termination. BOSS Money, NRS, and net2phone are technology-driven, synergistic businesses
that leverage the Company&#8217;s core assets. BOSS Money&#8217;s and NRS&#8217; revenues are primarily recognized at a point in time,
and net2phone&#8217;s revenue is mainly recognized over time. Traditional Communications&#8217; offerings are mostly minute-based, paid-voice communications
services, and revenue is primarily recognized at a point in time. The Company&#8217;s most significant revenue streams are from IDT Digital
Payments, BOSS Revolution, and IDT Global. IDT Digital Payments and BOSS Revolution are sold direct-to-consumers and
through distributors and retailers.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>




<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">IDT
Digital Payments</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">IDT
Digital Payments is sold direct-to-consumer and through distributors and retailers in the same manner as BOSS Revolution (see
below). The Company does not terminate the minutes in its IDT Digital Payments transactions. The Company&#8217;s performance obligation
is to recharge (top-up) the airtime balance of a mobile account on behalf of the Company&#8217;s customer. The Company has contracts
with various mobile operators or aggregators to provide the IDT Digital Payments service. The Company determined that it is the principal
in primarily all its IDT Digital Payments transactions as the Company controls the service to top-up a mobile account on behalf of the
Company&#8217;s customer. However, for the portion of its IDT Digital Payments business where the Company has no customer service responsibilities,
no inventory risk, and does not establish the price, the Company determined that, as the Company is not considered to control the arrangement,
it acts as an agent of the mobile operators. The Company records gross revenues based on the amount billed to the customer when it is
the principal in the arrangement and records revenue net of the associated costs incurred when it acts as an agent in the arrangement.
The transfer of control happens at the point in time that the airtime is recharged, which is when the Company has a right to payment
and the customer has accepted the service. Accordingly, the performance obligation is satisfied, and revenue is recognized when the recharge
of the mobile account occurs.</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">BOSS
Revolution direct-to-consumer</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">BOSS
Revolution direct-to-consumer is offered on a pay-as-you-go basis or in unlimited plans. The customer prepays for service in
both cases, which results in a contract liability (deferred revenue). The contract term for pay-as-you-go plans is minute-to-minute and
includes separate performance obligations for the series of material rights to renew the contract. The performance obligation is satisfied
immediately after it arises, and the amount of consideration is known when the obligation is satisfied. Since the Company&#8217;s satisfaction
of its performance obligation and the customer&#8217;s use of the service occur simultaneously, the Company recognizes revenue at the
point in time when minutes are utilized, since the customer obtained control and the Company has a present right to payment. For unlimited
plans, the Company has a stand-ready obligation to provide service over time for an agreed upon term. Unlimited plans include fixed consideration
over the term. Plan fees for unlimited plans are generally refundable at the request of the customer up to three days after payment if
there was no usage. Since the Company&#8217;s satisfaction of its performance obligation and the customer&#8217;s use of the service
occur over the term of the plan, the Company recognizes revenue over a period of time as the service is rendered. The Company uses an
output method as time elapses because it reflects the pattern by which the Company satisfies its performance obligation through the transfer
of service to the customer. The fixed upfront consideration is recognized evenly over the service period, which is generally 24 hours,
7 days, or one month.</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">BOSS
Revolution sold through distributors and retailers</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">BOSS
Revolution sold through distributors and retailers is the same service as BOSS Revolution sold direct-to-consumer. The
Company sells capacity to international calling minutes to retailers, or to distributors who resell to retailers. The retailer or distributor
is the Company&#8217;s customer in these transactions. The Company&#8217;s sales price to retailers and distributors, net of discounts,
is less than the end user rate for BOSS Revolution minutes. The customer or the Company may terminate their agreement at any
time upon thirty days written notice without penalty. Retailers may sell BOSS Revolution on a pay-as-you-go basis or in unlimited
plans. As described above, for pay-as-you-go, the Company recognizes revenue at the point in time when minutes are utilized, and for
unlimited plans, the Company recognizes revenue over a period of time as the service is rendered. Retailers and distributors also receive
initial commissions upon sale to end users, and renewal commissions when certain end users subsequently purchase minutes directly from
the Company. Initial and renewal commission payments are accounted for as a reduction of the transaction price over time as the end user
uses the service.</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">IDT
Global</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">IDT
Global services are offered to both postpaid and prepaid customers. Postpaid customers are billed in arrears and typically consist of
credit-worthy companies such as Tier 1 carriers and mobile network operators. Prepaid customers are typically smaller communications
companies and independent call aggregators. There is no performance obligation until the transport and termination of international long-distance
calls commences. The initial contract durations range from six months to one year, and generally have successive extensions. During the
initial term, the contract can only be terminated in certain instances (such as bankruptcy of either party, damage to the other party&#8217;s
network, fraud, or breach of contract). However, no penalties are applied if the agreement is terminated in the initial term. After the
initial term has expired, either party may terminate the agreement with notice of 30 days to 60 days depending on the agreement. The
term of the contract is essentially minute-to-minute as there is no penalty for an early termination and no obligation to send traffic.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Each
iteration is a separate optional purchase that occurs over the contract duration (that is, minute-by-minute). The satisfaction of the
performance obligation is occurring at a point in time (as the minutes are transferred) because the provision of the service and the
satisfaction of the performance obligation are essentially occurring simultaneously. Revenue is recognized at the point in time upon
delivery of the service.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>




<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company has not generally entered into contracts that have retroactive pricing features. Additionally, as the performance obligations
are considered minute-by-minute obligations in the original contract, any modification of the original contract that leads to a conclusion
that there is a new contract would not result in any adjustment related to the original contract&#8217;s consideration.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company provides discounts to its larger customers based on the expectation of a significant volume of minutes that are consistent with
that class of customer in the wholesale carrier market. The discounts do not provide a material right to the customer because the customer
receives the same pricing for all usage under the contract.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">IDT
Global&#8217;s contracts may include tiered pricing based on minute volumes. The Company determined that its retroactive tiered pricing
should be accounted for as variable consideration because the final transaction price is unknown until the customer completes or fails
to complete the specified threshold. Currently, contracts with retroactive tiered pricing are not material. The Company estimates the
amount of variable consideration to include in the transaction price only to the extent that it is probable that a subsequent change
in the estimate would not result in a significant revenue reversal.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company enters into Notification of Reciprocal Transmission (&#8220;NORT&#8221;) transactions, in which the Company commits to purchase
a specific number of wholesale carrier minutes to specific destinations at specified rates, and the counterparty commits to purchase
from the Company a specific number of minutes to specific destinations at specified rates. The number of minutes purchased and sold is
not necessarily the same. The rates in these reciprocal transactions are generally not at prevailing market rates, and the amounts paid
to the counterparty in excess of market rates are reflected as a reduction in revenue received from the customer. In addition, the Company
enters into transactions in which it swaps minutes with another carrier. The Company recognizes revenue and the related direct cost of
revenue for these reciprocal and swap transactions based on the fair value of the minutes.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">IDT
Global&#8217;s NORT contracts include the promise of minimum guaranteed amounts of traffic. The performance obligation represents a stand
ready obligation to provide the specified number of minutes over the contractual term. The initial terms of NORT contracts generally
range from one month to six months. Since the Company&#8217;s satisfaction of its performance obligation of routing calls to their destination
includes a minimum guaranteed amount of traffic, the Company recognizes revenue over a period of time as the service is rendered. The
customer simultaneously receives and consumes the benefits provided by the Company&#8217;s performance as the Company performs. The Company
uses an output method as the usage of minutes occur because it reflects the pattern by which the Company satisfies its performance obligation
through the transfer of service to the customer.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>National
Retail Solutions</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">NRS
earns revenue from (1) the sale of POS terminals to retailers, (2) a monthly recurring charge for its software license, software upgrades,
and help desk support (collectively, the &#8220;Software services&#8221;), (3) fees for advertising on the POS terminals, (4) sales of
the data collected by the POS terminals to data aggregators and others, and (5) merchant services&#8217; commissions for the processing
of credit and debit card transactions on the POS terminals.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">NRS
sells its POS terminals to retailers. The terminals include a cash register, a barcode scanner, retailer
and customer-facing hi-definition screens, a receipt printer, and a credit card reader. The arrangement with the customer includes the
equipment sale including embedded POS software, as well as the Software services. Each hardware component and the Software services is
a separate performance obligation because each is a distinct good or service that can be obtained from alternate providers. The transaction
price is allocated to each performance obligation based on the relative standalone selling price (&#8220;SSP&#8221;). The SSP reflects
the amount the Company would charge for each performance obligation if it were sold separately in a standalone sale to similar customers
in similar circumstances. The SSP for POS terminals is generally estimated using the cost plus expected gross margin approach. Equipment revenue is recognized
at the point in time when the customer has physical possession of the POS terminal, which is when the customer can use the POS terminal
and embedded software and has the risks and rewards of ownership. Revenue from the Software services is recognized ratably over the term
of the contract because satisfaction of the performance obligation and the customer&#8217;s use of the service occur evenly over the
term.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">NRS
sells advertising on the POS terminal&#8217;s high-definition screens through internal sales agents, third-party brokers, and real-time
auctions on exchange platforms known as programmatic advertising. For advertising sold through its agents or a broker, as well as for
a portion of its programmatic advertising, NRS is the principal because it is responsible for performing the service by delivering advertisements
according to the customer&#8217;s requirements. For the portion of its programmatic advertising where NRS does not control the ad space
before it is provided to the customer, NRS acts as an agent of the advertising exchange. NRS records gross revenues based on the amount
billed to the customer when it is the principal in the arrangement and records revenue net of the associated costs incurred when it acts
as an agent in the arrangement. The performance obligation is satisfied, and revenue is recognized during the period of time when the
advertisement is broadcast on the POS terminal.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center">&#160;</p>




<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">NRS
captures targeted, daily data from the POS terminals that it sells to customers. The performance obligation is the provision of a data
report, generally one report per POS terminal per week, where each report is a distinct good that is not interrelated with another report.
Customers purchase data reports generally for an annual fee per POS terminal. The consideration is variable because it depends on the
number of POS terminals selected. The performance obligation is satisfied, and revenue is recognized, at the point in time when the customer
receives a data report because the customer obtains control and has the benefit of the data. The amount recognized per report is the
same for each report since each report has the same standalone value to the customer.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">NRS&#8217;
merchant services, called NRS PAY, enable retailers to accept and process payments made by credit cards, debit cards, electronic benefits transfer, and other forms of electronic payment. NRS PAY revenue is
a monthly fee plus a percentage of the transaction amount plus a flat rate per transaction. There is no separate charge for the credit
card reader provided to the retailers, which remains NRS&#8217; property and must be returned upon termination of NRS PAY. Merchant services
are provided as an agent of the payment processor or funding bank, therefore NRS records revenue net of the associated costs incurred.
The performance obligation is satisfied, and revenue is recognized when the payment is processed.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
retailers&#8217; use of the credit card reader is a separate performance obligation that meets the definition of a lease. The lease consideration
is included in the NRS PAY monthly recurring charge. NRS accounts for the non-lease and lease components as a single performance obligation
in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification <i>Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) </i>(&#8220;ASC 606&#8221;)
because the timing and pattern of transfer of both components is the same, and the non-lease component is the predominant component.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>net2phone</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">net2phone
earns revenue primarily through the provision of cloud communications services for businesses. The services are priced on a per-seat basis,
and its subscription revenue is a monthly fee per seat. Revenue is primarily recognized over the monthly service period. Revenue from
the sale of telephone equipment is recognized at a point in time when the equipment is delivered to the customer.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">net2phone
leases telephone equipment to certain customers, which is a separate performance obligation that meets the definition of a lease. The
lease consideration is included in the monthly recurring charge. net2phone accounts for the non-lease and lease components as a single
performance obligation in accordance with ASC 606 because the timing and pattern of transfer of both components is the same, and the
non-lease component is the predominant component.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>BOSS
Money</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Revenues
from international money transfers are primarily from transaction fees charged to the customer based on the amount sent and the send
and receive locations. In addition, revenues are earned on the foreign currency exchange based on the difference between purchasing currency
at wholesale exchange rates and selling the currency at retail exchange rates. The Company satisfies its international money transfer
performance obligations and recognizes revenue at a point in time when the designated
recipient receives the funds, as the Company has a right to payment and the customer has use of the service. </span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Disaggregated
Revenues</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p id="xdx_89F_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfEntityWideInformationRevenueFromExternalCustomersByProductsAndServicesTextBlock_zNFwZjHcco0e" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
following table shows the Company&#8217;s revenues disaggregated by business segment and service offered to customers:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span id="xdx_8B3_zugOsZQtxgza" style="display: none">Schedule of Revenues Disaggregated by Business Segment and Service Offered to Customers</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">Year ended July 31<br/> (in thousands)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_49D_20230801__20240731_zAOORw7bicmf" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_496_20220801__20230731_zfsg47kQGqKa" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_493_20210801__20220731_zH05XIXgbwy1" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2022</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td></tr>
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    <td style="width: 52%; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">National Retail Solutions</td><td style="width: 2%; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 12%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">103,141</td><td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 2%; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 12%; text-align: right">77,115</td><td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 2%; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_hsrt--ProductOrServiceAxis__custom--BOSSRevolutionMoneyTransferMember__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--FintechMember_zVSHrBL4iYPd" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">BOSS Money</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">108,332</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">76,928</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">55,561</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_405_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_hsrt--ProductOrServiceAxis__custom--OtherMember__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--FintechMember_zZRR1821GcRk" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1pt">Other</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">9,682</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">9,032</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Total Fintech</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">120,721</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">86,610</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_hus-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--Net2phoneMember_zWUITBSV2WZj" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">net2phone</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">82,325</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr id="xdx_40B_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_hsrt--ProductOrServiceAxis__custom--IDTDigitalPaymentsMember__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--TraditionalCommunicationsMember_zw1ABTrSE9Vb" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">IDT Digital Payments</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">417,057</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_hsrt--ProductOrServiceAxis__custom--BOSSRevolutionMember__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--TraditionalCommunicationsMember_zbgFrDWL98B3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">BOSS Revolution </td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">263,215</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">322,134</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">387,937</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40B_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_hsrt--ProductOrServiceAxis__custom--IDTGlobalMember__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--TraditionalCommunicationsMember_zZIYBUEZCwl1" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">IDT Global</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">201,119</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">230,281</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">292,337</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_hsrt--ProductOrServiceAxis__custom--OtherMember__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--TraditionalCommunicationsMember_zL7cP0HIoCZd" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1pt">Other</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">33,269</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">36,491</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40B_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_hus-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--TraditionalCommunicationsMember_zIUjXBp6QUn7" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">899,591</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">1,002,741</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">1,189,980</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zuoizsEssO4" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">TOTAL</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">1,205,778</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">1,238,854</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">1,364,057</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_z0ab0oMIpsn7" style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Revenues</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">1,205,778</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">1,238,854</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">1,364,057</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
</table>

<p id="xdx_8AD_zGk8tevXT6d7" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>



<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p id="xdx_897_eus-gaap--RevenueFromExternalCustomersByGeographicAreasTableTextBlock_zjnpJcJx41N1" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
following table shows the Company&#8217;s revenues disaggregated by geographic region, which is determined based on selling location:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span id="xdx_8BC_z04CQfslNBah" style="display: none">Schedule of Revenues Disaggregated by Geographic Region</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left; font-size: 9pt">(in thousands)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right; font-size: 9pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-weight: bold">Year ended July 31, 2024</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="3">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="3">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="3">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="3">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr id="xdx_431_c20230801__20240731__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__country--US_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_ztigETYAJRGl" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">116,732</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">922,950</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">Outside the United States:</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_436_c20230801__20240731__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__country--GB_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_z2PgodpI8Qe1" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">United Kingdom</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1347">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1348">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1349">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">209,493</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">209,493</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_43F_c20230801__20240731__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__custom--OthersMember_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_z9sMKr5acKUc" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">Other</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1353">&#8212;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">3,989</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">37,708</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">31,638</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">73,335</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_43D_c20230801__20240731__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__us-gaap--NonUsMember_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zVKxKSCv6Sg4" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">Total outside the United States</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1359">&#8212;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">3,989</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">37,708</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">241,131</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">282,828</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_435_c20230801__20240731_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zAzcrj7NFmg4" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">TOTAL</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">120,721</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">82,325</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">1,205,778</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_43D_c20220801__20230731__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__country--US_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zHrjb9tevTN8" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">83,883</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_43C_c20220801__20230731__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__country--GB_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zDPDfQyUb1G8" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">United Kingdom</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1377">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1378">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1379">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">267,697</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">267,697</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_432_c20220801__20230731__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__custom--OthersMember_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zelNpUyJGNgi" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">Other</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">34,359</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">41,851</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">78,937</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_432_c20220801__20230731__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__us-gaap--NonUsMember_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zCKwQAeLn6Y3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr id="xdx_439_c20220801__20230731_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_z38UviCjvS33" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_432_c20210801__20220731__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__country--GB_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zUr6hJLzcGJe" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1407">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr id="xdx_436_c20210801__20220731__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__custom--OthersMember_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_z7Vemjtc5cf9" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">1,995</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">48,778</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">78,675</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_430_c20210801__20220731__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__us-gaap--NonUsMember_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zVJ4CND8eEC7" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">Total outside the United States</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">1,995</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">27,902</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">360,625</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">390,522</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_437_c20210801__20220731_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zuDZPUZBsqml" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">64,593</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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  </table>
<p id="xdx_8AC_zPZHcB71Kdz9" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Remaining
Performance Obligations</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p id="xdx_89C_eus-gaap--RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionTableTextBlock_zBvD8ViZ0NE2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
following table includes revenue by business segment expected to be recognized in the future from performance obligations that were unsatisfied
or partially unsatisfied as of July 31, 2024. The table excludes contracts that had an original expected duration of one year or less.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span id="xdx_8BA_zh2izD0Kmx53" style="display: none">Schedule of Estimated Revenue by Business Segment</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">(in thousands)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_49E_20240731__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--Net2phoneMember_zzBnDhkfj4lc" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">net2phone</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td>Year ending July 31:</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligation_iI_hus-gaap--RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis__2025-08-01_zzHim3RJM8J" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; width: 52%; text-align: left"><span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionPeriod1_iI_dxL_c20240731__us-gaap--RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis__2025-08-01_zEtpEIDzJ6C4" title="Remaining Performance Obligations, Years::XDX::P1Y"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1437">2025</span></span></td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 12%; text-align: right">39,537</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 12%; text-align: right">45,896</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_403_eus-gaap--RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligation_iI_hus-gaap--RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis__2026-08-01_znBWh6BkLlg4" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"><span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionPeriod1_iI_dxL_c20240731__us-gaap--RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis__2026-08-01_zx6E13lXACSc" title="Remaining Performance Obligations, Years::XDX::P1Y"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1443">2026</span></span></td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">5,263</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">18,983</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">24,246</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligation_iI_hus-gaap--RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis__2027-08-01_z5cbMoSRRjgj" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">4,828</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">6,627</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">11,455</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligation_iI_hus-gaap--RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis__2024-07-31_zuheD8doxfWg" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">16,450</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">65,147</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">81,597</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  </table>

<p id="xdx_8AB_zdCMBAQLO9j8" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>




<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Accounts
Receivable and Contract Balances</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
timing of revenue recognition may differ from the time of billing to the Company&#8217;s customers. Trade accounts receivable in the
Company&#8217;s consolidated balance sheets represent unconditional rights to consideration. The Company would record a contract asset
when revenue is recognized in advance of its right to bill and receive consideration. The Company has not currently identified any contract
assets.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Contract
liabilities arise when the Company receives consideration or bills its customers prior to providing the goods or services promised in
the contract. The Company&#8217;s contract liability balance is primarily payments received for prepaid BOSS Revolution. Contract
liabilities are recognized as revenue when services are provided to the customer. The contract liability balances are presented in the
Company&#8217;s consolidated balance sheets as &#8220;Deferred revenue&#8221;. The Company&#8217;s revenue recognized in fiscal 2024,
fiscal 2023, and fiscal 2022 from amounts included in the contract liability balance at the beginning of the period was $<span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--ContractWithCustomerLiabilityRevenueRecognized_pn5n6_c20230801__20240731_zHLKiTuQDIQ9" title="Contract liability">22.1</span> million,
$<span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--ContractWithCustomerLiabilityRevenueRecognized_pn5n6_c20220801__20230731_zlwuMC1AbQM8" title="Contract liability">23.5</span> million, and $<span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--ContractWithCustomerLiabilityRevenueRecognized_pn5n6_c20210801__20220731_zqhqWU7ct5Dl" title="Contract liability">28.2</span> million, respectively.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company estimates its expected breakage revenue by revenue stream recorded each month, based on inputs and assumptions about usage of
the deferred revenue balances. The Company used its historical deferred revenue usage data by revenue stream to calculate the percentage
of deferred revenue by month that will become breakage. The historical data indicated that customers utilized a very high percentage
of minutes purchased in the first three months. The Company periodically reviews its estimates based on updated data and adjusts the
monthly estimates accordingly.</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Deferred
Customer Contract Acquisition and Fulfillment Costs</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company recognizes as an asset its incremental costs of obtaining a contract with a customer that it expects to recover. The
Company&#8217;s incremental costs of obtaining a contract with a customer are sales commissions paid to employees and third parties
on sales to end users. If the amortization period were one year or less for the asset that would be recognized from deferring these costs,
the Company applies the practical expedient whereby the Company charges these costs to expense when incurred.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company&#8217;s costs to fulfill its contracts do not meet the criteria to be recognized as an asset, therefore these costs are charged
to expense as incurred.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p id="xdx_892_eus-gaap--CapitalizedContractCostTableTextBlock_zmuLxYdhylJ1" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company&#8217;s deferred customer contract acquisition costs were as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span id="xdx_8B7_z7JKZsKGlE9g" style="display: none">Schedule of Deferred Customer Contract Acquisition Costs</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
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    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_49E_20240731_z7ISSQpkMJ86" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_494_20230731_zKIQpEP9TUZg" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_403_eus-gaap--CapitalizedContractCostNetCurrent_iI_pn3n3_maCCCNzHg2_zglHkE0yYZOe" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 60%; text-align: left">Deferred customer contract acquisition costs included in &#8220;Other current assets&#8221;</td><td style="width: 2%; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 16%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">4,823</td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 16%; text-align: right">4,460</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--CapitalizedContractCostNetNoncurrent_iI_pn3n3_maCCCNzHg2_z0uzgtkmkeN6" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Deferred customer contract acquisition costs included in &#8220;Other assets&#8221;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">4,276</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">3,734</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_403_eus-gaap--CapitalizedContractCostNet_iTI_pn3n3_mtCCCNzHg2_zQPeA50OnI0h" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">TOTAL</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">9,099</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">8,194</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  </table>

<p id="xdx_8A0_z6QkyvUDnNGa" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
fiscal 2024, fiscal 2023, and fiscal 2022, the Company&#8217;s amortization of deferred customer contract acquisition costs was $<span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--CapitalizedContractCostAmortization_pn5n6_c20230801__20240731_zjWhDM4VkF34" title="Capitalized contract cost, amortization">5.8</span>
million, $<span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--CapitalizedContractCostAmortization_pn5n6_c20220801__20230731_zelShfJ82rV1" title="Capitalized contract cost, amortization">4.9</span> million, and $<span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--CapitalizedContractCostAmortization_pn5n6_c20210801__20220731_zqmQQSoUNyi9" title="Capitalized contract cost, amortization">4.4</span> million, respectively.</span></p>
<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.3</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm45266144473824">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Leases<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2024</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_DisclosureLeasesAbstract', window );"><strong>Leases</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeasesTextBlock', window );">Leases</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_803_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeasesTextBlock_z4jlPMKjcXsh" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Note
4&#8212;<span id="xdx_829_zN6LynBJVow9">Leases</span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company&#8217;s leases primarily consist of operating leases for office space. These leases have remaining terms from less than <span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseTermOfContract_iI_dc_c20240731__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MinimumMember_zPvD6Tnuxep1" title="Lessee, operating lease, term of contract">one year</span>
to <span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseTermOfContract_iI_dc_c20240731__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MaximumMember_z3MLdThGYuY3" title="Lessee, operating lease, term of contract">six years</span>. Certain of these leases include renewal options that may be exercised and/or options to terminate the lease. The Company
has concluded that it is not reasonably certain that it would exercise any of these options.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company leases office and parking space in a building and parking garage located at 520 Broad St, Newark, New Jersey that was previously
owned by Rafael Holdings, Inc. (&#8220;Rafael&#8221;), a related party. On August 22, 2022, Rafael sold the building
and parking garage to an unrelated third party. The Company&#8217;s lease in that property continues with the new owner. The Company
leases office space in Israel from Rafael. Howard S. Jonas, the Chairman of the Company and the Chairman of the Company&#8217;s Board
of Directors is also the Chairman of the Board of Directors and Executive Chairman of Rafael. <span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseDescription_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--GeographicDistributionAxis__custom--NewarkMember_zOwr0lzoT0a5" title="Lessee operating lease, description">The Newark lease expires in April 2025
and the Israel lease expires in July 2025</span>. In fiscal 2024, fiscal 2023, and fiscal 2022, the Company incurred lease costs in connection
with the Rafael leases of $<span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseCost_pn5n6_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--RafaelHoldingsIncMember_zQZs86Qqs6Vf" title="Incurred lease cost">0.1</span> million, $<span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseCost_pn5n6_c20220801__20230731__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--RafaelHoldingsIncMember_zp5Alp0kl1j6" title="Incurred lease cost">0.3</span> million (which excludes Newark lease costs after August 22, 2022), and $<span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseCost_pn5n6_c20210801__20220731__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--RafaelHoldingsIncMember_ze7PmWnUjsle" title="Incurred lease cost">2.0</span> million, respectively.
Lease costs incurred in connection with the Rafael leases are included in operating lease cost in the table below.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>




<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p id="xdx_89C_eus-gaap--LeaseCostTableTextBlock_zsYISjrUJHzf" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Supplemental
disclosures related to the Company&#8217;s operating leases were as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span id="xdx_8B2_zHpLEnnEi8sa" style="display: none">Schedule of Supplemental Disclosures Related to the Company's Operating Leases</span></p>

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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">Year ended July 31 <br/> (in thousands)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseCost_pn3n3_zNqU7SwHBQvh" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 52%; text-align: left">Operating lease cost</td><td style="width: 2%; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 12%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">2,557</td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 12%; text-align: right">3,175</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 12%; text-align: right">2,901</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Short-term lease cost</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">924</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">1,095</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">1,348</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--LeaseCost_pn3n3_zROH8j7tzwSb" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">TOTAL LEASE COST</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">3,481</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">4,270</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_405_eus-gaap--OperatingLeasePayments_pn3n3_zVqnH8yJpxWk" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify; padding-bottom: 1pt">Operating cash flows from operating leases</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">2,588</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">3,262</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2,857</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--OperatingLeasePayments_pn3n3_zmELZXkvld9l" style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify; padding-bottom: 1pt">Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities: Operating cash flows from operating leases</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">2,588</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">3,262</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2,857</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  </table>

<p id="xdx_8A5_zAxz871YnjWh" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p id="xdx_89B_ecustom--ScheduleOfSupplementalDisclosuresRelatedWeightedAverageOperatingLeasesTableTextBlock_zEOBXYC1s9Xl" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_8B1_zPYCt44yZdh9" style="display: none">Schedule of Supplemental Disclosures Related Weighted Average Operating Leases</span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">July 31</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Weighted-average remaining lease term-operating leases</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageRemainingLeaseTerm1_iI_dtY_c20240731_zrlKQFVSYgq2" title="Operating lease, weighted average remaining lease term">2.6</span> years</b></span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageRemainingLeaseTerm1_iI_dtY_c20230731_zTsCqGin9A5a" title="Operating lease, weighted average remaining lease term">2.3</span> years</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="width: 60%; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Weighted-average discount rate-operating leases</td><td style="width: 2%; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 16%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageDiscountRatePercent_iI_pid_dp_uPure_c20240731_zzdkgXQP5ys9" title="Operating lease, weighted average discount rate, percent">5.6</span></td><td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">%</td><td style="width: 2%; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 16%; text-align: right"><span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageDiscountRatePercent_iI_pid_dp_uPure_c20230731_zh0kg3Btcpui" title="Operating lease, weighted average discount rate, percent">3.7</span></td><td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">%</td></tr>
  </table>

<p id="xdx_8A9_z0YEqSbvzMpb" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
fiscal 2024, fiscal 2023, and fiscal 2022, the Company obtained right-of-use assets of $<span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--RightOfUseAssetObtainedInExchangeForOperatingLeaseLiability_pn5n6_c20230801__20240731_zBpU2i09AwW5" title="Right of use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities">0.9</span> million, $<span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--RightOfUseAssetObtainedInExchangeForOperatingLeaseLiability_pn5n6_c20220801__20230731_zjtlSpwORcYc" title="Right of use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities">1.8</span> million, and $<span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--RightOfUseAssetObtainedInExchangeForOperatingLeaseLiability_pn5n6_c20210801__20220731_zv694m0xjzPd" title="Right of use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities">2.2</span> million,
respectively, in exchange for new operating lease liabilities. In addition, in fiscal 2024, the Company modified its lease at 520 Broad
St, Newark, New Jersey and reduced the related right-of-use asset by $<span id="xdx_90C_ecustom--RightOfUseAssetReductionFromLeaseModification_iI_pn5n6_c20240731_zrWx1TvNgsPi" title="Right of use assets">0.8</span> million and the related operating lease liability by $<span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingLeaseLiability_pn5n6_c20230801__20240731_z515sUAzTD3j" title="Reduction in operating lease liability">0.9</span> million.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p id="xdx_891_ecustom--ScheduleOfOperatingLeaseLiabilityTableTextBlock_zHUKYacN2bK9" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company&#8217;s aggregate operating lease liability was as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span id="xdx_8B7_zr1v0aBwmhf" style="display: none">Schedule of Aggregate Operating Lease Liability</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">July 31 <br/> (in thousands)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_491_20240731_zRREVTepDxSk" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_496_20230731_znmhV8mwk3i6" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent_iI_pn3n3_maOLLzDbj_zkYBcHEGwge4" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 60%; text-align: left">Operating lease liabilities included in &#8220;<span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrentStatementOfFinancialPositionExtensibleList_iI_dxL_c20230731_zP7WbydcwYy8" title="::XDX::http%3A%2F%2Ffasb.org%2Fus-gaap%2F2024%23OtherLiabilitiesCurrent"><span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrentStatementOfFinancialPositionExtensibleList_iI_dxL_c20240731_zuTHYpqpX6Sd" title="::XDX::http%3A%2F%2Ffasb.org%2Fus-gaap%2F2024%23OtherLiabilitiesCurrent"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1540"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1541">Other current liabilities</span></span></span></span>&#8221;</td><td style="width: 2%; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 16%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">1,866</td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 16%; text-align: right">2,861</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent_iI_pn3n3_maOLLzDbj_zA9gw6OtuWXf" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Operating lease liabilities included in noncurrent liabilities</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">1,533</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2,881</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40C_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseLiability_iTI_pn3n3_mtOLLzDbj_zJsC8YEhoMhg" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">TOTAL</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">3,399</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">5,742</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  </table>

<p id="xdx_8A6_zBonc7MQ5taa" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p id="xdx_890_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityMaturityTableTextBlock_zGVwfFECj1ek" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Future
minimum maturities of operating lease liabilities were as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;<span id="xdx_8B4_zkYFeuLmOupc" style="display: none">Schedule of Future Minimum Maturities of Operating Lease Liabilities</span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">(in thousands)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_49F_20240731_zw2u7whHLB86" style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">Year ending July 31:</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_404_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueNextRollingTwelveMonths_iI_pn3n3_maLOLLPzXtU_zwAXmw6RZJqe" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; width: 78%; text-align: left">2025</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 18%; text-align: right">2,002</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearTwo_iI_pn3n3_maLOLLPzXtU_zKCfniT9hYR3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">2026</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">699</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearThree_iI_pn3n3_maLOLLPzXtU_zTUcxEsY3u92" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">2027</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">490</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearFour_iI_pn3n3_maLOLLPzXtU_zABO13U99R6e" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">2028</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">233</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_403_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearFive_iI_pn3n3_maLOLLPzXtU_ztOeVwepFDy1" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">2029</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">185</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_409_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueAfterRollingYearFive_iI_pn3n3_maLOLLPzXtU_zZydDXpgfOPj" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Thereafter</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">62</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue_iTI_pn3n3_mtLOLLPzXtU_z9gmXPll4na1" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Total lease payments</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">3,671</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_405_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityUndiscountedExcessAmount_iNI_pn3n3_di_z7d0UvSEkwt1" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Less imputed interest</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(272</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseLiability_iI_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Total operating lease liabilities</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">3,399</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  </table>

<p id="xdx_8A1_z9lkHxiLUEXf" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<span></span>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for operating leases of lessee. Includes, but is not limited to, description of operating lease and maturity analysis of operating lease liability.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/842-20/tableOfContent<br></p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.3</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm45266155767280">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2024</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAbstract', window );"><strong>Cash and Cash Equivalents [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsDisclosureTextBlock', window );">Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_808_eus-gaap--CashAndCashEquivalentsDisclosureTextBlock_zA58QpV4Id4h" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Note
5&#8212;<span id="xdx_82F_z6SKveipPm8l">Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents</span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p id="xdx_89A_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfCashAndCashEquivalentsTableTextBlock_zUogZGdTJZf5" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash and cash equivalents reported in the consolidated
balance sheets that equals the total of the same amounts reported in the consolidated statements of cash flows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span id="xdx_8B5_z09Bd8MI8TAl" style="display: none">Schedule of Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">July 31 <br/> (in thousands)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_493_20240731_zVhC94RRoAnk" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_49F_20230731_zf741tTuQqLg" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_iI_pn3n3_maCCERCzDIV_z2yttfNjItfd" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 60%; text-align: left">Cash and cash equivalents</td><td style="width: 2%; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 16%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">164,557</td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 16%; text-align: right">103,637</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_iI_pn3n3_maCCERCzDIV_z5vNHszU1RM8" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Restricted cash and cash equivalents</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">90,899</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">95,186</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_403_eus-gaap--CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents_iTI_pn3n3_mtCCERCzDIV_zrvdqX7ohgEc" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">TOTAL CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS, AND RESTRICTED CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">255,456</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">198,823</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  </table>

<p id="xdx_8A0_zGZdnCPgB7Kb" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>




<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">At
July 31, 2024 and 2023, restricted cash and cash equivalents included $<span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_iI_pn5n6_c20240731__srt--ProductOrServiceAxis__custom--IDTFinancialServicesLimitedMember_z2aQMRVx7Be3" title="Restricted cash and cash equivalents, current">83.3</span> million and $<span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_iI_pn5n6_c20230731__srt--ProductOrServiceAxis__custom--IDTFinancialServicesLimitedMember_zd0HX8FNM293" title="Restricted cash and cash equivalents, current">87.3</span> million, respectively, in restricted cash
and cash equivalents for customer deposits held by IDT Financial Services. Certain of the electronic money financial services regulations
in Gibraltar require IDT Financial Services to safeguard cash held for customer deposits, segregate cash held for customer deposits from
any other cash that IDT Financial Services holds and utilize the cash only for the intended payment transaction.</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Company
Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company treats unrestricted cash and cash equivalents held by IDT Payment Services, Inc. and IDT Payment Services of New York, LLC, which
provide the Company&#8217;s international money transfer services in the United States, as substantially restricted and unavailable for
other purposes. At July 31, 2024 and 2023, &#8220;Cash and cash equivalents&#8221; in the Company&#8217;s consolidated balance sheets
included an aggregate of $<span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_iI_pn5n6_c20240731__srt--ProductOrServiceAxis__custom--IDTPaymentServicesMember_zJdvIUlzxnNk" title="Cash and cash equivalents, at carrying value">55.9</span> million and $<span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_iI_pn5n6_c20230731__srt--ProductOrServiceAxis__custom--IDTPaymentServicesMember_zFxMUCj5NG69" title="Cash and cash equivalents, at carrying value">20.6</span> million, respectively, held by IDT Payment Services, Inc. and IDT Payment Services of
New York, LLC, that was unavailable for other purposes.</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<span></span>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for cash and cash equivalent footnotes, which may include the types of deposits and money market instruments, applicable carrying amounts, restricted amounts and compensating balance arrangements. Cash and equivalents include: (1) currency on hand (2) demand deposits with banks or financial institutions (3) other kinds of accounts that have the general characteristics of demand deposits (4) short-term, highly liquid investments that are both readily convertible to known amounts of cash and so near their maturity that they present insignificant risk of changes in value because of changes in interest rates. Generally, only investments maturing within three months from the date of acquisition qualify.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(1))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(2))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478777/944-210-S99-1<br></p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.3</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm45266149898704">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Acquisitions<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2024</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BusinessCombinationAndAssetAcquisitionAbstract', window );"><strong>Business Combination, Asset Acquisition, and Joint Venture Formation [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BusinessCombinationDisclosureTextBlock', window );">Acquisitions</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_802_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationDisclosureTextBlock_z9hiNF3zkFcf" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Note
6&#8212;<span id="xdx_82B_zGt2Symknjr5">Acquisitions</span></span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Integra
CCS</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On
March 3, 2022, net2phone 2.0 purchased all of the outstanding shares of Onwaba S.R.L. and Gem S.R.L. for an aggregate purchase price
of up to $<span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferred1_pn5n6_c20220302__20220303__us-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionAxis__custom--IntegraCCSMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--NetTwophoneTwoZeroIncMember_zayT8XhcNkha" title="Business combination, consideration transferred">15.0</span> million. Onwaba S.R.L. and Gem S.R.L. are located in Uruguay and use the trade name Integra CCS. The operating results
of the acquired companies from the date of acquisition, which were not significant, are included in the Company&#8217;s consolidated
financial statements.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
purchase price consisted of: (a) cash of $<span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--PaymentsToAcquireBusinessesGross_pn5n6_c20220302__20220303__us-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionAxis__custom--IntegraCCSMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--NetTwophoneTwoZeroIncMember_zJWpqtnSQsB1" title="Payments to acquire businesses, gross">7.2</span> million that was paid at closing, (b) <span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesAcquisitions_pid_c20220302__20220303__us-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionAxis__custom--IntegraCCSMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--NetTwophoneTwoZeroIncMember__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_zL5OU6HOkWC4" title="Stock issued during period, shares, acquisitions">27,765</span> shares of the Company&#8217;s Class B common
stock with a value of $<span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueAcquisitions_pn5n6_c20220302__20220303__us-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionAxis__custom--IntegraCCSMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--NetTwophoneTwoZeroIncMember__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_zFR0ku5kUUJk" title="Stock issued during period, value, acquisitions">1.0</span> million that were issued at closing, (c) cash of $<span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferredLiabilitiesIncurred_pn5n6_c20220302__20220303__us-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionAxis__custom--IntegraCCSMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--NetTwophoneTwoZeroIncMember_zjAEnAPIohrj" title="Business combination, consideration transferred, liabilities incurred">3.3</span> million, half of which was paid in fiscal 2023 and the
remainder was paid in fiscal 2024, and (d) <span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsDescription_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionAxis__custom--IntegraCCSMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--NetTwophoneTwoZeroIncMember_zC5b2qS03wFg" title="Contingent consideration, description">contingent consideration of up to $<span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsRangeOfOutcomesValueHigh_iI_pn5n6_c20220303__us-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionAxis__custom--IntegraCCSMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--NetTwophoneTwoZeroIncMember_zFcCf7Zs30jc" title="Payment on contingent consideration">3.5</span> million based on annual cumulative incremental recurring
seat revenue of the net2phone segment over a four-year period, payable in cash and/or equity at net2phone 2.0&#8217;s discretion</span>.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p id="xdx_890_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfBusinessAcquisitionsByAcquisitionContingentConsiderationTextBlock_zFhgQ9BjbdQj" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
acquisition date fair value of the consideration consisted of the following:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span id="xdx_8B3_z4ZgqhYRKmW4" style="display: none">Schedule of Acquisition Date Fair Value of Consideration</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: auto; border-collapse: collapse; width: 80%; margin-right: auto">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">(in thousands)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_49B_20220302__20220303__us-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionAxis__custom--IntegraCCSMember_zHiIUyIqRcVf">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_404_eus-gaap--PaymentsToAcquireBusinessesGross_pn3n3_zqV4F4zROTw7" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 78%; text-align: left">Cash paid</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 18%; text-align: right">7,200</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--CashAcquiredFromAcquisition_iN_pn3n3_di_zB9hF8wjk1p2" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Cash acquired</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(81</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_403_eus-gaap--PaymentsToAcquireBusinessesNetOfCashAcquired_pn3n3_zN5QJ7j0FOCi" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">Cash paid, net of cash acquired</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">7,119</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_406_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueAcquisitions_pn3n3_zFiPGGUFo3Xe" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Shares of the Company&#8217;s Class B common stock</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">1,000</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferredLiabilitiesIncurred_pn3n3_zCPs2tsw6G2i" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">Future payments subject to holdback</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">3,158</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Contingent consideration</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent_iI_pn3n3_c20220303__us-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionAxis__custom--IntegraCCSMember_zyhL9osDnRD2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Contingent consideration">1,361</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_409_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferred1_pn3n3_zfsFaQy1WDK" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Total fair value of consideration, net of cash acquired</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">12,638</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  </table>

<p id="xdx_8A3_z7qXI1546zLg" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
acquisition-date fair value of the contingent consideration was estimated using discounted cash flow models. This fair value measurement
was based on significant inputs not observable in the market and therefore represented a Level 3 measurement. There was no change in
the estimated fair value of the contingent consideration in the period from the acquisition date to July 31, 2023. In fiscal 2024, the
Company paid an aggregate of $<span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability1_pn5n6_c20230801__20240731_zWfZl7AW11Oi" title="Contingent consideration.">0.5</span> million of the contingent consideration.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p id="xdx_89B_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfBusinessAcquisitionsByAcquisitionTextBlock_hus-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionAxis__custom--IntegraCCSMember_zFeb5eqmOol4" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
impact of the acquisition&#8217;s purchase price allocations on the Company&#8217;s consolidated balance sheet was as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span id="xdx_8B6_zICN0v9UKU61" style="display: none">Schedule of Impact of Acquisition's Purchase Price Allocations on Consolidated Balance Sheet</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: auto; border-collapse: collapse; width: 80%; margin-right: auto">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">(in thousands)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_496_20230303__us-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionAxis__custom--IntegraCCSMember_zlP4CJMN9GLl">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCurrentAssetsReceivables_iI_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 78%; text-align: left">Trade accounts receivable</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 18%; text-align: right">332</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_404_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCurrentAssetsPrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssets_iI_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Prepaid expenses</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">4</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCurrentAssetsOther_iI_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">Other current assets</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">21</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40C_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCurrentAssets_iI_pn3n3_zJAg4KRWUCWc" style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Current assets</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedPropertyPlantAndEquipment_iI_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Property, plant, and equipment (mainly acquired technology)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">777</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_404_eus-gaap--Goodwill_iI_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td>Goodwill</td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr id="xdx_407_ecustom--BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCustomerRelationships_iI_pn3n3_zLncY2Eq1tKj" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Customer relationships (<span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNjaGVkdWxlIG9mIEltcGFjdCBvZiBBY3F1aXNpdGlvbidzIFB1cmNoYXNlIFByaWNlIEFsbG9jYXRpb25zIG9uIENvbnNvbGlkYXRlZCBCYWxhbmNlIFNoZWV0IChEZXRhaWxzKSAoUGFyZW50aGV0aWNhbCkA" id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetUsefulLife_iI_dtY_c20220303__us-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionAxis__custom--IntegraCCSMember__us-gaap--FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis__us-gaap--CustomerRelationshipsMember_z6vtuZJYgLgh" title="Useful lives, years">7</span>-year useful lives) </td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">2,230</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedIntangibles_iI_pn3n3_zq0gDZWa79Y9" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">Tradename (<span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNjaGVkdWxlIG9mIEltcGFjdCBvZiBBY3F1aXNpdGlvbidzIFB1cmNoYXNlIFByaWNlIEFsbG9jYXRpb25zIG9uIENvbnNvbGlkYXRlZCBCYWxhbmNlIFNoZWV0IChEZXRhaWxzKSAoUGFyZW50aGV0aWNhbCkA" id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetUsefulLife_iI_dtY_c20220303__us-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionAxis__custom--IntegraCCSMember__us-gaap--FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis__us-gaap--TradeNamesMember_zqArZHcNfkge" title="Useful lives, years">5</span>-year useful life)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">400</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40F_ecustom--BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedNonCompleteAgreements_iI_pn3n3_z6ieKln4bZla" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Non-compete agreements (<span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNjaGVkdWxlIG9mIEltcGFjdCBvZiBBY3F1aXNpdGlvbidzIFB1cmNoYXNlIFByaWNlIEFsbG9jYXRpb25zIG9uIENvbnNvbGlkYXRlZCBCYWxhbmNlIFNoZWV0IChEZXRhaWxzKSAoUGFyZW50aGV0aWNhbCkA" id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetUsefulLife_iI_dtY_c20220303__us-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionAxis__custom--IntegraCCSMember__us-gaap--FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis__us-gaap--NoncompeteAgreementsMember_zpphyM6vnfH2" title="Useful lives, years">6</span>-year useful lives)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">660</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_406_ecustom--BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedOperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset_iI_pn3n3_zTydZqjmc0if" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">Operating lease right-of-use asset</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">732</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_406_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedOtherNoncurrentAssets_iI_pn3n3_zVxJc6c1MUV9" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Other assets</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">24</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_403_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedDeferredTaxAssets_iI_pn3n3_zJw7dWNxZnYi" style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Deferred income tax assets</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCurrentLiabilitiesAccountsPayable_iNI_pn3n3_di_zRzxu7rR6Iac" style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Trade accounts payable</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40B_ecustom--BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedLiabilitiesOther_iNI_pn3n3_di_zS7AmnUp78S5" style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Other current liabilities</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40D_ecustom--BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCurrentLiabilitiesAccruedLiabilities_iNI_pn3n3_di_z7Ai6V4h0A1f" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">Accrued expenses</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(243</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40A_ecustom--BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedOperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_zHuhMoDCqUC8" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Operating lease liability current portion</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(176</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_406_ecustom--BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedOperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_za0oom91pr1a" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Operating lease liability noncurrent portion</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(556</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredGoodwillAndLiabilitiesAssumedNet_iI_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Net assets acquired excluding cash</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">12,638</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  </table>

<p id="xdx_8A3_zDZ6RsQVdpib" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>




<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
goodwill was assigned to the net2phone segment and was attributable primarily to the assembled workforce and the expected synergies from
the business combination. The goodwill is not expected to be deductible for income tax purposes.</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Leaf
Global Fintech Corporation</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On
March 1, 2022, the Company&#8217;s subsidiary, IDT International Telecom, Inc. (&#8220;IDTIT&#8221;), purchased all of the outstanding
shares of Leaf Global Fintech Corporation (&#8220;Leaf&#8221;), a provider of digital wallet services in emerging markets, for up to
$<span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferred1_pn4n6_c20220227__20220301__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--IDTInternationalTelecomIncMember__us-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionAxis__custom--LeafGlobalFintechCorporationMember_z49O8CNL77O3" title="Business Combination, Consideration Transferred">6.05</span> million. Leaf&#8217;s operating results from the date of acquisition, which were not significant, are included in the Company&#8217;s
consolidated financial statements.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
purchase price was comprised of (a) $<span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--PaymentsToAcquireBusinessesGross_c20220227__20220301__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--IDTInternationalTelecomIncMember__us-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionAxis__custom--LeafGlobalFintechCorporationMember_pn5n6" title="Payments to Acquire Businesses, Gross">0.5</span> million paid in cash at the closing, (b) a working capital adjustment for a maximum of $<span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferredLiabilitiesIncurred_pp0p0_c20220227__20220301__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--IDTInternationalTelecomIncMember__us-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionAxis__custom--LeafGlobalFintechCorporationMember_zx5CvI777ODk" title="Business Combination, Consideration Transferred, Liabilities Incurred">50,000</span>,
and (c) <span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsDescription_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionAxis__custom--LeafGlobalFintechCorporationMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--IDTInternationalTelecomIncMember_zyu0cm2UaIi5" title="Contingent consideration, description">contingent consideration of up to $<span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsRangeOfOutcomesValueHigh_c20220301__us-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionAxis__custom--LeafGlobalFintechCorporationMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--IDTInternationalTelecomIncMember_pn5n6" title="Payment on contingent consideration">5.5</span> million based on annual gross profit over a five-year period</span>.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p id="xdx_891_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfBusinessAcquisitionsByAcquisitionContingentConsiderationTextBlock_hus-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionAxis__custom--LeafGlobalFintechCorporationMember_zBw3Z3cFGVS" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
acquisition date fair value of the consideration consisted of the following:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span id="xdx_8B9_zV3a3UrlTC8k" style="display: none">Schedule of Acquisition Date Fair Value of Consideration</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: auto; border-collapse: collapse; width: 80%; margin-right: auto">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">(in thousands)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_490_20220227__20220301__us-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionAxis__custom--LeafGlobalFintechCorporationMember_z1Bt2R9eG7l2">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--PaymentsToAcquireBusinessesGross_pn3n3_zUTexbxAx602" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 78%; text-align: left">Cash paid</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 18%; text-align: right">500</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_409_eus-gaap--CashAcquiredFromAcquisition_iN_pn3n3_di_zmxSD1PTMmf4" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Cash acquired</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(167</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--PaymentsToAcquireBusinessesNetOfCashAcquired_pn3n3_zYjtUxKhhVqk" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">Cash paid, net of cash acquired</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">333</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Contingent consideration</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent_iI_pn3n3_c20220301__us-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionAxis__custom--LeafGlobalFintechCorporationMember_zHPPxw6UfGUf" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Contingent consideration">3,330</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40A_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferred1_pn3n3_zlk1fYMTEGI6" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Total fair value of consideration, net of cash acquired</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">3,663</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  </table>

<p id="xdx_8A1_zi5TeP2e12W2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
acquisition-date fair value of the contingent consideration was estimated using discounted cash flow models. This fair value
measurement was based on significant inputs not observable in the market and therefore represented a Level 3 measurement. There was
no change in the estimated fair value of the contingent consideration in the period from the acquisition date to July 31, 2022. In
fiscal 2024 and fiscal 2023, the Company determined that the requirements for the contingent consideration payments would likely not
be met. The Company recorded gains of $<span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability1_pn5n6_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionAxis__custom--LeafGlobalFintechCorporationMember_zqJorq7WKBC" title="Write-off of contingent consideration">1.8</span>
million and $<span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability1_pn5n6_c20220801__20230731__us-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionAxis__custom--LeafGlobalFintechCorporationMember_z8MBuR3fmca7" title="Write-off of contingent consideration">1.6</span>
million in fiscal 2024 and fiscal 2023, respectively, on the write-off of the contingent consideration payment obligations, which
was included in &#8220;Other operating expense, net&#8221; in the accompanying consolidated statements of income.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p id="xdx_89F_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfBusinessAcquisitionsByAcquisitionTextBlock_hus-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionAxis__custom--LeafGlobalFintechCorporationMember_z2bQKAOvFAI3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
impact of the acquisition&#8217;s purchase price allocations on the Company&#8217;s consolidated balance sheet was as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span id="xdx_8B4_z8QRjpA4WJM2" style="display: none">Schedule of Impact of Acquisition's Purchase Price Allocations on Consolidated Balance Sheet</span></p>

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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">(in thousands)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="width: 78%; text-align: left">Current assets</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">Property, plant, and equipment (mainly acquired technology)</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Tradename (<span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNjaGVkdWxlIG9mIEltcGFjdCBvZiBBY3F1aXNpdGlvbidzIFB1cmNoYXNlIFByaWNlIEFsbG9jYXRpb25zIG9uIENvbnNvbGlkYXRlZCBCYWxhbmNlIFNoZWV0IChEZXRhaWxzKSAoUGFyZW50aGV0aWNhbCkA" id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetUsefulLife_iI_dtY_c20220301__us-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionAxis__custom--LeafGlobalFintechCorporationMember__us-gaap--FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis__us-gaap--TradeNamesMember_ziehClwWSkn3" title="Finite-Lived Intangible Asset, Useful Life">5</span>-year useful life)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">131</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_404_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredGoodwillAndLiabilitiesAssumedNet_iI_pn3n3_zRdEg8sRtrwl" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Net assets acquired excluding cash</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">3,663</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  </table>

<p id="xdx_8AF_zTQzQMoreSv1" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
goodwill was assigned to the Fintech segment and was attributable primarily to the assembled workforce and the expected synergies from
the business combination. The goodwill is not expected to be deductible for income tax purposes.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center">&#160;</p>




<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
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<tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for a business combination (or series of individually immaterial business combinations) completed during the period, including background, timing, and recognized assets and liabilities. The disclosure may include leverage buyout transactions (as applicable).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 805<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479907/805-20-50-5<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 805<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/805/tableOfContent<br></p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.3</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm45266149501104">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Debt Securities<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2024</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InvestmentsInDebtAndMarketableEquitySecuritiesAndCertainTradingAssetsDisclosureTextBlock', window );">Debt Securities</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_803_eus-gaap--InvestmentsInDebtAndMarketableEquitySecuritiesAndCertainTradingAssetsDisclosureTextBlock_zBE3gsij2fpi" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Note
7&#8212;<span id="xdx_822_zINDud2nMR99">Debt Securities</span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p id="xdx_897_eus-gaap--MarketableSecuritiesTextBlock_zmHcpZjx33il" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span id="xdx_8B6_zB9UuvV4DU2k" style="display: none">Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">(in thousands)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td>July 31, 2024</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">TOTAL</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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    <td>July 31, 2023</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 20pt">Certificates of deposit<span id="xdx_F4E_zBMPMQYXYAJa">*</span></td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CertificatesOfDepositMember_fKg_____zb42th3Uz8P1" style="text-align: right">4,080</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CertificatesOfDepositMember_fKg_____z0vv37DNwjO4" style="text-align: right">4,076</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 20pt; text-align: left">U.S. Treasury bills and notes</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_zNEdohP38pz6" style="text-align: right">31,186</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_zn5I1DBAkR6g" style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1736">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_zOeilLP9Enc4" style="text-align: right">(148</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_zBVeKEoGrW17" style="text-align: right">31,038</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 20pt; text-align: left">Corporate bonds</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_zP0zA5FDmODh" style="text-align: right">3,881</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_z0QSz85sY4pg" style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1740">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_zYbiLOv9F01k" style="text-align: right">(8</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_ziVBdEXJEOHi" style="text-align: right">3,873</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 20pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Municipal bonds</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--MunicipalBondsMember_zPZq0xz2QcMa" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">3,912</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--MunicipalBondsMember_zVBl8JSqzcH8" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1744">&#8212;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--MunicipalBondsMember_zR9fBJ9cdlx8" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(485</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--MunicipalBondsMember_z3Eq2XmRskg" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">3,427</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">TOTAL</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis_iI_pn3n3_c20230731_zskv6muJMWce" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">43,059</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax_iI_pn3n3_c20230731_zU5CIvy023g9" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1748">&#8212;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230731_zTo4o8dIysVk" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(645</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20230731_zIXmGdmaH7vb" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">42,414</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  </table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.2in"><span id="xdx_F03_zZfmGC9lTl08" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">*</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span id="xdx_F1C_zya9ZmGPUxwk" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Each
                                            of the certificates of deposit held by the Company has a CUSIP, was purchased in the secondary
                                            market through a broker and may be sold in the secondary market.</span></td></tr></table>

<p id="xdx_8A2_z29s6GUt8jB4" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
gross unrealized losses in the table above are recorded in &#8220;Accumulated other comprehensive loss&#8221; in the consolidated balance
sheets. As of July 31, 2024, the Company determined that the unrealized losses were due to changes in interest rates or market liquidity
and were not due to credit losses. In addition, as of July 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company did not intend to sell any of the securities
with unrealized losses, and it is not more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell any of these securities before recovery
of the unrealized losses, which may be at maturity.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Proceeds
from maturities and sales of debt securities and redemptions of equity investments were $<span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--ProceedsFromSaleAndMaturityOfAvailableForSaleSecurities_pn5n6_c20230801__20240731_zOVYY8RdMaS9" title="Proceeds from sale and maturity of debt securities, available-for-sale">50.1</span> million, $<span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--ProceedsFromSaleAndMaturityOfAvailableForSaleSecurities_pn5n6_c20220801__20230731_zNPHCJ7MxnMg" title="Proceeds from sale and maturity of debt securities, available-for-sale">49.2</span> million, and $<span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--ProceedsFromSaleAndMaturityOfAvailableForSaleSecurities_pn5n6_c20210801__20220731_z61XLzphyf4a" title="Proceeds from sale and maturity of debt securities, available-for-sale">21.2</span> million
in fiscal 2024, fiscal 2023, and fiscal 2022, respectively. There were no realized gains or realized losses from sales of debt securities
in fiscal 2024, fiscal 2023, or fiscal 2022.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p id="xdx_89E_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleTableTextBlock_zBJUj6ce2VLj" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
contractual maturities of the Company&#8217;s available-for-sale debt securities at July 31, 2024 were as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span id="xdx_8BD_zSUJC6Skb91l" style="display: none">Schedule of Contractual Maturities of Available-for-sale Debt Securities</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">(in thousands)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_49C_20240731_zQX4dyqW2Bj" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">Fair Value</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesWithinOneYearFairValue_iI_pn3n3_maAFSSDz3sI_zsfgrHnSmgE9" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 78%; text-align: left">Within one year</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 18%; text-align: right">16,808</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_409_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesAfterOneThroughFiveYearsFairValue_iI_pn3n3_maAFSSDz3sI_zDW1RSZbBBwl" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">After one year through five years</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">5,456</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesAfterFiveThroughTenYearsFairValue_iI_pn3n3_maAFSSDz3sI_z8oMBKcPrpmh" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">After five years through ten years</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">1,137</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_405_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesAfterTenYearsFairValue_iI_pn3n3_maAFSSDz3sI_zLyz0dQVIHI2" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">After ten years</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">37</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iTI_pn3n3_mtAFSSDz3sI_zuyf7S90yw9a" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">TOTAL</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">23,438</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  </table>

<p id="xdx_8A6_zTOVUuFu3QGf" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p id="xdx_89C_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionFairValueTableTextBlock_zquLXm1YDtK3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
following table includes the fair value of the Company&#8217;s available-for-sale debt securities that were in an unrealized loss position:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;<span id="xdx_8B1_zpSMXjUIhUwf" style="display: none">Schedule
of Available-for-sale Securities, Unrealized Loss Position</span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">(in thousands)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">Unrealized <br/> Losses</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">Fair <br/>Value</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td>July 31, 2024</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; width: 60%; text-align: left">U.S. Treasury bills and notes</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_z13EDtoMAW7d" style="width: 16%; text-align: right">66</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_z6VWKuFhER3l" style="width: 16%; text-align: right">12,936</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">Government sponsored enterprise notes</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__custom--GovernmentSponsoredEnterpriseNotesMember_zhftDgCheP65" style="text-align: right">3</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__custom--GovernmentSponsoredEnterpriseNotesMember_zspAvjiAFj52" style="text-align: right">2,634</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Corporate bonds</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_zFsBYS1RLLzj" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">322</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_znPB2BbDEdS9" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">3,310</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">TOTAL</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20240731_zpwMKLP27GPd" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">391</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition_iI_pn3n3_c20240731_zxPA5lzRzEli" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">18,880</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td>July 31, 2023</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt">Certificates of deposit</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CertificatesOfDepositMember_zOpseH94y2dg" style="text-align: right">4</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CertificatesOfDepositMember_ziC5gk73L9Y5" style="text-align: right">3,356</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">U.S. Treasury bills and notes</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">Corporate bonds</td><td>&#160;</td>
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<p id="xdx_8AB_zKYCpPj0LLme" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>




<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p id="xdx_894_ecustom--ScheduleOfUnrealizedLossOnInvestmentTableTextBlock_znTx3yJR0uB2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
following available-for-sale debt securities included in the table above were in a continuous unrealized loss position for 12 months
or longer:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span id="xdx_8B6_zet8MOZhiEHk" style="display: none">Schedule of Continuous Unrealized Loss Position for 12 Months or Longer</span></p>

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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">(in thousands)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">Fair <br/>Value</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td></tr>
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    <td>July 31, 2024</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_z0eYqkBecVmb" style="width: 16%; text-align: right">60</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLonger_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_zt1wUtMYlLBj" style="width: 16%; text-align: right">4,827</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_zquebfVqn2L4" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">307</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20240731_zhsTJCADfPXd" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">367</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLonger_iI_pn3n3_c20240731_z8PNH6KgmYd2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">8,036</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">U.S. Treasury bills and notes</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_zccsyzaH4gzg" style="text-align: right">86</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLonger_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_zI4o3ga4n1p6" style="text-align: right">816</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_zBbknBVWPrN7" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">484</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">TOTAL</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20230731_zsTCkOZYazy6" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">570</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLonger_iI_pn3n3_c20230731_zDSYoDvwD965" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">4,115</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.3</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm45266149898704">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Equity Investments<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2024</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAbstract', window );"><strong>Cash and Cash Equivalents [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InvestmentsInDebtAndEquityInstrumentsCashAndCashEquivalentsUnrealizedAndRealizedGainsLossesTextBlock', window );">Equity Investments</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_805_eus-gaap--InvestmentsInDebtAndEquityInstrumentsCashAndCashEquivalentsUnrealizedAndRealizedGainsLossesTextBlock_z4EzJplJ1414" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Note
8&#8212;<span id="xdx_821_z41Y2R6uOx1c">Equity Investments</span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p id="xdx_89D_ecustom--ScheduleOfEquityInvestmentsTableTextBlock_zUfeCYXXOYwd" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Equity
investments consist of the following:</span></p>

<p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;<span id="xdx_8BC_zFCvrXhoBU7l" style="display: none">Schedule of Equity Investments</span></span></span></span></p>

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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">July 31<br/> (in thousands)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="width: 60%; text-align: left">Zedge, Inc. Class B common stock, <span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNjaGVkdWxlIG9mIEVxdWl0eSBJbnZlc3RtZW50cyAoRGV0YWlscykgKFBhcmVudGhldGljYWwpAA__" id="xdx_90E_ecustom--NumberOfRelatedPartySharesReceived_pid_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--ZedgeIncMember_z5c2YgNJTfJ3" title="Number of related party shares received"><span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNjaGVkdWxlIG9mIEVxdWl0eSBJbnZlc3RtZW50cyAoRGV0YWlscykgKFBhcmVudGhldGljYWwpAA__" id="xdx_908_ecustom--NumberOfRelatedPartySharesReceived_pid_c20220801__20230731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--ZedgeIncMember_zo9WmcPxTKle" title="Number of related party shares received">42,282</span></span> shares at July 31, 2024 and 2023</td><td style="width: 2%; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 16%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">153</td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 16%; text-align: right">89</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_409_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNi_iI_pn3n3_hus-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--RafaelHoldingsIncMember_z49qsVqnJmff" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Rafael Holdings, Inc. Class B common stock, <span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNjaGVkdWxlIG9mIEVxdWl0eSBJbnZlc3RtZW50cyAoRGV0YWlscykgKFBhcmVudGhldGljYWwpAA__" id="xdx_90C_ecustom--NumberOfRelatedPartySharesReceived_pid_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--RafaelHoldingsIncMember_zH73DDR9ailj" title="Number of related party shares received"><span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNjaGVkdWxlIG9mIEVxdWl0eSBJbnZlc3RtZW50cyAoRGV0YWlscykgKFBhcmVudGhldGljYWwpAA__" id="xdx_907_ecustom--NumberOfRelatedPartySharesReceived_pid_c20220801__20230731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--RafaelHoldingsIncMember_z1ZcWiCq6Ezj" title="Number of related party shares received">278,810</span></span> shares at July 31, 2024 and 2023</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">416</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNi_iI_pn3n3_hus-gaap--InvestmentTypeAxis__custom--OtherMarketableEquitySecuritiesMember_z7C9Mh0sd8pl" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">Other marketable equity securities</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">1,497</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNi_iI_pn3n3_hus-gaap--InvestmentTypeAxis__us-gaap--MutualFundMember_zVmBd8UXKAW" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Fixed income mutual funds</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">4,370</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">4,054</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_406_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNi_iI_pn3n3_zZG00EuNPxsj" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Current equity investments</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">5,009</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">6,198</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--LongTermInvestments_iI_pn3n3_hus-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--SeriesCConvertiblePreferredStockMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--VisaIncMember_z6ZG3SeaC2xb" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">Visa Inc. Series C Convertible Participating Preferred Stock (&#8220;Visa Series C Preferred&#8221;)</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">695</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">1,263</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_404_eus-gaap--LongTermInvestments_iI_pn3n3_hus-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--SeriesAConvertiblePreferredStockMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--VisaIncMember_zbzEthp8MQVg" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Visa Inc. Series A Convertible Participating Preferred Stock (&#8220;Visa Series A Preferred&#8221;)</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">877</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1836">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40B_eus-gaap--LongTermInvestments_iI_pn3n3_hus-gaap--InvestmentTypeAxis__us-gaap--ConvertiblePreferredStockMember_zBrpM9fmRkLc" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">Convertible preferred stock&#8212;equity method investment</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">1,338</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">2,784</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_404_eus-gaap--LongTermInvestments_iI_pn3n3_hus-gaap--InvestmentTypeAxis__us-gaap--HedgeFundsMember_zuROMk1jvQjl" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Hedge funds</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">2,883</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">3,002</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--LongTermInvestments_iI_pn3n3_hus-gaap--InvestmentTypeAxis__us-gaap--OtherInvestmentsMember_z2uKrmv0Cre8" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">Other</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">725</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2,825</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--LongTermInvestments_iI_pn3n3_zs6kuCNMDixa" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Noncurrent equity investments</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">6,518</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">9,874</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  </table>

<p id="xdx_8A3_zbhR0H0JFN9k" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Howard
S. Jonas is the Vice-Chairman of the Board of Directors of Zedge.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
June 2016, upon the acquisition of Visa Europe Limited by Visa, Inc. (&#8220;Visa&#8221;), IDT Financial Services received <span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--InvestmentOwnedBalanceShares_iI_pid_c20160630_zo6zkDA6lwi" title="Owned shares">1,830</span> shares
of Visa Series C Preferred among other consideration. In July 2024 and July 2022, in connection with Visa&#8217;s mandatory release assessments,
the Company received <span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--InvestmentOwnedBalanceShares_iI_pid_c20240731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--VisaSeriesAConvertibleParticipatingPreferredStockMember_zQ8GAI8w7Ff4" title="Owned shares">33</span> shares and <span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--InvestmentOwnedBalanceShares_iI_pid_c20220731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--VisaSeriesAConvertibleParticipatingPreferredStockMember_zhdkWiyO5tuh" title="Owned shares">58</span> shares, respectively, of Visa&#8217;s Series A Preferred. In August 2024, the <span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--InvestmentOwnedBalanceShares_iI_pid_c20240831__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--VisaSeriesAConvertibleParticipatingPreferredStockMember_zeJ10VVgNnda" title="Owned shares">33</span> shares of Visa
Series A Preferred were converted into <span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--InvestmentOwnedBalanceShares_iI_pid_c20240831__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--VisaSeriesAConvertibleParticipatingPreferredStockMember__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__custom--VisaClassACommonStockMember_zsuRrerSzTWl" title="Owned shares">3,300</span> shares of Visa Class A common stock, which the Company sold for $<span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--ProceedsFromSaleAndMaturityOfMarketableSecurities_pn5n6_c20240801__20240831__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--VisaSeriesAConvertibleParticipatingPreferredStockMember__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__custom--VisaClassACommonStockMember_zeJ4L2N7OEK8" title="Proceeds from sale of common stock">0.9</span> million. In August
2022, the <span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--InvestmentOwnedBalanceShares_iI_pid_c20220831__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--VisaSeriesAConvertibleParticipatingPreferredStockMember_z243g95B37Ni" title="Owned shares">58</span> shares of Visa Series A Preferred were converted into <span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--InvestmentOwnedBalanceShares_iI_pid_c20220831__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--VisaSeriesAConvertibleParticipatingPreferredStockMember__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__custom--VisaClassACommonStockMember_zcaLGen07fE" title="Owned shares">5,800</span> shares of Visa Class A common stock, which the Company sold
for $<span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--ProceedsFromSaleAndMaturityOfMarketableSecurities_pn5n6_c20220801__20220831__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--VisaSeriesAConvertibleParticipatingPreferredStockMember__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__custom--VisaClassACommonStockMember_zewRlEc5yJwc" title="Proceeds from maturities and sales of debt securities and redemption of equity investments">1.3</span> million.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p id="xdx_897_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueTableTextBlock_zRoI16yFUAM4" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
changes in the carrying value of the Company&#8217;s equity investments without readily determinable fair values for which the Company
elected the measurement alternative was as follows:</span></p>

<p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;<span id="xdx_8BE_z9HZigTzDsw1" style="display: none">Schedule of Carrying Value of Equity Investments</span></span></span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: auto; border-collapse: collapse; width: 80%; margin-right: auto">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">Year ended July 31 <br/> (in thousands)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_495_20230801__20240731_zH6XTP39NJEg" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_494_20220801__20230731_z9f9Ol8venk5" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_49F_20210801__20220731_z2UU0m4URjLi" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2022</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueAmount_iS_pn3n3_zB1T1UhTaqk4" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 52%; padding-bottom: 1pt">Balance, beginning of period</td><td style="width: 2%; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 12%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">1,632</td><td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 2%; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 12%; text-align: right">1,501</td><td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 2%; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 12%; text-align: right">2,743</td><td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueUpwardPriceAdjustmentAnnualAmount_pn3n3_z7UZlLbKy8Bi" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Upward adjustment</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">130</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1875">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1876">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40B_ecustom--RedemptionForVisaMandatoryReleaseAssessment_pn3n3_zqGVj0NRELoj" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">Redemption for Visa Series C Preferred mandatory release assessment</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(877</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1879">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(1,230</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40E_ecustom--EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValuePurchaseAmount_pn3n3_zhPXKxKn4Tui" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td>Purchase</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1882">&#8212;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1883">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">100</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40F_ecustom--AdjustmentForObservableTransactionsInvolvingSimilarInvestmentFromSameIssuer_pn3n3_ztKQIpZhMq5c" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">Adjustment for observable transactions involving a similar investment from the same issuer</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">309</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">131</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(103</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40B_ecustom--EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueRedemptionsAmount_pn3n3_zazz54OvXfKa" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td>Redemptions</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(230</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1891">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(9</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_404_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueImpairmentLossAnnualAmount_pn3n3_zsHPbEfk2tH8" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">Impairments</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1894">&#8212;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1895">&#8212;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1896">&#8212;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueAmount_iE_pn3n3_zksDcgCq2Uve" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">BALANCE, END OF PERIOD</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">1,632</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">1,501</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  </table>

<p id="xdx_8AF_zc0XKy7qWX9h" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>




<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company adjusted the carrying value of the shares of Visa Series C Preferred it held based on the fair value of Visa Class A common stock,
including a discount for lack of current marketability, which is classified as &#8220;Adjustment for observable transactions involving
a similar investment from the same issuer&#8221; in the table above. The Certificate of Designation with respect to the shares of Visa
Series C Preferred restricts the transferability of the shares, there is no public market for the shares, and none is expected to develop.
The shares become fully convertible into shares of Visa Class A common stock in June 2028. In addition, in connection with the acquisition
of Regal Bancorp by SR Bancorp, the Company received cash of $<span id="xdx_904_ecustom--EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueRedemptionsAmount_pn5n6_c20230801__20240731__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--RegalBancorpMember_zHhBsJtIqWp9" title="Cash">0.2</span> million in fiscal 2024 in exchange for its shares of Regal Bancorp
common stock.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p id="xdx_89A_eus-gaap--UnrealizedGainLossOnInvestmentsTableTextBlock_z6krfY4DQ3l3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Unrealized
gains and losses for all equity investments measured at fair value included the following:</span></p>

<p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&#160;<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="display: none; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_8B4_zQgXLSWUFcgg">Schedule
of Unrealized Gains (losses) Gains for All Equity Investments</span></span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">Year ended July 31 <br/> (in thousands)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_49F_20230801__20240731_zUfo2LpROEI9" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_497_20220801__20230731_zb27G8l0Y9wh" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_493_20210801__20220731_zP3Z1Q7zZ22" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2022</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNiGainLoss_pn3n3_zCxfk27vxgc1" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 52%; text-align: left">Net gains (losses) recognized during the period on equity investments</td><td style="width: 2%; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 12%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">229</td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 12%; text-align: right">(2,613</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">)</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 12%; text-align: right">(19,248</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40E_ecustom--EquitySecuritiesFvNiRecognizedGainLossNetOnEquitySecuritiesRedeemed_pn3n3_zuAjGkrfmeJ9" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Less: net gains recognized during the period on equity investments sold during the period</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">130</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">18</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">10</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40C_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNiUnrealizedGainLoss_pn3n3_z12NnXJXliuf" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Unrealized gains (losses) recognized during the period on equity investments still held at the reporting date</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">99</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(2,631</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(19,258</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  </table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
unrealized losses and gains for all equity investments measured at fair value in the table above included the following:</span></p>

<p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">Year ended July 31 <br/> (in thousands)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_492_20230801__20240731_zyQ6kyAggaMi" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_49A_20220801__20230731_zTx1b0TYFwEe" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_492_20210801__20220731_zzjtMSQTlHif" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2022</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">Unrealized (losses) gains recognized during the period on equity investments:</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNiUnrealizedGainLoss_pn3n3_hus-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__custom--RafaelClassBCommonStockMember_zeFpT98o9AVa" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="width: 52%; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Rafael Class B common stock</td><td style="width: 2%; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 12%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(142</td><td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td style="width: 2%; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 12%; text-align: right">(7</td><td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="width: 2%; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 12%; text-align: right">(14,101</td><td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40C_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNiUnrealizedGainLoss_pn3n3_hus-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__custom--ZedgeClassBCommonStockMember_zFSZysVzELBe" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Zedge Class B common stock</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">64</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(28</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(533</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNiUnrealizedGainLoss_pn3n3_zs9RroPGjGvj" style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Unrealized gains (losses) recognized during the period on equity investments still held at the reporting date</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">99</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(2,631</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(19,258</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
</table>

<p id="xdx_8A4_zCfnKk9Amilh" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Equity
Method Investment</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company has an investment in shares of convertible preferred stock of a communications company (the equity method investee, or &#8220;EMI&#8221;).
As of July 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company&#8217;s ownership was <span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage_iI_dp_uPure_c20240731__srt--ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis__custom--EquityMethodInvestmentMember_zR5YyDCs3T9j" title="Ownership percentage">33.4</span>% and <span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage_iI_dp_uPure_c20230731__srt--ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis__custom--EquityMethodInvestmentMember_zFjVWmmAj9e8" title="Ownership percentage">33.3</span>%, respectively, of the EMI&#8217;s outstanding shares
on an as converted basis. The Company accounts for this investment using the equity method since the Company can exercise significant
influence over the operating and financial policies of the EMI but does not have a controlling interest.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company determined that on the dates of the acquisitions of the EMI&#8217;s shares, there were differences between its investment in
the EMI and its proportional interest in the equity of the EMI of an aggregate of $<span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestmentDifferenceBetweenCarryingAmountAndUnderlyingEquity_iI_pn5n6_c20240731_zOwiiMDp5BId" title="Equity method investment, aggregate cost">8.2</span> million, which represented the share of the EMI&#8217;s
customer list on the dates of the acquisitions attributed to the Company&#8217;s interest in the EMI. <span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestmentDifferenceBetweenCarryingAmountAndUnderlyingEquityAccountingTreatment_c20230801__20240731_zy7XzLphwBLe" title="Equity method investment, description">These basis differences are being
amortized over the 6-year estimated life of the customer list</span>. In the accompanying consolidated statements of income, amortization of
equity method basis difference is included in the equity in the net loss of investee, which is recorded in &#8220;Other expense, net&#8221;
(see Note 18).</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
of April 6, 2023, the Company was the holder of secured promissory notes made by the EMI in exchange for loans of an aggregate of $<span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--ReceivableWithImputedInterestFaceAmount_iI_pn5n6_c20230406_z1lgKbTo3SNd" title="Secured promissory notes">4.0</span>
million including accrued interest. The notes provided for interest on the principal amount at <span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--ReceivableWithImputedInterestEffectiveYieldInterestRate_pid_dp_uPure_c20230406__20230406__srt--ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis__custom--EMIPreferredStockMember_ztQ83S6hN2Tl" title="Effective yield interest rate">15</span>% per annum payable monthly. The notes
were due and payable in <span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--ReceivableWithImputedInterestDueDates_ddpxL_c20230201__20230228__srt--ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis__custom--EMIPreferredStockMember_zl9MaxGkiZV9" title="Imputed interest due date::XDX::2023-02-28"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1942">February 2023</span></span> and <span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--ReceivableWithImputedInterestDueDates_ddpxL_c20230401__20230430__srt--ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis__custom--EMIPreferredStockMember_zwO93WKvL452" title="Imputed interest due date::XDX::2023-04-30"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1944">April 2023</span></span>. On April 6, 2023, in accordance with an Agreement and Plan of Merger dated as of
April 5, 2023, the EMI merged with and into its subsidiary, with the subsidiary being the surviving corporation. Effective with the merger,
the principal and accrued interest of the EMI&#8217;s secured promissory notes was converted into shares of the EMI&#8217;s convertible
preferred stock.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>




<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p id="xdx_898_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestmentsTextBlock_zdqqBmOPs6xh" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
following table summarizes the change in the balance of the Company&#8217;s equity method investment:</span></p>

<p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&#160;<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="display: none; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_8B3_zcZaCy2eT7Ea">Summary of Changes in Equity Method Investments</span></span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">Year ended July 31 <br/> (in thousands)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_49B_20230801__20240731__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__us-gaap--EquityMethodInvesteeMember_zS9HvoclaE4k" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_494_20220801__20230731__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__us-gaap--EquityMethodInvesteeMember_zXKJyCdfTWBh" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_490_20210801__20220731__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__us-gaap--EquityMethodInvesteeMember_zAh28FoRMwz3" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2022</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestments_iS_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 52%; padding-bottom: 1pt">Balance, beginning of period</td><td style="width: 2%; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 12%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">2,784</td><td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 2%; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 12%; text-align: right">1,001</td><td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 2%; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 12%; text-align: right">2,901</td><td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_405_eus-gaap--PaymentsToAcquireEquityMethodInvestments_pn3n3_z8Rs0NxsRz" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Purchase of convertible preferred stock</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">2,017</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">840</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">1,051</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_405_ecustom--ConversionOfEquityMethodInvestmentsSecuredPromissoryNotesIntoConvertiblePreferredStock_pn3n3_zMbcELotCSi9" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">Conversion of secured promissory notes into convertible preferred stock</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1956">&#8212;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">4,038</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(942</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(727</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestments_iE_pn3n3_hus-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__us-gaap--EquityMethodInvesteeMember_z4oLkc2OaMkk" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">BALANCE, END OF PERIOD</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2,784</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">1,001</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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<p id="xdx_8A9_zO8WsEPnCmhl" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
of August 22, 2024, the EMI&#8217;s shareholders including the Company agreed to purchase additional shares of the EMI&#8217;s
convertible preferred stock. The Company subscribed to purchase additional shares through January 2025 for an aggregate of $<span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--PaymentsToAcquireEquityMethodInvestments_pn5n6_c20240821__20240822__srt--ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis__custom--EquityMethodInvestmentMember__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--PreferredStockMember_zFF4WHsrqTng" title="Purchase of convertible preferred stock">0.9</span>
million. In August 2024, the Company paid $<span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--PaymentsToAcquireEquityMethodInvestments_pn5n6_c20240801__20240831__srt--ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis__custom--EquityMethodInvestmentMember__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--PreferredStockMember_z818Y5GBUz09" title="Purchase of convertible preferred stock">0.4</span> million to
purchase additional shares.</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for cash, cash equivalents, investments in debt and equity instruments (including cost and equity investees and related income statement amounts), equity and cost method investments, investments in joint ventures and any other investment.</p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.3</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm45266151958608">
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<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Fair Value Measurements<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
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<tr><th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2024</div></th></tr>
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9&#8212;<span id="xdx_82B_z5EVXhFR7yD1">Fair Value Measurements</span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p id="xdx_898_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfFairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringBasisTableTextBlock_zdyTlEQ2HJx7" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
following table presents the balance of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis:</span></p>

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<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">(in thousands)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zT3OvfQQONCf" style="width: 11%; text-align: right" title="Debt securities">16,585</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zW6Mqjrb0bq9" style="width: 11%; text-align: right" title="Debt securities">23,438</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">Equity investments included in current assets</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98B_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsCurrentAsset_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zIX5jAtL09Th" style="text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in current assets">5,009</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_985_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsCurrentAsset_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zCD2cTgdn5d1" style="text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in current assets"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1990">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_984_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsCurrentAsset_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zNnh3RhIDWo7" style="text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in current assets"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1992">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_982_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsCurrentAsset_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zDM71FMDb7aa" style="text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in current assets">5,009</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98B_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsNoncurrentAssets_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zg6fl8EMOWe3" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in noncurrent assets">1,377</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98B_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsNoncurrentAssets_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_z45xabQhsWfb" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in noncurrent assets">695</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98F_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsNoncurrentAssets_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zSzBzc4CYJx" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in noncurrent assets">2,072</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zs7lmfoB0pjg" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Total">8,230</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zROZjGpMMEC7" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Total">695</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">Acquisition consideration included in:</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 20pt; text-align: left">Other current liabilities</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityCurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20240731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zNACJKIpxQOk" style="text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other current liabilities"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2012">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityCurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20240731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_znri5r7CKdS" style="text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other current liabilities"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2014">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityCurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20240731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_z1tUQopGznPl" style="text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other current liabilities">(222</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityCurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20240731__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_z2AEhiLfr4t" style="text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other current liabilities">(222</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 20pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Other noncurrent liabilities</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20240731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zBV90KhiRu3" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other noncurrent liabilities"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2020">&#8212;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20240731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_z733gDTEdl7h" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other noncurrent liabilities"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2022">&#8212;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20240731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zZaduftyHHEe" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other noncurrent liabilities">(684</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20240731__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zszWjyQDJGK5" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other noncurrent liabilities">(684</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">TOTAL</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_980_ecustom--ContingentConsiderationIncludedInOtherLiabilities_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zxqdsB3dLnfg" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other liabilities"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2030">&#8212;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_987_ecustom--ContingentConsiderationIncludedInOtherLiabilities_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zelkyv1YQBI" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other liabilities">(906</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98B_ecustom--ContingentConsiderationIncludedInOtherLiabilities_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zcWRe6GM0ML8" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other liabilities">(906</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td>July 31, 2023</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">Debt securities</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zOxdW3FjO60i" style="text-align: right" title="Debt securities">31,038</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zNsNrgBKB4b" style="text-align: right" title="Debt securities">11,376</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zhiRm7tjxB29" style="text-align: right" title="Debt securities"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2040">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zBz9JjVCMU0f" style="text-align: right" title="Debt securities">42,414</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">Equity investments included in current assets</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_982_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsCurrentAsset_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zdYkNRWD40Oj" style="text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in current assets">6,198</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_986_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsCurrentAsset_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zbDiAF4y1M96" style="text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in current assets"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2046">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_982_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsCurrentAsset_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zyJgYkH7enye" style="text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in current assets"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2048">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98F_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsCurrentAsset_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zkWc1Ql3hkyl" style="text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in current assets">6,198</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Equity investments included in noncurrent assets</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_981_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsNoncurrentAssets_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zWA23kmBKiq5" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in noncurrent assets"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2052">&#8212;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_982_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsNoncurrentAssets_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zWDseZhQJdBh" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in noncurrent assets">2,500</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_982_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsNoncurrentAssets_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zkHUSwf4xz3d" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in noncurrent assets">1,263</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98E_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsNoncurrentAssets_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zoo8REUWfb65" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in noncurrent assets">3,763</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 30pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">TOTAL</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zOR9cLK9K7F7" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Total">37,236</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zRFnkV0ix6b3" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Total">13,876</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_z7Cz6oJIy4il" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Total">1,263</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zGskgbSVya2j" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Total">52,375</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">Acquisition consideration included in:</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 20pt; text-align: left">Other current liabilities</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityCurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zvym4NMPVgO1" style="text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other current liabilities"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2068">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityCurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zTKBZKbgxPtk" style="text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other current liabilities"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2070">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityCurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zukuNpS9Uw7j" style="text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other current liabilities">(2,032</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityCurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zpdIhikDhRl6" style="text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other current liabilities">(2,032</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 20pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Other noncurrent liabilities</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_z3A62gLcIHdb" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other noncurrent liabilities"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2076">&#8212;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zWXM0puGMMme" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other noncurrent liabilities"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2078">&#8212;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zVAko6Lcxqfl" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other noncurrent liabilities">(2,773</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zusHtyaTfxul" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other noncurrent liabilities">(2,773</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 30pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">TOTAL</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98B_ecustom--ContingentConsiderationIncludedInOtherLiabilities_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zSWdyVocaHne" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other liabilities"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2084">&#8212;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_983_ecustom--ContingentConsiderationIncludedInOtherLiabilities_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_z76KYKh9vRDd" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other liabilities"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2086">&#8212;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_980_ecustom--ContingentConsiderationIncludedInOtherLiabilities_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_z2gRKEAkaYv8" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other liabilities">(4,805</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_986_ecustom--ContingentConsiderationIncludedInOtherLiabilities_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zC0A2OKZCDh" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other liabilities">(4,805</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  </table>

<p id="xdx_8A3_ziSI6hTJYp1" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">At
July 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company had $<span id="xdx_907_ecustom--InvestmentInHedgeFunds_iI_pn5n6_c20240731_zZYDgzm4nn8d" title="Investment in hedge funds">2.9</span> million and $<span id="xdx_903_ecustom--InvestmentInHedgeFunds_iI_pn5n6_c20230731_z44vs5nQ60Kl" title="Investment in hedge funds">3.0</span> million, respectively, in investments in hedge funds, which were included
in noncurrent &#8220;Equity investments&#8221; in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. The Company&#8217;s investments in hedge
funds were accounted for using the equity method, therefore they were not measured at fair value.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>




<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p id="xdx_892_eus-gaap--FairValueAssetsMeasuredOnRecurringBasisUnobservableInputReconciliationTextBlock_zNRN1mWN1AHk" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
following tables summarize the change in the balance of the Company&#8217;s assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis using
significant unobservable inputs (Level 3):</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;<span id="xdx_8B9_zf4sMKKb01Ud" style="display: none">Schedule of Assets Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)</span></span></span></span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>Year ended July 31,</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_495_20230801__20240731_zlpRBruGXnz3">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_49A_20220801__20230731_z0S1hqEm5kc7">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_490_20210801__20220731_z03mTWgqUP9g">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">(in thousands)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2022</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_409_eus-gaap--FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetValue_iS_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 52%">Balance, beginning of period</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 2%; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 12%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">1,263</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 12%; text-align: right">1,132</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 12%; text-align: right">2,465</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_401_ecustom--RedemptionForVisaMandatoryReleaseAssessment_pn3n3_z93fGd8UCQ1k" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Redemption for Visa mandatory release assessment</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(877</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2103">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(1,230</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetGainLossIncludedInEarnings1_pn3n3_zl1V6tCJzxf4" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">Total gains (losses) included in &#8220;<span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--FairValueRecurringBasisUnobservableInputReconciliationAssetGainLossStatementOfIncomeExtensibleList_dxL_c20230801__20240731_zDGC2YEnacB4" title="::XDX::http%3A%2F%2Ffasb.org%2Fus-gaap%2F2024%23NonoperatingIncomeExpense"><span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--FairValueRecurringBasisUnobservableInputReconciliationAssetGainLossStatementOfIncomeExtensibleList_dxL_c20220801__20230731_zkZgXW1hjyuh" title="::XDX::http%3A%2F%2Ffasb.org%2Fus-gaap%2F2024%23NonoperatingIncomeExpense"><span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--FairValueRecurringBasisUnobservableInputReconciliationAssetGainLossStatementOfIncomeExtensibleList_dxL_c20210801__20220731_zXd8amGpqZij" title="::XDX::http%3A%2F%2Ffasb.org%2Fus-gaap%2F2024%23NonoperatingIncomeExpense"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2109"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2110"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2111">Other expense, net</span></span></span></span></span></span>&#8221;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">309</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">131</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(103</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetValue_iE_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">BALANCE, END OF PERIOD</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">695</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">1,263</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">1,132</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--FairValueAssetsMeasuredOnRecurringBasisChangeInUnrealizedGainLoss_z4y5SBkq3jja" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">Change in unrealized gains or losses for the period included in earnings for assets held at the end of the period</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2117">&#8212;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2118">&#8212;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2119">&#8212;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  </table>

<p id="xdx_8AC_zGVnzw2kNToe" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p id="xdx_895_eus-gaap--FairValueLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringBasisUnobservableInputReconciliationTextBlock_zD8M0fl0Tt78" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
following tables summarize the change in the balance of the Company&#8217;s liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using
significant unobservable inputs (Level 3):</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;<span id="xdx_8BB_z7Q0PFsK011c" style="display: none">Schedule of Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)</span></span></span></span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>Year ended July 31,</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_499_20230801__20240731_zJOK6rhVBjw7">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_49E_20220801__20230731_zbgdxW3BGbGi">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_49B_20210801__20220731_zw2nqV6Yy2Vc">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">(in thousands)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2022</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationsRecurringBasisLiabilityValue_iS_pn3n3_zJFA410wQNh5" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 52%">Balance, beginning of period</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 2%; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 12%; text-align: right">1,025</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_409_ecustom--FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisLiabilitiesTransfersIntoLevelThreeFromAcquisition_pn3n3_zmrrCRomW6Jd" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2128">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">7,849</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisLiabilitySettlements_pn3n3_zpWrPhRyoqbh" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(2,494</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2133">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Total (gains) losses included in:</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisLiabilityGainLossIncludedInEarnings_zwVffDmlWeui" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(1,838</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(1,349</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(303</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_403_ecustom--FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisLiabilityInterestExpense_pn3n3_zdtZsY6PLgch" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">Interest expense included in &#8220;Interest income, net&#8221;</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">97</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2144">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">8,546</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2158">&#8212;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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<p id="xdx_8A3_ztvtcumxKUfg" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
fiscal 2024 and fiscal 2023, the Company paid an aggregate of $<span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--PaymentForContingentConsiderationLiabilityInvestingActivities_pn5n6_c20230801__20240731_zgduV10SYd0i" title="Contingent consideration payment">2.1</span> million and $<span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--PaymentForContingentConsiderationLiabilityInvestingActivities_pn5n6_c20220801__20230731_zkLrpPQ2F9Sc" title="Contingent consideration payment">2.5</span> million, respectively, for contingent consideration
related to prior acquisitions, which included <span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesAcquisitions_pid_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--CommonStockMember__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_zxCoOYYCHbmi" title="Number of shares issued in acquisition">2,679</span> and <span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesAcquisitions_pid_c20220801__20230731__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--CommonStockMember__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_zVIFgmj7Jf4l" title="Number of shares issued in acquisition">3,051</span> shares, respectively, of the Company&#8217;s Class B common stock with
an issue date value of $<span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueAcquisitions_pn5n6_c20230801__20240731_zXWclqmjTyTh" title="Number of shares issued in acquisition, value"><span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueAcquisitions_pn5n6_c20220801__20230731_zgbogZ4hw0Yh" title="Number of shares issued in acquisition, value">0.1</span></span> million in both fiscal 2024 and fiscal 2023. In addition, the Company recorded gains of $<span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability1_iN_pn5n6_di_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--IncomeStatementLocationAxis__us-gaap--OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseMember_zeDmowi7HLkd" title="Gain on write-off of contingent consideration payment obligation">1.8</span> million, $<span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability1_iN_pn5n6_di_c20220801__20230731__us-gaap--IncomeStatementLocationAxis__us-gaap--OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseMember_zC6c174pMJBe" title="Gain on write-off of contingent consideration payment obligation">1.6</span>
million, and $<span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability1_iN_pn5n6_di_c20210801__20220731__us-gaap--IncomeStatementLocationAxis__us-gaap--OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseMember_zwlLmLrWv1B3" title="Gain on write-off of contingent consideration payment obligation">0.3</span> million in fiscal 2024, fiscal 2023, and fiscal 2022, respectively, on the write-off of contingent consideration payment
obligations. Also, in fiscal 2023, the Company increased the estimated fair value of acquisition-related contingent consideration by
$<span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--LiabilitiesFairValueAdjustment_pn5n6_c20220801__20230731__us-gaap--IncomeStatementLocationAxis__us-gaap--OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseMember_zcXYne6jdDLb" title="Estimated fair value of contingent consideration">0.2</span> million. These write-offs of contingent consideration net of the increase in the contingent consideration were included in &#8220;Other
operating expense, net&#8221; in the accompanying consolidated statements of income.</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Fair
Value of Other Financial Instruments</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
estimated fair value of the Company&#8217;s other financial instruments was determined using available market information or other appropriate
valuation methodologies. However, considerable judgment is required in interpreting these data to develop estimates of fair value. Consequently,
the estimates are not necessarily indicative of the amounts that could be realized or would be paid in a current market exchange.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Cash
and cash equivalents, restricted cash and cash equivalents, settlement assets, other current assets, customer deposits, settlement liabilities,
and other current liabilities.</i> At July 31, 2024 and 2023, the carrying amount of these assets and liabilities approximated fair value
because of the short period of time to maturity. The fair value estimates for cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash and cash equivalents
were classified as Level 1 and settlement assets, other current assets, customer deposits, settlement liabilities, and other current
liabilities were classified as Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Other
assets and other liabilities.</i> At July 31, 2024 and 2023, the carrying amount of these assets and liabilities approximated fair value.
The fair values were estimated based on the Company&#8217;s assumptions, which were classified as Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>




<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.3</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm45266149316112">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Property, Plant, and Equipment<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2024</div></th></tr>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentAbstract', window );"><strong>Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentDisclosureTextBlock', window );">Property, Plant, and Equipment</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_80A_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentDisclosureTextBlock_zSVzzWLdH791" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Note
10&#8212;<span id="xdx_825_zOwZlCvocdh">Property, Plant, and Equipment</span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p id="xdx_896_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTextBlock_zN76KJNCijGi" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Property,
plant, and equipment consist of the following:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;<span id="xdx_8B4_zovDzCK7oxn3" style="display: none">Schedule of Property, Plant and Equipment</span></span></span></span></span></p>

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                                               <p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">(in thousands)</p></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="width: 60%">Equipment</td><td style="width: 2%; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 16%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">45,881</td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
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  <tr id="xdx_405_eus-gaap--CapitalizedComputerSoftwareGross_iI_pn3n3_maPPAEGzQ2W_zv26k86TTAd3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Computer software</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">181,081</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">169,070</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--LeaseholdImprovementsGross_iI_pn3n3_maPPAEGzQ2W_zxcuracOnZP6" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">Leasehold improvements</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">1,635</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">1,760</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--FurnitureAndFixturesGross_iI_pn3n3_maPPAEGzQ2W_zPhmkpJIEW33" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">Furniture and fixtures</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">730</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">699</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_409_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross_iTI_pn3n3_mtPPAEGzQ2W_maPPAENzLFN_zbbyRXDMoYd8" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="display: none; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Property, plant and equipment, gross</span></span></td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">229,327</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">215,233</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_406_eus-gaap--AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment_iNI_pn3n3_di_msPPAENzLFN_zczCOKeEYlok" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">Less accumulated depreciation and amortization</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(190,675</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(176,578</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet_iTI_pn3n3_mtPPAENzLFN_zHGHrUD9OdCk" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">Property, plant, and equipment, net</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">38,652</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">38,655</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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<p id="xdx_8AE_zDPRXbgZ5vW2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company reduced its gross property, plant, and equipment and accumulated depreciation and amortization by $<span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentDisposals_pn5n6_c20230801__20240731_zR782ScSMln1" title="Disposal of property, plant and equipment">4.6</span> million and $<span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentDisposals_pn5n6_c20210801__20220731_zLwwo8MM6B2i" title="Disposal of property, plant and equipment">4.2</span> million
in fiscal 2024 and fiscal 2023, respectively, for property, plant, and equipment that was fully depreciated and no longer in service.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Depreciation
and amortization expense of property, plant, and equipment was $<span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--Depreciation_pn5n6_c20230801__20240731_zqeebfSLMNQ5" title="Depreciation expense">19.1</span> million, $<span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--Depreciation_pn5n6_c20220801__20230731_zTfxVbadQhce" title="Depreciation expense">18.6</span> million, and $<span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--Depreciation_pn5n6_c20210801__20220731_z8GfMDN15uG9" title="Depreciation expense">16.8</span> million in fiscal 2024, fiscal
2023, and fiscal 2022, respectively.</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font: normal 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font: normal 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">In
fiscal 2023, the Company recorded an expense of $<span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--OtherExpenses_pn5n6_c20220801__20230731_zA2jvfOoVKz7" title="Expenses for telephone equipment">0.1</span> million for telephone equipment that was taken out of service, which was included
in &#8220;Other operating expense, net&#8221; in the accompanying consolidated statements of income.</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for long-lived, physical asset used in normal conduct of business and not intended for resale. Includes, but is not limited to, work of art, historical treasure, and similar asset classified as collections.</p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.3</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm45266265133392">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Goodwill<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2024</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_GoodwillAndIntangibleAssetsDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_GoodwillDisclosureTextBlock', window );">Goodwill</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_808_eus-gaap--GoodwillDisclosureTextBlock_zoXnLHlIp1id" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Note
11&#8212;<span id="xdx_827_z347a0PGiDra">Goodwill</span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p id="xdx_89C_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfIntangibleAssetsAndGoodwillTableTextBlock_zoxIn3HnCql1" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
table below reconciles the change in the carrying amount of goodwill by operating segment:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_8B5_zHMlFuhMqHaf" style="display: none">Schedule of Change in Carrying Amount of Goodwill by Operating Segment</span>&#160;</span></span></span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">(in thousands)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_4B0_us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_custom--FintechMember_zzRSg24G4C2j" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">Fintech</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_4B8_us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_custom--Net2phoneMember_zhKJGS4zIvGk" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">net2phone</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_4BB_us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_custom--TraditionalCommunicationsMember_zxilSCDjnQ2i" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">Traditional Communications</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right">&#160;</td>
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  <tr id="xdx_433_c20210801__20220731_eus-gaap--Goodwill_iS_pn3n3_zs7sjKBcvtoj" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 36%; font-weight: bold">Balance at July 31, 2021</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 12%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2222">&#8212;</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 12%; text-align: right">14,897</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">3,199</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">8,433</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">11,632</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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    <td>Adjustment</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">392</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr id="xdx_40C_eus-gaap--GoodwillForeignCurrencyTranslationGainLoss_pn3n3_zVTCDOHGb5u5" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">Foreign currency translation adjustments</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr id="xdx_43C_c20220801__20230731_eus-gaap--Goodwill_iS_pn3n3_zbCRMEkPyU29" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-weight: bold">Balance at July 31, 2022</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">3,199</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">9,743</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">13,438</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">26,380</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">101</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(24</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr id="xdx_433_c20230801__20240731_eus-gaap--Goodwill_iS_pn3n3_zilUTCkbfqe" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-weight: bold">Balance at July 31, 2023</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">9,844</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
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<tr id="xdx_40C_eus-gaap--GoodwillForeignCurrencyTranslationGainLoss_pn3n3_znCDMQ9PcmG7" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">9,822</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">13,267</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">26,288</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for goodwill.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 350<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 24<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482548/350-20-55-24<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 350<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482573/350-20-50-2<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 350<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482573/350-20-50-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 350<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/350-20/tableOfContent<br></p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.3</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm45266149377440">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Other Intangible Assets<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2024</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_GoodwillAndIntangibleAssetsDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_GoodwillAndIntangibleAssetsDisclosureTextBlock', window );">Other Intangible Assets</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_809_eus-gaap--GoodwillAndIntangibleAssetsDisclosureTextBlock_zm0Q1W6mesXj" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Note
12&#8212;<span id="xdx_82C_zi5FYPPDx4L9">Other Intangible Assets</span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p id="xdx_891_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfFiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsTableTextBlock_zfjj6QWVv805" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
table below presents information on the Company&#8217;s amortized intangible assets:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_8B2_zpNjNWhtG1Rl" style="display: none">Schedule of Company's Amortized Intangible Assets</span>&#160;</span></span></span></span></p>

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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">(in thousands)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right">&#160;</td>
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                    <p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Average</p>
                    <p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Amortization</p>
                    <p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Period</p></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right">&#160;</td>
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                                              <p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Carrying</p>
                                              <p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Amount</p></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Accumulated</p>
                                              <p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Amortization</p></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right">&#160;</td>
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                                              <p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Balance</p></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td>July 31, 2024</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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    <td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsGross_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis__us-gaap--TradeNamesMember_zjCjukqWISIa" style="width: 12%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Gross Carrying Amount">1,400</td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 2%; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAccumulatedAmortization_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis__us-gaap--TradeNamesMember_z9MTf9QwBNeg" style="width: 12%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Accumulated Amortization">(445</td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td style="width: 2%; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsGross_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis__us-gaap--NoncompeteAgreementsMember_zahnY9593S46" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Gross Carrying Amount">660</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAccumulatedAmortization_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis__us-gaap--NoncompeteAgreementsMember_zf2oNJERTMfb" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Accumulated Amortization">(266</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNet_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis__us-gaap--NoncompeteAgreementsMember_zLWqJ0L7E585" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Net Balance">394</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98A_eus-gaap--FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNet_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis__us-gaap--CustomerRelationshipsMember_zFhnWM2aBHT6" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Net Balance">5,983</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNet_iI_pn3n3_c20230731_zdBzHoW54MUk" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Net Balance">8,196</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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<p id="xdx_8A0_z3eXwrHpiRdk" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
March 2024, the Company completed a portion of the integration of the Leaf Wallet platform into the BOSS Money app, including replacing
the Leaf tradename with BOSS Money. The Leaf tradename balance of $<span id="xdx_90B_ecustom--LossOnDisposalOfIntangibleAsset_pn5n6_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis__us-gaap--TradeNamesMember_zXqnx6lCj2Zf" title="Loss on disposal of intangible assets">0.1</span> million was written-off in fiscal 2024.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Amortization
expense of intangible assets was $<span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--AmortizationOfIntangibleAssets_pn5n6_c20230801__20240731_zbCK70SUfGJ9" title="Amortization of intangible assets">1.3</span> million, $<span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--AmortizationOfIntangibleAssets_pn5n6_c20220801__20230731_zA5vndXQfvHc" title="Amortization of intangible assets">1.5</span> million, and $<span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--AmortizationOfIntangibleAssets_pn5n6_c20210801__20220731_zS1EfDFQ1jPj" title="Amortization of intangible assets">1.3</span> million in fiscal 2024, fiscal 2023, and fiscal 2022, respectively.
The Company estimates that amortization expense of intangible assets with finite lives will be $<span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseNextTwelveMonths_iI_pn5n6_c20240731_zJ8gQMJdxbCe" title="Amortization expense of intangible assets in fiscal 2025">1.2</span> million, $<span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseYearTwo_iI_pn5n6_c20240731_zeYYRUg1vOhj" title="Amortization expense of intangible assets in fiscal 2026">1.2</span> million, $<span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseYearThree_iI_pn5n6_c20240731_zxzpygX5djb1" title="Amortization expense of intangible assets in fiscal 2027">1.1</span> million,
$<span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseYearFour_iI_pn5n6_c20240731_zzfOIJyGQem4" title="Amortization expense of intangible assets in fiscal 2028">1.0</span> million, and $<span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseYearFive_iI_pn5n6_c20240731_zsoHktZq9yja" title="Amortization expense of intangible assets in fiscal 2029">0.6</span> million in fiscal 2025, fiscal 2026, fiscal 2027, fiscal 2028, and fiscal 2029, respectively.</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>




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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for goodwill and intangible assets.</p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.3</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm45266144087488">
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<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Variable Interest Entity<br></strong></div></th>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company is the primary beneficiary of a variable interest entity (&#8220;VIE&#8221;) that operates money transfer businesses. The Company
determined that, effective May 31, 2021, it had the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact its economic
performance, and the Company has the obligation to absorb losses of and the right to receive benefits from the VIE that could potentially
be significant to it. As a result, the Company consolidates the VIE. The Company does not currently own any interest in the VIE and thus
the net income incurred by the VIE was attributed to noncontrolling interests in the accompanying statements of income.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p id="xdx_890_esrt--ScheduleOfCondensedIncomeStatementTableTextBlock_zMWQcU0t29Pd" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
VIE&#8217;s net income and aggregate funding provided by (repaid to) the Company were as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_8B7_znFEpkVVFWJ7" style="display: none">Schedule of Net Income and Aggregate Funding Repaid to the Company by VIE</span>&#160;</span></span></span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><p style="text-align: left; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Year ended July 31</p>
        <p style="text-align: left; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">(in thousands)</p></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_495_20230801__20240731_zyseFBboosz6" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_491_20220801__20230731_zrhKQaS9ygbl" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right">&#160;</td>
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  <tr id="xdx_409_ecustom--VariableInterestEntityNetIncomeLosstAmount_pn3n3_zz1w2oEptvp" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 52%; text-align: left">Net income of the VIE</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 2%; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 12%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">513</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 12%; text-align: right">322</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 12%; text-align: right">248</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">Aggregate funding provided by (repaid to) the Company, net</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">215</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">112</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(94</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
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<p id="xdx_8AB_zP41wAtWGin3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p id="xdx_89B_esrt--ScheduleOfCondensedBalanceSheetTableTextBlock_zAcjuMEEO2Vl" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_8BE_z8sNDRAUcAD3" style="display: none">VIE&#8217;s Summarized Consolidated Balance Sheet</span>&#160;</span></span></span></span></p>

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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"><p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">July 31</p>
                                                                 <p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">(in thousands)</p></td><td style="text-align: right; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_49B_20240731__srt--ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis__us-gaap--VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_zVayfjMMeBBh" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2024</td><td style="text-align: right; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-weight: bold">ASSETS</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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    <td style="width: 60%; text-align: left">Cash and cash equivalents</td><td style="width: 2%; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 16%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">2,626</td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 16%; text-align: right">1,596</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--RestrictedCashCurrent_iI_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">Restricted cash</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">7,426</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">7,848</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--ReceivablesNetCurrent_iI_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Trade accounts receivable, net</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">74</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">62</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40B_ecustom--DisbursementPrefunding_iI_pn3n3_zNXe3JRH07id" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">Disbursement prefunding</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">2,587</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">585</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--PrepaidExpenseCurrent_iI_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Prepaid expenses</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">258</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">197</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--OtherAssetsCurrent_iI_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">Other current assets</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">294</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">317</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet_iI_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Property, plant, and equipment, net</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">179</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">272</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--OtherIntangibleAssetsNet_iI_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Other intangibles, net</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">584</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">737</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--Assets_iI_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">TOTAL ASSETS</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">14,028</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">11,614</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">LIABILITIES AND NONCONTROLLING INTERESTS</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--AccountsPayableCurrent_iI_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Trade accounts payable</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">4</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2405">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent_iI_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">Accrued expenses</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">124</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">70</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40A_eus-gaap--SettlementLiabilitiesCurrent_iI_pn3n3_zrarVnPBD793" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Settlement liabilities</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">9,195</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">7,573</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent_iI_pn3n3_hus-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__us-gaap--RelatedPartyMember_zmLDndm4HNWk" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">Due to the Company</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">241</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">26</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_403_eus-gaap--AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_iI_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Accumulated other comprehensive income</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">27</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">21</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--MinorityInterest_iI_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Noncontrolling interests</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">4,437</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">3,924</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity_iI_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">TOTAL LIABILITIES AND NONCONTROLLING INTERESTS</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">14,028</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">11,614</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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<p id="xdx_8A6_zHw0vFQZHdH4" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
VIE&#8217;s assets may only be used to settle the VIE&#8217;s obligations and may not be used for other consolidated entities. The VIE&#8217;s
liabilities are non-recourse to the general credit of the Company&#8217;s other consolidated entities.</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for a variable interest entity (VIE), including but not limited to, judgments and assumptions in determining whether to consolidate and in identifying the primary beneficiary, gain (loss) recognized on the initial consolidation of the VIE, terms of arrangements, amounts and classification of the VIE's assets and liabilities, and the entity's maximum exposure to loss.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 810<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/810/tableOfContent<br></p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.3</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm45266144041600">
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<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Other Operating Expense, Net<br></strong></div></th>
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<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherIncomeAndExpensesAbstract', window );"><strong>Other Income and Expenses [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherOperatingIncomeAndExpenseTextBlock', window );">Other Operating Expense, Net</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_80E_eus-gaap--OtherOperatingIncomeAndExpenseTextBlock_zntq0otzUF6g" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Note
14&#8212;<span id="xdx_828_zy0sewv1mBik">Other Operating Expense, Net</span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p id="xdx_892_ecustom--ScheduleOfOtherOperatingExpensesGainsNetTableTextBlock_z6qRCs4T52Mk" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
following table summarizes the other operating expense, net by business segment:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_8B7_zhTKIzbogrJh" style="display: none">Schedule of Other Operating (Expense) Gain, Net</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></span></span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><p style="text-align: left; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Year ended July 31</p>
        <p style="text-align: left; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">(in thousands)</p></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_49C_20230801__20240731_z7fKI964zIcd" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_495_20220801__20230731_zMY1TjkmJI1d" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right">&#160;</td>
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  <tr id="xdx_40A_eus-gaap--LegalFees_iN_pn3n3_di_msOOIENzGym_zNc1I09GEFjd" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 52%; text-align: left">Corporate &#8212;Straight Path Communications Inc. class action legal fees</td><td style="width: 2%; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 12%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(7,237</td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 12%; text-align: right">(5,785</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">)</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
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  <tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--UnusualOrInfrequentItemInsuranceProceeds_pn3n3_maOOIENzGym_zNqojmoLR5s1" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Corporate &#8212;Straight Path Communications Inc. class action insurance claims</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">2,869</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">3,845</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">6,635</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--IncomeTaxCreditsAndAdjustments_iN_pn3n3_di_msOOIENzGym_z5Tq7YO7KTt9" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2439">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_408_ecustom--CorporateOther_iN_pn3n3_di_msOOIENzGym_zJ0vRYiDcSIa" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td>Corporate&#8212;other</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2442">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2443">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40C_ecustom--LossOnDisposalOfIntangibleAsset_iN_pn3n3_di_msOOIENzGym_zEJaPEIFsQVb" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">Fintech&#8212;write-off of intangible asset</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(74</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2446">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2447">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_405_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability1_iN_pn3n3_di_hus-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionAxis__custom--FintechMember_msOOIENzGym_zLBQ6eHjeI3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Fintech&#8212;write-off of contingent consideration liability</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2451">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_407_ecustom--FintechgovernmentGrants_pn3n3_maOOIENzGym_zDcesbuGqna5" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">20</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40D_ecustom--WriteoffOfTelephoneEquipment_iN_pn3n3_di_hus-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionAxis__custom--Net2phoneMember_msOOIENzGym_zsqGodGIyjWi" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td>net2phone&#8212;write-off of telephone equipment</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2457">&#8212;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(133</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2459">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability1_iN_pn3n3_di_hus-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionAxis__custom--Net2phoneMember_msOOIENzGym_zrukuJ6UAeHg" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">73</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2462">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">303</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40B_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability1_iN_pn3n3_di_hus-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionAxis__custom--Net2phoneMember_msOOIENzGym_zcTcSDYERgGg" style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">write-off of contingent consideration liability</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">73</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2466">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">303</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
<tr id="xdx_404_ecustom--Net2phoneother_iN_pn3n3_di_hus-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionAxis__custom--Net2phoneMember_msOOIENzGym_zf5kDt9jHKkb" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td>net2phone&#8212;other</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(17</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2470">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(10</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_403_ecustom--NationalRetailSolutionsWriteOffOfCapitalizedInternalUseSoftwareCosts_pn3n3_maOOIENzGym_zR8Z1o5aRsJi" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">National Retail Solutions&#8212;write-off of capitalized internal use software costs</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(45</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2474">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2475">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40F_ecustom--NationalRetailSolutionsOther_pn3n3_maOOIENzGym_zZhhLx4zu3A4" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">National Retail Solutions&#8212;other</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(105</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2478">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2479">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_408_ecustom--TraditionalCommunicationswriteoffOfCapitalizedInternalUseSoftwareCosts_pn3n3_maOOIENzGym_zmt3hXT8KWd7" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">Traditional Communications&#8212;write-off of capitalized internal use software costs</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(237</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(1,419</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2483">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40A_ecustom--TraditionalCommunicationsCableTelephonyCustomerIndemnificationClaim_pn3n3_maOOIENzGym_z8Po1WJ7xk5l" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Traditional Communications&#8212;cable telephony customer indemnification claim</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2485">&#8212;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(3,925</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(96</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_400_ecustom--TraditionalCommunicationsContingentConsiderationLiability_pn3n3_maOOIENzGym_zCRWSCqqWFb1" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">Traditional Communications&#8212;increase in contingent consideration liability</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2489">&#8212;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(216</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2491">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_408_ecustom--TraditionalCommunicationsOther_pn3n3_maOOIENzGym_znlXbx83Dggj" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">Traditional Communications&#8212;other</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(329</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseNet_iT_pn3n3_mtOOIENzGym_zwZwRThI03ri" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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<p id="xdx_8A7_zE31khGziyYk" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>




<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Straight
Path Communications Inc. Class Action</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
discussed in Note 23, the Company (as well as other defendants) was named in a class action on behalf of the stockholders of the Company&#8217;s
former subsidiary, Straight Path Communications Inc. (&#8220;Straight Path&#8221;). The Company incurred legal fees and recorded offsetting
gains from insurance claims related to this action in fiscal 2024, fiscal 2023, and fiscal 2022. In fiscal 2024, the Company received
the final payment from its insurance policy for these claims. On October 3, 2023, the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware dismissed
all claims against the Company, and found that, contrary to the plaintiffs&#8217; allegations, the class suffered no damages. The plaintiffs
will have 30 days from entry of the final order to file an appeal.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Grow
New Jersey Assistance Act Tax Credit</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
September 2017, the Company, the Company&#8217;s subsidiary IDT Domestic Telecom, Inc. (&#8220;IDT DT&#8221;), and certain other affiliates
were certified by the New Jersey Economic Development Authority (&#8220;NJEDA&#8221;) as having met the requirements of the Grow New
Jersey Assistance Act Tax Credit Program. The program provides for credits against a corporation&#8217;s New Jersey corporate business
tax liability for maintaining a minimum number of employees in New Jersey, and that tax credits may be sold subject to certain conditions.
On June 5, 2023, the Company received a 2019 tax credit certificate for $<span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--TaxCreditCarryforwardAmount_iI_pn5n6_c20230605__us-gaap--IncomeTaxAuthorityNameAxis__custom--NewJerseyEconomicDevelopmentAuthorityMember_z0CVthl6Wb03" title="Tax credit">1.8</span> million from the NJEDA. In August 2023, the Company sold
the certificate for cash of $<span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--Cash_iI_pn5n6_c20230831__us-gaap--IncomeTaxAuthorityNameAxis__custom--NewJerseyEconomicDevelopmentAuthorityMember_z7TyoBp7SEMd" title="Cash">1.6</span> million.</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Contingent
Consideration Liabilities</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
fiscal 2024 and fiscal 2023, the Company determined that the requirements for the contingent consideration payments related to the
Leaf acquisition would likely not be met. The Company recognized gains in the Fintech segment of $<span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability1_pn5n6_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--FintechMember_z506MEHONkKd">1.8</span>
million and $<span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability1_pn5n6_c20220801__20230731__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--FintechMember_zEkD53X3ZRC7">1.6 </span>million
in fiscal 2024 and fiscal 2023, respectively, on the write-off of these contingent consideration payment obligations. Also, in
fiscal 2024 and fiscal 2022, the Company determined that the requirements for contingent consideration payments related to an
acquisition in a prior period would not be met. The Company recognized gains in the net2phone segment of $<span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability1_pn5n6_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--Net2phoneMember_zzno0gm0kAD1">0.1</span>
million and $<span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability1_pn5n6_c20210801__20220731__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--Net2phoneMember_zGlJFynz52e1">0.3</span>
million in fiscal 2024 and fiscal 2022, respectively, on the write-off of these contingent consideration payment obligations. In
fiscal 2023, the Company increased the estimated fair value of acquisition-related contingent consideration in its Traditional
Communications segment by $<span id="xdx_900_ecustom--TraditionalCommunicationsContingentConsiderationLiability_pn5n6_c20220801__20230731__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--TraditionalCommunicationsSegmentMember_zrDVaJggtd9a" title="Estimated fair value of acquisition related contingent consideration liability">0.2</span>
million.</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Government
Grants</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
fiscal 2023 and fiscal 2022, Leaf received payments from government grants for the development and commercialization of blockchain-backed
financial technologies.</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Write-off
of Capitalized Internal Use Software Costs</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font: normal 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font: normal 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">In
fiscal 2024 and fiscal 2023, the Company reduced its unamortized capitalized internal use software costs for internal use software that
was taken out of service and recorded expense of $<span id="xdx_907_ecustom--WriteOffOfCapitalizedInternalUseSoftwareCosts_pn5n6_c20230801__20240731_ztgvuSLdHgc3" title="Write-off of capitalized internal use software costs">0.3 </span>million and $<span id="xdx_903_ecustom--WriteOffOfCapitalizedInternalUseSoftwareCosts_pn5n6_c20220801__20230731_zZ5oGJZeTZp5" title="Write-off of capitalized internal use software costs">1.4</span> million, respectively.</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Indemnification
Claim</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Beginning
in June 2019, as part of a commercial resolution, the Company indemnified a cable telephony customer related to patent infringement claims
brought against the customer. On May 8, 2023, the Company and the customer agreed to release the Company from the indemnification agreement
in exchange for $<span id="xdx_900_ecustom--TraditionalCommunicationsCableTelephonyCustomerIndemnificationClaim_pn5n6_c20230508__20230508__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--IndemnificationAgreementMember_zjpC7u3gaAl3" title="Traditional communications cable telephony customer indemnification claim">3.9</span> million.</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>



<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.3</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm45266247463456">
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<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Revolving Credit Facility<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2024</div></th></tr>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>Debt Disclosure [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtDisclosureTextBlock', window );">Revolving Credit Facility</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_800_eus-gaap--DebtDisclosureTextBlock_zfuCJFhkVxF" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Note
15&#8212;<span id="xdx_820_zRou42CqYg9">Revolving Credit Facility</span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company&#8217;s subsidiary, IDT Telecom, Inc. (&#8220;IDT Telecom&#8221;), entered into a credit agreement, dated as of May 17, 2021,
with TD Bank, N.A. for a revolving credit facility for up to a maximum principal amount of $<span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity_iI_pn5n6_c20210517__us-gaap--CreditFacilityAxis__us-gaap--RevolvingCreditFacilityMember__us-gaap--LineOfCreditFacilityAxis__custom--TDBankMember_zincVFCdeKSj" title="Line of credit facility, maximum borrowing capacity">25.0</span> million. As of July 15, 2024 and July
28, 2023, IDT Telecom and TD Bank, N.A. amended certain terms of the credit agreement. IDT Telecom may use the proceeds to finance working
capital requirements and for certain closing costs of the facility. At July 31, 2024 and 2023, there were <span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--LineOfCredit_iI_pn5n6_do_c20240731__us-gaap--CreditFacilityAxis__us-gaap--RevolvingCreditFacilityMember__us-gaap--LineOfCreditFacilityAxis__custom--TDBankMember_ziocsmSPpTI5" title="Outstanding line of credit"><span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--LineOfCredit_iI_pn5n6_do_c20230731__us-gaap--CreditFacilityAxis__us-gaap--RevolvingCreditFacilityMember__us-gaap--LineOfCreditFacilityAxis__custom--TDBankMember_ziyqmlUajN9e" title="Outstanding line of credit">no</span></span> amounts outstanding under
this facility. In fiscal 2024, fiscal 2023, and fiscal 2022, IDT Telecom borrowed and repaid an aggregate of $<span><span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--ProceedsFromLinesOfCredit_pn5n6_c20230801__20240731__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--IDTTelecomMember_zzyNaPlrbj2h" title="Proceeds from lines of credit"><span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--RepaymentsOfLinesOfCredit_pn5n6_c20230801__20240731__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--IDTTelecomMember_z7QUZidGO772" title="Repayments of lines of credit">32.9</span></span></span> million, $<span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--RepaymentsOfLinesOfCredit_pn5n6_c20220801__20230731__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--IDTTelecomMember_zEKGL5gPz0Ve" title="Repayments of lines of credit"><span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--ProceedsFromLinesOfCredit_pn5n6_c20220801__20230731__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--IDTTelecomMember_z3fhP6qOdMBl" title="Proceeds from lines of credit">27.4</span></span> million,
and $<span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--RepaymentsOfLinesOfCredit_pn5n6_c20210801__20220731__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--IDTTelecomMember_z6j7fxTzcVTg" title="Repayments of lines of credit"><span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--ProceedsFromLinesOfCredit_pn5n6_c20210801__20220731__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--IDTTelecomMember_zZv6vkHw3my6" title="Proceeds from lines of credit">2.6</span></span> million, respectively, under the facility. <span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--LineOfCreditFacilityDescription_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--CreditFacilityAxis__us-gaap--RevolvingCreditFacilityMember__us-gaap--LineOfCreditFacilityAxis__custom--TDBankMember_zh0iPTZONgVe" title="Credit facility, description">The revolving credit facility is secured by primarily all of IDT Telecom&#8217;s
assets. The principal outstanding bears interest per annum at the secured overnight financing rate published by the Federal Reserve Bank
of New York plus 10 basis points, plus depending upon IDT Telecom&#8217;s leverage ratio as computed for the most recent fiscal quarter,
125 to 175 basis points. Interest is payable monthly, and all outstanding principal and any accrued and unpaid interest is due on <span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentMaturityDate_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--CreditFacilityAxis__us-gaap--RevolvingCreditFacilityMember__us-gaap--LineOfCreditFacilityAxis__custom--TDBankMember_zlZGy2rCQGK4" title="Debt instrument maturity date">May
16, 2026</span>. IDT Telecom pays a quarterly unused commitment fee of 10 basis points on the average daily balance of the unused portion of
the $<span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--LineOfCreditFacilityRemainingBorrowingCapacity_iI_pn5n6_c20210517__us-gaap--CreditFacilityAxis__us-gaap--RevolvingCreditFacilityMember__us-gaap--LineOfCreditFacilityAxis__custom--TDBankMember_z0mWAllhpsYa" title="Revolving credit, unused portion amount">25.0</span> million commitment.</span> IDT Telecom is required to comply with various affirmative and negative covenants as well as maintain certain
targets based on financial ratios during the term of the revolving credit facility. As of July 31, 2024 and 2023, IDT Telecom was in
compliance with all of the covenants.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
the first quarter of fiscal 2025 through October 7, 2024, IDT Telecom borrowed and repaid an aggregate of $<span><span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--ProceedsFromLinesOfCredit_pn5n6_c20240801__20241007__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--IDTTelecomMember__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember_z6M2jYEP4Qwa" title="Proceeds from lines of credit"><span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--RepaymentsOfLinesOfCredit_pn5n6_c20240801__20241007__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--IDTTelecomMember__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember_zZgnGKeA9Ghh" title="Repayments of lines of credit">14.2</span></span></span> million under the facility.</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for information about short-term and long-term debt arrangements, which includes amounts of borrowings under each line of credit, note payable, commercial paper issue, bonds indenture, debenture issue, own-share lending arrangements and any other contractual agreement to repay funds, and about the underlying arrangements, rationale for a classification as long-term, including repayment terms, interest rates, collateral provided, restrictions on use of assets and activities, whether or not in compliance with debt covenants, and other matters important to users of the financial statements, such as the effects of refinancing and noncompliance with debt covenants.</p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.3</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm45266145570720">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Accrued Expenses<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
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<tr><th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2024</div></th></tr>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PayablesAndAccrualsAbstract', window );"><strong>Payables and Accruals [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilitiesDisclosureTextBlock', window );">Accrued Expenses</a></td>
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16&#8212;<span id="xdx_828_zxvh5CY6CUXl">Accrued Expenses</span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p id="xdx_898_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfAccruedLiabilitiesTableTextBlock_z6M5olBuOJBf" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Accrued
expenses consist of the following:</span></p>

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    <td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 16%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">18,301</td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">18,858</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">1,637</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">3,434</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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    <td>Commissions</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">6,128</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">4,164</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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    <td style="text-align: left">Legal and professional fees</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">3,539</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">8,751</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">10,557</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">11,612</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">TOTAL</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">103,176</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">110,796</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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<p id="xdx_8A1_zEMY5Z74QAo5" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for accounts payable and accrued liabilities at the end of the reporting period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(20))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(24))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 720<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483384/720-30-45-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(19)(a))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.3</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm45266149367200">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2024</div></th></tr>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NoncontrollingInterestAbstract', window );"><strong>Noncontrolling Interest [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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17&#8212;<span id="xdx_825_z1F5rOCCBBX1">Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest</span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On
September 29, 2021, NRS sold shares of its Class B common stock representing <span id="xdx_90E_ecustom--SaleOfStockPercentageOfSubsidiaryEquityIssuedInTransaction_pid_dp_uPure_c20210928__20210929__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember_zSqeApr5CCB6" title="Capital stock outstanding percentage">2.5</span>% of its outstanding capital stock on a fully diluted
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redeem all or any portion of the NRS common shares that it purchased at the per share purchase price during a period of 182 days following
the fifth anniversary of this transaction. The redemption right shall terminate upon the consummation of (i) a sale of NRS or its assets
for cash or securities that are listed on a national securities exchange, (ii) a public offering of NRS&#8217; securities, or (iii) a
distribution of NRS&#8217; capital stock following which NRS&#8217; common shares are listed on a national securities exchange.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
shares of NRS&#8217; Class B common stock sold to Alta Fox have been classified as mezzanine equity in the accompanying consolidated
balance sheet because they may be redeemed at the option of Alta Fox, although the shares are not mandatorily redeemable. The carrying
amount of the shares includes the noncontrolling interest in the net income of NRS. The net income attributable to the mezzanine equity&#8217;s
noncontrolling interest during the periods were as follows:</span></p>

<p id="xdx_890_eus-gaap--RedeemableNoncontrollingInterestTableTextBlock_zEY6Y3wYj5b5" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;<span id="xdx_8BF_zq2vQjboq6I" style="display: none">Schedule of Net Income Attributable to Mezzanine Equity&#8217;s Noncontrolling Interest</span></span></span></span></span></p>

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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Year ended July 31</p>
                                               <p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">(in thousands)</p></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_493_20230801__20240731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember_zD3dTnTVFUbf" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_49A_20220801__20230731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember_zGnnhXT3FU7h" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_495_20210801__20220731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember_zqqrZlLFWeTj" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2022</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td></tr>
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    <td style="width: 52%; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Net income of NRS attributable to the mezzanine equity&#8217;s noncontrolling interest</td><td style="width: 2%; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 12%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">429</td><td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 2%; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 12%; text-align: right">281</td><td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 2%; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 12%; text-align: right">191</td><td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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<p id="xdx_8AB_zvWfpeSDqEV" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<span></span>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for noncontrolling interest in consolidated subsidiaries, which could include the name of the subsidiary, the ownership percentage held by the parent, the ownership percentage held by the noncontrolling owners, the amount of the noncontrolling interest, the location of this amount on the balance sheet (when not reported separately), an explanation of the increase or decrease in the amount of the noncontrolling interest, the noncontrolling interest share of the net Income or Loss of the subsidiary, the location of this amount on the income statement (when not reported separately), the nature of the noncontrolling interest such as background information and terms, the amount of the noncontrolling interest represented by preferred stock, a description of the preferred stock, and the dividend requirements of the preferred stock.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 810<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/810/tableOfContent<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.3</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm45266151813504">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Other Expense, Net<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2024</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherIncomeAndExpensesAbstract', window );"><strong>Other Income and Expenses [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherIncomeAndOtherExpenseDisclosureTextBlock', window );">Other Expense, Net</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_800_eus-gaap--OtherIncomeAndOtherExpenseDisclosureTextBlock_zpRu5kMvbphl" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Note
18&#8212;<span id="xdx_82D_zWy7RJiDP5Y4">Other Expense, Net</span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p id="xdx_893_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfOtherNonoperatingIncomeExpenseTableTextBlock_zkqEKgU4hTEc" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Other
expense, net consists of the following:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;<span id="xdx_8BB_z86FusejaW6b" style="display: none">Schedule of Other (Expense) Income, Net</span></span></span></span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Year ended July 31</p>
        <p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">(in thousands)</p></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_498_20230801__20240731_z36JOKwYY79e" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_49F_20220801__20230731_zoDKX3hHCZAk" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_49B_20210801__20220731_zBwUmhxZa5z2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2022</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossRealized_pn3n3_maNIEzeRA_z0AaV6BZRtCj" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 52%; text-align: left">Foreign currency transaction (losses) gains</td><td style="width: 2%; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 12%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(3,787</td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 12%; text-align: right">3,353</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 12%; text-align: right">(1,742</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_406_eus-gaap--IncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments_pn3n3_maNIEzeRA_zSBCph4t6zS" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Equity in net loss of investee</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(3,463</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(3,095</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(2,951</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_409_eus-gaap--GainLossOnInvestments_pn3n3_maNIEzeRA_zB0r4b9mOYag" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">Gains (losses) on investments</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">229</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(2,613</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(19,248</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_406_eus-gaap--OtherIncome_pn3n3_maNIEzeRA_z97hnXwIeCP9" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">Other</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(591</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(728</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(1,411</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--NonoperatingIncomeExpense_iT_pn3n3_mtNIEzeRA_zqOAJ70nKitk" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">TOTAL</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(7,612</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(3,083</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(25,352</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
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<p id="xdx_8AD_zk9XJdYebFte" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>




<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<span></span>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for other income or other expense items (both operating and nonoperating). Sources of nonoperating income or nonoperating expense that may be disclosed, include amounts earned from dividends, interest on securities, profits (losses) on securities, net and miscellaneous other income or income deductions.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 720<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/720/tableOfContent<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 610<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/610/tableOfContent<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.3</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm45266148662096">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Income Taxes<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2024</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureTextBlock', window );">Income Taxes</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_80E_eus-gaap--IncomeTaxDisclosureTextBlock_zVQH4fYRRsH6" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Note
19&#8212;<span id="xdx_828_z5FoXNBtwtn8">Income Taxes</span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p id="xdx_896_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfIncomeBeforeIncomeTaxDomesticAndForeignTableTextBlock_zT2020CkdFd5" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
components of income before income taxes are as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_8B9_zcaHtjPe8yX" style="display: none">Components
of Income Before Income Taxes</span>&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Year ended July 31</p>
        <p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">(in thousands)</p></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_49C_20230801__20240731_z2Z2ul9ZGS4" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_494_20220801__20230731_zDPgBKXcMMv9" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_491_20210801__20220731_z90AgfjeUD76" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2022</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40A_eus-gaap--IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesDomestic_pn3n3_maILFCOzB94_z0H7aSFeADBc" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 52%">Domestic</td><td style="width: 2%; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 12%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">56,316</td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 12%; text-align: right">48,036</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 12%; text-align: right">25,025</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_409_eus-gaap--IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesForeign_pn3n3_maILFCOzB94_zIU5cwBEQB92" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">Foreign</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">5,594</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">12,771</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">9,858</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest_iT_pn3n3_mtILFCOzB94_zqqXnoUxvg0e" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">INCOME BEFORE INCOME TAXES</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">61,910</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">60,807</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">34,883</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  </table>

<p id="xdx_8A2_zNASH4sJT47b" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p id="xdx_89C_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfDeferredTaxAssetsAndLiabilitiesTableTextBlock_zjQAzPr0TQia" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Significant
components of the Company&#8217;s deferred income tax assets consist of the following:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_8B2_zI2tHIg4DGJe" style="display: none">Significant
Components of Deferred Income Taxes</span>&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">July 31</p>
        <p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">(in thousands)</p></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_49F_20240731_zUEgzn5GCmVc" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_495_20230731_zwq1aCKtYZM8" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">Deferred income tax assets:</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_406_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccrualsAllowanceForDoubtfulAccounts_iI_pn3n3_maDTAGzMOW_z6v4Cl904tG5" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; width: 60%; text-align: left">Bad debt reserve</td><td style="width: 2%; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 16%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">1,588</td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 16%; text-align: right">1,117</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccrualsAccruedLiabilities_iI_pn3n3_maDTAGzMOW_zk6ViEad1Hbj" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">Accrued expenses</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">2,897</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">4,825</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseCompensationAndBenefitsShareBasedCompensationCost_iI_pn3n3_maDTAGzMOW_zkyf4Zb8tlEl" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">Stock options and restricted stock</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">929</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">361</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxAssetsCharitableContributionCarryforwards_iI_pn3n3_maDTAGzMOW_zUNIEnkFTZAj" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">Charitable contributions</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">754</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">724</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt">Depreciation</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxAssetsPropertyPlantAndEquipment_iI_pn3n3_maDTAGzMOW_c20240731_zpY0cRCOBie1" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Depreciation, Assets">70</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxLiabilitiesPropertyPlantAndEquipment_iNI_pn3n3_di_msDTAGzMOW_c20230731_z2p3u4SWHszg" style="text-align: right" title="Depreciation, Liabilities">(585</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_409_ecustom--DeferredTaxLiabilitiesUnrealizedLossGainsOnTradingSecurities_iNI_pn3n3_di_msDTAGzMOW_z6m4SOiMAhm6" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">Unrealized gain</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">5,405</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">4,407</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40A_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwards_iI_pn3n3_maDTAGzMOW_zJvo0i8dbyrk" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">Net operating loss</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">36,967</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">23,870</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_409_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxAssetsGross_iTI_pn3n3_maDTALNzjVU_mtDTAGzMOW_zkFIQazc3n98" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">Total deferred income tax assets</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">48,610</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">34,719</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance_iNI_pn3n3_di_msDTALNzjVU_zmvKYYg9Kwt7" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">Valuation allowance</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(13,602</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(10,618</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxAssetsLiabilitiesNet_iTI_pn3n3_mtDTALNzjVU_zOhDVFNOcHZb" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">NET DEFERRED INCOME TAX ASSETS</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">35,008</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">24,101</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  </table>

<p id="xdx_8AF_zYybKVLGwZK4" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p id="xdx_897_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfComponentsOfIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitTableTextBlock_zbKNg6ZaLzx" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
(provision for) benefit from income taxes consist of the following:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_8B2_zqcZmUNZViIi" style="display: none">Schedule
of (Provision for) Benefits from Income Taxes</span>&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Year ended July 31</p>
                                               <p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">(in thousands)</p></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_491_20230801__20240731_zgmahbZPhy33" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_493_20220801__20230731_zWehofv64V9j" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_495_20210801__20220731_zahb6195lex1" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2022</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td>Current:</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40A_eus-gaap--CurrentFederalTaxExpenseBenefit_iN_pn3n3_di_maCITEBzYVZ_zb4hCu6mKGmf" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; width: 52%">Federal</td><td style="width: 2%; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 12%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(38</td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 12%; text-align: right">(47</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">)</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 12%; text-align: right">(45</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--CurrentStateAndLocalTaxExpenseBenefit_iN_pn3n3_di_maCITEBzYVZ_z35iDv0BQJNk" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">State and local</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(2,716</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(1,511</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(863</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_406_eus-gaap--CurrentForeignTaxExpenseBenefit_iN_pn3n3_di_maCITEBzYVZ_z7u2x6oZe7bg" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1pt">Foreign</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(724</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(1,275</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(729</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40C_eus-gaap--CurrentIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_iNT_pn3n3_di_mtCITEBzYVZ_maITEBz2xK_zAp3VOmmb6Ab" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="display: none; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Current</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(3,478</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(2,833</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(1,637</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td>Deferred:</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40B_eus-gaap--DeferredFederalIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_iN_pn3n3_di_maDITEBzjME_zpXY5BjZjzc1" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt">Federal</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">9,725</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(14,340</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(2,596</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--DeferredStateAndLocalIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_iN_pn3n3_di_maDITEBzjME_zvJeHr1NXzA7" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">State and local</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(261</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">16</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(19</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--DeferredForeignIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_iN_pn3n3_di_maDITEBzjME_zHM6sVUvBGSi" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1pt">Foreign</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">368</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">716</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(1,626</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_iNT_pn3n3_di_mtDITEBzjME_maITEBz2xK_zujMESpEYOA9" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="display: none; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Deferred</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">9,832</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(13,608</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(4,241</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_iNT_pn3n3_di_mtITEBz2xK_zn8e64wuNigg" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">BENEFIT FROM (PROVISION FOR) INCOME TAXES</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">6,354</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(16,441</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(5,878</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
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<p id="xdx_8A0_zz7FTqpcOWSe" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>




<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p id="xdx_898_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfEffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationTableTextBlock_zDmJssW6uss9" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
differences between income taxes expected at the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate and income taxes provided are as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_8B9_zJRU7hlueoei" style="display: none">Schedule
of Differences Between Income Taxes Expected Federal Statutory Income Taxes</span>&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Year ended July 31</p>
        <p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">(in thousands)</p></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_498_20230801__20240731_zQIRYTpUcoQl" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_491_20220801__20230731_zE8Z8BDeGYea" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_49C_20210801__20220731_zgJN1CDpi3qc" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2022</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--IncomeTaxReconciliationIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate_iN_pn3n3_di_maITEBzt8p_zElLPqSYl9ti" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 52%; text-align: left">U.S. federal income tax at statutory rate</td><td style="width: 2%; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 12%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(13,001</td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 12%; text-align: right">(12,770</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">)</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 12%; text-align: right">(7,325</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--IncomeTaxReconciliationChangeInDeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance_iN_pn3n3_di_maITEBzt8p_z5eSREebgLU5" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Valuation allowance</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">2,984</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">970</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">1,147</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--IncomeTaxReconciliationForeignIncomeTaxRateDifferential_iN_pn3n3_di_maITEBzt8p_zUfky1yoH022" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">Foreign tax rate differential</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(1,636</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(1,068</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(1,059</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_404_eus-gaap--IncomeTaxReconciliationNondeductibleExpenseOther_iN_pn3n3_di_maITEBzt8p_ztc6pfUL20Vl" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Nondeductible expenses</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(1,159</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(1,767</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">2,044</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>

  <tr id="xdx_40B_ecustom--IncomeTaxReconciliationRevaluationOfExistingForeignAttributes_iN_pn3n3_di_maITEBzt8p_zln59YDufQil" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">Revaluation of existing foreign attributes</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><p style="margin: 0">(2,886</p></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><p style="margin: 0"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2717">&#8212;</span></p></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><p style="margin: 0"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2718">&#8212;</span></p></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_403_eus-gaap--IncomeTaxReconciliationPriorYearIncomeTaxes_iN_pn3n3_di_maITEBzt8p_zjgpELpuWvPk" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Prior year benefit</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">23,622</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2721">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2722">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_403_eus-gaap--IncomeTaxReconciliationStateAndLocalIncomeTaxes_iN_pn3n3_di_maITEBzt8p_zfRvfFiA06X5" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">State and local income tax, net of federal benefit</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(1,855</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(1,181</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(686</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_406_eus-gaap--IncomeTaxReconciliationOtherAdjustments_iN_pn3n3_di_maITEBzt8p_zPdLiSXnDfNh" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">Other</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><p style="margin: 0">285</p></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(625</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">1</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_iNT_pn3n3_di_mtITEBzt8p_zlJsj6IGV341" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">BENEFIT FROM (PROVISION FOR) INCOME TAXES</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">6,354</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(16,441</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(5,878</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  </table>

<p id="xdx_8AB_zZwQhDfs2Jj8" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company&#8217;s cumulative undistributed foreign earnings are included in retained earnings in the Company&#8217;s consolidated balance
sheets and consisted of approximately $<span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--UndistributedEarningsOfForeignSubsidiaries_iI_pn6n6_c20240731_z3jNhweiA5h3" title="Undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries">297</span> million at July 31, 2024. The Company has concluded that the earnings remain permanently reinvested.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">At
July 31, 2024, the Company had U.S. federal net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $<span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--OperatingLossCarryforwards_iI_pn6n6_c20240731_zK84NwZwXNWf">86</span> million. These loss carryforwards
are available to offset future U.S. federal taxable income. <span id="xdx_901_ecustom--OperatingLossExpirationDescription_c20230801__20240731_z2MuamYEMfDk" title="Operating loss expiration description">U.S. federal net operating loss carryforwards of $<span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwardsSubjectToExpiration_iI_pn6n6_c20240731_zKaP09nC8Zmb" title="Net operating loss carryforwards subject to expiration">83</span> million expire in fiscal
2028 through fiscal 2038, and $<span id="xdx_90B_ecustom--DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwardsNoExpiration_pn6n6_c20230801__20240731_zXqtjcCCOEdc" title="Net operating loss carryforwards no expiration">3</span> million do not expire.</span> The Company has foreign net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $<span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwardsForeign_iI_pn6n6_c20240731_z8gOBTpkG0J" title="Foreign net operating loss carry forwards">74</span>
million, of which approximately $<span id="xdx_906_ecustom--ForeignNetOperatingLossCarryForwardsNoExpiration_iI_pn6n6_c20240731_z5h7CA13RQz1" title="Foreign net operating loss carry forwards no expiration">63</span> million does not expire, approximately $<span id="xdx_906_ecustom--ForeignNetOperatingLossCarryForwardsExpirationTwoToTenYears_iI_pn6n6_c20240731_zPFy1zucrpk1">10</span> million expires in two to ten years, and approximately
$<span id="xdx_90E_ecustom--ForeignNetOperatingLossCarryForwardsExpirationTwentyYears_iI_pn6n6_c20240731_zCZGCZld4YU7">1</span> million expires in twenty years. These foreign loss carryforwards are available to offset future taxable income in the countries in
which the losses were incurred. <span id="xdx_90A_ecustom--NetOperatingLossCarryForwardsYearOfExpiration_c20230801__20240731__srt--ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis__srt--SubsidiariesMember_zkgEi3vIBaT9" title="Net operating loss carryforwards year of expiratio, description">The Company&#8217;s subsidiary, net2phone, has additional U.S. federal net operating loss carryforwards
of approximately $<span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--OperatingLossCarryforwards_iI_pn6n6_c20240731__srt--ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis__srt--SubsidiariesMember_zyjXh5dcEh5b" title="Operating loss carryforwards">11</span> million, which will expire through fiscal 2027.</span> With the reacquisition of net2phone by the Company in March 2006,
its losses were limited under Internal Revenue Code (&#8220;IRC&#8221;) Section 382 to approximately $<span id="xdx_902_ecustom--SubsidiaryTaxNetOperatingLossCarryForwardsAnnualLimitAmountUnderInternalRevenueCode_pn6n6_c20230801__20240731__srt--ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis__srt--SubsidiariesMember_zOhFvAchPX66" title="Losses limited under internal revenue code">7</span> million per year. In fiscal 2024,
the Company had an IRC Section 382 study conducted on the reacquisition and the limitation was adjusted to $<span id="xdx_908_ecustom--SubsidiaryTaxNetOperatingLossCarryForwardsAnnualLimitAmountUnderInternalRevenueCodeAdjustedAmount_pn6n6_c20230801__20240731__srt--ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis__srt--SubsidiariesMember_z4cnegdB6hUg" title="Reacquisition and limitation">9</span> million per year. The Company
recorded a tax benefit related to the adjusted amount of $<span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_pn5n6_c20230801__20240731__srt--ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis__srt--SubsidiariesMember_z4ffMbDwpWV9" title="Income tax expense benefit">23.6</span> million in fiscal 2024. The net operating loss carryforwards do not include
any excess benefits related to stock options or restricted stock.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p id="xdx_89B_eus-gaap--SummaryOfValuationAllowanceTextBlock_z25n9Hf1aK16" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
change in the valuation allowance is as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_8B4_zdwUlEtM7O3" style="display: none">Summary
of Changes in Valuation Allowance</span>&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"><p style="text-align: left; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Year ended July 31</p>
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    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Balance at</p>
                    <p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">beginning of</p>
                    <p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">year</p></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Additions</p>
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    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">Deductions</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Balance at</p>
                    <p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">end of year</p></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">2024</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">Reserves deducted from deferred income taxes, net:</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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<p id="xdx_8A5_z1PQQTMc6EOj" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
fiscal 2024, the Company increased the valuation allowance by $<span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--ValuationAllowanceDeferredTaxAssetChangeInAmount_pn5n6_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--ValuationAllowancesAndReservesTypeAxis__custom--ValuationAllowanceUtilizedFutureExpenseMember_zGyQpCPs5zd3" title="Increase in valuation allowance">3.0</span> million, which included the establishment of a valuation allowance
of $<span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--ValuationAllowancesAndReservesChargedToCostAndExpense_pn5n6_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--ValuationAllowancesAndReservesTypeAxis__custom--ValuationAllowanceUtilizedFutureExpenseMember_ztAkuX5UjWHd" title="Valuation allowances and reserves charged to cost and expense">3.5</span> million for deferred income tax assets that were not more likely than not going to be utilized prior to expiration, net of a
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for profitability in the United Kingdom.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
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or disposal of previously valued deferred income tax assets and a release of $<span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--ValuationAllowancesAndReservesDeductions_pn5n6_c20220801__20230731__us-gaap--ValuationAllowancesAndReservesTypeAxis__custom--ValuationAllowanceUtilizedFutureExpenseMember_z1dvzyikx9Vl" title="Deductions">0.7</span> million for profitability in the United Kingdom, net
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>




<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">At
July 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company did not have any unrecognized income tax benefits. There were no changes in the balance of unrecognized
income tax benefits in fiscal 2024, fiscal 2023, and fiscal 2022. At July 31, 2024, the Company did not expect any changes in unrecognized
income tax benefits during the next twelve months. In fiscal 2024, fiscal 2023, and fiscal 2022, the Company did not record any interest
and penalties on income taxes. At July 31, 2024 and 2023, there was no accrued interest included in current income taxes payable.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company currently remains subject to examinations of its tax returns as follows: U.S. federal tax returns for fiscal 2021 to fiscal 2024,
state and local tax returns generally for fiscal 2020 to fiscal 2024, and foreign tax returns generally for fiscal 2020 to fiscal 2024.</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.3</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm45266146183168">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Equity<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2024</div></th></tr>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquityAbstract', window );"><strong>EQUITY:</strong></a></td>
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<td class="text"><p id="xdx_80A_eus-gaap--StockholdersEquityNoteDisclosureTextBlock_zyFTGolhLoqg" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Note
20&#8212;<span id="xdx_825_zD18aVDGfHjc">Equity</span></span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Class
A Common Stock and Class B Common Stock</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
rights of holders of Class A common stock and Class B common stock are identical except for certain voting and conversion rights and
restrictions on transferability. The holders of Class A common stock and Class B common stock receive identical dividends per share when
and if declared by the Company&#8217;s Board of Directors. In addition, the holders of Class A common stock and Class B common stock
have identical and equal priority rights per share in liquidation. The Class A common stock and Class B common stock do not have any
other contractual participation rights. The holders of Class A common stock are entitled to three votes per share and the holders of
Class B common stock are entitled to one-tenth of a vote per share. Each share of Class A common stock may be converted into one share
of Class B common stock, at any time, at the option of the holder. Shares of Class A common stock are subject to certain limitations
on transferability that do not apply to shares of Class B common stock.</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Dividend
Payments</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
March 2024, the Company&#8217;s Board of Directors initiated a quarterly cash dividend of $<span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--CommonStockDividendsPerShareCashPaid_c20240301__20240331__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--CommonClassAandBMember_zAxpf3RjSCZ9" title="Cash dividend per share">0.05</span> per share on the Company&#8217;s Class
A and Class B common stock. In fiscal 2024, the Company paid aggregate cash dividends of $<span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--PaymentsOfDividends_pn5n6_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--CommonClassAandBMember_z1Q6ZtSEqTd" title="Cash dividend">2.5</span> million on its Class A and Class B common
stock.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
September 2024, the Company&#8217;s Board of Directors declared a dividend of $<span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--CommonStockDividendsPerShareDeclared_c20240901__20240930__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--CommonClassAandBMember__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember_zt8JBgpK8y6j" title="Dividends declared  per share">0.05</span> per share to holders of the Company&#8217;s Class
A and Class B common stock. The dividend was paid on <span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--DividendPayableDateToBePaidDayMonthAndYear_c20240901__20240930__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--CommonClassAandBMember__us-gaap--DividendsAxis__custom--O2024Q2DividendsMember__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember_zI4NidhLJW4l" title="Dividend paid date">October 7, 2024</span> to stockholders of record as of the close of business on <span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--DividendsPayableDateOfRecordDayMonthAndYear_c20240901__20240930__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--CommonClassAandBMember__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember__us-gaap--DividendsAxis__custom--O2024Q2DividendsMember_ztz6v5i2Q7E7" title="Dividend record date">September
30, 2024</span>.</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Stock
Repurchases</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company has an existing stock repurchase program authorized by its Board of Directors for the repurchase of shares of the Company&#8217;s
Class B common stock. The Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to <span id="xdx_90B_esrt--StockRepurchaseProgramNumberOfSharesAuthorizedToBeRepurchased_iI_pn5n6_c20240731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--ClassBCommonStockMember_zS9Dgvt88NJa">8.0</span> million shares in the aggregate. In fiscal 2024,
the Company repurchased <span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--TreasuryStockSharesAcquired_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--ClassBCommonStockMember_zeBGUhg1wrn2">298,421</span> shares of Class B common stock for an aggregate purchase price of $<span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--TreasuryStockValueAcquiredCostMethod_pn5n6_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--ClassBCommonStockMember_z2ozAVChCOz7">9.1</span> million. In fiscal 2023, the Company
repurchased <span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--TreasuryStockSharesAcquired_c20220801__20230731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--ClassBCommonStockMember_zrDWZWZhZOPc">511,546</span> shares of Class B common stock for an aggregate purchase price of $<span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--TreasuryStockValueAcquiredCostMethod_pn5n6_c20220801__20230731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--ClassBCommonStockMember_zcldK2gZqjN6">13.1</span> million. In fiscal 2022, the Company repurchased
<span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--TreasuryStockSharesAcquired_c20210801__20220731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--ClassBCommonStockMember_z2fpzP8P5224">554,744</span> shares of Class B common stock for an aggregate purchase price of $<span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--TreasuryStockValueAcquiredCostMethod_pn5n6_c20210801__20220731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--ClassBCommonStockMember_zPHG1b92hH7e">13.4</span> million. At July 31, 2024, <span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--StockRepurchaseProgramRemainingNumberOfSharesAuthorizedToBeRepurchased_iI_pn5n6_c20240731_zwMqiHsrfm4j">4.4</span> million shares remained
available for repurchase under the stock repurchase program.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
the first quarter of fiscal 2025 through October 7, 2024, the Company repurchased <span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--TreasuryStockSharesAcquired_c20240801__20241007__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--ClassBCommonStockMember_zXl70QDSS7Qd" title="Number of shares repurchased">37,714</span> shares of its Class B common stock for an
aggregate purchase price of $<span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--TreasuryStockValueAcquiredCostMethod_pn5n6_c20240801__20241007__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--ClassBCommonStockMember_zXLLNPJ1efei" title="Aggregate purchase price">1.3</span> million.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
fiscal 2024, fiscal 2023, and fiscal 2022, the Company paid $<span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--TreasuryStockValueAcquiredCostMethod_pn5n6_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--ClassBCommonStockMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--EmployeesMember_zzzdS111kaf6" title="Aggregate purchase price of shares repurchased">1.5</span> million, $<span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--TreasuryStockValueAcquiredCostMethod_pn5n6_c20220801__20230731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--ClassBCommonStockMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--EmployeesMember_zLbCMKL3w5ad" title="Aggregate purchase price of shares repurchased">0.8</span> million, and $<span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--TreasuryStockValueAcquiredCostMethod_pn5n6_c20210801__20220731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--ClassBCommonStockMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--EmployeesMember_zQkRBdRG3Js5" title="Aggregate purchase price of shares repurchased">9.0</span> million, respectively, to repurchase
<span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--TreasuryStockSharesAcquired_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--ClassBCommonStockMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--EmployeesMember_zHUdUUlwIude" title="Class B common stock shares repurchased">41,994</span>; <span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--TreasuryStockSharesAcquired_c20220801__20230731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--ClassBCommonStockMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--EmployeesMember_zj0ElPxb2vc4" title="Class B common stock shares repurchased">28,227</span>; and <span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--TreasuryStockSharesAcquired_c20210801__20220731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--ClassBCommonStockMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--EmployeesMember_znQhakPHFc4h" title="Class B common stock shares repurchased">200,438</span>; respectively, of the Company&#8217;s Class B common stock that were tendered by employees of the Company
to satisfy the employees&#8217; tax withholding obligations in connection with the vesting of deferred stock units (&#8220;DSUs&#8221;),
the lapsing of restrictions on restricted stock, and shares issued for bonus payments. Such shares were repurchased by the Company based
on their fair market value as of the close of business on the trading day immediately prior to the vesting date.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>




<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Exchange
of NRS Equity for Shares of the Company&#8217;s Class B Common Stock and Cash</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
June 2024, the Company initiated a tender offer to purchase <span id="xdx_90C_ecustom--TenderOfferNRSOutstandingDSUsPercentage_pid_dp_c20240601__20240630__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--ClassBCommonStockMember__us-gaap--SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis__custom--NRSAndDSUMember_zTaH5Jwokwz4" title="Tender offer NRS outstanding DSUs percentage">10</span>%
of each qualified holder&#8217;s outstanding DSUs of NRS in exchange for cash or shares of the Company&#8217;s Class B common stock.
In July 2024, certain qualified holders tendered and sold an aggregate of <span id="xdx_90C_ecustom--SaleOfDSUNumberOfDSUSold_pid_c20240701__20240731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--ClassBCommonStockMember__us-gaap--SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis__custom--NRSAndDSUMember_zWi0ZtZ34FMk" title="Sale of DSU number of DSU sold">199,687</span>
NRS DSUs to the Company, and, as a condition of the tender offer, each DSU seller granted to the Company an option, exercisable in
the Company&#8217;s sole discretion for a period of one year, to purchase an additional aggregate <span id="xdx_90F_ecustom--SaleOfDSUNumberOfDSUSubjectToOptionToPurchase_c20240701__20240731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--ClassBCommonStockMember__us-gaap--SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis__custom--NRSAndDSUMember_zhuE6sMxFoTd" title="Sale of DSU number of DSU subject to option to purchase">199,687</span>
DSUs at the same purchase price. In addition, in July 2024, certain holders of NRS DSUs and shares of NRS&#8217; Class B common
stock sold an aggregate of <span id="xdx_905_ecustom--SaleOfDSUAndCommonStockNumberOfDSUSold_pid_c20240701__20240731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--ClassBCommonStockMember__us-gaap--SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis__custom--NRSAndDSUMember_z3TcTfGRLoj" title="Sale of DSU and common stock number of DSU sold">10,000</span>
NRS DSUs and <span id="xdx_905_ecustom--SaleOfDSUAndCommonStockNumberOfSharesOfCommonStockSold_pid_c20240701__20240731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--ClassBCommonStockMember__us-gaap--SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis__custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember_zWlWvOuYOaQb" title="Sale of DSU and common stock number of shares of common stock sold">142,500</span>
shares of NRS&#8217; Class B common stock to the Company, and, each of these sellers granted to the Company an option, exercisable
in the Company&#8217;s sole discretion for a period of one year, to purchase an additional aggregate <span id="xdx_90A_ecustom--SaleOfDSUAndCommonStockNumberOfDSUSubjectToOptionToPurchase_pid_c20240701__20240731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--ClassBCommonStockMember__us-gaap--SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis__custom--NRSAndDSUMember_zz9toTg17ar1" title="Sale of DSU and common stock number of DSU subject to option to purchase">10,000</span>
NRS DSUs and <span id="xdx_90E_ecustom--SaleOfDSUAndCommonStockNumberOfSharesOfCommonStockSubjectToOptionToPurchase_pid_c20240701__20240731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--ClassBCommonStockMember__us-gaap--SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis__custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember_zTzd8a1RgoUj" title="Sale of DSU and common stock number of DSU subject to option to purchase">142,500</span>
shares of NRS&#8217; Class B common stock with the purchase price to be paid in shares of the Company&#8217;s Class B common stock
with a value based on an average closing price of the Company&#8217;s Class B common stock at the time of the exercise notice. The
NRS DSUs and shares in the exchange represented an aggregate of <span id="xdx_906_ecustom--PurchaseOfDSUAndStockPercentageOfSubsidiaryEquityPurchasedInTransaction_pid_dp_c20240701__20240731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--ClassBCommonStockMember__us-gaap--SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis__custom--NRSMember_zOug2Zsj5SS2" title="Purchase of DSU and stock percentage of subsidiary equity purchase in transaction">0.2</span>%
of NRS&#8217; outstanding capital stock on a fully diluted basis. The NRS DSUs and shares were exchanged for an aggregate of <span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--CommonStockSharesIssued_iI_pid_c20240731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--ClassBCommonStockMember__us-gaap--SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis__custom--NRSAndDSUMember_zlFPKolAzdhg" title="Common stock issued">13,042</span>
and <span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--CommonStockSharesIssued_iI_pid_c20240831__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--ClassBCommonStockMember__us-gaap--SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis__custom--NRSAndDSUMember__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember_zt1JaKt3LEZi" title="Common stock issued">12,094</span>
shares of the Company&#8217;s Class B common stock that were issued in July 2024 and August 2024, respectively, and cash of $<span id="xdx_905_ecustom--CashPaidForPurchaseOfSubsidiaryDSUAndSharesOfCommonStock_iI_pn5n6_c20240731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--ClassBCommonStockMember__us-gaap--SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis__custom--NRSAndDSUMember_zNtas94foVx5" title="Cash paid for purchase of subsidiary DSU and shares of common stock">0.1</span>
million, with an aggregate value of $<span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues_pn5n6_c20240701__20240731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--ClassBCommonStockMember__us-gaap--SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis__custom--NRSAndDSUMember_zpbAOEb8ZmQ1" title="Issuance of shares">1.0</span>
million based on agreed-upon valuations of the NRS DSUs and NRS Class B common stock and the market value of the Company&#8217;s Class B common stock at the time of issuance. The Company accounted for the exchange of
NRS&#8217; Class B common stock for shares of the Company&#8217;s Class B common stock as an equity transaction and recorded a
decrease in &#8220;Noncontrolling interests&#8221; and an increase in &#8220;Additional paid-in capital&#8221; of $<span id="xdx_90B_ecustom--StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueExchangeOfSharesForCommonStock_pn3d_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--ClassBCommonStockMember__us-gaap--SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis__custom--NRSAndDSUMember_zuLpsIBKtHGl" title="Additional paid in capital">13,000</span>,
based on the carrying amount of the <span id="xdx_90A_ecustom--NoncontrollingInterestPercentage_pid_dp_c20240701__20240731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--ClassBCommonStockMember_zHuVMDGneByj" title="Noncontrolling interest poercentage">0.09</span>%
noncontrolling interest in NRS. The Company accounted for the exchange of NRS&#8217; DSUs for shares of the Company&#8217;s Class B
common stock and cash as compensation expense and recorded stock-based compensation expense of $<span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensation_pn5n6_c20240701__20240731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--ClassBCommonStockMember_zisNYx0ERxH1" title="Share based compensation">0.5</span>
million based on the closing price of the shares of the Company&#8217;s Class B common stock on the date prior to the date that the
shares were issued plus the cash paid.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
January 2024, three management employees of NRS exchanged shares of NRS&#8217; Class B common stock that they held for shares of the
Company&#8217;s Class B common stock with an equal value. The NRS shares in the exchange represented an aggregate of <span id="xdx_900_ecustom--ExchangeOfOutstandingSharesPercentage_dp_uPure_c20240101__20240131__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_zyEZKbisqVwe" title="Exchange of outstanding shares percentage">1.25</span>%
of NRS&#8217; outstanding shares (<span id="xdx_90F_ecustom--ExchangeOfOutstandingSharesPercentageOnDilutedBasis_dp_uPure_c20240101__20240131__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_zTVgiluy25mf" title="Exchange of outstanding shares percentage on diluted basis">1.21</span>% on a fully diluted basis), which were exchanged for an aggregate of <span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues_c20240101__20240131__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_zAzfbuj0pcx" title="Number of shares during period">192,433</span>
shares of the Company&#8217;s Class B common stock. The Company accounted for the exchange as an equity transaction and recorded a
decrease in &#8220;Noncontrolling interests&#8221; and an increase in &#8220;Additional paid-in capital&#8221; of $<span id="xdx_90B_ecustom--StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueExchangeOfSharesForCommonStock_pn5n6_c20240101__20240131__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_z6M2yLwN4z4l" title="Exchange of NRS shares for Class B common stock">0.1</span>
million, based on the carrying amount of the <span id="xdx_90F_ecustom--ExchangeOfOutstandingSharesPercentage_dp_uPure_c20240101__20240131_zN84HYR9zYu5" title="Exchange of outstanding shares percentage">1.25</span>%
noncontrolling interest in NRS.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Stock
Issued to Certain Executive Officers for Bonus Payments</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
fiscal 2023, certain executive officers of the Company received performance bonuses for fiscal 2022 of an aggregate of $<span id="xdx_90E_ecustom--PerformanceBonusPaidInCashStock_pn5n6_c20220801__20230731__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__srt--ExecutiveOfficerMember_z6F3cOgedimh" title="Performance bonus paid in cash stock">1.2</span> million,
of which one-half was paid in cash and one-half was paid in shares of the Company&#8217;s Class B common stock. The Company issued <span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues_c20220801__20230731__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__srt--ExecutiveOfficerMember__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_zIaaxBSXLbnk" title="Issuance of shares">24,543</span>
shares of its Class B common stock with an issue date value of $<span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues_pn5n6_c20220801__20230731__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__srt--ExecutiveOfficerMember__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_zazsLrgDFn19" title="Issuance of shares, value">0.6</span> million for the bonus payments.</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<span></span>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for equity.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.3</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm45266151911360">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Stock-Based Compensation<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2024</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsSharebasedPaymentsAbstract', window );"><strong>Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsShareBasedPaymentsTextBlock', window );">Stock-Based Compensation</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_80A_eus-gaap--DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsShareBasedPaymentsTextBlock_zd11D1nslf6l" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Note
21&#8212;<span id="xdx_82E_zCnmk3urKGkj">Stock-Based Compensation</span></span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2024
Equity Incentive Plan</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On
December 13, 2023, the Company&#8217;s stockholders approved the adoption of the Company&#8217;s 2024 Equity Incentive Plan (the &#8220;2024
Plan&#8221;), which is intended to provide incentives to officers, employees, directors, and consultants of the Company, including stock
options, stock appreciation rights, DSUs, and restricted stock, from and after September 16, 2024. At July 31, 2024, the Company had
<span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAuthorized_iI_pid_c20231213__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--TwoThousandTwentyFourEquityIncentivePlanMember_z2eBVBrPx5Ua" title="Number of shares, grant">250,000</span> shares of Class B common stock reserved for the grant of awards under the 2024 Plan, all of which were available for future grants.</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2015
Stock Option and Incentive Plan</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
2015 Stock Option and Incentive Plan (the &#8220;2015 Plan&#8221;) was intended to provide incentives to officers, employees, directors,
and consultants of the Company, including stock options, stock appreciation rights, limited rights, DSUs, and restricted stock. The 2015
Plan expired on September 16, 2024. In fiscal 2024, fiscal 2023, and fiscal 2022, the Company&#8217;s stockholders approved amendments
to the 2015 Plan to increase the number of shares of the Company&#8217;s Class B common stock available for the grant of awards thereunder
by an additional <span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfAdditionalSharesAuthorized_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--TwoThousandFifteenStockOptionAndIncentivePlanMember_zwKkIK2g5g1e" title="Additional number of shares authorized">250,000</span>; <span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfAdditionalSharesAuthorized_c20220801__20230731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--TwoThousandFifteenStockOptionAndIncentivePlanMember_zYvnLwXA8uH6" title="Additional number of shares authorized">50,000</span>; and <span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfAdditionalSharesAuthorized_c20210801__20220731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--TwoThousandFifteenStockOptionAndIncentivePlanMember_zWq4GJk0JwHi" title="Additional number of shares authorized">175,000</span> shares, respectively.</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Stock
Options</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Option
awards have generally been granted with an exercise price equal to the market price of the Company&#8217;s stock on the date of
grant. <span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardVestingRights_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--FinancialInstrumentAxis__us-gaap--StockOptionMember_zr0mKxQprl15" title="Vesting description">Option
awards generally vest on a graded basis over three years of service and had ten-year contractual terms.</span> <span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross_do_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--FinancialInstrumentAxis__us-gaap--StockOptionMember_zm4JgDESd6nh" title="Options granted"><span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross_do_c20220801__20230731__us-gaap--FinancialInstrumentAxis__us-gaap--StockOptionMember_z4qgQi0V0ny4" title="Options granted"><span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross_do_c20210801__20220731__us-gaap--FinancialInstrumentAxis__us-gaap--StockOptionMember_zeqRVks4G0k3" title="Options granted">No</span></span></span>
option awards were granted in fiscal 2024, fiscal 2023, or fiscal 2022. When issued, the fair value of stock options is estimated on the date of
the grant using a Black-Scholes valuation model. Expected volatility is based on historical volatility of the Company&#8217;s Class
B common stock and other factors. The Company uses historical data on exercise of stock options, post vesting forfeitures and other
factors to estimate the expected term of the stock-based payments granted. The risk-free rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield
curve in effect at the time of grant.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>




<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p id="xdx_89D_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationStockOptionsActivityTableTextBlock_zRbQQelwnRPe" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">A
summary of stock option activity for the Company is as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_8BC_zSTp7HpiGvH1" style="display: none">Schedule
of Stock Option Activity</span>&#160;</span></p>

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                                              <p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Options (in</p>
                                              <p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">thousands)</p></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Weighted-</p>
                                              <p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Average</p>
                                              <p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Exercise Price</p></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right">&#160;</td>
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                                              <p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Average</p>
                                              <p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Remaining</p>
                                              <p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Contractual</p>
                                              <p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Term (in years)</p></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right">&#160;</td>
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                                              <p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Intrinsic Value</p>
                                              <p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">(in thousands)</p></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 10%; text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 3%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 10%; text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td>Granted</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriod_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_zMmZrCM6NzF6" style="text-align: right" title="Number of Options, Granted"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2909">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td>Exercised</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised_iN_pn3n3_di_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_z0kV40sjhS1e" style="text-align: right" title="Number of Options, Exercised">(12</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice_iN_pid_di_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_zAXZvyi1g2u8" style="text-align: right" title="Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Exercised">(13.72</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresAndExpirationsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice_iN_pid_di_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_zF2jHNOPfBc7" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Cancelled / Forfeited"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2919">&#8212;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">OUTSTANDING AT JULY 31, 2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98A_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber_iE_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_zvpdbUe2DqBc" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Number of Options, outstanding, Ending balance"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2921">&#8212;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice_iE_pid_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_zAm9e8x5pVhd" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Outstanding, Ending balance"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2923">&#8212;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2_dxL_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_zy3v6ZRry6Aa" title="Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term, Outstanding::XDX::P0Y"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2925">&#8212;</span></span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingIntrinsicValue_iE_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_zTPnEgg6dAyf" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Aggregate Intrinsic Value, Outstanding"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2927">&#8212;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">EXERCISABLE AT JULY 31, 2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableNumber_iE_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_zgX0joQuObmb" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Number of Options, Exercisable"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2929">&#8212;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageExercisePrice_iE_pid_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_zQNKqoSZzPBb" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Exercisable"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2931">&#8212;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm1_dxL_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_zOd06pyYk8G9" title="Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term, Exercisable::XDX::P0Y"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2933">&#8212;</span></span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableIntrinsicValue1_iE_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_zxEkL4NMZ3H5" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Aggregate Intrinsic Value, Exercisable"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2935">&#8212;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  </table>

<p id="xdx_8A9_zzGKF3FTkw0k" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
fiscal 2024, fiscal 2023, and fiscal 2022, the Company received cash from the exercise of stock options of $<span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised_pn5n6_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--FinancialInstrumentAxis__us-gaap--StockOptionMember_zeuRjgQmnDF1" title="Proceeds from stock options exercised">0.2</span> million, $<span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised_pn5n6_c20220801__20230731__us-gaap--FinancialInstrumentAxis__us-gaap--StockOptionMember_zVal4rFPhucg" title="Proceeds from stock options exercised">0.2</span> million,
and $<span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised_pn5n6_c20210801__20220731__us-gaap--FinancialInstrumentAxis__us-gaap--StockOptionMember_z64WmbghXcUh" title="Proceeds from stock options exercised">0.1</span> million, respectively, for which the Company issued <span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised_pid_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--FinancialInstrumentAxis__us-gaap--StockOptionMember_zc1uEdLZtjv1" title="Share-based compensation arrangement by share-based payment award, options, exercises in period">12,500</span>; <span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised_pid_c20220801__20230731__us-gaap--FinancialInstrumentAxis__us-gaap--StockOptionMember_zD2B6rCQ7izg" title="Share-based compensation arrangement by share-based payment award, options, exercises in period">12,500</span>; and <span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised_pid_c20210801__20220731__us-gaap--FinancialInstrumentAxis__us-gaap--StockOptionMember_zCUP3Cr6pEM3" title="Share-based compensation arrangement by share-based payment award, options, exercises in period">10,000</span> shares, respectively, of its Class B common stock.
In addition, in April 2022, Howard S. Jonas exercised stock options for <span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised_pn5n6_c20210801__20220731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--HowardSJonasMember_zIKx5SvvJIFa" title="Number of exercised of stock options shares">1.0</span> million shares of the Company&#8217;s Class B common stock
that were granted on May 2, 2017. The exercise price of these options was $<span id="xdx_90F_ecustom--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionExercisePrice_pid_c20210801__20220731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--HowardSJonasMember_ztuVLUklqLal" title="Exercise price of stock options">14.93</span> per share and the expiration date was <span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardExpirationDate_pid_dd_c20210801__20220731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--HowardSJonasMember_zUChDBihaE9j" title="Stock option expiration date">May 1, 2022</span>. Mr.
Jonas used <span id="xdx_904_ecustom--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesUsedForStockOptionsExercised_pid_c20210801__20220731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--HowardSJonasMember_zi11PkTuEBz1" title="Number of exercised of stock options shares">528,635</span> shares of the Company&#8217;s Class B common stock with a value of $<span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueStockOptionsExercised_pn5n6_c20210801__20220731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--HowardSJonasMember_z7oxyYG65tFf" title="Number of exercised of stock options, value">14.9</span> million to pay the aggregate exercise price
of the options. Mr. Jonas tendered <span id="xdx_90B_ecustom--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesUsedForTaxWithholding_pid_c20210801__20220731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--HowardSJonasMember_zITsHLFT03y7" title="Number of shares issued">137,364</span> shares of the Company&#8217;s Class B common stock with a value of $<span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--TreasuryStockValueAcquiredCostMethod_pn5n6_c20210801__20220731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--HowardSJonasMember_zMTVaBwjrl55" title="Number of shares issued, value">3.9</span> million to satisfy
a portion of his tax obligations in connection with his stock option exercises.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
total intrinsic value of options exercised during fiscal 2024, fiscal 2023, and fiscal 2022 was $<span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodTotalIntrinsicValue_pn5n6_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--FinancialInstrumentAxis__us-gaap--StockOptionMember_zrvchjXPHAX1" title="Share-based compensation arrangement by share-based payment award, options, exercises in period, intrinsic value">0.1</span> million, $<span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodTotalIntrinsicValue_pn5n6_c20220801__20230731__us-gaap--FinancialInstrumentAxis__us-gaap--StockOptionMember_zjR8HlFrKUrj" title="Share-based compensation arrangement by share-based payment award, options, exercises in period, intrinsic value">0.2</span> million, and $<span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodTotalIntrinsicValue_pn5n6_c20210801__20220731__us-gaap--FinancialInstrumentAxis__us-gaap--StockOptionMember_zNV11gE7eXve" title="Share-based compensation arrangement by share-based payment award, options, exercises in period, intrinsic value">19.7</span>
million, respectively. At July 31, 2024, there was no unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested stock options.</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Restricted
Stock</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
fair value of restricted shares of the Company&#8217;s Class B common stock is determined based on the closing price of the Company&#8217;s
Class B common stock on the grant date. <span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardVestingRights_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--RestrictedStockMember_zyA8GIZhNN89" title="Vesting description">Share awards generally vest on a graded basis over three years of service.</span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p id="xdx_89F_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfSharebasedCompensationRestrictedStockAndRestrictedStockUnitsActivityTableTextBlock_hus-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_zpcdTiKO0z07" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">A
summary of the status of the Company&#8217;s grants of restricted shares of Class B common stock is presented below:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_8B8_zXNElvDXrHq3" style="display: none">Schedule
of Grants of Restricted Shares</span>&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: right; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Number of</p>
                    <p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Non-vested</p>
                    <p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Shares</p>
                    <p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">(in thousands)</p></td><td style="text-align: right; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Weighted-</p>
                    <p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Average</p>
                    <p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Grant-</p>
                    <p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Date Fair</p>
                    <p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Value</p></td><td style="text-align: right; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 60%; text-align: left">Non-vested restricted shares at July 31, 2023</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber_iS_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_zKrSIz5SgEFl" style="width: 16%; text-align: right" title="Number of Non-vested Shares, Beginning Balance">25</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_iS_pid_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_zoCRfADpkB9b" style="width: 16%; text-align: right" title="Weighted- Average Grant- Date Fair Value, Beginning balance">19.09</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Granted</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_ziSZDbjwL9Sh" style="text-align: right" title="Number of Non-vested Shares, Granted">25</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_pid_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_zQBc4BdV33ng" style="text-align: right" title="Weighted- Average Grant- Date Fair Value, Granted">34.92</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">Vested</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriod_iN_pn3n3_di_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_zba58dI4fnjl" style="text-align: right" title="Number of Non-vested Shares, Vested">(18</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_iN_pid_di_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_z3CeNpOfO5Vk" style="text-align: right" title="Weighted- Average Grant- Date Fair Value, Vested">(37.33</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">Forfeited</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsForfeitedInPeriod_iN_pn3n3_di_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_zMKDxwyltxmi" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Number of Non-vested Shares, Forfeited">(1</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsForfeituresWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_iN_pid_di_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_z5mTXOk7BYb1" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Weighted- Average Grant- Date Fair Value, Forfeited">(31.80</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">NON-VESTED RESTRICTED SHARES AT JULY 31, 2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber_iE_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_zK0WSIbnrOF5" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Number of Non-vested Shares, Ending Balance">31</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_iE_pid_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_zdGkiW7uJpng" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Weighted- Average Grant- Date Fair Value, Ending balance">21.50</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  </table>


<p id="xdx_8A0_zFJajcDESKBl" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardVestingRights_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--RestrictedStockMember__us-gaap--AwardDateAxis__custom--FebruaryTwentyFiveTwoThousandTwentyFiveMember_zbsyyhpC1Uxk" title="Vesting description">There
are <span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber_iI_c20240731__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--RestrictedStockMember__us-gaap--AwardDateAxis__custom--FebruaryTwentyFiveTwoThousandTwentyFiveMember_zlahgRHOuLOc" title="Number of non-vested shares, vesting">24,000</span> non-vested restricted shares at July 31, 2024 included in the table above that will vest on February 25, 2025 only if the
Company&#8217;s Class B common stock closes above $50 per share for ten consecutive trading days prior to February 25, 2025, otherwise
the <span id="xdx_909_ecustom--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNumberSubjectToSpecialTerms_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--RestrictedStockMember__us-gaap--AwardDateAxis__custom--FebruaryTwentyFiveTwoThousandTwentyFiveMember_zicysBUilrFh" title="Number of non-vested shares special terms">24,000</span> restricted shares will be forfeited.</span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">At
July 31, 2024, there was $<span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedShareBasedAwardsOtherThanOptions_iI_pn5n6_c20240731__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--RestrictedStockMember_zjL4Gd1riOya">0.3</span> million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested restricted shares, which is expected
to be recognized over a weighted-average period of <span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedPeriodForRecognition1_dtY_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--RestrictedStockMember_zjdcJ7vXk3m2">0.9</span> years. The total grant date fair value of shares vested in fiscal 2024, fiscal
2023, and fiscal 2022 was $<span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriodTotalFairValue_pn5n6_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--RestrictedStockMember_zQ9jovDZZZPh">0.7</span> million, $<span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriodTotalFairValue_pn5n6_c20220801__20230731__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--RestrictedStockMember_zV4aFkzIGduf">0.5</span> million, and $<span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriodTotalFairValue_pn5n6_c20210801__20220731__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--RestrictedStockMember_zbZg2A1POyia">1.0</span> million, respectively.</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Deferred
Stock Units Equity Incentive Programs</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardDescription_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__custom--DeferredStockUnitsMember_zIiJNF7udLzd" title="Deferred stock units, description">On
November 30, 2022, the Company adopted an equity incentive program (under the 2015 Plan) in the form of grants of DSUs that, upon vesting,
will entitle the grantees to receive shares of the Company&#8217;s Class B common stock. The number of shares that will be issuable on
each vesting date will vary between 50% to 200% of the number of DSUs that vest on that vesting date, depending on the market price for
the underlying Class B common stock on the vesting date relative to the base price approved by the Compensation Committee of the Company&#8217;s
Board of Directors of $<span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--SharePrice_iI_pid_c20221130__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--BoardOfDirectorsMember_z3uzOWV1wgI" title="Share price">25.45</span> per share (which was based on the market price at the time of the initial grants under this program). On
February 21, 2024 and on May 17, 2023, in accordance with the program and based on certain elections made by grantees, the Company issued
<span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriod_pid_c20240221__20240221__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__custom--DeferredStockUnitsMember_zzFfaeD9leG7" title="Number of shares issued">53,706</span> and <span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriod_pid_c20230517__20230517__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__custom--DeferredStockUnitsMember_zmcRzYlqZT5g" title="Number of shares issued">41,945</span> shares, respectively, of its Class B common stock for vested DSUs. Subject to continued full time employment or other
services to the Company, the remaining <span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber_iI_c20250225__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__custom--DeferredStockUnitsMember__srt--StatementScenarioAxis__srt--ScenarioForecastMember_zPMvEbbAQGu2">147,540</span> DSUs are scheduled to vest on February 25, 2025, the final vesting date under the program.
The Company estimated that the fair value of the DSUs on the date of grants was an aggregate of $<span id="xdx_900_ecustom--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriodGrantDateFairValue_iI_pn5n6_c20240731__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__custom--DeferredStockUnitsMember_z4UBAQQgYJt7" title="Estimated fair value of DSUs on date of grant">5.4</span> million, which is being recognized
on a graded vesting basis over the requisite service periods ending in February 2025. The Company used a risk neutral Monte Carlo simulation
method in its valuation of the DSUs, which simulated the range of possible future values of the Company&#8217;s Class B common stock
over the life of the DSUs.</span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>




<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company had a prior equity incentive program in the form of DSUs that, upon vesting, entitled the grantees to receive shares of the Company&#8217;s
Class B common stock. On January 5, 2022, the Company issued <span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriod_c20220104__20220105__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__custom--DeferredStockUnitsMember_zZsrJQUHoC04" title="Number of shares issued">301,296</span> shares of its Class B common stock in respect of vested DSUs.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Effective
as of September 21, 2020, the Company granted <span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod_pid_c20200801__20210731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__custom--DeferredStockUnitsMember_zuDDwctnSkzb" title="Number of deferred stock units granted">4,000</span> DSUs that were not included in the program described above, which upon vesting, entitled
the grantee to receive shares of the Company&#8217;s Class B common stock. In fiscal 2024, fiscal 2023, and fiscal 2022, the Company
issued <span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriod_pid_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__custom--DeferredStockUnitsMember_z52fZleU8k57" title="Number of deferred stock units vested">1,333</span>, <span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriod_pid_c20220801__20230731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__custom--DeferredStockUnitsMember_z8bzt9MLt737" title="Number of deferred stock units vested">1,333</span>, and <span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriod_pid_c20210801__20220731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__custom--DeferredStockUnitsMember_zz9u12pQ7wVi" title="Number of deferred stock units vested">1,334</span> shares, respectively, of its Class B common stock in respect of the vesting of these DSUs.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p id="xdx_89B_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfSharebasedCompensationRestrictedStockAndRestrictedStockUnitsActivityTableTextBlock_zcBqyRP1siyf" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">A
summary of the status of the Company&#8217;s grants of DSUs is presented below:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_8BA_zrYFvvaKPMJf" style="display: none">Schedule
of Grants of Restricted Shares</span>&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: right; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Number of</p>
                                                           <p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Non-vested</p>
                                                           <p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">DSUs</p>
                                                           <p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">(in
thousands)</p></td><td style="text-align: right; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Weighted-</p>
                                                                              <p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Average</p>
                                                                              <p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Grant-</p>
                                                                              <p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Date Fair</p>
                                                                              <p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Value</p></td><td style="text-align: right; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 60%">Non-vested shares at July 31, 2023</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber_iS_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731_zJ6guxco9Xxb" style="width: 16%; text-align: right" title="Number of non vested , beginning balance">165</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98A_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_iS_pid_c20230801__20240731_zlc3QdT944Bl" style="width: 16%; text-align: right" title="Weighted- Average Grant- Date Fair Value, Beginning balance">27.38</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td>Granted</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731_z3q9hFWfRpeb" style="text-align: right" title="Number of non vested, granted">25</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_pid_c20230801__20240731_zLD9HxnUMNC2" style="text-align: right" title="Weighted- Average Grant- Date Fair Value, Granted">33.64</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td>Vested</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriod_iN_pn3n3_di_c20230801__20240731_zRv6U5HDPcNb" style="text-align: right" title="Number of non vested, vested">(40</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_iN_pid_di_c20230801__20240731_zmuKaJbgRRBb" style="text-align: right" title="Weighted- Average Grant- Date Fair Value, Vested">(26.03</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">Forfeited</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsForfeitedInPeriod_iN_pn3n3_di_c20230801__20240731_zuf0otXdJ8ff" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Number of non vested, forfeited">(2</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsForfeituresWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_iN_pid_di_c20230801__20240731_z0BFxuPExpEa" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Weighted- Average Grant- Date Fair Value, Forfeited">(28.67</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">NON-VESTED SHARES AT JULY 31, 2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber_iE_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731_zo1Z2kR5H6S4" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Number of non vested , ending balance">148</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_iE_pid_c20230801__20240731_zC2eZWDw2IZ6" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Weighted- Average Grant- Date Fair Value, Ending balance">28.79</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  </table>

<p id="xdx_8A0_zhc27MAzLRXa" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">At
July 31, 2024, there was $<span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedShareBasedAwardsOtherThanOptions_iI_pn5n6_c20240731__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__custom--DeferredStockUnitsMember_zk2yGwWZEmfi" title="Unrecognized compensation">0.6</span> million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested DSUs, which is expected to be recognized
over a weighted-average period of <span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedPeriodForRecognition1_dtY_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__custom--DeferredStockUnitsMember_zlWJQuHbMy92">0.4</span> years. The total grant date fair value of DSUs vested in fiscal 2024, fiscal 2023, and fiscal 2022
was $<span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriodTotalFairValue_pn5n6_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__custom--DeferredStockUnitsMember_zOazxyNUYaCc">1.1</span> million, $<span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriodTotalFairValue_pn5n6_c20220801__20230731__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__custom--DeferredStockUnitsMember_z1YYu4DpW0Si">0.9</span> million, and $<span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriodTotalFairValue_pn5n6_c20210801__20220731__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__custom--DeferredStockUnitsMember_zdty9dYHrZId">1.6</span> million, respectively.</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Amended
and Restated Employment Agreement with Abilio (&#8220;Bill&#8221;) Pereira</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On
December 21, 2023, the Company entered into an Amended and Restated Employment Agreement with Bill Pereira, the Company&#8217;s President
and Chief Operating Officer. The agreement provides for, among other things, certain equity grants, including <span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod_c20231221__20231221__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__custom--DeferredStockUnitsMember__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--AmendedAndRestatedEmploymentAgreementMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--BillPereiraMember__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_zbqWhWzNucqh">23,500</span> DSUs that, upon
vesting, represent the right to receive shares of the Company&#8217;s Class B common stock (which are included in the DSU table above),
and <span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod_c20231221__20231221__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--AmendedAndRestatedEmploymentAgreementMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--NetTwophoneTwoZeroIncMember__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_zo6ZLRrDoGAd">50,000</span> shares of Class B common stock of net2phone 2.0, as well as a contingent bonus subject to the completion of certain financial
milestones as set forth in the agreement. In fiscal 2024, two of these milestones were achieved, for which the Company issued to Mr.
Pereira <span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--AmendedAndRestatedEmploymentAgreementMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--BillPereiraMember__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_z29XEltnw6Id" title="Issuance of shares">39,155</span> shares of its Class B common stock in fiscal 2024 with an issue date value of $<span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues_pn5n6_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--AmendedAndRestatedEmploymentAgreementMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--BillPereiraMember__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_zaOmkPtRE7tj" title="Issuance of shares value">1.5</span> million, and the Company will issue
an additional <span id="xdx_90E_ecustom--StockToBeIssuedForMilestoneSharesNewIssues_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--AmendedAndRestatedEmploymentAgreementMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--BillPereiraMember__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_zWAvV5CcVrHd" title="Stock to be issued for milestone shares">39,155</span> shares of its Class B common stock in the first quarter of fiscal 2025. In fiscal 2024, the Company recorded aggregate
stock-based compensation expense of $<span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensation_pn5n6_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--IncomeStatementLocationAxis__us-gaap--SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpensesMember__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--AmendedAndRestatedEmploymentAgreementMember_zh0xn0sDP70l" title="Share based compensation">4.1</span> million related to these equity grants and the contingent bonus, which is included in &#8220;Selling,
general and administrative expense&#8221; in the accompanying consolidated statements of income.</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Stock
Issued to an Employee</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
fiscal 2023, the Company granted <span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod_c20220801__20230731__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--EmployeeMember__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_zY2N328DRBlc" title="Stock granted">15,000</span> shares of its Class B common stock to an employee. The Company recorded stock-based compensation
expense and an increase in &#8220;Additional paid-in capital&#8221; of $<span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensation_pn5n6_c20220801__20230731__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--EmployeeMember__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_zuzhDsZzQ9jh" title="Share based compensation">0.4</span> million for this grant, which was the fair value of the shares
on the grant date.</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">NRS
Restricted Common Stock</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Effective
as of June 30, 2022, restricted shares of NRS&#8217; Class B common stock representing <span id="xdx_90B_ecustom--StockIssuedDuringPeriodPercentageOfOutstandingSharesRestrictedStockAwardGross_pid_dp_uPure_c20220601__20220630__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--NRSCommonClassBMember_zf62qo2peNV7" title="Outstanding capital stock, percent">1.2</span>% of its outstanding capital stock on a fully
diluted basis were granted to certain NRS employees. The restrictions on the shares will lapse in three installments, the first was on
June 1, 2024, and the others are June 1, 2026, and June 1, 2027. The estimated fair value of the restricted shares on the grant date
was $<span id="xdx_908_ecustom--StockIssuedDuringPeriodRestrictedStockGrantDateFairValue_iI_pn5n6_c20220630__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--RestrictedStockMember_zHDAuJnlinEk" title="Aggregate estimated fair value on grant date recognized over the vesting period">3.3</span> million, which is being recognized over the vesting period. At July 31, 2024, unrecognized compensation cost related to NRS&#8217;
non-vested Class B common stock was an aggregate of $<span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedShareBasedAwardsOtherThanOptions_iI_pn5n6_c20240731__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--RestrictedStockMember_zdaS3INnWye1" title="Unrecognized compensation">1.9</span> million. The unrecognized compensation cost is expected to be recognized over
the remaining vesting period that ends in fiscal 2027.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
connection with the vesting of the restricted shares of NRS Class B common stock on June 1, 2024, the Company repurchased a portion of
the shares representing an aggregate of <span id="xdx_907_ecustom--RestrictedCommonStockWithholdingFromEmployeesOutstandingSharesPercentage_dp_c20240601__20240630__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember_zLsaPU3uLWtc" title="Restricted common stock with holding employees outstanding shares percentage">0.17</span>% of the outstanding shares of NRS with an aggregate fair value of $<span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--PaymentsRelatedToTaxWithholdingForShareBasedCompensation_pn5n6_c20240601__20240630__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_zvQM6fNKEKqi" title="Offsetting income tax withholding liability">0.6</span> million to satisfy
the grantees&#8217; tax withholding obligations in connection with the lapsing of restrictions on restricted stock. The fair value per
share of the NRS Class B common stock was based on a valuation of the total equity of NRS using a market approach and income approach.
The Company recorded a decrease in &#8220;Noncontrolling interests&#8221; of $<span id="xdx_908_ecustom--PaymentsRelatedToTaxWithholdingForShareBasedCompensationDecreaseInNoncontrollingInterests_c20240601__20240601__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember_zTCCCuV3yFzk" title="Decrease in non controlling interests">21,000</span> and a decrease in &#8220;Additional paid-in capital&#8221;
of $<span id="xdx_908_ecustom--PaymentsRelatedToTaxWithholdingForShareBasedCompensationDecreaseInAdditionalPaidInCapital_pn5n6_c20240601__20240601__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember_zMtnc9ZtIXB3" title="Decrease in additional paid in capital">0.6</span> million, and an offsetting income tax withholding liability of $<span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--PaymentsRelatedToTaxWithholdingForShareBasedCompensation_pn5n6_c20240601__20240601__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember_zP8xz2WM90Ml" title="Offsetting income tax withholding liability">0.6</span> million.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>




<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
February 2022, restricted shares of NRS&#8217; Class B common stock representing <span id="xdx_904_ecustom--StockIssuedDuringPeriodPercentageOfOutstandingSharesRestrictedStockAwardGross_pid_dp_uPure_c20220201__20220228__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--NRSCommonClassBMember_zWNVDAZQV2he" title="Outstanding capital stock, percent">0.4</span>% of its outstanding capital stock on a fully diluted
basis were granted to certain employees of the Company for services provided. The Company recorded stock-based compensation expense and
an increase in &#8220;Additional paid-in capital&#8221; of $<span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationRequisiteServicePeriodRecognitionValue_pn5n6_c20220201__20220228__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--NRSCommonClassBMember_zFrD2H1DLkKj" title="Stock based compensation">1.2</span> million for these grants, based on the estimated fair value on the grant
date.</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">net2phone
2.0, Inc. Restricted Common Stock</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On
December 31, 2020, a compensatory arrangement with each of Howard S. Jonas and Shmuel Jonas, the Company&#8217;s Chief Executive Officer,
was finalized. Howard S. Jonas and Shmuel Jonas each received <span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesRestrictedStockAwardGross_pn5n6_c20201231__20201231__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--NetTwoPhoneIncMember_zwDAIkfqyvea">0.5</span> million restricted shares of net2phone 2.0&#8217;s Class B common stock,
which represented an aggregate of <span id="xdx_906_ecustom--StockIssuedDuringPeriodPercentageOfOutstandingSharesRestrictedStockAwardGross_pid_dp_uPure_c20201230__20201231__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--NetTwoPhoneIncMember_zfV6akY5TnW2">10</span>% of net2phone 2.0&#8217;s issued and outstanding common stock at the time of the grant. <span id="xdx_909_ecustom--RestrictedStockContingentVestingArrangementsDescription_c20230801__20240731__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--NetTwoPhoneIncMember_zJNz7Q9quSRk" title="Restricted stock vesting arrangement, description">The shares
entitle each grantee to proceeds only on a sale, spin-off, initial public offering, or other monetization of net2phone 2.0 and have protection
from dilution for the first $15 million invested in net2phone 2.0 following the grant.</span> In January 2024, the restrictions lapsed on these
restricted shares. In addition, in January 2024, Bill Pereira was granted <span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod_c20240101__20240131__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--NetTwophoneTwoZeroIncMember_zNXYXWhkgoI3" title="Shares granted">50,000</span> shares of net2phone 2.0 Class B common stock in connection
with the agreement described above. The Company repurchased a portion of these shares representing an aggregate of <span id="xdx_902_ecustom--RestrictedCommonStockWithholdingFromEmployeesOutstandingSharesPercentage_pid_dp_uPure_c20240101__20240131__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--NetTwophoneTwoZeroIncMember_zUHldw19t89a" title="Restricted common stock with holding employees outstanding shares percentage">4.5</span>% of the outstanding
shares of net2phone 2.0 with an aggregate fair value of $<span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--PaymentsRelatedToTaxWithholdingForShareBasedCompensation_pn5n6_c20240101__20240131__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--NetTwophoneTwoZeroIncMember__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_zBUOjXTG4rra" title="Offsetting income tax withholding liability">3.6</span> million to satisfy the grantees&#8217; tax withholding obligations in connection
with the lapsing of restrictions on restricted stock or the grant of shares. The fair value per share of the net2phone 2.0 Class B common
stock was based on a valuation of the business enterprise using a market approach and income approach. The Company recorded an increase
in &#8220;Noncontrolling interests&#8221; of $<span id="xdx_901_ecustom--PaymentsRelatedToTaxWithholdingForShareBasedCompensationIncreaseInNoncontrollingInterests_c20240101__20240131__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--NetTwophoneTwoZeroIncMember_z6RjoNPLlvA6" title="Increase in non controlling interests">53,000</span> and a decrease in &#8220;Additional paid-in capital&#8221; of $<span id="xdx_906_ecustom--PaymentsRelatedToTaxWithholdingForShareBasedCompensationDecreaseInAdditionalPaidInCapital_pn4n6_c20240101__20240131__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--NetTwophoneTwoZeroIncMember_zw06peLBixSb" title="Decrease in additional paid-in capital">3.61</span> million, and
an offsetting income tax withholding liability of $<span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--PaymentsRelatedToTaxWithholdingForShareBasedCompensation_pn4n6_c20240101__20240131__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--NetTwophoneTwoZeroIncMember_zRHEKMi81XGb" title="Offsetting income tax withholding liability">3.6</span> million.</span></p>
<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.3</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm45266151918880">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2024</div></th></tr>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquityAbstract', window );"><strong>EQUITY:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNoteTextBlock', window );">Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_80E_eus-gaap--ComprehensiveIncomeNoteTextBlock_zSrLAA3rKQG7" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Note
22&#8212;<span id="xdx_82E_zKOIW8II8XPl">Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss</span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p id="xdx_894_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfAccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossTableTextBlock_zzM8fOswVGF9" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
accumulated balances for each classification of other comprehensive loss were as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_8B2_zdhJfzQCxiA3" style="display: none">Schedule
of Accumulated Balances for Each Classification of Other Comprehensive Income Income (Loss)</span></span></span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">(in thousands)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Unrealized</p>
                    <p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">loss on</p>
                    <p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">available-for-</p>
                    <p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">sale securities</p></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Foreign</p>
                    <p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">currency</p>
                    <p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">translation</p></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Accumulated</p>
                    <p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">other</p>
                    <p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">comprehensive</p>
                    <p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">loss</p></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 52%">Balance at July 31, 2021</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_iS_pn3n3_c20210801__20220731__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--AccumulatedNetUnrealizedInvestmentGainLossMember_zhUYAXLAzg69" style="width: 12%; text-align: right" title="Ending balance">(9</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">)</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_iS_pn3n3_c20210801__20220731__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--AccumulatedTranslationAdjustmentMember_za7mfTWEJCfc" style="width: 12%; text-align: right" title="Ending balance">(10,174</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">)</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_iS_pn3n3_c20210801__20220731_zyCp6KC0P6e3" style="width: 12%; text-align: right" title="Ending balance">(10,183</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">Other comprehensive loss attributable to IDT Corporation</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_pn3n3_c20210801__20220731__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--AccumulatedNetUnrealizedInvestmentGainLossMember_zdqgex1dDyz3" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Other comprehensive loss attributable to IDT Corporation">(537</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_pn3n3_c20210801__20220731__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--AccumulatedTranslationAdjustmentMember_zt6iDNuXcKNc" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Other comprehensive loss attributable to IDT Corporation">(585</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_pn3n3_c20210801__20220731_zIwPDwLNPozj" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Other comprehensive loss attributable to IDT Corporation">(1,122</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
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    <td>Balance at July 31, 2022</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_iS_pn3n3_c20220801__20230731__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--AccumulatedTranslationAdjustmentMember_zKhS6vzSeIB1" style="text-align: right" title="Beginning balance">(10,759</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">Other comprehensive loss attributable to IDT Corporation</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_pn3n3_c20220801__20230731__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--AccumulatedNetUnrealizedInvestmentGainLossMember_zp7z06R1PO6k" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Other comprehensive loss attributable to IDT Corporation">(99</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_pn3n3_c20220801__20230731__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--AccumulatedTranslationAdjustmentMember_zpSbHsOIjLGc" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Other comprehensive loss attributable to IDT Corporation">(5,788</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_pn3n3_c20220801__20230731_z7aGuEd97up9" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Other comprehensive loss attributable to IDT Corporation">(5,887</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
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    <td>Balance at July 31, 2023</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_iS_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--AccumulatedTranslationAdjustmentMember_zbHJwNlnbGMe" style="text-align: right" title="Ending balance">(16,547</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_iS_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731_z8iHQ7catuU2" style="text-align: right" title="Ending balance">(17,192</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr>
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    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">Other comprehensive income (loss) attributable to IDT Corporation</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--AccumulatedNetUnrealizedInvestmentGainLossMember_zOrVgFY7JDjf" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Other comprehensive loss attributable to IDT Corporation">265</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--AccumulatedTranslationAdjustmentMember_zvo38yTtwzt" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Other comprehensive loss attributable to IDT Corporation">(1,215</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731_z7pB5k7TBGt4" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Other comprehensive loss attributable to IDT Corporation">(950</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">BALANCE AT JULY 31, 2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_iE_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--AccumulatedNetUnrealizedInvestmentGainLossMember_zrpxTOr8txKa" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Ending balance">(380</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_iE_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--AccumulatedTranslationAdjustmentMember_zBTi5BBrrRYc" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Ending balance">(17,762</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_iE_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731_zi8lKhaQrnN1" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Ending balance">(18,142</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.3</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm45266148880480">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Commitments and Contingencies<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2024</div></th></tr>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingenciesDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingenciesDisclosureTextBlock', window );">Commitments and Contingencies</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_80E_eus-gaap--CommitmentsAndContingenciesDisclosureTextBlock_zP6bDQbEASsj" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Note
23&#8212;<span id="xdx_82A_zVp0dZ6nLVpk">Commitments and Contingencies</span></span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Legal
Proceedings</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On
July 5, 2017, plaintiff JDS1, LLC, on behalf of itself and all other similarly situated stockholders of Straight Path, and
derivatively on behalf of Straight Path as nominal defendant, filed a putative class action and derivative complaint in the Court of
Chancery of the State of Delaware against the Company, The Patrick Henry Trust (a trust formed by Howard S. Jonas that held record
and beneficial ownership of certain shares of Straight Path he formerly held), Howard S. Jonas, and each of Straight Path&#8217;s
directors. The complaint alleged that the Company aided and abetted Straight Path Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer
Davidi Jonas, and Howard S. Jonas in his capacity as controlling stockholder of Straight Path, in breaching their fiduciary duties
to Straight Path in connection with the settlement of claims between Straight Path and the Company related to potential
indemnification claims concerning Straight Path&#8217;s obligations under the Consent Decree it entered into with the Federal
Communications Commission (&#8220;FCC&#8221;), as well as the sale of Straight Path&#8217;s subsidiary Straight Path IP Group, Inc.
to the Company in connection with that settlement. That action was consolidated with a similar action that was initiated by The
Arbitrage Fund. The Plaintiffs sought, among other things, (i) a declaration that the action may be maintained as a class action or
in the alternative, that demand on the Straight Path Board is excused; (ii) that the term sheet is invalid; (iii) awarding damages
for the unfair price stockholders received in the merger between Straight Path and Verizon Communications Inc. for their shares of
Straight Path&#8217;s Class B common stock; and (iv) ordering Howard S. Jonas, Davidi Jonas, and the Company to disgorge any profits
for the benefit of the class Plaintiffs. On August 28, 2017, the Plaintiffs filed an amended complaint. The trial was held in August
and December 2022, and closing arguments were presented on May 3, 2023. On October 3, 2023, the Court of Chancery of the State of
Delaware dismissed all claims against the Company, and found that, contrary to the plaintiffs&#8217; allegations, the class suffered
no damages. On July 22, 2024, oral argument was held in the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware on the issue of
attorney&#8217;s fees sought by plaintiff&#8217;s counsel against Howard S. Jonas. The parties are awaiting the final order from the
court. The plaintiffs will have 30 days from entry of the final order to file an appeal.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>




<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
addition to the foregoing, the Company is subject to other legal proceedings that have arisen in the ordinary course of business and
have not been finally adjudicated. Although there can be no assurance in this regard, the Company believes that none of the other legal
proceedings to which the Company is a party will have a material adverse effect on the Company&#8217;s results of operations, cash flows,
or financial condition.</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Sales
Tax Contingency</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On
June 21, 2018, the United States Supreme Court rendered a decision in South Dakota v. Wayfair, Inc., holding that a state may require
a remote seller with no physical presence in the state to collect and remit sales tax on goods and services provided to purchasers in
the state, overturning certain existing court precedent. It is possible that one or more jurisdictions may assert that the Company has
liability for periods for which it has not collected sales, use or other similar taxes, and if such an assertion or assertions were successful
it could materially and adversely affect the Company&#8217;s business, financial position, and operating results. One or more jurisdictions
may change their laws or policies to apply their sales, use or other similar taxes to the Company&#8217;s operations, and if such changes
were made it could materially and adversely affect the Company&#8217;s business, financial position, and operating results.</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Regulatory
Fees Audit</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company&#8217;s 2017 FCC Form 499-A, which reported its calendar year 2016 revenue, was audited by the Universal Service Administrative
Company (&#8220;USAC&#8221;). The USAC&#8217;s final decision imposed a $<span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--LossContingencyEstimateOfPossibleLoss_iI_pn5n6_c20240731__srt--ProductOrServiceAxis__custom--FederalTelecommunicationsRelayServicesFundMember_zt8529MU0ZUk" title="Final decision imposed">2.9</span> million charge on the Company for the Federal Telecommunications
Relay Service (&#8220;TRS&#8221;) Fund. The Company has appealed the USAC&#8217;s final decision to the FCC and does not intend to remit
payment for the TRS Fund fees unless and until a negative decision on its appeal has been issued. The Company has made certain changes
to its filing policies and procedures for years that remain potentially under audit. At July 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company&#8217;s accrued
expenses included $<span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--AccruedLiabilitiesCurrentAndNoncurrent_iI_pn5n6_c20240731_z5hAfP3pyxp9" title="Accrued liabilities">25.9</span> million and $<span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--AccruedLiabilitiesCurrentAndNoncurrent_iI_pn5n6_c20230731_zLZz8jqr78Jg" title="Accrued liabilities">26.8</span> million, respectively, for FCC-related regulatory fees for the year covered by the audit, as
well as prior and subsequent years.</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Purchase
Commitments</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">At
July 31, 2024, the Company had purchase commitments of $<span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--PurchaseObligation_iI_pn5n6_c20240731_zbSdHvoSFI3a" title="Purchase obligation">2.9</span> million primarily for equipment and services.</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Performance
Bonds</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company has performance bonds issued through third parties for the benefit of various states in order to comply with the states&#8217;
financial requirements for money remittance licenses and telecommunications resellers. At July 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company had aggregate
performance bonds outstanding of $<span id="xdx_902_ecustom--PerformanceBondsOutstanding_iI_pn5n6_c20240731_zOC5cwX0UK29" title="Performance bonds outstanding">32.4</span> million and $<span id="xdx_903_ecustom--PerformanceBondsOutstanding_iI_pn5n6_c20230731_ztoGbfYkmVzd" title="Performance bonds outstanding">27.1</span> million, respectively. The increase in the performance bonds was due to increased
money remittance transactions in fiscal 2024 compared to prior years.</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for commitments and contingencies.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 405<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/405-30/tableOfContent<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 440<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482648/440-10-50-4<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 450<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/450/tableOfContent<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 954<br> -SubTopic 440<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478522/954-440-50-1<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 440<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482648/440-10-50-4<br><br>Reference 6: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 440<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/440/tableOfContent<br></p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.3</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm45266248175760">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Related Party Transactions<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2024</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsAbstract', window );"><strong>Related Party Transactions [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsDisclosureTextBlock', window );">Related Party Transactions</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_802_eus-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsDisclosureTextBlock_z80opiDLA29l" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Note
24&#8212;<span id="xdx_829_zieCB8caE832">Related Party Transactions</span></span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Rafael
Holdings, Inc.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
connection with the spin-off of Rafael in March 2018, the Company and Rafael entered into a Transition Services Agreement pursuant to
which certain administrative and other services are provided by the Company and Rafael. The Company charged Rafael $<span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--CostsAndExpensesRelatedParty_pn5n6_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--RafaelSpinOffMember_zPrdX9XMLiJb"><span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--CostsAndExpensesRelatedParty_pn5n6_c20220801__20230731__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--RafaelSpinOffMember_zezuuEGv42yj"><span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--CostsAndExpensesRelatedParty_pn5n6_c20210801__20220731__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--RafaelSpinOffMember_zM3PjvVgu1M9">0.3</span></span></span> million in each
of fiscal 2024, fiscal 2023, and fiscal 2022 for services provided, net of the amounts charged by Rafael to the Company. At both July
31, 2024 and 2023, other current assets reported in the Company&#8217;s consolidated balance sheets included net receivable from Rafael
of $<span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--OtherReceivablesNetCurrent_iI_pn5n6_c20240731__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--RafaelSpinOffMember_zoCssZ6fJKv2"><span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--OtherReceivablesNetCurrent_iI_pn5n6_c20230731__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--RafaelSpinOffMember_zyqggT2a7kOl">0.1</span></span> million.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">See
Note 4 regarding the Company&#8217;s office lease arrangements with Rafael.</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Genie
Energy Ltd.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company entered into a Transition Services Agreement with Genie Energy Ltd. (&#8220;Genie&#8221;) prior to the spin-off of Genie in October
2011, which provides for certain services to be performed by the Company and Genie. The Company charged Genie $<span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--CostsAndExpensesRelatedParty_pn5n6_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--GenieAndSubsidiarieMember_zRM7FMtw5LLi" title="Costs and expenses, related party">0.9</span> million, $<span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--CostsAndExpensesRelatedParty_pn5n6_c20220801__20230731__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--GenieAndSubsidiarieMember_zY0CTVECOM9h" title="Costs and expenses, related party">1.2</span> million,
and $<span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--CostsAndExpensesRelatedParty_pn5n6_c20210801__20220731__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--GenieAndSubsidiarieMember_zCZ35ZfJ54Zg" title="Costs and expenses, related party">1.3</span> million in fiscal 2024, fiscal 2023, and fiscal 2022, respectively, for services provided and other items, net of the amounts
charged by Genie to the Company. At July 31, 2024 and 2023, other current assets reported in the Company&#8217;s consolidated balance
sheets included receivables from Genie of $<span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--OtherReceivablesNetCurrent_iI_pn5n6_c20240731__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--GenieAndSubsidiarieMember_zpGrwarHDhhd" title="Due from other related parties, current">0.3</span> million and $<span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--OtherReceivablesNetCurrent_iI_pn5n6_c20230731__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--GenieAndSubsidiarieMember_zVma2yCFfwDk" title="Due from other related parties, current">0.2</span> million, respectively.</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Other
Related Party Transactions</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company provides office space, certain connectivity and other services to Jonas Media Group, a publishing firm owned by Howard S. Jonas.
Billings for such services were $<span id="xdx_907_ecustom--RelatedPartyTransactionBillingsToRelatedPartyForServices_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--JonasMember_z5ep4M9UVrR2" title="Receivable from subsidiaries included in services">1,300</span>; $<span id="xdx_905_ecustom--RelatedPartyTransactionBillingsToRelatedPartyForServices_c20220801__20230731__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--JonasMember_zm56eYbY2U9c" title="Receivable from subsidiaries included in services">2,000</span>; and $<span id="xdx_90B_ecustom--RelatedPartyTransactionBillingsToRelatedPartyForServices_c20210801__20220731__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--JonasMember_zxHODxlQQxr8" title="Receivable from subsidiaries included in services">2,000</span> in fiscal 2024, fiscal 2023, and fiscal 2022, respectively. The balance owed
to the Company by Jonas Media Group was $<span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--OtherReceivablesNetCurrent_iI_c20240731__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--JonasMember_zlW4CNFwIuXj" title="Due from Other Related Parties, Current">5,300</span> and $<span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--OtherReceivablesNetCurrent_iI_c20230731__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--JonasMember_zHcyXvkU1fQk" title="Due from Other Related Parties, Current">4,000</span> as of July 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>




<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Mason
and Company Consulting, LLC (&#8220;Mason and Co.&#8221;), a company owned solely by Jonathan Mason, receives annual commissions and
fees for the insurance brokerage referral and placement of certain of the Company&#8217;s insurance policies. Jonathan Mason is the husband
of Joyce J. Mason, the Company&#8217;s General Counsel, and brother-in-law of Howard S. Jonas. Based on information the Company received
from Jonathan Mason, the Company believes that Mason and Co. received commissions and fees from payments made by the Company in the aggregate
amount of $<span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--OperatingCostsAndExpenses_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionAxis__custom--MasonAndCompanyConsultingMember_zTYCZ56NmfK8" title="Commissions and fees from payment by company">57,000</span> in fiscal 2024, $<span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--OperatingCostsAndExpenses_c20220801__20230731__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionAxis__custom--MasonAndCompanyConsultingMember_z2Fytm9SpEH8" title="Commissions and fees from payment by company">62,000</span> in fiscal 2023, and $<span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--OperatingCostsAndExpenses_c20210801__20220731__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionAxis__custom--MasonAndCompanyConsultingMember_zPEOn6Vx19Tb" title="Commissions and fees from payment by company">76,000</span> in fiscal 2022. Neither Howard S. Jonas nor Joyce Mason has any
ownership or other interest in Mason and Co., or the commissions paid to Mason and Co., other than via the familial relationships with
Jonathan Mason.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">IDT
DT leases space in a building in the Bronx, New York that is owned by a limited liability company that is jointly owned by Howard S.
Jonas and Shmuel Jonas. The annual rent is $<span id="xdx_909_ecustom--RelatedPartyTransactionLeaseAnnualRentPaymentsToRelatedParty_c20230801__20240731_zM74zbDsa8Q8" title="Annual rent payment">18,600</span>.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company had loans receivable from employees aggregating $<span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--OtherReceivablesNetCurrent_iI_pn5n6_c20240731__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--EmployeesMember_zpkCNM5Q08u3" title="Outstanding net loan receivable from employees">0.5</span> million and $<span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--OtherReceivablesNetCurrent_iI_pn5n6_c20230731__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--EmployeesMember_zUDGfwQ5bMic" title="Outstanding net loan receivable from employees">0.5</span> million at July 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, which
are included in &#8220;Other current assets&#8221; in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<span></span>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for related party transactions. Examples of related party transactions include transactions between (a) a parent company and its subsidiary; (b) subsidiaries of a common parent; (c) and entity and its principal owners; and (d) affiliates.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480990/946-20-50-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480990/946-20-50-5<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480990/946-20-50-6<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 235<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477968/946-235-50-2<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 235<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (e)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477968/946-235-50-2<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 850<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483326/850-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-07(2)(g)(3))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479134/946-220-S99-1<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-07(2)(c))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479134/946-220-S99-1<br><br>Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-07(2)(e))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479134/946-220-S99-1<br><br>Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 850<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/850/tableOfContent<br><br>Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 850<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483326/850-10-50-6<br><br>Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 850<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483326/850-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 850<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483326/850-10-50-1<br></p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.3</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm45266151892352">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Defined Contribution Plans<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2024</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CompensationAndRetirementDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>Retirement Benefits [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CompensationAndEmployeeBenefitPlansOtherThanShareBasedCompensationTextBlock', window );">Defined Contribution Plans</a></td>
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25&#8212;<span id="xdx_820_z4O7W98EESeg">Defined Contribution Plans</span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company maintains a 401(k) Plan available to all employees meeting certain eligibility criteria. The plan permits participants to contribute
up to the maximum amount allowed by law. The plan provides for discretionary matching contributions that vest over the first five years
of employment. The plan permits discretionary matching contributions to be granted as of December 31 of each year. All contributions
made by participants vest immediately into the participant&#8217;s account. In fiscal 2024, fiscal 2023, and fiscal 2022, the Company&#8217;s
expense related to the plan was $<span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--DefinedContributionPlanCostRecognized_pn5n6_c20230801__20240731_zl2Jz3MdusJh" title="Defined contribution plan, cost">1.0</span> million, $<span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--DefinedContributionPlanCostRecognized_pn5n6_c20220801__20230731_z45csLoSAri7" title="Defined contribution plan, cost">1.1</span> million, and $<span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--DefinedContributionPlanCostRecognized_pn5n6_c20210801__20220731_zw209CvpSxvj" title="Defined contribution plan, cost">1.0</span> million, respectively. The Company&#8217;s Class A common stock
and Class B common stock are not investment options for the plan&#8217;s participants.</span></p>

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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure of an entity's employee compensation and benefit plans, excluding share-based compensation and including, but not limited to, postemployment and postretirement benefit plans, defined benefit pension plans, defined contribution plans, non-qualified and supplemental benefit plans, deferred compensation, life insurance, severance, health care, unemployment and other benefit plans.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 710<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/710/tableOfContent<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 712<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/712/tableOfContent<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 715<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/715/tableOfContent<br></p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.3</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm45266144409712">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2024</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract', window );"><strong>Accounting Policies [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConsolidationPolicyTextBlock', window );">Basis of Consolidation</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_84F_eus-gaap--ConsolidationPolicyTextBlock_z6kaXGSxngS1" style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_869_zMVeOkFruog">Basis
of Consolidation</span></span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
method of accounting applied to long-term investments, whether consolidated, equity or cost, involves an evaluation of the significant
terms of each investment that explicitly grant or suggest evidence of control or influence over the operations of the entity in which the Company owns an interest and includes
the identification of any variable interests in which the Company is the primary beneficiary. The consolidated financial statements include
the Company&#8217;s controlled subsidiaries and the variable interest entity in which the Company is the primary beneficiary (see Note
13). All significant intercompany accounts and transactions between the consolidated entities are eliminated.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_UseOfEstimates', window );">Use of Estimates</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_841_eus-gaap--UseOfEstimates_z8ogqz5OdpP6" style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_866_zSIs61iy3ZQb">Use
of Estimates</span></span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (&#8220;U.S.
GAAP&#8221;) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying
notes. Actual results may differ from those estimates.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<span></span>
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<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PriorPeriodReclassificationAdjustmentDescription', window );">Reclassifications</a></td>
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<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">From
and after August 1, 2023, the Company includes depreciation and amortization in &#8220;Direct cost of revenues&#8221; and &#8220;Selling,
general and administrative&#8221; expense and is reporting gross profit in accordance with U.S. GAAP in the consolidated statements
of income. Prior to August 1, 2023, depreciation and amortization was a separate caption in the consolidated statements of income.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">From
and after February 1, 2024, the Company reclassified most of its technology and development expenses from &#8220;Selling, general and
administrative&#8221; expense to a new &#8220;Technology and development&#8221; expense caption in the consolidated statements of income
and reclassified an amount that was immaterial in all periods to &#8220;Direct cost of revenues.&#8221; &#8220;Technology and development&#8221;
expense consists primarily of personnel-related expenses for employees involved in the research, design, development, and maintenance
of both new and existing technology products and services, including salaries, benefits, and stock-based compensation. &#8220;Technology
and development&#8221; expense also includes costs for software licenses, subscription services, and other companywide technology tools
dedicated for use by the Company&#8217;s technology and development teams. The costs of third-party contractors that support the Company&#8217;s
technology and development are also included. &#8220;Technology and development&#8221; expense also includes the costs of product and
engineering teams used to support the development of both internal infrastructure and internal-use software, to the extent such costs
do not qualify for capitalization. The expenses reclassified to &#8220;Direct cost of revenues&#8221; are the costs of cloud computing
arrangements hosted by a vendor in the production environment incurred by the net2phone segment and NRS, and net2phone&#8217;s colocation
costs for data centers where net2phone is not fully operational in the cloud. Finally, depreciation and amortization of capitalized internal
use software costs was reclassified from &#8220;Selling, general and administrative&#8221; expense to &#8220;Technology and development&#8221;
expense.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>




<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p id="xdx_89F_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfErrorCorrectionsAndPriorPeriodAdjustmentsTextBlock_zxTzxw3XLB0j" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
following table shows the amounts that were reclassified in fiscal 2023 and fiscal 2022 to conform to the current year&#8217;s presentation:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;<span id="xdx_8B6_z6ud8mTfybRj" style="display: none">Schedule
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">Year ended July 31 <br/>(in thousands)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_491_20220801__20230731_zJEWlhtMsoUb" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_495_20210801__20220731_z5WM4imWLJpg" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2022</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td></tr>
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    <td>Selling, general and administrative expense reclassified to:</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td></tr>
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    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; width: 60%; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Direct cost of revenues</td><td style="width: 2%; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 16%; text-align: right">1,364</td><td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 2%; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 16%; text-align: right">1,113</td><td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_406_eus-gaap--SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense_hsrt--RestatementAxis__srt--ScenarioPreviouslyReportedMember__srt--ProductOrServiceAxis__custom--TechnologyAndDevelopmentExpenseMember_zKtJfXgmfxbf" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Technology and development expense</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">35,230</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">34,935</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense_hsrt--RestatementAxis__srt--ScenarioPreviouslyReportedMember__srt--ProductOrServiceAxis__custom--TechnologyAndDevelopmentExpenseMember_zzG26jWfQkgf" style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Selling,
    general and administrative expense</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">35,230</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">34,935</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Depreciation and amortization expense reclassified to:</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--DepreciationAndAmortization_hsrt--RestatementAxis__srt--ScenarioPreviouslyReportedMember__us-gaap--IncomeStatementLocationAxis__custom--DirectCostOfRevenuesMember_zx93ECVMAltj" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Direct cost of revenues</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">4,516</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">3,516</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--DepreciationAndAmortization_hsrt--RestatementAxis__srt--ScenarioPreviouslyReportedMember__us-gaap--IncomeStatementLocationAxis__us-gaap--SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpensesMember_zIewBddravg3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Selling, general and administrative expense</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2,862</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2,489</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_404_eus-gaap--DepreciationAndAmortization_hsrt--RestatementAxis__srt--ScenarioPreviouslyReportedMember__us-gaap--IncomeStatementLocationAxis__custom--TechnologyAndDevelopmentExpenseMember_zEvuyCUUDEgl" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Technology and development expense</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">12,758</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">12,110</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_403_eus-gaap--DepreciationAndAmortization_hsrt--RestatementAxis__srt--ScenarioPreviouslyReportedMember__us-gaap--IncomeStatementLocationAxis__custom--TechnologyAndDevelopmentExpenseMember_zVu48QfOx2Kj" style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Depreciation
    and amortization expense</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">12,758</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">12,110</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
</table>

<p id="xdx_8AB_z52yrA3wsYI7" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InvestmentPolicyTextBlock', window );">Accounting for Investments</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_849_eus-gaap--InvestmentPolicyTextBlock_zr6Oj41Lthzg" style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_860_zxLqPagFopE2">Accounting
for Investments</span></span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Investments
in businesses that the Company does not control, but in which the Company has the ability to exercise significant influence over operating
and financial matters, are accounted for using the equity method. Investments in which the Company does not have the ability to exercise
significant influence over operating and financial matters are accounted for using the cost method. Investments in hedge funds are accounted
for using the equity method unless the Company&#8217;s interest is so minor that it has virtually no influence over operating and financial
policies, in which case these investments are accounted for using the cost method. The Company periodically evaluates its equity and
cost method investments for impairment due to declines considered to be other than temporary. If the Company determines that a decline
in fair value is other than temporary, then a charge to earnings is recorded in &#8220;Other expense, net&#8221; in the accompanying
consolidated statements of income, and a new basis in the investment is established.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueRecognitionPolicyTextBlock', window );">Revenue Recognition</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_84B_eus-gaap--RevenueRecognitionPolicyTextBlock_zLfuLdvGcynd" style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_867_zaIxA1iaMjO">Revenue
Recognition</span></span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company recognizes revenue upon the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration
to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services, in accordance with a five-step process as follows:
(i) identify the contract(s) with a customer, (ii) identify the performance obligations in the contract(s), (iii) determine the transaction
price, (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract(s), and (v) recognize revenue when, or as,
the Company satisfies a performance obligation.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CostOfSalesPolicyTextBlock', window );">Direct Cost of Revenues</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_848_eus-gaap--CostOfSalesPolicyTextBlock_zvt18dfdZ2V2" style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_868_zVYGnxOcLec1">Direct
Cost of Revenues</span></span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Direct
cost of revenues consists primarily of termination and origination costs, toll-free costs, and network costs&#8212;including
customer/carrier interconnect charges and fiber circuit charges. These costs include an estimate of charges for which invoices have
not yet been received, and estimated amounts for pending disputes with other carriers. Direct cost of revenues also includes the
cost of airtime top-up minutes, the cost of NRS&#8217; POS terminals sold, the costs of cloud computing arrangements hosted by a
vendor in the production environment incurred by the net2phone segment and NRS, net2phone&#8217;s colocation costs for data centers
where net2phone is not fully operational in the cloud, net2phone&#8217;s cost of equipment sold, and commissions paid to
disbursement agents, sales agents, and retailers for BOSS Money&#8217;s originations and distributions.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsPolicyTextBlock', window );">Cash and Cash Equivalents</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_84F_eus-gaap--CashAndCashEquivalentsPolicyTextBlock_zHygsWVFyZC4" style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_867_zoIJ8rpLmBtc">Cash
and Cash Equivalents</span></span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company considers all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_MarketableSecuritiesPolicy', window );">Debt Securities</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_84B_eus-gaap--MarketableSecuritiesPolicy_zqju8xfY10nk" style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_86C_z2UVk5Ugawv9">Debt
Securities</span></span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company&#8217;s investments in debt securities are classified as &#8220;available-for-sale.&#8221; Available-for-sale debt securities
are required to be carried at their fair value, with unrealized gains that are considered temporary in nature recorded in &#8220;Accumulated
other comprehensive loss&#8221; in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. On August 1, 2023, the Company adopted Accounting Standards
Update (&#8220;ASU&#8221;) No. 2016-13, <i>Financial Instruments&#8212;Credit Losses (Topic 326)</i>, <i>Measurement of Credit Losses
on Financial Instruments.</i> For available-for-sale debt securities with unrealized losses, ASU 2016-13 replaced the concept of &#8220;other-than-temporary&#8221;
impairment with a determination whether any impairment is a result of a credit loss or other factors. The portion of the unrealized loss
that is the result of a credit loss is recognized as an allowance and a corresponding expense recorded in &#8220;Other expense, net&#8221;
in the consolidated statement of income. Unrealized loss that is not the result of a credit loss is recorded in &#8220;Accumulated other
comprehensive loss&#8221; in the consolidated balance sheets. The adoption of the new standard did not have a material impact on the
Company&#8217;s consolidated financial statements, and it was not necessary to record a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings
as of August 1, 2023.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company uses the specific identification method in computing the gross realized gains and gross realized losses on the sales of debt
securities.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentsPolicy', window );">Equity Investments</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_84A_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestmentsPolicy_zvaYlqWqGYwd" style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_86D_zVGqGjvzoGK7">Equity
Investments</span></span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Investments
in equity securities (except those accounted for under the equity method or that result in consolidation) are measured at fair value,
with changes in fair value recognized in net income. For investments in equity securities without a readily determinable fair value,
the Company elects the measurement alternative and measures these investments at cost, less any impairment, plus or minus changes resulting
from observable price changes in orderly transactions for an identical or similar investment of the same issuer. At each reporting date,
the Company reassesses whether the investment still qualifies for this measurement alternative. Further, at each reporting date, the
Company performs a qualitative assessment to evaluate whether the investment is impaired. If the qualitative assessment indicates that
the investment is impaired and the fair value of the investment is less than its carrying value, the carrying amount of the investment
will be reduced and the resulting loss recognized in &#8220;Other expense, net&#8221; in the accompanying consolidated statements of
income in the period the impairment is identified.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>




<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On
August 1, 2024, the Company adopted ASU No. 2022-03, <i>Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820)</i>, <i>Fair Value Measurement of Equity Securities
Subject to Contractual Sale Restrictions,</i> that clarifies that a contractual restriction on the sale of an equity security is not
considered part of the unit of account of the equity security and, therefore, is not considered in measuring fair value. The ASU also
requires specific disclosures related to equity securities that are subject to contractual sales restrictions. The adoption of the new
standard did not have a material impact on the Company&#8217;s consolidated financial statements.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_SettlementsAssetsAndLiabilitiesPolicyTextBlock', window );">Settlement Assets and Settlement Liabilities</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_84F_ecustom--SettlementsAssetsAndLiabilitiesPolicyTextBlock_zjjCPja8bUoa" style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_860_zYC74SAermfh">Settlement
Assets and Settlement Liabilities</span></span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Settlement
assets represent funds to be received for unsettled international money remittance and related value/payment transfer services. The receivables
are due from financial institutions and agents for payment instruments sold and amounts advanced by the Company to certain agents for
operational and local regulatory purposes. These receivables are outstanding from the day of the sale of the payment instrument until
the financial institution or agent remits the funds to the Company. The Company provides an allowance for the portion of the receivable
estimated to become uncollectible based on its history of collection experience, known collection issues, consumer credit card chargebacks
and insufficient funds, and other matters the Company identifies in its routine collection monitoring.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Settlement
liabilities represent obligations relating to amounts payable under international money remittance and related value/payment transfer
services. These obligations are recognized by the Company at the time the underlying transaction occurs. The Company records corresponding
settlement assets for the funds to be received.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_DisbursementPrefundingPolicyTextBlock', window );">Disbursement Prefunding</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_84E_ecustom--DisbursementPrefundingPolicyTextBlock_zMt8yKbdK8bg" style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_86D_ziXcOMtpaLee">Disbursement
Prefunding</span></span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company maintains relationships with disbursement partners in various countries for its BOSS Money and IDT Digital Payments services.
The Company maintains prefunding balances with these disbursement partners, so they can satisfy the Company&#8217;s customer liabilities.
The Company does not earn interest on these balances. The balances are not compensating balances and are not legally restricted.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InventoryPolicyTextBlock', window );">Inventory</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_847_eus-gaap--InventoryPolicyTextBlock_zYonBBRzZAlf" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i><span id="xdx_86C_zeseEfNxgzc7">Inventory</span></i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Inventory
consists of NRS&#8217; POS terminals that it sells to retailers. Inventory is measured at the lower of cost and net realizable value.
Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less reasonably predictable costs of completion,
disposal, and transportation.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentPolicyTextBlock', window );">Property, Plant, and Equipment and Intangible Assets</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_849_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentPolicyTextBlock_zXdKcWPCymD2" style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_86E_znXwMrwJSqpk">Property,
Plant, and Equipment and Intangible Assets</span></span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Equipment,
computer software, and furniture and fixtures are recorded at cost and are depreciated on a straight-line basis over their estimated
useful lives, which are as follows: equipment&#8212;<span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife_iI_dtY_c20240731__us-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis__us-gaap--EquipmentMember__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MinimumMember_zIBt7qCxGref" title="Estimated useful lives of long-lived assets">5</span> and <span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife_iI_dtY_c20240731__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MaximumMember__us-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis__us-gaap--EquipmentMember_zMA3oyrnBgv8" title="Estimated useful lives of long-lived assets">7</span> years; computer software&#8212;<span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife_iI_dtY_c20240731__us-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis__custom--ComputerSoftwareMember_zslQCsrFPBB3" title="Estimated useful lives of long-lived assets">3</span> years; and furniture and fixtures&#8212;<span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife_iI_dtY_c20240731__us-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis__us-gaap--FurnitureAndFixturesMember_zVo0M4RMGirh" title="Estimated useful lives of long-lived assets">5</span>
years. Leasehold improvements are recorded at cost and are depreciated on a straight-line basis over the term of their lease or their
estimated useful lives, whichever is shorter.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Non-compete
agreements, customer relationships, and tradenames are amortized over their estimated useful lives (see Notes 6 and 12).</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company tests the recoverability of its property, plant, and equipment and intangible assets with finite useful lives whenever events
or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the asset may not be recoverable. The Company tests for recoverability
based on the projected undiscounted cash flows to be derived from such asset. If the projected undiscounted future cash flows are less
than the carrying value of the asset, the Company will record an impairment loss, if any, based on the difference between the estimated
fair value and the carrying value of the asset. The Company generally measures fair value by considering sale prices for similar assets
or by discounting estimated future cash flows from such asset using an appropriate discount rate. Cash flow projections and fair value
estimates require significant estimates and assumptions by management. Should the estimates and assumptions prove to be incorrect, the
Company may be required to record impairments in future periods and such impairments could be material.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_GoodwillAndIntangibleAssetsGoodwillPolicy', window );">Goodwill</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_844_eus-gaap--GoodwillAndIntangibleAssetsGoodwillPolicy_zM8SJCvOWAac" style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_863_zvxMJs8GKFZf">Goodwill</span></span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Goodwill
is the excess of the consideration paid for a business over the fair value of the identifiable net assets acquired. Goodwill and other
indefinite lived intangible assets are not amortized. Instead, these assets are reviewed annually (or more frequently under various conditions)
for impairment. The Company has the option to perform a qualitative assessment to determine whether it is necessary to perform the quantitative
goodwill impairment test. However, the Company may elect to perform the quantitative goodwill impairment test even if no indications
of a potential impairment exist.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>




<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">When
performing its quantitative annual, or an interim (when conditions warrant), goodwill impairment test the Company compares the fair value of its reporting
units with their carrying amounts. The Company would recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount
exceeds the reporting unit&#8217;s fair value; however, the loss recognized would not exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated
to that reporting unit. Additionally, the Company considers income tax effects from any tax-deductible goodwill on the carrying
amount of its reporting unit when measuring the goodwill impairment loss, if applicable. The fair value of the reporting units is
estimated using discounted cash flow methodologies, as well as considering third party market value indicators. The Company&#8217;s
use of a discounted cash flow methodology includes estimates of future revenue based upon budgets and projections. The Company also
develops estimates for future levels of gross and operating profits and projected capital expenditures. The Company&#8217;s
methodology also includes the use of estimated discount rates based upon industry and competitor analysis as well as other factors.
Calculating the fair value of the reporting units requires significant estimates and assumptions by management. Should the estimates
and assumptions regarding the fair value of the reporting units prove to be incorrect, the Company may be required to record
impairments to its goodwill in future periods and such impairments could be material.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AdvertisingCostsPolicyTextBlock', window );">Advertising Expense</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_842_eus-gaap--AdvertisingCostsPolicyTextBlock_z5j55ECmcjl2" style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_860_zm21vnQjgco2">Advertising
Expense</span></span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Cost
of advertising is charged to selling, general and administrative expense in the period in which it is incurred. In fiscal 2024, fiscal
2023, and fiscal 2022, advertising expense was $<span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--AdvertisingExpense_pn5n6_c20230801__20240731_z6zBPi6hR5c2" title="Advertising expense">19.0 </span>million, $<span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--AdvertisingExpense_pn5n6_c20220801__20230731_zsH72kBYJ1Y2" title="Advertising expense">17.9</span> million, and $<span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--AdvertisingExpense_pn5n6_c20210801__20220731_zUQmxg6vVeog" title="Advertising expense">17.0</span> million, respectively.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InternalUseSoftwarePolicy', window );">Capitalized Internal Use Software Costs</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_84E_eus-gaap--InternalUseSoftwarePolicy_zvqcYfGBKGab" style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_865_zO7OV3mU92ci">Capitalized
Internal Use Software Costs</span></span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_907_ecustom--InternalUseSoftwarePolicyDescription_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis__us-gaap--SoftwareAndSoftwareDevelopmentCostsMember_zGmVodas4Igl" title="Internal use software policy description">The
Company capitalizes the cost of internal-use software that has a useful life in excess of one year.</span> These costs consist of payments made
to third parties and the salaries of employees working on such software development. Subsequent additions, modifications or upgrades
to internal-use software are capitalized only to the extent that they allow the software to perform a task it previously did not perform.
Software maintenance and training costs are charged to expense in the period in which they are incurred. Capitalized internal use software
costs are amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives. Amortization expense related to such capitalized software
in fiscal 2024, fiscal 2023, and fiscal 2022 was $<span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--CapitalizedComputerSoftwareAmortization1_pn5n6_c20230801__20240731_zrkXrXPqvQKb" title="Amortization expense">12.8</span> million, $<span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--CapitalizedComputerSoftwareAmortization1_pn5n6_c20220801__20230731_zNAgCsMSkuWc" title="Amortization expense">13.2</span> million, and $<span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--CapitalizedComputerSoftwareAmortization1_pn5n6_c20210801__20220731_zg8fQwxApb9i" title="Amortization expense">12.2</span> million, respectively. Unamortized capitalized
internal use software costs at July 31, 2024 and 2023 were $<span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--CapitalizedComputerSoftwareNet_iI_pn5n6_c20240731_zAM47QmM4yWj" title="Unamortized capital expense">18.6</span> million and $<span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--CapitalizedComputerSoftwareNet_iI_pn5n6_c20230731_z1RQ0qQE76Qb" title="Unamortized capital expense">18.8</span> million, respectively.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_MaintenanceCostPolicyPolicyTextBlock', window );">Repairs and Maintenance</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_845_eus-gaap--MaintenanceCostPolicyPolicyTextBlock_zTvYmOJbPtkh" style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_86F_zq6Vk248a94f">Repairs
and Maintenance</span></span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company charges the cost of repairs and maintenance, including the cost of replacing minor items not constituting substantial betterment,
to selling, general and administrative expense or technology and development expense as these costs are incurred.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionsAndTranslationsPolicyTextBlock', window );">Foreign Currency Translation</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_847_eus-gaap--ForeignCurrencyTransactionsAndTranslationsPolicyTextBlock_zEIxWaUzwF52" style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_863_z8SqqbhGSwl6">Foreign
Currency Translation</span></span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Assets
and liabilities of foreign subsidiaries denominated in foreign currencies are translated to U.S. Dollars at end-of-period rates of exchange,
and their monthly results of operations are translated to U.S. Dollars at the average rates of exchange for that month. Gains or losses
resulting from such foreign currency translations are recorded in &#8220;Accumulated other comprehensive loss&#8221; in the accompanying
consolidated balance sheets. Foreign currency transaction gains and losses are reported in &#8220;Other expense, net&#8221; in the accompanying
consolidated statements of income.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxPolicyTextBlock', window );">Income Taxes</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_84D_eus-gaap--IncomeTaxPolicyTextBlock_zuwS0zY8Gk07" style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_869_zFp0n4G9qoLb">Income
Taxes</span></span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company recognizes deferred tax assets and liabilities for the future tax consequences attributable to temporary differences between
the financial statements carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. A valuation allowance is
provided when it is more likely than not that some portion or all of a deferred tax asset will not be realized. The ultimate realization
of deferred tax assets depends on the generation of future taxable income during the period in which related temporary differences become
deductible. The Company considers the scheduled reversal of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income and tax planning
strategies in its assessment of a valuation allowance. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using the enacted tax rates expected
to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred
tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date of such change.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company uses a two-step approach for recognizing and measuring tax benefits taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. The Company
determines whether it is more-likely-than-not that a tax position will be sustained upon examination, including resolution of any related
appeals or litigation processes, based on the technical merits of the position. In evaluating whether a tax position has met the more-likely-than-not
recognition threshold, the Company presumes that the position will be examined by the appropriate taxing authority that has full knowledge
of all relevant information. Tax positions that meet the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold are measured to determine the amount
of tax benefit to recognize in the financial statements. The tax position is measured at the largest amount of benefit that is greater
than 50 percent likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement. Differences between tax positions taken in a tax return and amounts
recognized in the financial statements will generally result in one or more of the following: an increase in a liability for income taxes
payable, a reduction of an income tax refund receivable, a reduction in a deferred tax asset, or an increase in a deferred tax liability.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company classifies interest and penalties on income taxes as a component of income tax expense.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>




<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingenciesPolicyTextBlock', window );">Contingencies</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_846_eus-gaap--CommitmentsAndContingenciesPolicyTextBlock_zg766rs3RBug" style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_867_zapFAmyeR9xj">Contingencies</span></span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company accrues for loss contingencies when both (a) information available prior to issuance of the financial statements indicates that
it is probable that a liability had been incurred at the date of the financial statements and (b) the amount of loss can reasonably be
estimated. When the Company accrues for loss contingencies and the reasonable estimate of the loss is within a range, the Company records
its best estimate within the range. When no amount within the range is a better estimate than any other amount, the Company accrues the
minimum amount in the range. The Company discloses an estimated possible loss or a range of loss when it is at least reasonably possible
that a loss may have been incurred.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerSharePolicyTextBlock', window );">Earnings Per Share</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_842_eus-gaap--EarningsPerSharePolicyTextBlock_z1T3UWSrnOA1" style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_869_zBgYbddNq7hf">Earnings
Per Share</span></span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Basic
earnings per share is computed by dividing net income attributable to all classes of common stockholders of the Company by the weighted
average number of shares of all classes of common stock outstanding during the applicable period. Diluted earnings per share is determined
in the same manner as basic earnings per share, except that the number of shares is increased to include restricted stock still subject
to risk of forfeiture and to assume exercise of potentially dilutive stock options using the treasury stock method, unless the effect
of such increase is anti-dilutive.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p id="xdx_893_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfEarningsPerShareDilutedByCommonClassTextBlock_zxGUjGZ2HVth" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
weighted-average number of shares used in the calculation of basic and diluted earnings per share attributable to the Company&#8217;s
common stockholders consists of the following:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;<span id="xdx_8BE_zW4lZwULr7A2" style="display: none">Schedule of Weighted-average Number of Shares Used in the Calculation of Basic and Diluted Earnings Per Share</span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">Year ended July 31 <br/>(in thousands)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_493_20230801__20240731_zWbMzk4B5bR2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_493_20220801__20230731_zESuaCVMa1Sj" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_499_20210801__20220731_zXo38ZnhSd5i" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2022</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic_pn3n3_zo6VFphWnrHe" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 52%">Basic weighted-average number of shares</td><td style="width: 2%; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 12%; text-align: right">25,517</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 12%; text-align: right">25,791</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Effect of dilutive securities:</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_403_eus-gaap--IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToCallOptionsAndWarrants_pn3n3_zK30cUYsOZAb" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; text-indent: -8.65pt; padding-left: 17.3pt">Stock options</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">1</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">9</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">434</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToNonvestedSharesWithForfeitableDividends_pn3n3_zjNN2HCbT5th" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt; padding-left: 8.65pt">Non-vested restricted Class B common stock</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">156</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">51</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">131</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40B_eus-gaap--WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding_pn3n3_zVPhqI2ww3L9" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">Diluted weighted-average number of shares</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">25,398</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">25,577</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">26,356</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  </table>

<p id="xdx_8A9_zzJa0cZfiYV7" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">There
were <span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount_do_c20230801__20240731_zZmrlXp3yLyk" title="Shares excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share"><span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount_do_c20220801__20230731_zMJUyWFTTj9i" title="Shares excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share"><span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount_do_c20210801__20220731_z0gv6Tdcc8e7" title="Shares excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share">no</span></span></span> shares excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share in fiscal 2024, fiscal 2023, or fiscal 2022.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationOptionAndIncentivePlansPolicy', window );">Stock-Based Compensation</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_848_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationOptionAndIncentivePlansPolicy_zWTBzUj4NCR7" style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_866_ztLEW1aMZ0W8">Stock-Based
Compensation</span></span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company recognizes compensation expense for its grants of stock-based awards based on the estimated fair value on the grant date. Compensation
cost for awards is recognized using the straight-line method over the requisite service period, which is usually the vesting period.
Stock-based compensation is included in selling, general and administrative expense and technology and development expense.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskCreditRisk', window );">Vulnerability Due to Certain Concentrations</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_840_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskCreditRisk_zWJhfDbhSCn2" style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_86E_zZfqQtZslua5">Vulnerability
Due to Certain Concentrations</span></span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Financial
instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentration of credit risk consist principally of cash, cash equivalents, restricted
cash and cash equivalents, debt securities, equity investments, and trade accounts receivable. The Company holds cash and cash equivalents
at several major financial institutions, which often exceed FDIC insurance limits. Historically, the Company has not experienced any
losses due to such concentration of credit risk. The Company&#8217;s temporary cash investments policy is to limit the dollar amount
of investments with any one financial institution and monitor the credit ratings of those institutions. While the Company may be exposed
to credit losses due to the nonperformance of the holders of its deposits, the Company does not expect the settlement of these transactions
to have a material effect on its results of operations, cash flows, or financial condition.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
concentration of credit risk with respect to trade accounts receivable is limited due to the large number of customers in various geographic
regions and industry segments comprising the Company&#8217;s customer base. No single customer accounted for more than 10% of consolidated
revenues in fiscal 2024, fiscal 2023 or fiscal 2022. However, the Company&#8217;s five largest customers collectively accounted for <span id="xdx_90D_ecustom--ConcentrationRiskThresholdPercentage_pid_dp_uPure_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_zWEjujsXLVBb" title="Concentration risk threshold, percentage">10.3</span>%,
<span id="xdx_90A_ecustom--ConcentrationRiskThresholdPercentage_pid_dp_uPure_c20220801__20230731__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_z17AtqKup5i1" title="Concentration risk threshold, percentage">10.8</span>%, and <span id="xdx_902_ecustom--ConcentrationRiskThresholdPercentage_pid_dp_uPure_c20210801__20220731__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_zZox5s00o0z4" title="Concentration risk threshold, percentage">12.5</span>% of its consolidated revenues in fiscal 2024, fiscal 2023, and fiscal 2022, respectively. The Company&#8217;s customers
with the five largest receivable balances collectively accounted for <span id="xdx_909_ecustom--ConcentrationRiskThresholdPercentage_pid_dp_uPure_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--AccountsReceivableMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_zj5YdAwNYH9b" title="Concentration risk threshold, percentage">22.7</span>% and <span id="xdx_903_ecustom--ConcentrationRiskThresholdPercentage_pid_dp_uPure_c20220801__20230731__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--AccountsReceivableMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_zdIrhhFouxyj" title="Concentration risk threshold, percentage">16.7</span>% of the consolidated gross trade accounts receivable
at July 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. This concentration of customers increases the Company&#8217;s risk associated with nonpayment
by those customers. In an effort to reduce such risk, the Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of its significant customers. In
addition, the Company attempts to mitigate the credit risk related to specific IDT Global customers by also buying services from the
customer, in order to create an opportunity to offset its payables and receivables and reduce its net trade receivable exposure risk.
When it is practical to do so, the Company will increase its purchases from IDT Global customers with receivable balances that exceed
the Company&#8217;s applicable payables in order to maximize the offset and reduce its credit risk.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>



<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_AllowanceForCreditLossesAndAllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsPolicyTextBlock', window );">Allowance for Credit Losses and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_84E_ecustom--AllowanceForCreditLossesAndAllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsPolicyTextBlock_zVV3AEmuYBf6" style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_867_zvqLZDF0cO6j">Allowance
for Credit Losses and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts</span></span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Effective
with the adoption of ASU 2016-13 on August 1, 2023, the Company records an expense based on a forward-looking current expected credit
loss model to maintain its allowance for credit losses, which replaced the allowance for doubtful accounts. When determining its allowance
for trade accounts receivable, the Company considers the probability of recoverability of accounts receivable based on experience, taking
into account current collection trends and general economic factors, including bankruptcy rates. The Company also considers future economic
trends to estimate expected credit losses over the lifetime of the asset. Credit risks are assessed based on historical write-offs, net
of recoveries, as well as an analysis of the aged accounts receivable balances with allowances generally increasing as the receivable
ages. Accounts receivable may be fully reserved for when specific collection issues are known to exist, such as pending bankruptcies.
Account balances are written off against the allowance when it is determined that the receivable will not be recovered. The adoption
of ASU 2016-13 did not have a material impact on the Company&#8217;s consolidated financial statements, and it was not necessary to record
a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of August 1, 2023.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Prior
to the adoption of ASU 2016-13, the Company estimated the balance of its allowance for doubtful accounts by analyzing accounts receivable
balances by age and applying historical write-off and collection trend rates. The Company&#8217;s estimates included separately providing
for customer receivables based on specific circumstances and credit conditions, and when it was deemed probable that the balance was
uncollectible.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p id="xdx_89F_eus-gaap--AccountsReceivableAllowanceForCreditLossTableTextBlock_ztzPbgnVIHgc" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
changes in the allowance and reserves deducted from asset accounts is as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;<span id="xdx_8B4_zZreWFoiz1pd" style="display: none">Schedule of Changes In Allowance and Reserves Deducted From Asset Accounts</span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">Year ended July 31 <br/>(in thousands)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">Balance at beginning of year</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">Additions charged to costs and expenses</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">Deductions <br/>(1)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">Balance at end of year</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">2024</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">Deducted from asset accounts:</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent_iS_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731_zHsTWeGxVFt5" style="width: 11%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Allowance for doubtful accounts, Balance at beginning of year">5,642</td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 2%; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98D_ecustom--ProvisionForAccountsReceivableDoubtfulAccounts_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731_zshT59LFM2Ga" style="width: 11%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Allowance for doubtful accounts, Additions charged to costs and expenses">3,402</td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 2%; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableWriteOffs_iN_pn3n3_di_c20230801__20240731_fKDEp_zPiRObONBhCk" style="width: 11%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Allowance for doubtful accounts, Deductions">(2,692</td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td style="width: 2%; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent_iE_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731_zCw4fAj0MgDc" style="width: 11%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Allowance for doubtful accounts, Balance at end of year">6,352</td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 20pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Reserve for losses on settlement assets</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98B_ecustom--SettlementAssetsReserve_iS_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731_z7vCSXqdlBa8" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Reserve for losses on settlement assets, Balance at beginning of year">1,143</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_984_ecustom--ProvisionForSettlementAssetsReserve_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731_z6humRffmc15" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Reserve for losses on settlement assets, Additions charged to costs and expenses">988</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_983_ecustom--SettlementAssetsReserveDeductions_iN_pn3n3_di_c20230801__20240731_fKDEp_zmecqNnnnfcd" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Reserve for losses on settlement assets, Deductions">(265</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98D_ecustom--SettlementAssetsReserve_iE_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731_z5oWHvvZ9QKi" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Reserve for losses on settlement assets, Balance at end of year">1,866</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 20pt; padding-bottom: 1pt">Total</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_989_ecustom--AllowanceAndReservesDeductedFromAssetAccountsBalance_iS_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731_zJKxiyxqQPDh" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Allowance and reserves deducted from asset, Balance at beginning of year">6,785</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--ProvisionForDoubtfulAccounts_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731_zh6SzdVp62Ij" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Allowance and reserves deducted from asset, Additions charged to costs and expenses">4,390</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98F_ecustom--AllowanceAndReservesDeductedFromAssetAccountsDeductions_iN_pn3n3_di_c20230801__20240731_fKDEp_zuKZh0QTcMd9" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Allowance and reserves deducted from asset, Deductions">(2,957</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_985_ecustom--AllowanceAndReservesDeductedFromAssetAccountsBalance_iE_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731_za8l6Ekook4f" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Allowance and reserves deducted from asset, Balance at end of year">8,218</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">2023</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">Deducted from asset accounts:</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 20pt; text-align: left">Allowance for doubtful accounts</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent_iS_pn3n3_c20220801__20230731_zyDvvx84yO4a" style="text-align: right" title="Allowance for doubtful accounts, Balance at beginning of year">5,328</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_982_ecustom--ProvisionForAccountsReceivableDoubtfulAccounts_pn3n3_c20220801__20230731_zSlY661ObPLb" style="text-align: right" title="Allowance for doubtful accounts, Additions charged to costs and expenses">1,578</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableWriteOffs_iN_pn3n3_di_c20220801__20230731_fKDEp_zFzeaZUERiy5" style="text-align: right" title="Allowance for doubtful accounts, Deductions">(1,264</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent_iE_pn3n3_c20220801__20230731_zrZKcCIbbQNe" style="text-align: right" title="Allowance for doubtful accounts, Balance at end of year">5,642</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 20pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Reserve for losses on settlement assets</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98F_ecustom--SettlementAssetsReserve_iS_pn3n3_c20220801__20230731_zM7ssqfNPgLa" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Reserve for losses on settlement assets, Balance at beginning of year">554</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_989_ecustom--ProvisionForSettlementAssetsReserve_pn3n3_c20220801__20230731_zkDSuD4S6CSb" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Reserve for losses on settlement assets, Additions charged to costs and expenses">620</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98D_ecustom--SettlementAssetsReserveDeductions_iN_pn3n3_di_c20220801__20230731_fKDEp_z4m9NKtQIC3g" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Reserve for losses on settlement assets, Deductions">(31</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_984_ecustom--SettlementAssetsReserve_iE_pn3n3_c20220801__20230731_zJASWl1BVGEl" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Reserve for losses on settlement assets, Balance at end of year">1,143</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 20pt; padding-bottom: 1pt">Total</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_986_ecustom--AllowanceAndReservesDeductedFromAssetAccountsBalance_iS_pn3n3_c20220801__20230731_z5o3GdYNxE46" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Allowance and reserves deducted from asset, Balance at beginning of year">5,882</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--ProvisionForDoubtfulAccounts_pn3n3_c20220801__20230731_z7cecI69oGij" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Allowance and reserves deducted from asset, Additions charged to costs and expenses">2,198</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_983_ecustom--AllowanceAndReservesDeductedFromAssetAccountsDeductions_iN_pn3n3_di_c20220801__20230731_fKDEp_zERNPXntbNvi" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Allowance and reserves deducted from asset, Deductions">(1,295</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_980_ecustom--AllowanceAndReservesDeductedFromAssetAccountsBalance_iE_pn3n3_c20220801__20230731_z0zQRRdKMUHa" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Allowance and reserves deducted from asset, Balance at end of year">6,785</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">2022</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">Deducted from asset accounts:</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 20pt; text-align: left">Allowance for doubtful accounts</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent_iS_pn3n3_c20210801__20220731_zu4zqFKL4Y0b" style="text-align: right" title="Allowance for doubtful accounts, Balance at beginning of year">4,129</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_980_ecustom--ProvisionForAccountsReceivableDoubtfulAccounts_pn3n3_c20210801__20220731_zbrfT7NXXDC6" style="text-align: right" title="Allowance for doubtful accounts, Additions charged to costs and expenses">1,982</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableWriteOffs_iN_pn3n3_di_c20210801__20220731_fKDEp_zqrtnME8nnJh" style="text-align: right" title="Allowance for doubtful accounts, Deductions">(783</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent_iE_pn3n3_c20210801__20220731_zGc7jbVBZPMb" style="text-align: right" title="Allowance for doubtful accounts, Balance at end of year">5,328</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 20pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Reserve for losses on settlement assets</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_989_ecustom--SettlementAssetsReserve_iS_pn3n3_c20210801__20220731_z3UgQmyNyM2g" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Reserve for losses on settlement assets, Balance at beginning of year">309</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_986_ecustom--ProvisionForSettlementAssetsReserve_pn3n3_c20210801__20220731_z6H3AiBhs9G7" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Reserve for losses on settlement assets, Additions charged to costs and expenses">348</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_982_ecustom--SettlementAssetsReserveDeductions_iN_pn3n3_di_c20210801__20220731_fKDEp_z358OP65d3Wi" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Reserve for losses on settlement assets, Deductions">(103</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_982_ecustom--SettlementAssetsReserve_iE_pn3n3_c20210801__20220731_z3FYQPRfg2ch" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Reserve for losses on settlement assets, Balance at end of year">554</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 20pt; padding-bottom: 1pt">Total</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98C_ecustom--AllowanceAndReservesDeductedFromAssetAccountsBalance_iS_pn3n3_c20210801__20220731_zay6n2A7oQS3" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Allowance and reserves deducted from asset, Balance at beginning of year">4,438</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--ProvisionForDoubtfulAccounts_pn3n3_c20210801__20220731_zywX2lxrL75c" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Allowance and reserves deducted from asset, Additions charged to costs and expenses">2,330</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98F_ecustom--AllowanceAndReservesDeductedFromAssetAccountsDeductions_iN_pn3n3_di_c20210801__20220731_fKDEp_z47jiwF9W6Mg" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Allowance and reserves deducted from asset, Deductions">(886</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98C_ecustom--AllowanceAndReservesDeductedFromAssetAccountsBalance_iE_pn3n3_c20210801__20220731_z6gOVy9Laf47" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Allowance and reserves deducted from asset, Balance at end of year">5,882</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  </table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 6pt; width: 100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td id="xdx_F0F_z9X9ON5FPA63" style="width: 15pt; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(1)</span></td><td style="width: 5pt"></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span id="xdx_F13_zNG3pS1Hu1Fg" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Primarily uncollectible
accounts written off, net of recoveries.</span></td>
</tr></table>

<p id="xdx_8AF_zDkpVCte4YUg" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementPolicyPolicyTextBlock', window );">Fair Value Measurements</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_84A_eus-gaap--FairValueMeasurementPolicyPolicyTextBlock_zSCVqeFQJQv4" style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_86F_zh3slqpTIq5j">Fair
Value Measurements</span></span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Fair
value of financial and non-financial assets and liabilities is defined as an exit price, which is the price that would be received to
sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The three-tier
hierarchy for inputs used to measure fair value, which prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value, is
as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; width: 10%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Level
    1 &#8211;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; vertical-align: bottom; width: 90%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">quoted
    prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">quoted
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    or indirectly through market corroboration, for substantially the full term of the financial instrument.</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Level
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">unobservable
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">A
financial asset or liability&#8217;s classification within the hierarchy is determined based on the lowest level input that is significant
to the fair value measurement. The assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement requires judgment
and may affect the valuation of the assets and liabilities being measured and their placement within the fair value hierarchy.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>



<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<span></span>
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<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LesseeLeasesPolicyTextBlock', window );">Leases</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_843_eus-gaap--LesseeLeasesPolicyTextBlock_zuFpm1G7FBkd" style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_86E_zkAltCCaJZ1k">Leases</span></span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company determines whether an arrangement is a lease at the inception of the arrangement based on the terms and conditions in the contract.
A contract contains a lease if there is an identified asset which the Company has the right to control. The Company records a right-of-use
(&#8220;ROU&#8221;) asset and a lease liability on the balance sheet on the lease commencement date for all leases with terms longer
than 12 months. Leases are classified as either finance or operating, with classification affecting the pattern of expense recognition
in the income statement. The ROU asset and lease liability are recorded based on the present value of the Company&#8217;s obligation
to make payments over the lease term. The present value of the lease payments is calculated using the incremental borrowing rate based
on the rate of interest that the Company would have to pay to borrow an amount equal to the lease payments on a collateralized basis
over a similar term. The Company recognizes lease cost for its leases on a straight-line basis over the lease term.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsPolicyPolicyTextBlock', window );">Recently Adopted Accounting Standard&#8212;Segment Reporting</a></td>
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<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On
August 1, 2024, the Company adopted ASU No. 2023-07, <i>Segment Reporting (Topic 280)</i>, <i>Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures,
</i>that is intended to improve the disclosures about reportable segments and add more detailed information about a reportable segment&#8217;s
expenses. These changes will affect the Company&#8217;s segment reporting beginning with its Annual Report for fiscal 2025 and its Quarterly
Reports in fiscal 2026 applied retrospectively to all prior periods presented. The amendments in the ASU require public entities to disclose
on an annual and interim basis significant segment expenses that are regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker (&#8220;CODM&#8221;)
and included within each reported measure of segment profit or loss, other segment items by reportable segment, the title and position
of the CODM, and an explanation of how the CODM uses the reported measures of segment profit or loss in assessing segment performance
and deciding how to allocate resources. The ASU does not change the definition of a segment, the method for determining segments, the
criteria for aggregating operating segments into reportable segments, or the current specifically enumerated segment expenses that are
required to be disclosed. The adoption of this ASU did not impact the Company&#8217;s results of operations, cash flows, or financial
condition.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<span></span>
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<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_RecentlyIssuedAccountingStandardsNotYetAdoptedPolicyTextBlock', window );">Recently Issued Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_843_ecustom--RecentlyIssuedAccountingStandardsNotYetAdoptedPolicyTextBlock_zLnMGk9lNtM5" style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_86C_z6XHTmPnRcug">Recently
Issued Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted</span></span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
December 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (&#8220;FASB&#8221;) issued ASU No. 2023-09, <i>Income Taxes (Topic 740)</i>,
<i>Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures</i>, primarily related to the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid disclosures as well
as certain other amendments to income tax disclosures. Entities will be required on an annual basis to consistently categorize and provide
greater disaggregation of rate reconciliation information and further disaggregate their income taxes paid. The Company will adopt the
amendments in this ASU for its fiscal year beginning on August 1, 2025. The amendments in this ASU should be applied on a prospective
basis, although retrospective application is permitted. The Company is evaluating the impact that this ASU will have on its consolidated
financial statements.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-08, <i>Intangibles-Goodwill and Other-Crypto Assets (Subtopic 350-60)</i>, <i>Accounting
for and Disclosure of Crypto Assets</i>, that changes the accounting for crypto assets from a cost-less-impairment model to fair value,
with changes recognized in net income each reporting period. The ASU also requires enhanced disclosures including, among other things,
the name, cost basis, fair value, and number of units for each significant holding, and a rollforward of annual activity including additions,
dispositions, gains, and losses. The Company will adopt the amendments in this ASU for its fiscal year beginning on August 1, 2025. The
ASU requires a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings as of adoption. The Company is evaluating the
impact that this ASU will have on its consolidated financial statements.</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<span></span>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for advertising cost.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for cash and cash equivalents, including the policy for determining which items are treated as cash equivalents. Other information that may be disclosed includes (1) the nature of any restrictions on the entity's use of its cash and cash equivalents, (2) whether the entity's cash and cash equivalents are insured or expose the entity to credit risk, (3) the classification of any negative balance accounts (overdrafts), and (4) the carrying basis of cash equivalents (for example, at cost) and whether the carrying amount of cash equivalents approximates fair value.</p></div>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy regarding (1) the principles it follows in consolidating or combining the separate financial statements, including the principles followed in determining the inclusion or exclusion of subsidiaries or other entities in the consolidated or combined financial statements and (2) its treatment of interests (for example, common stock, a partnership interest or other means of exerting influence) in other entities, for example consolidation or use of the equity or cost methods of accounting. The accounting policy may also address the accounting treatment for intercompany accounts and transactions, noncontrolling interest, and the income statement treatment in consolidation for issuances of stock by a subsidiary.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483426/235-10-50-4<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 810<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481203/810-10-50-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for cost of product sold and service rendered.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 705<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/705/tableOfContent<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CostOfSalesPolicyTextBlock</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for computing basic and diluted earnings or loss per share for each class of common stock and participating security. Addresses all significant policy factors, including any antidilutive items that have been excluded from the computation and takes into account stock dividends, splits and reverse splits that occur after the balance sheet date of the latest reporting period but before the issuance of the financial statements.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482662/260-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482662/260-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482662/260-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EarningsPerSharePolicyTextBlock</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for equity method of accounting for investments and other interests. Investment includes, but is not limited to, unconsolidated subsidiary, corporate joint venture, noncontrolling interest in real estate venture, limited partnership, and limited liability company. Information includes, but is not limited to, ownership percentage, reason equity method is or is not considered appropriate, and accounting policy election for distribution received.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 323<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (a)(2)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481687/323-10-50-3<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 825<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482907/825-10-50-28<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 21D<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 230<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-21D<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentsPolicy</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for fair value measurements of financial and non-financial assets, liabilities and instruments classified in shareholders' equity. Disclosures include, but are not limited to, how an entity that manages a group of financial assets and liabilities on the basis of its net exposure measures the fair value of those assets and liabilities.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementPolicyPolicyTextBlock</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for (1) transactions denominated in a currency other than the reporting enterprise's functional currency, (2) translating foreign currency financial statements that are incorporated into the financial statements of the reporting enterprise by consolidation, combination, or the equity method of accounting, and (3) remeasurement of the financial statements of a foreign reporting enterprise in a hyperinflationary economy.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 830<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/830/tableOfContent<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionsAndTranslationsPolicyTextBlock</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_GoodwillAndIntangibleAssetsGoodwillPolicy">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for goodwill. This accounting policy also may address how an entity assesses and measures impairment of goodwill, how reporting units are determined, how goodwill is allocated to such units, and how the fair values of the reporting units are determined.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 350<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 24<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482548/350-20-55-24<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 350<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482573/350-20-50-2<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 350<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/350-20/tableOfContent<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_GoodwillAndIntangibleAssetsGoodwillPolicy</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for income taxes, which may include its accounting policies for recognizing and measuring deferred tax assets and liabilities and related valuation allowances, recognizing investment tax credits, operating loss carryforwards, tax credit carryforwards, and other carryforwards, methodologies for determining its effective income tax rate and the characterization of interest and penalties in the financial statements.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 20<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-20<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 19<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-19<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 25<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482525/740-10-45-25<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-03(h)(1))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479886/946-10-S99-3<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 17<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-17<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 9<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-9<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482525/740-10-45-28<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482765/220-10-50-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeTaxPolicyTextBlock</td>
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<tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_InternalUseSoftwarePolicy">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for costs incurred when both (1) the software is acquired, internally developed, or modified solely to meet the entity's internal needs, and (2) during the software's development or modification, no substantive plan exists or is being developed to market the software externally.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 350<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/350-40/tableOfContent<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InternalUseSoftwarePolicy</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_InventoryPolicyTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of inventory accounting policy for inventory classes, including, but not limited to, basis for determining inventory amounts, methods by which amounts are added and removed from inventory classes, loss recognition on impairment of inventories, and situations in which inventories are stated above cost.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(6)(b))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 330<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483080/330-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483489/210-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483426/235-10-50-4<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 912<br> -SubTopic 330<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478411/912-330-50-1<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 330<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/330/tableOfContent<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 330<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483080/330-10-50-4<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 270<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482989/270-10-45-6<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InventoryPolicyTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_InvestmentPolicyTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for investment in financial asset.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-04(3)(b))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477250/944-220-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-03(d))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479886/946-10-S99-3<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-03(f)(1))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479886/946-10-S99-3<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-03(f)(2))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479886/946-10-S99-3<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-03(f)(3))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479886/946-10-S99-3<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 320<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 12<br> -Subparagraph (i)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477271/946-320-S99-12<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 320<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 19<br> -Subparagraph (2)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477271/946-320-S99-19<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InvestmentPolicyTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LesseeLeasesPolicyTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for leasing arrangement entered into by lessee.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478964/842-20-50-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LesseeLeasesPolicyTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_MaintenanceCostPolicyPolicyTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of the accounting policy for maintenance costs. Does not include planned major maintenance activities.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_MaintenanceCostPolicyPolicyTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_MarketableSecuritiesPolicy">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for investment classified as marketable security.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 320<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477268/942-320-50-5<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_MarketableSecuritiesPolicy</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsPolicyPolicyTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy pertaining to new accounting pronouncements that may impact the entity's financial reporting. Includes, but is not limited to, quantification of the expected or actual impact.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsPolicyPolicyTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PriorPeriodReclassificationAdjustmentDescription">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for reclassification affecting comparability of financial statement. Excludes amendment to accounting standards, other change in accounting principle, and correction of error.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 205<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483504/205-10-50-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PriorPeriodReclassificationAdjustmentDescription</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentPolicyTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for long-lived, physical asset used in normal conduct of business and not intended for resale. Includes, but is not limited to, work of art, historical treasure, and similar asset classified as collections.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 360<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482099/360-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(8)(a))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478777/944-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -SubTopic 360<br> -Topic 958<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477798/958-360-50-6<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -SubTopic 360<br> -Topic 958<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477798/958-360-50-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentPolicyTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RevenueRecognitionPolicyTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for revenue. Includes revenue from contract with customer and from other sources.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-07(1))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479134/946-220-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483426/235-10-50-4<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Subparagraph (e)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 235<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483426/235-10-50-4<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RevenueRecognitionPolicyTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationOptionAndIncentivePlansPolicy">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for award under share-based payment arrangement. Includes, but is not limited to, methodology and assumption used in measuring cost.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (f)(1)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (f)(2)(i)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (f)(2)(ii)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (f)(2)(v)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 14.C.Q3)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479830/718-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 14.D.1.Q5)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479830/718-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 14.D.3.Q2)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479830/718-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 14.D.2.Q6)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479830/718-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/718/tableOfContent<br><br>Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (f)(2)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for the use of estimates in the preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles.</p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.3</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm45266149318688">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2024</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract', window );"><strong>Accounting Policies [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfErrorCorrectionsAndPriorPeriodAdjustmentsTextBlock', window );">Schedule of Amount that were Reclassified</a></td>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
following table shows the amounts that were reclassified in fiscal 2023 and fiscal 2022 to conform to the current year&#8217;s presentation:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;<span id="xdx_8B6_z6ud8mTfybRj" style="display: none">Schedule
of Amount that were Reclassified</span></span></p>

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    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Selling, general and administrative expense</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2,862</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">12,758</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr id="xdx_403_eus-gaap--DepreciationAndAmortization_hsrt--RestatementAxis__srt--ScenarioPreviouslyReportedMember__us-gaap--IncomeStatementLocationAxis__custom--TechnologyAndDevelopmentExpenseMember_zVu48QfOx2Kj" style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfEarningsPerShareDilutedByCommonClassTextBlock', window );">Schedule of Weighted-average Number of Shares Used in the Calculation of Basic and Diluted Earnings Per Share</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_893_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfEarningsPerShareDilutedByCommonClassTextBlock_zxGUjGZ2HVth" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
weighted-average number of shares used in the calculation of basic and diluted earnings per share attributable to the Company&#8217;s
common stockholders consists of the following:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;<span id="xdx_8BE_zW4lZwULr7A2" style="display: none">Schedule of Weighted-average Number of Shares Used in the Calculation of Basic and Diluted Earnings Per Share</span></span></p>

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    <td style="width: 52%">Basic weighted-average number of shares</td><td style="width: 2%; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 12%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">25,241</td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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  <tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToNonvestedSharesWithForfeitableDividends_pn3n3_zjNN2HCbT5th" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr id="xdx_40B_eus-gaap--WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding_pn3n3_zVPhqI2ww3L9" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  </table>

<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountsReceivableAllowanceForCreditLossTableTextBlock', window );">Schedule of Changes In Allowance and Reserves Deducted From Asset Accounts</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_89F_eus-gaap--AccountsReceivableAllowanceForCreditLossTableTextBlock_ztzPbgnVIHgc" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
changes in the allowance and reserves deducted from asset accounts is as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;<span id="xdx_8B4_zZreWFoiz1pd" style="display: none">Schedule of Changes In Allowance and Reserves Deducted From Asset Accounts</span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">Year ended July 31 <br/>(in thousands)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">Additions charged to costs and expenses</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">Deductions <br/>(1)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">Balance at end of year</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">2024</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">Deducted from asset accounts:</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 20pt; width: 40%; text-align: left">Allowance for credit losses</td><td style="width: 2%; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent_iS_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731_zHsTWeGxVFt5" style="width: 11%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Allowance for doubtful accounts, Balance at beginning of year">5,642</td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 2%; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98D_ecustom--ProvisionForAccountsReceivableDoubtfulAccounts_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731_zshT59LFM2Ga" style="width: 11%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Allowance for doubtful accounts, Additions charged to costs and expenses">3,402</td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 2%; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableWriteOffs_iN_pn3n3_di_c20230801__20240731_fKDEp_zPiRObONBhCk" style="width: 11%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Allowance for doubtful accounts, Deductions">(2,692</td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td style="width: 2%; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent_iE_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731_zCw4fAj0MgDc" style="width: 11%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Allowance for doubtful accounts, Balance at end of year">6,352</td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 20pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Reserve for losses on settlement assets</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98B_ecustom--SettlementAssetsReserve_iS_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731_z7vCSXqdlBa8" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Reserve for losses on settlement assets, Balance at beginning of year">1,143</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_984_ecustom--ProvisionForSettlementAssetsReserve_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731_z6humRffmc15" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Reserve for losses on settlement assets, Additions charged to costs and expenses">988</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_983_ecustom--SettlementAssetsReserveDeductions_iN_pn3n3_di_c20230801__20240731_fKDEp_zmecqNnnnfcd" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Reserve for losses on settlement assets, Deductions">(265</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98D_ecustom--SettlementAssetsReserve_iE_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731_z5oWHvvZ9QKi" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Reserve for losses on settlement assets, Balance at end of year">1,866</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 20pt; padding-bottom: 1pt">Total</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_989_ecustom--AllowanceAndReservesDeductedFromAssetAccountsBalance_iS_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731_zJKxiyxqQPDh" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Allowance and reserves deducted from asset, Balance at beginning of year">6,785</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--ProvisionForDoubtfulAccounts_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731_zh6SzdVp62Ij" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Allowance and reserves deducted from asset, Additions charged to costs and expenses">4,390</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98F_ecustom--AllowanceAndReservesDeductedFromAssetAccountsDeductions_iN_pn3n3_di_c20230801__20240731_fKDEp_zuKZh0QTcMd9" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Allowance and reserves deducted from asset, Deductions">(2,957</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_985_ecustom--AllowanceAndReservesDeductedFromAssetAccountsBalance_iE_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731_za8l6Ekook4f" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Allowance and reserves deducted from asset, Balance at end of year">8,218</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">2023</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">Deducted from asset accounts:</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 20pt; text-align: left">Allowance for doubtful accounts</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent_iS_pn3n3_c20220801__20230731_zyDvvx84yO4a" style="text-align: right" title="Allowance for doubtful accounts, Balance at beginning of year">5,328</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_982_ecustom--ProvisionForAccountsReceivableDoubtfulAccounts_pn3n3_c20220801__20230731_zSlY661ObPLb" style="text-align: right" title="Allowance for doubtful accounts, Additions charged to costs and expenses">1,578</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableWriteOffs_iN_pn3n3_di_c20220801__20230731_fKDEp_zFzeaZUERiy5" style="text-align: right" title="Allowance for doubtful accounts, Deductions">(1,264</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent_iE_pn3n3_c20220801__20230731_zrZKcCIbbQNe" style="text-align: right" title="Allowance for doubtful accounts, Balance at end of year">5,642</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 20pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Reserve for losses on settlement assets</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98F_ecustom--SettlementAssetsReserve_iS_pn3n3_c20220801__20230731_zM7ssqfNPgLa" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Reserve for losses on settlement assets, Balance at beginning of year">554</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_989_ecustom--ProvisionForSettlementAssetsReserve_pn3n3_c20220801__20230731_zkDSuD4S6CSb" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Reserve for losses on settlement assets, Additions charged to costs and expenses">620</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98D_ecustom--SettlementAssetsReserveDeductions_iN_pn3n3_di_c20220801__20230731_fKDEp_z4m9NKtQIC3g" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Reserve for losses on settlement assets, Deductions">(31</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_984_ecustom--SettlementAssetsReserve_iE_pn3n3_c20220801__20230731_zJASWl1BVGEl" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Reserve for losses on settlement assets, Balance at end of year">1,143</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 20pt; padding-bottom: 1pt">Total</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_986_ecustom--AllowanceAndReservesDeductedFromAssetAccountsBalance_iS_pn3n3_c20220801__20230731_z5o3GdYNxE46" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Allowance and reserves deducted from asset, Balance at beginning of year">5,882</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--ProvisionForDoubtfulAccounts_pn3n3_c20220801__20230731_z7cecI69oGij" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Allowance and reserves deducted from asset, Additions charged to costs and expenses">2,198</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_983_ecustom--AllowanceAndReservesDeductedFromAssetAccountsDeductions_iN_pn3n3_di_c20220801__20230731_fKDEp_zERNPXntbNvi" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Allowance and reserves deducted from asset, Deductions">(1,295</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_980_ecustom--AllowanceAndReservesDeductedFromAssetAccountsBalance_iE_pn3n3_c20220801__20230731_z0zQRRdKMUHa" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Allowance and reserves deducted from asset, Balance at end of year">6,785</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">2022</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">Deducted from asset accounts:</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 20pt; text-align: left">Allowance for doubtful accounts</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent_iS_pn3n3_c20210801__20220731_zu4zqFKL4Y0b" style="text-align: right" title="Allowance for doubtful accounts, Balance at beginning of year">4,129</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_980_ecustom--ProvisionForAccountsReceivableDoubtfulAccounts_pn3n3_c20210801__20220731_zbrfT7NXXDC6" style="text-align: right" title="Allowance for doubtful accounts, Additions charged to costs and expenses">1,982</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableWriteOffs_iN_pn3n3_di_c20210801__20220731_fKDEp_zqrtnME8nnJh" style="text-align: right" title="Allowance for doubtful accounts, Deductions">(783</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent_iE_pn3n3_c20210801__20220731_zGc7jbVBZPMb" style="text-align: right" title="Allowance for doubtful accounts, Balance at end of year">5,328</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 6pt; width: 100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td id="xdx_F0F_z9X9ON5FPA63" style="width: 15pt; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(1)</span></td><td style="width: 5pt"></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span id="xdx_F13_zNG3pS1Hu1Fg" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Primarily uncollectible
accounts written off, net of recoveries.</span></td>
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<span></span>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of the effect of income (loss) on an entity's diluted earnings per share.</p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.3</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm45266145689872">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Business Segment Information (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2024</div></th></tr>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfSegmentReportingInformationBySegmentTextBlock', window );">Schedule of Operating Results of Business Segments</a></td>
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<p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span id="xdx_8BF_zkB6lFF6YP32" style="display: none">Schedule of Operating Results of Business Segments</span></p>

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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LongLivedAssetsByGeographicAreasTableTextBlock', window );">Schedule of Net Long-lived Assets and Total Assets by Geographic Areas</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_897_eus-gaap--LongLivedAssetsByGeographicAreasTableTextBlock_zN9DY2ZTj6ql" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Net
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span id="xdx_8B6_zoWAdLvHBqgc" style="display: none">Schedule of Net Long-lived Assets and Total Assets by Geographic Areas</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">(in thousands)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">14,780</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">44,195</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">267,746</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">510,810</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of long-lived assets, excluding financial instruments, long-term customer relationships of a financial institution, mortgage rights, deferred policy acquisition costs, and deferred tax assets, by geographic areas located in the entity's country of domicile and foreign countries in which the entity holds assets.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of the profit or loss and total assets for each reportable segment. An entity discloses certain information on each reportable segment if the amounts (a) are included in the measure of segment profit or loss reviewed by the chief operating decision maker or (b) are otherwise regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker, even if not included in that measure of segment profit or loss.</p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.3</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm45266149900976">
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<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Revenue Recognition (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
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<tr><th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2024</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerAbstract', window );"><strong>Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfEntityWideInformationRevenueFromExternalCustomersByProductsAndServicesTextBlock', window );">Schedule of Revenues Disaggregated by Business Segment and Service Offered to Customers</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_89F_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfEntityWideInformationRevenueFromExternalCustomersByProductsAndServicesTextBlock_zNFwZjHcco0e" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
following table shows the Company&#8217;s revenues disaggregated by business segment and service offered to customers:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span id="xdx_8B3_zugOsZQtxgza" style="display: none">Schedule of Revenues Disaggregated by Business Segment and Service Offered to Customers</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">Year ended July 31<br/> (in thousands)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 12%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">103,141</td><td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 2%; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_hsrt--ProductOrServiceAxis__custom--BOSSRevolutionMoneyTransferMember__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--FintechMember_zVSHrBL4iYPd" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">BOSS Money</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">76,928</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">55,561</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_405_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_hsrt--ProductOrServiceAxis__custom--OtherMember__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--FintechMember_zZRR1821GcRk" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1pt">Other</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">12,389</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">9,682</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">9,032</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40B_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_hus-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--FintechMember_zydIsMQnn55d" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Total Fintech</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">86,610</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_hus-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--Net2phoneMember_zWUITBSV2WZj" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">82,325</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">58,185</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40B_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_hsrt--ProductOrServiceAxis__custom--IDTDigitalPaymentsMember__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--TraditionalCommunicationsMember_zw1ABTrSE9Vb" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">IDT Digital Payments</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">417,057</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">473,215</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_hsrt--ProductOrServiceAxis__custom--BOSSRevolutionMember__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--TraditionalCommunicationsMember_zbgFrDWL98B3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">BOSS Revolution </td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">263,215</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">322,134</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">387,937</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40B_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_hsrt--ProductOrServiceAxis__custom--IDTGlobalMember__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--TraditionalCommunicationsMember_zZIYBUEZCwl1" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">IDT Global</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">201,119</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">230,281</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">292,337</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_hsrt--ProductOrServiceAxis__custom--OtherMember__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--TraditionalCommunicationsMember_zL7cP0HIoCZd" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1pt">Other</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">27,827</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">33,269</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">36,491</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40B_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_hus-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--TraditionalCommunicationsMember_zIUjXBp6QUn7" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Total Traditional Communications</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">899,591</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">1,002,741</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">1,189,980</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zuoizsEssO4" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">TOTAL</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">1,205,778</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">1,238,854</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">1,364,057</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_z0ab0oMIpsn7" style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Revenues</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">1,205,778</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">1,364,057</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
</table>

<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueFromExternalCustomersByGeographicAreasTableTextBlock', window );">Schedule of Revenues Disaggregated by Geographic Region</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_897_eus-gaap--RevenueFromExternalCustomersByGeographicAreasTableTextBlock_zjnpJcJx41N1" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
following table shows the Company&#8217;s revenues disaggregated by geographic region, which is determined based on selling location:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span id="xdx_8BC_z04CQfslNBah" style="display: none">Schedule of Revenues Disaggregated by Geographic Region</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left; font-size: 9pt">(in thousands)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right; font-size: 9pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="3" id="xdx_4BA_us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember_zc0sgK5eUnif" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right; font-size: 9pt">National Retail Solutions</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right; font-size: 9pt">&#160;</td>
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    <td colspan="3" id="xdx_4B9_us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_custom--Net2phoneMember_zjEn3jnR0Z54" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right; font-size: 9pt">net2phone</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right; font-size: 9pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-weight: bold">Year ended July 31, 2024</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="3">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="3">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="3">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="3">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr id="xdx_431_c20230801__20240731__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__country--US_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_ztigETYAJRGl" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="width: 35%; text-align: left">United States</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">103,141</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">922,950</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">Outside the United States:</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr id="xdx_436_c20230801__20240731__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__country--GB_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_z2PgodpI8Qe1" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">United Kingdom</td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr id="xdx_43F_c20230801__20240731__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__custom--OthersMember_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_z9sMKr5acKUc" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">Other</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">31,638</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr id="xdx_43D_c20230801__20240731__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__us-gaap--NonUsMember_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zVKxKSCv6Sg4" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr id="xdx_435_c20230801__20240731_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zAzcrj7NFmg4" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_43D_c20220801__20230731__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__country--US_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zHrjb9tevTN8" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">38,029</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">Outside the United States:</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_43C_c20220801__20230731__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__country--GB_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zDPDfQyUb1G8" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">United Kingdom</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1378">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1379">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">267,697</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">267,697</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_432_c20220801__20230731__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__custom--OthersMember_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zelNpUyJGNgi" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">Other</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1383">&#8212;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2,727</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">34,359</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">41,851</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">78,937</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_432_c20220801__20230731__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__us-gaap--NonUsMember_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zCKwQAeLn6Y3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1389">&#8212;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2,727</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">34,359</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">309,548</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">346,634</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_439_c20220801__20230731_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_z38UviCjvS33" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">TOTAL</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">86,610</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">72,388</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">1,002,741</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">1,238,854</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-weight: bold">Year ended July 31, 2022</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_434_c20210801__20220731__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__country--US_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zqVcleblNGLa" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">United States</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">62,598</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">30,283</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">829,355</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">973,535</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">Outside the United States:</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_432_c20210801__20220731__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__country--GB_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zUr6hJLzcGJe" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">United Kingdom</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1407">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1408">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1409">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">311,847</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">311,847</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_436_c20210801__20220731__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__custom--OthersMember_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_z7Vemjtc5cf9" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">Other</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1413">&#8212;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">1,995</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">27,902</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">48,778</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">78,675</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_430_c20210801__20220731__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__us-gaap--NonUsMember_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zVJ4CND8eEC7" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">Total outside the United States</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1419">&#8212;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">1,995</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">27,902</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">360,625</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">390,522</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_437_c20210801__20220731_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zuDZPUZBsqml" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">TOTAL</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">64,593</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">58,185</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">1,189,980</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">1,364,057</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  </table>
<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionTableTextBlock', window );">Schedule of Estimated Revenue by Business Segment</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_89C_eus-gaap--RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionTableTextBlock_zBvD8ViZ0NE2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
following table includes revenue by business segment expected to be recognized in the future from performance obligations that were unsatisfied
or partially unsatisfied as of July 31, 2024. The table excludes contracts that had an original expected duration of one year or less.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span id="xdx_8B7_z7JKZsKGlE9g" style="display: none">Schedule of Deferred Customer Contract Acquisition Costs</span></p>

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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">9,099</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.3</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm45266148700144">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Leases (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2024</div></th></tr>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_DisclosureLeasesAbstract', window );"><strong>Leases</strong></a></td>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LeaseCostTableTextBlock', window );">Schedule of Supplemental Disclosures Related to the Company's Operating Leases</a></td>
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<p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span id="xdx_8B2_zHpLEnnEi8sa" style="display: none">Schedule of Supplemental Disclosures Related to the Company's Operating Leases</span></p>

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  <tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseCost_pn3n3_zNqU7SwHBQvh" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 52%; text-align: left">Operating lease cost</td><td style="width: 2%; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 12%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">2,557</td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 12%; text-align: right">3,175</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 12%; text-align: right">2,901</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--ShortTermLeaseCost_pn3n3_zCVUjtrpjlN9" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Short-term lease cost</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">924</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">1,095</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">1,348</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--LeaseCost_pn3n3_zROH8j7tzwSb" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">TOTAL LEASE COST</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">3,481</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">4,270</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">4,249</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: justify">Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities: </td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_405_eus-gaap--OperatingLeasePayments_pn3n3_zVqnH8yJpxWk" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify; padding-bottom: 1pt">Operating cash flows from operating leases</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">2,588</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">3,262</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2,857</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--OperatingLeasePayments_pn3n3_zmELZXkvld9l" style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify; padding-bottom: 1pt">Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities: Operating cash flows from operating leases</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">2,588</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">3,262</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2,857</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  </table>

<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_ScheduleOfSupplementalDisclosuresRelatedWeightedAverageOperatingLeasesTableTextBlock', window );">Schedule of Supplemental Disclosures Related Weighted Average Operating Leases</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_89B_ecustom--ScheduleOfSupplementalDisclosuresRelatedWeightedAverageOperatingLeasesTableTextBlock_zEOBXYC1s9Xl" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_8B1_zPYCt44yZdh9" style="display: none">Schedule of Supplemental Disclosures Related Weighted Average Operating Leases</span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">July 31</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Weighted-average remaining lease term-operating leases</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageRemainingLeaseTerm1_iI_dtY_c20240731_zrlKQFVSYgq2" title="Operating lease, weighted average remaining lease term">2.6</span> years</b></span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageRemainingLeaseTerm1_iI_dtY_c20230731_zTsCqGin9A5a" title="Operating lease, weighted average remaining lease term">2.3</span> years</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="width: 60%; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Weighted-average discount rate-operating leases</td><td style="width: 2%; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 16%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageDiscountRatePercent_iI_pid_dp_uPure_c20240731_zzdkgXQP5ys9" title="Operating lease, weighted average discount rate, percent">5.6</span></td><td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">%</td><td style="width: 2%; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 16%; text-align: right"><span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageDiscountRatePercent_iI_pid_dp_uPure_c20230731_zh0kg3Btcpui" title="Operating lease, weighted average discount rate, percent">3.7</span></td><td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">%</td></tr>
  </table>

<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_ScheduleOfOperatingLeaseLiabilityTableTextBlock', window );">Schedule of Aggregate Operating Lease Liability</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_891_ecustom--ScheduleOfOperatingLeaseLiabilityTableTextBlock_zHUKYacN2bK9" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company&#8217;s aggregate operating lease liability was as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span id="xdx_8B7_zr1v0aBwmhf" style="display: none">Schedule of Aggregate Operating Lease Liability</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">July 31 <br/> (in thousands)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_491_20240731_zRREVTepDxSk" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_496_20230731_znmhV8mwk3i6" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent_iI_pn3n3_maOLLzDbj_zkYBcHEGwge4" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 60%; text-align: left">Operating lease liabilities included in &#8220;<span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrentStatementOfFinancialPositionExtensibleList_iI_dxL_c20230731_zP7WbydcwYy8" title="::XDX::http%3A%2F%2Ffasb.org%2Fus-gaap%2F2024%23OtherLiabilitiesCurrent"><span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrentStatementOfFinancialPositionExtensibleList_iI_dxL_c20240731_zuTHYpqpX6Sd" title="::XDX::http%3A%2F%2Ffasb.org%2Fus-gaap%2F2024%23OtherLiabilitiesCurrent"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1540"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1541">Other current liabilities</span></span></span></span>&#8221;</td><td style="width: 2%; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 16%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">1,866</td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 16%; text-align: right">2,861</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent_iI_pn3n3_maOLLzDbj_zA9gw6OtuWXf" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Operating lease liabilities included in noncurrent liabilities</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">1,533</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2,881</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40C_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseLiability_iTI_pn3n3_mtOLLzDbj_zJsC8YEhoMhg" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">TOTAL</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">3,399</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">5,742</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  </table>

<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityMaturityTableTextBlock', window );">Schedule of Future Minimum Maturities of Operating Lease Liabilities</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_890_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityMaturityTableTextBlock_zGVwfFECj1ek" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Future
minimum maturities of operating lease liabilities were as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;<span id="xdx_8B4_zkYFeuLmOupc" style="display: none">Schedule of Future Minimum Maturities of Operating Lease Liabilities</span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">(in thousands)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_49F_20240731_zw2u7whHLB86" style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">Year ending July 31:</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_404_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueNextRollingTwelveMonths_iI_pn3n3_maLOLLPzXtU_zwAXmw6RZJqe" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; width: 78%; text-align: left">2025</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 18%; text-align: right">2,002</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearTwo_iI_pn3n3_maLOLLPzXtU_zKCfniT9hYR3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">2026</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">699</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearThree_iI_pn3n3_maLOLLPzXtU_zTUcxEsY3u92" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">2027</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">490</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearFour_iI_pn3n3_maLOLLPzXtU_zABO13U99R6e" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">2028</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">233</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_403_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearFive_iI_pn3n3_maLOLLPzXtU_ztOeVwepFDy1" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">2029</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">185</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_409_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueAfterRollingYearFive_iI_pn3n3_maLOLLPzXtU_zZydDXpgfOPj" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Thereafter</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">62</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue_iTI_pn3n3_mtLOLLPzXtU_z9gmXPll4na1" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Total lease payments</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">3,671</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_405_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityUndiscountedExcessAmount_iNI_pn3n3_di_z7d0UvSEkwt1" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Less imputed interest</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(272</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseLiability_iI_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Total operating lease liabilities</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">3,399</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  </table>

<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_DisclosureLeasesAbstract">
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<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_DisclosureLeasesAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Schedule of Operating Lease Liability [Table Text Block]</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_ScheduleOfOperatingLeaseLiabilityTableTextBlock</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:textBlockItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td>duration</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_ScheduleOfSupplementalDisclosuresRelatedWeightedAverageOperatingLeasesTableTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Schedule of Supplemental Disclosures Related Weighted Average Operating Leases [Table Text Block]</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_ScheduleOfSupplementalDisclosuresRelatedWeightedAverageOperatingLeasesTableTextBlock</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of lessee's lease cost. Includes, but is not limited to, interest expense for finance lease, amortization of right-of-use asset for finance lease, operating lease cost, short-term lease cost, variable lease cost and sublease income.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478964/842-20-50-4<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LeaseCostTableTextBlock</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:textBlockItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityMaturityTableTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of undiscounted cash flows of lessee's operating lease liability. Includes, but is not limited to, reconciliation of undiscounted cash flows to operating lease liability recognized in statement of financial position.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478964/842-20-50-6<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityMaturityTableTextBlock</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.3</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm45266149151968">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2024</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAbstract', window );"><strong>Cash and Cash Equivalents [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfCashAndCashEquivalentsTableTextBlock', window );">Schedule of Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_89A_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfCashAndCashEquivalentsTableTextBlock_zUogZGdTJZf5" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash and cash equivalents reported in the consolidated
balance sheets that equals the total of the same amounts reported in the consolidated statements of cash flows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span id="xdx_8B5_z09Bd8MI8TAl" style="display: none">Schedule of Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">July 31 <br/> (in thousands)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_493_20240731_zVhC94RRoAnk" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_49F_20230731_zf741tTuQqLg" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_iI_pn3n3_maCCERCzDIV_z2yttfNjItfd" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 60%; text-align: left">Cash and cash equivalents</td><td style="width: 2%; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 16%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">164,557</td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 16%; text-align: right">103,637</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_iI_pn3n3_maCCERCzDIV_z5vNHszU1RM8" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Restricted cash and cash equivalents</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">90,899</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">95,186</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_403_eus-gaap--CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents_iTI_pn3n3_mtCCERCzDIV_zrvdqX7ohgEc" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">TOTAL CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS, AND RESTRICTED CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">255,456</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">198,823</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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<span></span>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAbstract</td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of the components of cash and cash equivalents.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ScheduleOfCashAndCashEquivalentsTableTextBlock</td>
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<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.3</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm45266145393536">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Acquisitions (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2024</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BusinessAcquisitionLineItems', window );"><strong>Business Acquisition [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfBusinessAcquisitionsByAcquisitionContingentConsiderationTextBlock', window );">Schedule of Acquisition Date Fair Value of Consideration</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_890_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfBusinessAcquisitionsByAcquisitionContingentConsiderationTextBlock_zFhgQ9BjbdQj" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
acquisition date fair value of the consideration consisted of the following:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span id="xdx_8B3_z4ZgqhYRKmW4" style="display: none">Schedule of Acquisition Date Fair Value of Consideration</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: auto; border-collapse: collapse; width: 80%; margin-right: auto">
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">(in thousands)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_49B_20220302__20220303__us-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionAxis__custom--IntegraCCSMember_zHiIUyIqRcVf">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_404_eus-gaap--PaymentsToAcquireBusinessesGross_pn3n3_zqV4F4zROTw7" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 78%; text-align: left">Cash paid</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 18%; text-align: right">7,200</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--CashAcquiredFromAcquisition_iN_pn3n3_di_zB9hF8wjk1p2" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Cash acquired</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(81</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_403_eus-gaap--PaymentsToAcquireBusinessesNetOfCashAcquired_pn3n3_zN5QJ7j0FOCi" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">Cash paid, net of cash acquired</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">7,119</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_406_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueAcquisitions_pn3n3_zFiPGGUFo3Xe" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Shares of the Company&#8217;s Class B common stock</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">1,000</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferredLiabilitiesIncurred_pn3n3_zCPs2tsw6G2i" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">Future payments subject to holdback</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">3,158</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Contingent consideration</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent_iI_pn3n3_c20220303__us-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionAxis__custom--IntegraCCSMember_zyhL9osDnRD2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Contingent consideration">1,361</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_409_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferred1_pn3n3_zfsFaQy1WDK" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Total fair value of consideration, net of cash acquired</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">12,638</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  </table>

<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BusinessAcquisitionAxis=IDT_IntegraCCSMember', window );">Integra CCS [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BusinessAcquisitionLineItems', window );"><strong>Business Acquisition [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfBusinessAcquisitionsByAcquisitionTextBlock', window );">Schedule of Impact of Acquisition's Purchase Price Allocations on Consolidated Balance Sheet</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_89B_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfBusinessAcquisitionsByAcquisitionTextBlock_hus-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionAxis__custom--IntegraCCSMember_zFeb5eqmOol4" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
impact of the acquisition&#8217;s purchase price allocations on the Company&#8217;s consolidated balance sheet was as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span id="xdx_8B6_zICN0v9UKU61" style="display: none">Schedule of Impact of Acquisition's Purchase Price Allocations on Consolidated Balance Sheet</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: auto; border-collapse: collapse; width: 80%; margin-right: auto">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">(in thousands)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_496_20230303__us-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionAxis__custom--IntegraCCSMember_zlP4CJMN9GLl">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCurrentAssetsReceivables_iI_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 78%; text-align: left">Trade accounts receivable</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
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  <tr id="xdx_404_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCurrentAssetsPrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssets_iI_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Prepaid expenses</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">4</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCurrentAssetsOther_iI_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">Other current assets</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">21</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40C_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCurrentAssets_iI_pn3n3_zJAg4KRWUCWc" style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Current assets</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedPropertyPlantAndEquipment_iI_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Property, plant, and equipment (mainly acquired technology)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">777</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_404_eus-gaap--Goodwill_iI_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td>Goodwill</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">8,433</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_407_ecustom--BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCustomerRelationships_iI_pn3n3_zLncY2Eq1tKj" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Customer relationships (<span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNjaGVkdWxlIG9mIEltcGFjdCBvZiBBY3F1aXNpdGlvbidzIFB1cmNoYXNlIFByaWNlIEFsbG9jYXRpb25zIG9uIENvbnNvbGlkYXRlZCBCYWxhbmNlIFNoZWV0IChEZXRhaWxzKSAoUGFyZW50aGV0aWNhbCkA" id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetUsefulLife_iI_dtY_c20220303__us-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionAxis__custom--IntegraCCSMember__us-gaap--FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis__us-gaap--CustomerRelationshipsMember_z6vtuZJYgLgh" title="Useful lives, years">7</span>-year useful lives) </td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">2,230</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedIntangibles_iI_pn3n3_zq0gDZWa79Y9" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">Tradename (<span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNjaGVkdWxlIG9mIEltcGFjdCBvZiBBY3F1aXNpdGlvbidzIFB1cmNoYXNlIFByaWNlIEFsbG9jYXRpb25zIG9uIENvbnNvbGlkYXRlZCBCYWxhbmNlIFNoZWV0IChEZXRhaWxzKSAoUGFyZW50aGV0aWNhbCkA" id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetUsefulLife_iI_dtY_c20220303__us-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionAxis__custom--IntegraCCSMember__us-gaap--FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis__us-gaap--TradeNamesMember_zqArZHcNfkge" title="Useful lives, years">5</span>-year useful life)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">400</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40F_ecustom--BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedNonCompleteAgreements_iI_pn3n3_z6ieKln4bZla" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Non-compete agreements (<span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNjaGVkdWxlIG9mIEltcGFjdCBvZiBBY3F1aXNpdGlvbidzIFB1cmNoYXNlIFByaWNlIEFsbG9jYXRpb25zIG9uIENvbnNvbGlkYXRlZCBCYWxhbmNlIFNoZWV0IChEZXRhaWxzKSAoUGFyZW50aGV0aWNhbCkA" id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetUsefulLife_iI_dtY_c20220303__us-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionAxis__custom--IntegraCCSMember__us-gaap--FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis__us-gaap--NoncompeteAgreementsMember_zpphyM6vnfH2" title="Useful lives, years">6</span>-year useful lives)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">660</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_406_ecustom--BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedOperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset_iI_pn3n3_zTydZqjmc0if" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">Operating lease right-of-use asset</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">732</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_406_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedOtherNoncurrentAssets_iI_pn3n3_zVxJc6c1MUV9" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Other assets</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">24</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_403_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedDeferredTaxAssets_iI_pn3n3_zJw7dWNxZnYi" style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Deferred income tax assets</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCurrentLiabilitiesAccountsPayable_iNI_pn3n3_di_zRzxu7rR6Iac" style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Trade accounts payable</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40B_ecustom--BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedLiabilitiesOther_iNI_pn3n3_di_zS7AmnUp78S5" style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Other current liabilities</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40D_ecustom--BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCurrentLiabilitiesAccruedLiabilities_iNI_pn3n3_di_z7Ai6V4h0A1f" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">Accrued expenses</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(243</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40A_ecustom--BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedOperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_zHuhMoDCqUC8" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Operating lease liability current portion</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(176</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_406_ecustom--BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedOperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_za0oom91pr1a" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Operating lease liability noncurrent portion</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(556</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredGoodwillAndLiabilitiesAssumedNet_iI_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Net assets acquired excluding cash</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">12,638</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  </table>

<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BusinessAcquisitionAxis=IDT_LeafGlobalFintechCorporationMember', window );">Leaf Global Fintech Corporation [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BusinessAcquisitionLineItems', window );"><strong>Business Acquisition [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfBusinessAcquisitionsByAcquisitionContingentConsiderationTextBlock', window );">Schedule of Acquisition Date Fair Value of Consideration</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_891_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfBusinessAcquisitionsByAcquisitionContingentConsiderationTextBlock_hus-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionAxis__custom--LeafGlobalFintechCorporationMember_zBw3Z3cFGVS" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
acquisition date fair value of the consideration consisted of the following:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span id="xdx_8B9_zV3a3UrlTC8k" style="display: none">Schedule of Acquisition Date Fair Value of Consideration</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: auto; border-collapse: collapse; width: 80%; margin-right: auto">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">(in thousands)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_490_20220227__20220301__us-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionAxis__custom--LeafGlobalFintechCorporationMember_z1Bt2R9eG7l2">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--PaymentsToAcquireBusinessesGross_pn3n3_zUTexbxAx602" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 78%; text-align: left">Cash paid</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 18%; text-align: right">500</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_409_eus-gaap--CashAcquiredFromAcquisition_iN_pn3n3_di_zmxSD1PTMmf4" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Cash acquired</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(167</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--PaymentsToAcquireBusinessesNetOfCashAcquired_pn3n3_zYjtUxKhhVqk" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">Cash paid, net of cash acquired</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">333</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Contingent consideration</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent_iI_pn3n3_c20220301__us-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionAxis__custom--LeafGlobalFintechCorporationMember_zHPPxw6UfGUf" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Contingent consideration">3,330</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40A_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferred1_pn3n3_zlk1fYMTEGI6" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Total fair value of consideration, net of cash acquired</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">3,663</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  </table>

<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfBusinessAcquisitionsByAcquisitionTextBlock', window );">Schedule of Impact of Acquisition's Purchase Price Allocations on Consolidated Balance Sheet</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_89F_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfBusinessAcquisitionsByAcquisitionTextBlock_hus-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionAxis__custom--LeafGlobalFintechCorporationMember_z2bQKAOvFAI3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
impact of the acquisition&#8217;s purchase price allocations on the Company&#8217;s consolidated balance sheet was as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span id="xdx_8B4_z8QRjpA4WJM2" style="display: none">Schedule of Impact of Acquisition's Purchase Price Allocations on Consolidated Balance Sheet</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: auto; border-collapse: collapse; width: 80%; margin-right: auto">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">(in thousands)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_49C_20220301__us-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionAxis__custom--LeafGlobalFintechCorporationMember_zgJ8X34V9RK1">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40C_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCurrentAssets_iI_zbwU5CcpYTA5" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 78%; text-align: left">Current assets</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 18%; text-align: right">9</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40B_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedPropertyPlantAndEquipment_iI_pn3n3_zoJ9K2f8aFHk" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Property, plant, and equipment (mainly acquired technology)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">324</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--Goodwill_iI_pn3n3_zOE0ah9e8Go4" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td>Goodwill</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">3,199</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedIntangibles_iI_pn3n3_zkGz8ImNzGB8" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Tradename (<span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNjaGVkdWxlIG9mIEltcGFjdCBvZiBBY3F1aXNpdGlvbidzIFB1cmNoYXNlIFByaWNlIEFsbG9jYXRpb25zIG9uIENvbnNvbGlkYXRlZCBCYWxhbmNlIFNoZWV0IChEZXRhaWxzKSAoUGFyZW50aGV0aWNhbCkA" id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetUsefulLife_iI_dtY_c20220301__us-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionAxis__custom--LeafGlobalFintechCorporationMember__us-gaap--FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis__us-gaap--TradeNamesMember_ziehClwWSkn3" title="Finite-Lived Intangible Asset, Useful Life">5</span>-year useful life)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">131</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_404_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredGoodwillAndLiabilitiesAssumedNet_iI_pn3n3_zRdEg8sRtrwl" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Net assets acquired excluding cash</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">3,663</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  </table>

<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 805<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479907/805-20-50-5<br></p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of contingent payment arrangements including the terms that will result in payment and the accounting treatment that will be followed if such contingencies occur, including the potential impact on earnings per share if contingencies are to be settled in common stock of the entity. The description also may include the period over which amounts are expected to be paid, and changes in the amount since the previous reporting period. This also includes contingent options and commitments.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of a material business combination completed during the period, including background, timing, and recognized assets and liabilities. This table does not include leveraged buyouts.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 805<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479328/805-10-50-3<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 805<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479328/805-10-50-2<br></p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.3</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm45266246802512">
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<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Debt Securities (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
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<tr><th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2024</div></th></tr>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_MarketableSecuritiesTextBlock', window );">Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities</a></td>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span id="xdx_8B6_zB9UuvV4DU2k" style="display: none">Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities</span></p>

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    <td>July 31, 2024</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_zM4dKu9UrXbc" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">3,821</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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    <td style="padding-left: 20pt">Certificates of deposit<span id="xdx_F4E_zBMPMQYXYAJa">*</span></td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_zNEdohP38pz6" style="text-align: right">31,186</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_zP0zA5FDmODh" style="text-align: right">3,881</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_z0QSz85sY4pg" style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1740">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_zYbiLOv9F01k" style="text-align: right">(8</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_ziVBdEXJEOHi" style="text-align: right">3,873</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 20pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Municipal bonds</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--MunicipalBondsMember_zPZq0xz2QcMa" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">3,912</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--MunicipalBondsMember_zVBl8JSqzcH8" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1744">&#8212;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--MunicipalBondsMember_zR9fBJ9cdlx8" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(485</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--MunicipalBondsMember_z3Eq2XmRskg" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">3,427</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">TOTAL</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis_iI_pn3n3_c20230731_zskv6muJMWce" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">43,059</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax_iI_pn3n3_c20230731_zU5CIvy023g9" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1748">&#8212;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230731_zTo4o8dIysVk" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(645</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20230731_zIXmGdmaH7vb" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">42,414</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  </table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.2in"><span id="xdx_F03_zZfmGC9lTl08" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">*</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span id="xdx_F1C_zya9ZmGPUxwk" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Each
                                            of the certificates of deposit held by the Company has a CUSIP, was purchased in the secondary
                                            market through a broker and may be sold in the secondary market.</span></td></tr></table>

<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleTableTextBlock', window );">Schedule of Contractual Maturities of Available-for-sale Debt Securities</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_89E_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleTableTextBlock_zBJUj6ce2VLj" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
contractual maturities of the Company&#8217;s available-for-sale debt securities at July 31, 2024 were as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span id="xdx_8BD_zSUJC6Skb91l" style="display: none">Schedule of Contractual Maturities of Available-for-sale Debt Securities</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">(in thousands)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_49C_20240731_zQX4dyqW2Bj" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">Fair Value</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesWithinOneYearFairValue_iI_pn3n3_maAFSSDz3sI_zsfgrHnSmgE9" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 78%; text-align: left">Within one year</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 18%; text-align: right">16,808</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_409_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesAfterOneThroughFiveYearsFairValue_iI_pn3n3_maAFSSDz3sI_zDW1RSZbBBwl" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">After one year through five years</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">5,456</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesAfterFiveThroughTenYearsFairValue_iI_pn3n3_maAFSSDz3sI_z8oMBKcPrpmh" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">After five years through ten years</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">1,137</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_405_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesAfterTenYearsFairValue_iI_pn3n3_maAFSSDz3sI_zLyz0dQVIHI2" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">After ten years</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">37</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iTI_pn3n3_mtAFSSDz3sI_zuyf7S90yw9a" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">TOTAL</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">23,438</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  </table>

<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionFairValueTableTextBlock', window );">Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities, Unrealized Loss Position</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_89C_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionFairValueTableTextBlock_zquLXm1YDtK3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
following table includes the fair value of the Company&#8217;s available-for-sale debt securities that were in an unrealized loss position:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;<span id="xdx_8B1_zpSMXjUIhUwf" style="display: none">Schedule
of Available-for-sale Securities, Unrealized Loss Position</span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">(in thousands)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">Unrealized <br/> Losses</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">Fair <br/>Value</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td>July 31, 2024</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; width: 60%; text-align: left">U.S. Treasury bills and notes</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_z13EDtoMAW7d" style="width: 16%; text-align: right">66</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_z6VWKuFhER3l" style="width: 16%; text-align: right">12,936</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">Government sponsored enterprise notes</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__custom--GovernmentSponsoredEnterpriseNotesMember_zhftDgCheP65" style="text-align: right">3</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__custom--GovernmentSponsoredEnterpriseNotesMember_zspAvjiAFj52" style="text-align: right">2,634</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Corporate bonds</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_zFsBYS1RLLzj" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">322</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_znPB2BbDEdS9" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">3,310</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">TOTAL</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20240731_zpwMKLP27GPd" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">391</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition_iI_pn3n3_c20240731_zxPA5lzRzEli" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">18,880</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td>July 31, 2023</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt">Certificates of deposit</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CertificatesOfDepositMember_zOpseH94y2dg" style="text-align: right">4</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CertificatesOfDepositMember_ziC5gk73L9Y5" style="text-align: right">3,356</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">U.S. Treasury bills and notes</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_zW0J2HIohhv2" style="text-align: right">148</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_zARWHS9ErEzi" style="text-align: right">31,038</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">Corporate bonds</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_zWqPtKBnFsJh" style="text-align: right">8</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_zkrbFFQNasm4" style="text-align: right">3,873</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Municipal bonds</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--MunicipalBondsMember_zpxCYRSwd3U4" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">485</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--MunicipalBondsMember_zKh7YSIDFD0c" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">3,368</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">TOTAL</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20230731_zK1e99ds3Ct1" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">645</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition_iI_pn3n3_c20230731_z7ivBYu2xgh4" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">41,635</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  </table>

<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_ScheduleOfUnrealizedLossOnInvestmentTableTextBlock', window );">Schedule of Continuous Unrealized Loss Position for 12 Months or Longer</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_894_ecustom--ScheduleOfUnrealizedLossOnInvestmentTableTextBlock_znTx3yJR0uB2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
following available-for-sale debt securities included in the table above were in a continuous unrealized loss position for 12 months
or longer:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span id="xdx_8B6_zet8MOZhiEHk" style="display: none">Schedule of Continuous Unrealized Loss Position for 12 Months or Longer</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">(in thousands)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">Unrealized <br/> Losses</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">Fair <br/>Value</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td>July 31, 2024</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; width: 60%; text-align: left">U.S. Treasury bills and notes</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLonger_iI_pn3n3_c20230731_zDSYoDvwD965" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">4,115</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of fair value of investment in debt security measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in other comprehensive income (available-for-sale), in unrealized loss position, without allowance for credit loss. Includes beneficial interest in securitized financial asset.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.3</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm45266145993760">
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<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Equity Investments (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
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<tr><th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2024</div></th></tr>
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<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_ScheduleOfEquityInvestmentsTableTextBlock', window );">Schedule of Equity Investments</a></td>
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<p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;<span id="xdx_8BC_zFCvrXhoBU7l" style="display: none">Schedule of Equity Investments</span></span></span></span></p>

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    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_495_20230731_z212xH8du9B1" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td></tr>
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    <td style="width: 60%; text-align: left">Zedge, Inc. Class B common stock, <span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNjaGVkdWxlIG9mIEVxdWl0eSBJbnZlc3RtZW50cyAoRGV0YWlscykgKFBhcmVudGhldGljYWwpAA__" id="xdx_90E_ecustom--NumberOfRelatedPartySharesReceived_pid_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--ZedgeIncMember_z5c2YgNJTfJ3" title="Number of related party shares received"><span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNjaGVkdWxlIG9mIEVxdWl0eSBJbnZlc3RtZW50cyAoRGV0YWlscykgKFBhcmVudGhldGljYWwpAA__" id="xdx_908_ecustom--NumberOfRelatedPartySharesReceived_pid_c20220801__20230731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--ZedgeIncMember_zo9WmcPxTKle" title="Number of related party shares received">42,282</span></span> shares at July 31, 2024 and 2023</td><td style="width: 2%; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
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  <tr id="xdx_409_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNi_iI_pn3n3_hus-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--RafaelHoldingsIncMember_z49qsVqnJmff" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNi_iI_pn3n3_hus-gaap--InvestmentTypeAxis__custom--OtherMarketableEquitySecuritiesMember_z7C9Mh0sd8pl" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNi_iI_pn3n3_hus-gaap--InvestmentTypeAxis__us-gaap--MutualFundMember_zVmBd8UXKAW" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr id="xdx_406_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNi_iI_pn3n3_zZG00EuNPxsj" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--LongTermInvestments_iI_pn3n3_hus-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--SeriesCConvertiblePreferredStockMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--VisaIncMember_z6ZG3SeaC2xb" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">Visa Inc. Series C Convertible Participating Preferred Stock (&#8220;Visa Series C Preferred&#8221;)</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">695</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr id="xdx_404_eus-gaap--LongTermInvestments_iI_pn3n3_hus-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--SeriesAConvertiblePreferredStockMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--VisaIncMember_zbzEthp8MQVg" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr id="xdx_40B_eus-gaap--LongTermInvestments_iI_pn3n3_hus-gaap--InvestmentTypeAxis__us-gaap--ConvertiblePreferredStockMember_zBrpM9fmRkLc" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">1,338</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr id="xdx_404_eus-gaap--LongTermInvestments_iI_pn3n3_hus-gaap--InvestmentTypeAxis__us-gaap--HedgeFundsMember_zuROMk1jvQjl" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Hedge funds</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">3,002</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--LongTermInvestments_iI_pn3n3_hus-gaap--InvestmentTypeAxis__us-gaap--OtherInvestmentsMember_z2uKrmv0Cre8" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--LongTermInvestments_iI_pn3n3_zs6kuCNMDixa" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Noncurrent equity investments</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">6,518</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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  </table>

<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueTableTextBlock', window );">Schedule of Carrying Value of Equity Investments</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_897_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueTableTextBlock_zRoI16yFUAM4" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
changes in the carrying value of the Company&#8217;s equity investments without readily determinable fair values for which the Company
elected the measurement alternative was as follows:</span></p>

<p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;<span id="xdx_8BE_z9HZigTzDsw1" style="display: none">Schedule of Carrying Value of Equity Investments</span></span></span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: auto; border-collapse: collapse; width: 80%; margin-right: auto">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">Year ended July 31 <br/> (in thousands)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_495_20230801__20240731_zH6XTP39NJEg" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueAmount_iS_pn3n3_zB1T1UhTaqk4" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 52%; padding-bottom: 1pt">Balance, beginning of period</td><td style="width: 2%; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 12%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">1,632</td><td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 2%; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 12%; text-align: right">1,501</td><td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 2%; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueUpwardPriceAdjustmentAnnualAmount_pn3n3_z7UZlLbKy8Bi" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Upward adjustment</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">130</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1875">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1876">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40B_ecustom--RedemptionForVisaMandatoryReleaseAssessment_pn3n3_zqGVj0NRELoj" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">Redemption for Visa Series C Preferred mandatory release assessment</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(877</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1879">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(1,230</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40E_ecustom--EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValuePurchaseAmount_pn3n3_zhPXKxKn4Tui" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td>Purchase</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1882">&#8212;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1883">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">100</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40F_ecustom--AdjustmentForObservableTransactionsInvolvingSimilarInvestmentFromSameIssuer_pn3n3_ztKQIpZhMq5c" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">Adjustment for observable transactions involving a similar investment from the same issuer</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">309</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">131</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(103</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40B_ecustom--EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueRedemptionsAmount_pn3n3_zazz54OvXfKa" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td>Redemptions</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(230</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1891">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(9</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_404_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueImpairmentLossAnnualAmount_pn3n3_zsHPbEfk2tH8" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">Impairments</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1894">&#8212;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1895">&#8212;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1896">&#8212;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueAmount_iE_pn3n3_zksDcgCq2Uve" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">BALANCE, END OF PERIOD</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">964</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">1,632</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">1,501</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  </table>

<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_UnrealizedGainLossOnInvestmentsTableTextBlock', window );">Schedule of Unrealized Gains (losses) Gains for All Equity Investments</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_89A_eus-gaap--UnrealizedGainLossOnInvestmentsTableTextBlock_z6krfY4DQ3l3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Unrealized
gains and losses for all equity investments measured at fair value included the following:</span></p>

<p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&#160;<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="display: none; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_8B4_zQgXLSWUFcgg">Schedule
of Unrealized Gains (losses) Gains for All Equity Investments</span></span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
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    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_49F_20230801__20240731_zUfo2LpROEI9" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_497_20220801__20230731_zb27G8l0Y9wh" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_493_20210801__20220731_zP3Z1Q7zZ22" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2022</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNiGainLoss_pn3n3_zCxfk27vxgc1" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 52%; text-align: left">Net gains (losses) recognized during the period on equity investments</td><td style="width: 2%; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 12%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">229</td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 12%; text-align: right">(2,613</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">)</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 12%; text-align: right">(19,248</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40E_ecustom--EquitySecuritiesFvNiRecognizedGainLossNetOnEquitySecuritiesRedeemed_pn3n3_zuAjGkrfmeJ9" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Less: net gains recognized during the period on equity investments sold during the period</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">130</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">18</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">10</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40C_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNiUnrealizedGainLoss_pn3n3_z12NnXJXliuf" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Unrealized gains (losses) recognized during the period on equity investments still held at the reporting date</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">99</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(2,631</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(19,258</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  </table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
unrealized losses and gains for all equity investments measured at fair value in the table above included the following:</span></p>

<p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">Year ended July 31 <br/> (in thousands)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_492_20230801__20240731_zyQ6kyAggaMi" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_49A_20220801__20230731_zTx1b0TYFwEe" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_492_20210801__20220731_zzjtMSQTlHif" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2022</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">Unrealized (losses) gains recognized during the period on equity investments:</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNiUnrealizedGainLoss_pn3n3_hus-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__custom--RafaelClassBCommonStockMember_zeFpT98o9AVa" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="width: 52%; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Rafael Class B common stock</td><td style="width: 2%; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 12%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(142</td><td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td style="width: 2%; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 12%; text-align: right">(7</td><td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="width: 2%; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 12%; text-align: right">(14,101</td><td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40C_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNiUnrealizedGainLoss_pn3n3_hus-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__custom--ZedgeClassBCommonStockMember_zFSZysVzELBe" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Zedge Class B common stock</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">64</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(28</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(533</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNiUnrealizedGainLoss_pn3n3_zs9RroPGjGvj" style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Unrealized gains (losses) recognized during the period on equity investments still held at the reporting date</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">99</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(2,631</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(19,258</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
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<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentsTextBlock', window );">Summary of Changes in Equity Method Investments</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_898_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestmentsTextBlock_zdqqBmOPs6xh" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
following table summarizes the change in the balance of the Company&#8217;s equity method investment:</span></p>

<p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&#160;<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="display: none; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_8B3_zcZaCy2eT7Ea">Summary of Changes in Equity Method Investments</span></span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">Year ended July 31 <br/> (in thousands)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_49B_20230801__20240731__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__us-gaap--EquityMethodInvesteeMember_zS9HvoclaE4k" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_494_20220801__20230731__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__us-gaap--EquityMethodInvesteeMember_zXKJyCdfTWBh" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_490_20210801__20220731__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__us-gaap--EquityMethodInvesteeMember_zAh28FoRMwz3" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2022</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestments_iS_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 52%; padding-bottom: 1pt">Balance, beginning of period</td><td style="width: 2%; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 12%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">2,784</td><td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 2%; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 12%; text-align: right">1,001</td><td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 2%; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 12%; text-align: right">2,901</td><td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_405_eus-gaap--PaymentsToAcquireEquityMethodInvestments_pn3n3_z8Rs0NxsRz" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Purchase of convertible preferred stock</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">2,017</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">840</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">1,051</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_405_ecustom--ConversionOfEquityMethodInvestmentsSecuredPromissoryNotesIntoConvertiblePreferredStock_pn3n3_zMbcELotCSi9" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">Conversion of secured promissory notes into convertible preferred stock</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1956">&#8212;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">4,038</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1958">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--IncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments_pn3n3_hus-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__us-gaap--EquityMethodInvesteeMember_ze4qg3CMtRWj" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Equity in the net loss of investee</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(2,093</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(2,153</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(2,224</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_409_ecustom--AmortizationOfEquityMethodBasisDifference_pn3n3_hus-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__us-gaap--EquityMethodInvesteeMember_zoCt3MySnhSb" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Amortization of equity method basis difference</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(1,370</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(942</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(727</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestments_iE_pn3n3_hus-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__us-gaap--EquityMethodInvesteeMember_z4oLkc2OaMkk" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">BALANCE, END OF PERIOD</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">1,338</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2,784</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">1,001</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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<span></span>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of equity method investments including, but not limited to, name of each investee or group of investments, percentage ownership, difference between recorded amount of an investment and the value of the underlying equity in the net assets, and summarized financial information.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 323<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481687/323-10-50-3<br></p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of investment in equity security without readily determinable fair value.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of unrealized gains and losses on investments.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.3</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm45266146663808">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Fair Value Measurements (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2024</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueDisclosuresAbstract', window );"><strong>Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfFairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringBasisTableTextBlock', window );">Schedule of Balance of Assets Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_898_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfFairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringBasisTableTextBlock_zdyTlEQ2HJx7" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
following table presents the balance of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis:</span></p>

<p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&#160;<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="display: none; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_8B2_zoUMBPhJESOg">Schedule of Balance of Assets Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis</span></span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">(in thousands)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td>July 31, 2024</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; width: 40%; text-align: left">Debt securities</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zT3OvfQQONCf" style="width: 11%; text-align: right" title="Debt securities">16,585</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zHY4FOckk61l" style="width: 11%; text-align: right" title="Debt securities">6,853</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zhKAkUUin53" style="width: 11%; text-align: right" title="Debt securities"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1984">&#8212;</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zW6Mqjrb0bq9" style="width: 11%; text-align: right" title="Debt securities">23,438</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">Equity investments included in current assets</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98B_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsCurrentAsset_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zIX5jAtL09Th" style="text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in current assets">5,009</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_985_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsCurrentAsset_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zCD2cTgdn5d1" style="text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in current assets"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1990">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_984_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsCurrentAsset_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zNnh3RhIDWo7" style="text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in current assets"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1992">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_982_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsCurrentAsset_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zDM71FMDb7aa" style="text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in current assets">5,009</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Equity investments included in noncurrent assets</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_989_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsNoncurrentAssets_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_z4ssfCAE03s" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in noncurrent assets"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1996">&#8212;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98B_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsNoncurrentAssets_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zg6fl8EMOWe3" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in noncurrent assets">1,377</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98B_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsNoncurrentAssets_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_z45xabQhsWfb" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in noncurrent assets">695</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98F_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsNoncurrentAssets_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zSzBzc4CYJx" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in noncurrent assets">2,072</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 30pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">TOTAL</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zvfzKptsErlk" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Total">21,594</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zs7lmfoB0pjg" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Total">8,230</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zROZjGpMMEC7" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Total">695</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98A_eus-gaap--InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zdSik2VJBPX4" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Total">30,519</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">Acquisition consideration included in:</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 20pt; text-align: left">Other current liabilities</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityCurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20240731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zNACJKIpxQOk" style="text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other current liabilities"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2012">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityCurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20240731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_znri5r7CKdS" style="text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other current liabilities"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2014">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityCurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20240731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_z1tUQopGznPl" style="text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other current liabilities">(222</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityCurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20240731__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_z2AEhiLfr4t" style="text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other current liabilities">(222</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 20pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Other noncurrent liabilities</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20240731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zBV90KhiRu3" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other noncurrent liabilities"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2020">&#8212;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20240731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_z733gDTEdl7h" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other noncurrent liabilities"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2022">&#8212;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20240731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zZaduftyHHEe" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other noncurrent liabilities">(684</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20240731__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zszWjyQDJGK5" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other noncurrent liabilities">(684</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">TOTAL</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_982_ecustom--ContingentConsiderationIncludedInOtherLiabilities_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zwqOzxNiH1nc" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other liabilities"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2028">&#8212;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_980_ecustom--ContingentConsiderationIncludedInOtherLiabilities_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zxqdsB3dLnfg" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other liabilities"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2030">&#8212;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_987_ecustom--ContingentConsiderationIncludedInOtherLiabilities_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zelkyv1YQBI" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other liabilities">(906</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98B_ecustom--ContingentConsiderationIncludedInOtherLiabilities_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zcWRe6GM0ML8" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other liabilities">(906</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_982_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsCurrentAsset_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zdYkNRWD40Oj" style="text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in current assets">6,198</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_986_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsCurrentAsset_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zbDiAF4y1M96" style="text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in current assets"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2046">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_982_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsCurrentAsset_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zyJgYkH7enye" style="text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in current assets"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2048">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98F_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsCurrentAsset_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zkWc1Ql3hkyl" style="text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in current assets">6,198</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Equity investments included in noncurrent assets</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_982_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsNoncurrentAssets_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zWDseZhQJdBh" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in noncurrent assets">2,500</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_982_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsNoncurrentAssets_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zkHUSwf4xz3d" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in noncurrent assets">1,263</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98E_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsNoncurrentAssets_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zoo8REUWfb65" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in noncurrent assets">3,763</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zRFnkV0ix6b3" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Total">13,876</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_z7Cz6oJIy4il" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Total">1,263</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zGskgbSVya2j" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Total">52,375</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">Acquisition consideration included in:</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 20pt; text-align: left">Other current liabilities</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityCurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zvym4NMPVgO1" style="text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other current liabilities"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2068">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityCurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zTKBZKbgxPtk" style="text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other current liabilities"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2070">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityCurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zukuNpS9Uw7j" style="text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other current liabilities">(2,032</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityCurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zpdIhikDhRl6" style="text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other current liabilities">(2,032</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 20pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Other noncurrent liabilities</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_z3A62gLcIHdb" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other noncurrent liabilities"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2076">&#8212;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zWXM0puGMMme" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other noncurrent liabilities"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2078">&#8212;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zVAko6Lcxqfl" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other noncurrent liabilities">(2,773</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zusHtyaTfxul" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other noncurrent liabilities">(2,773</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 30pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">TOTAL</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98B_ecustom--ContingentConsiderationIncludedInOtherLiabilities_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zSWdyVocaHne" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other liabilities"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2084">&#8212;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_983_ecustom--ContingentConsiderationIncludedInOtherLiabilities_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_z76KYKh9vRDd" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other liabilities"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2086">&#8212;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_980_ecustom--ContingentConsiderationIncludedInOtherLiabilities_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_z2gRKEAkaYv8" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other liabilities">(4,805</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_986_ecustom--ContingentConsiderationIncludedInOtherLiabilities_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zC0A2OKZCDh" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other liabilities">(4,805</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  </table>

<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueAssetsMeasuredOnRecurringBasisUnobservableInputReconciliationTextBlock', window );">Schedule of Assets Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_892_eus-gaap--FairValueAssetsMeasuredOnRecurringBasisUnobservableInputReconciliationTextBlock_zNRN1mWN1AHk" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
following tables summarize the change in the balance of the Company&#8217;s assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis using
significant unobservable inputs (Level 3):</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;<span id="xdx_8B9_zf4sMKKb01Ud" style="display: none">Schedule of Assets Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)</span></span></span></span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>Year ended July 31,</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_49A_20220801__20230731_z0S1hqEm5kc7">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_490_20210801__20220731_z03mTWgqUP9g">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">(in thousands)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr id="xdx_409_eus-gaap--FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetValue_iS_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 52%">Balance, beginning of period</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 2%; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 12%; text-align: right">1,132</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 2%">&#160;</td>
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  <tr id="xdx_401_ecustom--RedemptionForVisaMandatoryReleaseAssessment_pn3n3_z93fGd8UCQ1k" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Redemption for Visa mandatory release assessment</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
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  <tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetGainLossIncludedInEarnings1_pn3n3_zl1V6tCJzxf4" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetValue_iE_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">BALANCE, END OF PERIOD</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">1,263</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">1,132</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--FairValueAssetsMeasuredOnRecurringBasisChangeInUnrealizedGainLoss_z4y5SBkq3jja" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">Change in unrealized gains or losses for the period included in earnings for assets held at the end of the period</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2117">&#8212;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2118">&#8212;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringBasisUnobservableInputReconciliationTextBlock', window );">Schedule of Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_895_eus-gaap--FairValueLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringBasisUnobservableInputReconciliationTextBlock_zD8M0fl0Tt78" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
following tables summarize the change in the balance of the Company&#8217;s liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using
significant unobservable inputs (Level 3):</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;<span id="xdx_8BB_z7Q0PFsK011c" style="display: none">Schedule of Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)</span></span></span></span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>Year ended July 31,</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_499_20230801__20240731_zJOK6rhVBjw7">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_49E_20220801__20230731_zbgdxW3BGbGi">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_49B_20210801__20220731_zw2nqV6Yy2Vc">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">(in thousands)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2022</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationsRecurringBasisLiabilityValue_iS_pn3n3_zJFA410wQNh5" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 52%">Balance, beginning of period</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 2%; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 12%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">4,805</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 12%; text-align: right">8,546</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 12%; text-align: right">1,025</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_409_ecustom--FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisLiabilitiesTransfersIntoLevelThreeFromAcquisition_pn3n3_zmrrCRomW6Jd" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Transfer into Level 3 from acquisitions</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2128">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">7,849</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisLiabilitySettlements_pn3n3_zpWrPhRyoqbh" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td>Payments</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(2,494</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2133">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Total (gains) losses included in:</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisLiabilityGainLossIncludedInEarnings_zwVffDmlWeui" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">&#8220;<span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--FairValueRecurringBasisUnobservableInputReconciliationLiabilityGainLossStatementOfIncomeExtensibleList_dxL_c20230801__20240731_z1ovYRnRFHmh" title="::XDX::http%3A%2F%2Ffasb.org%2Fus-gaap%2F2024%23OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseNet"><span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--FairValueRecurringBasisUnobservableInputReconciliationLiabilityGainLossStatementOfIncomeExtensibleList_dxL_c20220801__20230731_zlhO0D2v18ve" title="::XDX::http%3A%2F%2Ffasb.org%2Fus-gaap%2F2024%23OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseNet"><span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--FairValueRecurringBasisUnobservableInputReconciliationLiabilityGainLossStatementOfIncomeExtensibleList_dxL_c20210801__20220731_zGl3LHncNdj2" title="::XDX::http%3A%2F%2Ffasb.org%2Fus-gaap%2F2024%23OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseNet"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2138"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2139"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2140">Other operating expense, net</span></span></span></span></span></span>&#8221;</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(1,838</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(1,349</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(303</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_403_ecustom--FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisLiabilityInterestExpense_pn3n3_zdtZsY6PLgch" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">Interest expense included in &#8220;Interest income, net&#8221;</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">44</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">97</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2144">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisLiabilityGainLossIncludedInOtherComprehensiveIncome_pn3n3_zH1HTKnDAmQa" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#8220;<span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--FairValueRecurringBasisUnobservableInputReconciliationLiabilityGainLossStatementOfOtherComprehensiveIncomeExtensibleList_dxL_c20230801__20240731_zdqPxRyIlfae" title="::XDX::http%3A%2F%2Ffasb.org%2Fus-gaap%2F2024%23OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationGainLossArisingDuringPeriodNetOfTax"><span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--FairValueRecurringBasisUnobservableInputReconciliationLiabilityGainLossStatementOfOtherComprehensiveIncomeExtensibleList_dxL_c20220801__20230731_zuAvbNe72R0c" title="::XDX::http%3A%2F%2Ffasb.org%2Fus-gaap%2F2024%23OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationGainLossArisingDuringPeriodNetOfTax"><span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--FairValueRecurringBasisUnobservableInputReconciliationLiabilityGainLossStatementOfOtherComprehensiveIncomeExtensibleList_dxL_c20210801__20220731_zYvSwaiHe5L6" title="::XDX::http%3A%2F%2Ffasb.org%2Fus-gaap%2F2024%23OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationGainLossArisingDuringPeriodNetOfTax"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2149"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2150"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2151">Foreign currency translation adjustments</span></span></span></span></span></span>&#8221;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(1</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">5</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(25</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationsRecurringBasisLiabilityValue_iE_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">BALANCE, END OF PERIOD</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">906</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">4,805</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">8,546</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--FairValueLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringBasisChangeInUnrealizedGainLoss_zOFnRyPp2Hi3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">Change in unrealized gains or losses for the period included in earnings for liabilities at the end of the period</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2157">&#8212;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2158">&#8212;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2159">&#8212;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  </table>

<span></span>
</td>
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<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_FairValueAssetsMeasuredOnRecurringBasisUnobservableInputReconciliationTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of the fair value measurement of assets using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3), a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances, separately presenting changes during the period attributable to the following: (1) total gains or losses for the period (realized and unrealized), segregating those gains or losses included in earnings (or changes in net assets) and gains or losses recognized in other comprehensive income (loss), and a description of where those gains or losses included in earnings (or changes in net assets) are reported in the statement of income (or activities); (2) purchases, sales, issues, and settlements (each type disclosed separately); and (3) transfers in and transfers out of Level 3 (for example, transfers due to changes in the observability of significant inputs), by class of asset.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 820<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 101<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482078/820-10-55-101<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 820<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-3<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 820<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 820<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FairValueAssetsMeasuredOnRecurringBasisUnobservableInputReconciliationTextBlock</td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of the fair value measurement of liabilities using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3), a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances, separately presenting changes attributable to the following: (1) total gains or losses for the period (realized and unrealized), segregating those gains or losses included in earnings (or changes in net assets), and gains or losses recognized in other comprehensive income (loss) and a description of where those gains or losses included in earnings (or changes in net assets) are reported in the statement of income (or activities); (2) purchases, sales, issues, and settlements (each type disclosed separately); and (3) transfers in and transfers out of Level 3 (for example, transfers due to changes in the observability of significant inputs) by class of liability.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 820<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-3<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 820<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 820<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2<br></p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of assets and liabilities, including [financial] instruments measured at fair value that are classified in stockholders' equity, if any, that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis. The disclosures contemplated herein include the fair value measurements at the reporting date by the level within the fair value hierarchy in which the fair value measurements in their entirety fall, segregating fair value measurements using quoted prices in active markets for identical assets (Level 1), significant other observable inputs (Level 2), and significant unobservable inputs (Level 3).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 820<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 820<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2<br></p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.3</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm45266263050304">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Property, Plant, and Equipment (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
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</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2024</div></th></tr>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentAbstract', window );"><strong>Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTextBlock', window );">Schedule of Property, Plant and Equipment</a></td>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;<span id="xdx_8B4_zovDzCK7oxn3" style="display: none">Schedule of Property, Plant and Equipment</span></span></span></span></span></p>

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                                               <p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">(in thousands)</p></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 16%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">45,881</td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
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  <tr id="xdx_405_eus-gaap--CapitalizedComputerSoftwareGross_iI_pn3n3_maPPAEGzQ2W_zv26k86TTAd3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">1,760</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">Furniture and fixtures</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">730</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">699</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">229,327</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">215,233</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_406_eus-gaap--AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment_iNI_pn3n3_di_msPPAENzLFN_zczCOKeEYlok" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">Less accumulated depreciation and amortization</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(190,675</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(176,578</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
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    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">Property, plant, and equipment, net</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">38,652</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">38,655</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of physical assets used in the normal conduct of business and not intended for resale. Includes, but is not limited to, balances by class of assets, depreciation and depletion expense and method used, including composite depreciation, and accumulated deprecation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 360<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482099/360-10-50-1<br></p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.3</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm45266149313232">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Goodwill (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
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<tr><th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2024</div></th></tr>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_GoodwillAndIntangibleAssetsDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
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</td>
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<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfIntangibleAssetsAndGoodwillTableTextBlock', window );">Schedule of Change in Carrying Amount of Goodwill by Operating Segment</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_89C_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfIntangibleAssetsAndGoodwillTableTextBlock_zoxIn3HnCql1" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_8B5_zHMlFuhMqHaf" style="display: none">Schedule of Change in Carrying Amount of Goodwill by Operating Segment</span>&#160;</span></span></span></span></p>

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    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_4B8_zNgk5sPmmAS9" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">Total</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right">&#160;</td></tr>
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    <td style="width: 36%; font-weight: bold">Balance at July 31, 2021</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 12%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2222">&#8212;</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 12%; text-align: right">1,523</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
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  <tr id="xdx_433_c20230801__20240731_eus-gaap--Goodwill_iS_pn3n3_zilUTCkbfqe" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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<tr id="xdx_40C_eus-gaap--GoodwillForeignCurrencyTranslationGainLoss_pn3n3_znCDMQ9PcmG7" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">Foreign currency translation adjustments</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(22</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr id="xdx_436_c20230801__20240731_eus-gaap--Goodwill_iE_pn3n3_zAMpixC7BDJf" style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of goodwill and intangible assets, which may be broken down by segment or major class.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 350<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/350-30/tableOfContent<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 350<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/350-20/tableOfContent<br></p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.3</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm45266145644480">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Other Intangible Assets (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2024</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_GoodwillAndIntangibleAssetsDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfFiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsTableTextBlock', window );">Schedule of Company's Amortized Intangible Assets</a></td>
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table below presents information on the Company&#8217;s amortized intangible assets:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_8B2_zpNjNWhtG1Rl" style="display: none">Schedule of Company's Amortized Intangible Assets</span>&#160;</span></span></span></span></p>

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    <td>July 31, 2024</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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    <td style="padding-left: 20pt">Tradenames</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAccumulatedAmortization_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis__us-gaap--TradeNamesMember_zRtECRdykcuk" style="text-align: right" title="Accumulated Amortization">(1,005</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsGross_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis__us-gaap--CustomerRelationshipsMember_zyn5eXGH0i0i" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Gross Carrying Amount">11,511</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAccumulatedAmortization_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis__us-gaap--CustomerRelationshipsMember_zoNZPdcK4w6h" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Accumulated Amortization">(5,528</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98A_eus-gaap--FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNet_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis__us-gaap--CustomerRelationshipsMember_zFhnWM2aBHT6" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Net Balance">5,983</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsGross_iI_pn3n3_c20230731_zbNgSkQ0U5v1" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Gross Carrying Amount">15,507</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAccumulatedAmortization_iI_pn3n3_c20230731_zysgAkWFBMjj" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Accumulated Amortization">(7,311</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNet_iI_pn3n3_c20230731_zdBzHoW54MUk" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Net Balance">8,196</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of assets, excluding financial assets and goodwill, lacking physical substance with a finite life, by either major class or business segment.</p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.3</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm45266151878208">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Variable Interest Entity (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2024</div></th></tr>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OrganizationConsolidationAndPresentationOfFinancialStatementsAbstract', window );"><strong>Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_ScheduleOfCondensedIncomeStatementTableTextBlock', window );">Schedule of Net Income and Aggregate Funding Repaid to the Company by VIE</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_890_esrt--ScheduleOfCondensedIncomeStatementTableTextBlock_zMWQcU0t29Pd" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
VIE&#8217;s net income and aggregate funding provided by (repaid to) the Company were as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_8B7_znFEpkVVFWJ7" style="display: none">Schedule of Net Income and Aggregate Funding Repaid to the Company by VIE</span>&#160;</span></span></span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><p style="text-align: left; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Year ended July 31</p>
        <p style="text-align: left; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">(in thousands)</p></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_495_20230801__20240731_zyseFBboosz6" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_491_20220801__20230731_zrhKQaS9ygbl" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_49A_20210801__20220731_zbWtpmRWopCg" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2022</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_409_ecustom--VariableInterestEntityNetIncomeLosstAmount_pn3n3_zz1w2oEptvp" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 52%; text-align: left">Net income of the VIE</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 2%; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 12%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">513</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 12%; text-align: right">322</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 12%; text-align: right">248</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_408_ecustom--VariableInterestEntityAggregateFundingRepaidToProvidedByReportingEntity_pn3n3_zosGtPDOL9J6" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">Aggregate funding provided by (repaid to) the Company, net</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">215</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">112</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(94</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  </table>

<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_ScheduleOfCondensedBalanceSheetTableTextBlock', window );">VIE&#8217;s Summarized Consolidated Balance Sheet</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_89B_esrt--ScheduleOfCondensedBalanceSheetTableTextBlock_zAcjuMEEO2Vl" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
VIE&#8217;s summarized consolidated balance sheet amounts are as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_8BE_z8sNDRAUcAD3" style="display: none">VIE&#8217;s Summarized Consolidated Balance Sheet</span>&#160;</span></span></span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"><p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">July 31</p>
                                                                 <p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">(in thousands)</p></td><td style="text-align: right; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_49B_20240731__srt--ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis__us-gaap--VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_zVayfjMMeBBh" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2024</td><td style="text-align: right; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_49A_20230731__srt--ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis__us-gaap--VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_zrMq9SNLYi76" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2023</td><td style="text-align: right; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-weight: bold">ASSETS</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_iI_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="width: 60%; text-align: left">Cash and cash equivalents</td><td style="width: 2%; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 16%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">2,626</td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 16%; text-align: right">1,596</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--RestrictedCashCurrent_iI_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">Restricted cash</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">7,426</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">7,848</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--ReceivablesNetCurrent_iI_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Trade accounts receivable, net</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">74</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">62</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40B_ecustom--DisbursementPrefunding_iI_pn3n3_zNXe3JRH07id" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">Disbursement prefunding</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">2,587</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">585</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--PrepaidExpenseCurrent_iI_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Prepaid expenses</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">258</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">197</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--OtherAssetsCurrent_iI_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">Other current assets</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">294</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">317</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet_iI_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Property, plant, and equipment, net</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">179</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">272</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--OtherIntangibleAssetsNet_iI_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Other intangibles, net</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">584</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">737</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--Assets_iI_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">TOTAL ASSETS</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">14,028</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">11,614</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">LIABILITIES AND NONCONTROLLING INTERESTS</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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    <td style="text-align: left">Trade accounts payable</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">4</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2405">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent_iI_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">Accrued expenses</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">124</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">70</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40A_eus-gaap--SettlementLiabilitiesCurrent_iI_pn3n3_zrarVnPBD793" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Settlement liabilities</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">9,195</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">7,573</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent_iI_pn3n3_hus-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__us-gaap--RelatedPartyMember_zmLDndm4HNWk" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">Due to the Company</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">241</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">26</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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    <td style="text-align: left">Accumulated other comprehensive income</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">27</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">21</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--MinorityInterest_iI_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Noncontrolling interests</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">4,437</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">3,924</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity_iI_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">TOTAL LIABILITIES AND NONCONTROLLING INTERESTS</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">14,028</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">11,614</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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<span></span>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of condensed balance sheet, including, but not limited to, balance sheets of consolidated entities and consolidation eliminations.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of condensed income statement, including, but not limited to, income statements of consolidated entities and consolidation eliminations.</p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.3</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm45266148662352">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Other Operating Expense, Net (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2024</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherIncomeAndExpensesAbstract', window );"><strong>Other Income and Expenses [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_ScheduleOfOtherOperatingExpensesGainsNetTableTextBlock', window );">Schedule of Other Operating (Expense) Gain, Net</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_892_ecustom--ScheduleOfOtherOperatingExpensesGainsNetTableTextBlock_z6qRCs4T52Mk" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
following table summarizes the other operating expense, net by business segment:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_8B7_zhTKIzbogrJh" style="display: none">Schedule of Other Operating (Expense) Gain, Net</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></span></span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><p style="text-align: left; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Year ended July 31</p>
        <p style="text-align: left; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">(in thousands)</p></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_49C_20230801__20240731_z7fKI964zIcd" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_495_20220801__20230731_zMY1TjkmJI1d" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_492_20210801__20220731_z0R9IZ9sSOs7" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2022</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40A_eus-gaap--LegalFees_iN_pn3n3_di_msOOIENzGym_zNc1I09GEFjd" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 52%; text-align: left">Corporate &#8212;Straight Path Communications Inc. class action legal fees</td><td style="width: 2%; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 12%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(7,237</td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 12%; text-align: right">(5,785</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">)</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 12%; text-align: right">(7,671</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--UnusualOrInfrequentItemInsuranceProceeds_pn3n3_maOOIENzGym_zNqojmoLR5s1" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Corporate &#8212;Straight Path Communications Inc. class action insurance claims</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">2,869</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">3,845</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">6,635</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--IncomeTaxCreditsAndAdjustments_iN_pn3n3_di_msOOIENzGym_z5Tq7YO7KTt9" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">Corporate&#8212;Grow New Jersey Assistance Act tax credit</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2437">&#8212;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">1,600</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2439">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_408_ecustom--CorporateOther_iN_pn3n3_di_msOOIENzGym_zJ0vRYiDcSIa" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td>Corporate&#8212;other</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">12</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2442">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2443">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40C_ecustom--LossOnDisposalOfIntangibleAsset_iN_pn3n3_di_msOOIENzGym_zEJaPEIFsQVb" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">Fintech&#8212;write-off of intangible asset</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(74</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2446">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2447">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_405_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability1_iN_pn3n3_di_hus-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionAxis__custom--FintechMember_msOOIENzGym_zLBQ6eHjeI3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Fintech&#8212;write-off of contingent consideration liability</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">1,765</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">1,565</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2451">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_407_ecustom--FintechgovernmentGrants_pn3n3_maOOIENzGym_zDcesbuGqna5" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">Fintech&#8212;government grants</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2453">&#8212;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">382</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">20</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40D_ecustom--WriteoffOfTelephoneEquipment_iN_pn3n3_di_hus-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionAxis__custom--Net2phoneMember_msOOIENzGym_zsqGodGIyjWi" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td>net2phone&#8212;write-off of telephone equipment</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2457">&#8212;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(133</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2459">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability1_iN_pn3n3_di_hus-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionAxis__custom--Net2phoneMember_msOOIENzGym_zrukuJ6UAeHg" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">net2phone&#8212;write-off of contingent consideration liability</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">73</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2462">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">303</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40B_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability1_iN_pn3n3_di_hus-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionAxis__custom--Net2phoneMember_msOOIENzGym_zcTcSDYERgGg" style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">write-off of contingent consideration liability</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">73</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2466">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">303</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
<tr id="xdx_404_ecustom--Net2phoneother_iN_pn3n3_di_hus-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionAxis__custom--Net2phoneMember_msOOIENzGym_zf5kDt9jHKkb" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td>net2phone&#8212;other</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(17</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2470">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(10</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_403_ecustom--NationalRetailSolutionsWriteOffOfCapitalizedInternalUseSoftwareCosts_pn3n3_maOOIENzGym_zR8Z1o5aRsJi" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">National Retail Solutions&#8212;write-off of capitalized internal use software costs</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(45</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2474">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2475">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40F_ecustom--NationalRetailSolutionsOther_pn3n3_maOOIENzGym_zZhhLx4zu3A4" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">National Retail Solutions&#8212;other</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(105</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2478">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2479">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_408_ecustom--TraditionalCommunicationswriteoffOfCapitalizedInternalUseSoftwareCosts_pn3n3_maOOIENzGym_zmt3hXT8KWd7" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">Traditional Communications&#8212;write-off of capitalized internal use software costs</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(237</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(1,419</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2483">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40A_ecustom--TraditionalCommunicationsCableTelephonyCustomerIndemnificationClaim_pn3n3_maOOIENzGym_z8Po1WJ7xk5l" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Traditional Communications&#8212;cable telephony customer indemnification claim</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2485">&#8212;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(3,925</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(96</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_400_ecustom--TraditionalCommunicationsContingentConsiderationLiability_pn3n3_maOOIENzGym_zCRWSCqqWFb1" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">Traditional Communications&#8212;increase in contingent consideration liability</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2489">&#8212;</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(216</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2491">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_408_ecustom--TraditionalCommunicationsOther_pn3n3_maOOIENzGym_znlXbx83Dggj" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">Traditional Communications&#8212;other</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">51</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(329</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(7</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseNet_iT_pn3n3_mtOOIENzGym_zwZwRThI03ri" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">TOTAL</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(2,945</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(4,415</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(826</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.3</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm45266246801808">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Accrued Expenses (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2024</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PayablesAndAccrualsAbstract', window );"><strong>Payables and Accruals [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfAccruedLiabilitiesTableTextBlock', window );">Schedule of Accrued Expenses</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_898_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfAccruedLiabilitiesTableTextBlock_z6M5olBuOJBf" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Accrued
expenses consist of the following:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_8B9_zHj3znLnN9d6" style="display: none">Schedule of Accrued Expenses</span>&#160;</span></span></span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">July 31</p>
        <p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">(in thousands)</p></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_491_20240731_zQpg5y2486Ag" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_49A_20230731_zlO7vvSqm5Hb" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40D_ecustom--CarrierMinutesTermination_iI_pn3n3_maALCz5UA_ztc3xMDQgF7f" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 60%; text-align: left">Carrier minutes termination</td><td style="width: 2%; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 16%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">18,301</td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 16%; text-align: right">20,675</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_403_ecustom--AccruedRegulatoryFeesCurrent_iI_pn3n3_maALCz5UA_zWkUy4g2Alg2" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Regulatory fees and taxes</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">44,020</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">43,302</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--EmployeeRelatedLiabilitiesCurrent_iI_pn3n3_maALCz5UA_zJb2xll0LCC1" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">Compensation costs</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">18,994</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">18,858</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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    <td style="text-align: left">Maintenance and support</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">1,637</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">3,434</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_406_eus-gaap--AccruedSalesCommissionCurrent_iI_pn3n3_maALCz5UA_z07Yx4mcATe6" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td>Commissions</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">6,128</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">4,164</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--AccruedProfessionalFeesCurrent_iI_pn3n3_maALCz5UA_zL8PnBjwsTYi" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Legal and professional fees</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">3,539</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">8,751</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--OtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent_iI_pn3n3_maALCz5UA_zjMvxcb1R35d" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">Other</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">10,557</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">11,612</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent_iTI_pn3n3_mtALCz5UA_zGxv1IlvGGt8" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">TOTAL</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">103,176</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">110,796</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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<span></span>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PayablesAndAccrualsAbstract</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfAccruedLiabilitiesTableTextBlock">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of the components of accrued liabilities.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ScheduleOfAccruedLiabilitiesTableTextBlock</td>
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<DOCUMENT>
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<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.3</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm45266151878208">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2024</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NoncontrollingInterestAbstract', window );"><strong>Noncontrolling Interest [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RedeemableNoncontrollingInterestTableTextBlock', window );">Schedule of Net Income Attributable to Mezzanine Equity&#8217;s Noncontrolling Interest</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_890_eus-gaap--RedeemableNoncontrollingInterestTableTextBlock_zEY6Y3wYj5b5" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;<span id="xdx_8BF_zq2vQjboq6I" style="display: none">Schedule of Net Income Attributable to Mezzanine Equity&#8217;s Noncontrolling Interest</span></span></span></span></span></p>

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                                               <p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">(in thousands)</p></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_493_20230801__20240731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember_zD3dTnTVFUbf" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_49A_20220801__20230731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember_zGnnhXT3FU7h" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_495_20210801__20220731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember_zqqrZlLFWeTj" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2022</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td></tr>
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    <td style="width: 52%; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Net income of NRS attributable to the mezzanine equity&#8217;s noncontrolling interest</td><td style="width: 2%; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 12%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">429</td><td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 2%; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 12%; text-align: right">281</td><td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 2%; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 12%; text-align: right">191</td><td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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<span></span>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of redeemable noncontrolling interest (as defined) included in the statement of financial position as either a liability or temporary equity. As of the date of the statement of financial position, such redeemable noncontrolling interest is currently redeemable, as defined, for cash or other assets of the entity at (1) at a fixed or determinable price on a fixed or determinable date, (2) at the option of the holder of the noncontrolling interest, or (3) upon occurrence of an event that is not solely within the control of the entity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RedeemableNoncontrollingInterestTableTextBlock</td>
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>70
<FILENAME>R54.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
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<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
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<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.24.3</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm45266151759040">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Other Expense, Net (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2024</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherIncomeAndExpensesAbstract', window );"><strong>Other Income and Expenses [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfOtherNonoperatingIncomeExpenseTableTextBlock', window );">Schedule of Other (Expense) Income, Net</a></td>
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expense, net consists of the following:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;<span id="xdx_8BB_z86FusejaW6b" style="display: none">Schedule of Other (Expense) Income, Net</span></span></span></span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Year ended July 31</p>
        <p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">(in thousands)</p></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_498_20230801__20240731_z36JOKwYY79e" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_49F_20220801__20230731_zoDKX3hHCZAk" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 12%; text-align: right">(1,742</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
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    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(3,463</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(3,095</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(2,951</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(2,613</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(19,248</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(728</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(1,411</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.3</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm45266144894784">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Income Taxes (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2024</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfIncomeBeforeIncomeTaxDomesticAndForeignTableTextBlock', window );">Components of Income Before Income Taxes</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_896_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfIncomeBeforeIncomeTaxDomesticAndForeignTableTextBlock_zT2020CkdFd5" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
components of income before income taxes are as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_8B9_zcaHtjPe8yX" style="display: none">Components
of Income Before Income Taxes</span>&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Year ended July 31</p>
        <p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">(in thousands)</p></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_49C_20230801__20240731_z2Z2ul9ZGS4" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_494_20220801__20230731_zDPgBKXcMMv9" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_491_20210801__20220731_z90AgfjeUD76" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2022</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40A_eus-gaap--IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesDomestic_pn3n3_maILFCOzB94_z0H7aSFeADBc" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 52%">Domestic</td><td style="width: 2%; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 12%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">56,316</td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 12%; text-align: right">48,036</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 12%; text-align: right">25,025</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_409_eus-gaap--IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesForeign_pn3n3_maILFCOzB94_zIU5cwBEQB92" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">Foreign</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">5,594</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">12,771</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">9,858</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest_iT_pn3n3_mtILFCOzB94_zqqXnoUxvg0e" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">INCOME BEFORE INCOME TAXES</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">61,910</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">60,807</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">34,883</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfDeferredTaxAssetsAndLiabilitiesTableTextBlock', window );">Significant Components of Deferred Income Taxes</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_89C_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfDeferredTaxAssetsAndLiabilitiesTableTextBlock_zjQAzPr0TQia" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Significant
components of the Company&#8217;s deferred income tax assets consist of the following:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_8B2_zI2tHIg4DGJe" style="display: none">Significant
Components of Deferred Income Taxes</span>&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">July 31</p>
        <p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">(in thousands)</p></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_49F_20240731_zUEgzn5GCmVc" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_495_20230731_zwq1aCKtYZM8" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">Deferred income tax assets:</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_406_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccrualsAllowanceForDoubtfulAccounts_iI_pn3n3_maDTAGzMOW_z6v4Cl904tG5" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; width: 60%; text-align: left">Bad debt reserve</td><td style="width: 2%; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 16%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">1,588</td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 16%; text-align: right">1,117</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccrualsAccruedLiabilities_iI_pn3n3_maDTAGzMOW_zk6ViEad1Hbj" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">Accrued expenses</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">2,897</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">4,825</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseCompensationAndBenefitsShareBasedCompensationCost_iI_pn3n3_maDTAGzMOW_zkyf4Zb8tlEl" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">Stock options and restricted stock</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">929</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">361</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">Charitable contributions</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">754</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">724</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxAssetsPropertyPlantAndEquipment_iI_pn3n3_maDTAGzMOW_c20240731_zpY0cRCOBie1" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Depreciation, Assets">70</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">Unrealized gain</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">5,405</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr id="xdx_40A_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwards_iI_pn3n3_maDTAGzMOW_zJvo0i8dbyrk" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">Net operating loss</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">23,870</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_409_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxAssetsGross_iTI_pn3n3_maDTALNzjVU_mtDTAGzMOW_zkFIQazc3n98" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">Total deferred income tax assets</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">48,610</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">34,719</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance_iNI_pn3n3_di_msDTALNzjVU_zmvKYYg9Kwt7" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">Valuation allowance</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(13,602</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(10,618</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxAssetsLiabilitiesNet_iTI_pn3n3_mtDTALNzjVU_zOhDVFNOcHZb" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">NET DEFERRED INCOME TAX ASSETS</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">35,008</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">24,101</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  </table>

<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfComponentsOfIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitTableTextBlock', window );">Schedule of (Provision for) Benefits from Income Taxes</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_897_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfComponentsOfIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitTableTextBlock_zbKNg6ZaLzx" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
(provision for) benefit from income taxes consist of the following:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_8B2_zqcZmUNZViIi" style="display: none">Schedule
of (Provision for) Benefits from Income Taxes</span>&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Year ended July 31</p>
                                               <p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">(in thousands)</p></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_491_20230801__20240731_zgmahbZPhy33" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_493_20220801__20230731_zWehofv64V9j" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_495_20210801__20220731_zahb6195lex1" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2022</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td>Current:</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40A_eus-gaap--CurrentFederalTaxExpenseBenefit_iN_pn3n3_di_maCITEBzYVZ_zb4hCu6mKGmf" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; width: 52%">Federal</td><td style="width: 2%; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 12%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(38</td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 12%; text-align: right">(47</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">)</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 12%; text-align: right">(45</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--CurrentStateAndLocalTaxExpenseBenefit_iN_pn3n3_di_maCITEBzYVZ_z35iDv0BQJNk" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">State and local</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(2,716</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(1,511</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(863</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_406_eus-gaap--CurrentForeignTaxExpenseBenefit_iN_pn3n3_di_maCITEBzYVZ_z7u2x6oZe7bg" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1pt">Foreign</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(724</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(1,275</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(729</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40C_eus-gaap--CurrentIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_iNT_pn3n3_di_mtCITEBzYVZ_maITEBz2xK_zAp3VOmmb6Ab" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="display: none; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Current</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(3,478</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(2,833</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(1,637</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td>Deferred:</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40B_eus-gaap--DeferredFederalIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_iN_pn3n3_di_maDITEBzjME_zpXY5BjZjzc1" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt">Federal</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">9,725</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(14,340</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(2,596</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--DeferredStateAndLocalIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_iN_pn3n3_di_maDITEBzjME_zvJeHr1NXzA7" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">State and local</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(261</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">16</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(19</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--DeferredForeignIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_iN_pn3n3_di_maDITEBzjME_zHM6sVUvBGSi" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1pt">Foreign</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">368</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">716</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(1,626</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_iNT_pn3n3_di_mtDITEBzjME_maITEBz2xK_zujMESpEYOA9" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="display: none; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Deferred</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">9,832</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(13,608</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(4,241</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_iNT_pn3n3_di_mtITEBz2xK_zn8e64wuNigg" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">BENEFIT FROM (PROVISION FOR) INCOME TAXES</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">6,354</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(16,441</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(5,878</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  </table>

<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfEffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationTableTextBlock', window );">Schedule of Differences Between Income Taxes Expected Federal Statutory Income Taxes</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_898_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfEffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationTableTextBlock_zDmJssW6uss9" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
differences between income taxes expected at the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate and income taxes provided are as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_8B9_zJRU7hlueoei" style="display: none">Schedule
of Differences Between Income Taxes Expected Federal Statutory Income Taxes</span>&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Year ended July 31</p>
        <p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">(in thousands)</p></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_498_20230801__20240731_zQIRYTpUcoQl" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_491_20220801__20230731_zE8Z8BDeGYea" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_49C_20210801__20220731_zgJN1CDpi3qc" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2022</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--IncomeTaxReconciliationIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate_iN_pn3n3_di_maITEBzt8p_zElLPqSYl9ti" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 52%; text-align: left">U.S. federal income tax at statutory rate</td><td style="width: 2%; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 12%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(13,001</td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 12%; text-align: right">(12,770</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">)</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 12%; text-align: right">(7,325</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--IncomeTaxReconciliationChangeInDeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance_iN_pn3n3_di_maITEBzt8p_z5eSREebgLU5" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Valuation allowance</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">2,984</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">970</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">1,147</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--IncomeTaxReconciliationForeignIncomeTaxRateDifferential_iN_pn3n3_di_maITEBzt8p_zUfky1yoH022" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">Foreign tax rate differential</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(1,636</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(1,068</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(1,059</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_404_eus-gaap--IncomeTaxReconciliationNondeductibleExpenseOther_iN_pn3n3_di_maITEBzt8p_ztc6pfUL20Vl" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Nondeductible expenses</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(1,159</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(1,767</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">2,044</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>

  <tr id="xdx_40B_ecustom--IncomeTaxReconciliationRevaluationOfExistingForeignAttributes_iN_pn3n3_di_maITEBzt8p_zln59YDufQil" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">Revaluation of existing foreign attributes</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><p style="margin: 0">(2,886</p></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><p style="margin: 0"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2717">&#8212;</span></p></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><p style="margin: 0"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2718">&#8212;</span></p></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_403_eus-gaap--IncomeTaxReconciliationPriorYearIncomeTaxes_iN_pn3n3_di_maITEBzt8p_zjgpELpuWvPk" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Prior year benefit</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">23,622</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2721">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2722">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_403_eus-gaap--IncomeTaxReconciliationStateAndLocalIncomeTaxes_iN_pn3n3_di_maITEBzt8p_zfRvfFiA06X5" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">State and local income tax, net of federal benefit</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(1,855</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(1,181</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(686</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_406_eus-gaap--IncomeTaxReconciliationOtherAdjustments_iN_pn3n3_di_maITEBzt8p_zPdLiSXnDfNh" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">Other</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><p style="margin: 0">285</p></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(625</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">1</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_iNT_pn3n3_di_mtITEBzt8p_zlJsj6IGV341" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">BENEFIT FROM (PROVISION FOR) INCOME TAXES</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(16,441</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(5,878</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  </table>

<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SummaryOfValuationAllowanceTextBlock', window );">Summary of Changes in Valuation Allowance</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_89B_eus-gaap--SummaryOfValuationAllowanceTextBlock_z25n9Hf1aK16" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
change in the valuation allowance is as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_8B4_zdwUlEtM7O3" style="display: none">Summary
of Changes in Valuation Allowance</span>&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"><p style="text-align: left; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Year ended July 31</p>
        <p style="text-align: left; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">(in thousands)</p></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Balance at</p>
                    <p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">beginning of</p>
                    <p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">year</p></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Additions</p>
                    <p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">charged to</p>
                    <p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">costs and</p>
                    <p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">expenses</p></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">Deductions</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Balance at</p>
                    <p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">end of year</p></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">2024</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">Reserves deducted from deferred income taxes, net:</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 20pt; width: 36%; text-align: left">Valuation allowance</td><td style="width: 2%; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance_iS_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731_zopn0enxiCti" style="width: 12%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Balance at beginning of year">10,618</td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 2%; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98A_eus-gaap--ValuationAllowancesAndReservesChargedToCostAndExpense_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731_zniOpmMhjcol" style="width: 12%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Additions charged to costs and expenses">2,984</td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 2%; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--ValuationAllowancesAndReservesDeductions_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731_zOyuNLTq3zl" style="width: 12%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Deductions"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2767">&#8212;</span></td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 2%; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance_iE_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731_zVxcLg5ZudK9" style="width: 12%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Balance at end of year">13,602</td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">2023</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">Reserves deducted from deferred income taxes, net:</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 20pt; text-align: left">Valuation allowance</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance_iS_pn3n3_c20220801__20230731_zKGJiMXVL3Yd" style="text-align: right" title="Balance at beginning of year">11,588</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--ValuationAllowancesAndReservesChargedToCostAndExpense_pn3n3_c20220801__20230731_zZ4z7XgoCTR7" style="text-align: right" title="Additions charged to costs and expenses">2,537</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--ValuationAllowancesAndReservesDeductions_pn3n3_c20220801__20230731_zU4fRQqc1qSc" style="text-align: right" title="Deductions">(3,507</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance_iE_pn3n3_c20220801__20230731_zQdnYbiQTx65" style="text-align: right" title="Balance at end of year">10,618</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">2022</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">Reserves deducted from deferred income taxes, net:</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 20pt; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">Valuation allowance</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance_iS_pn3n3_c20210801__20220731_zCZ00jfS8hlg" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Balance at beginning of year">11,540</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--ValuationAllowancesAndReservesChargedToCostAndExpense_pn3n3_c20210801__20220731_zcg8lgQPurCe" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Additions charged to costs and expenses">48</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--ValuationAllowancesAndReservesDeductions_pn3n3_c20210801__20220731_zt9La48f8gGc" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Deductions"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2783">&#8212;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance_iE_pn3n3_c20210801__20220731_zdfJaXm0Y4l3" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Balance at end of year">11,588</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  </table>

<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
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<div style="display: none;">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of the components of income tax expense attributable to continuing operations for each year presented including, but not limited to: current tax expense (benefit), deferred tax expense (benefit), investment tax credits, government grants, the benefits of operating loss carryforwards, tax expense that results from allocating certain tax benefits either directly to contributed capital or to reduce goodwill or other noncurrent intangible assets of an acquired entity, adjustments of a deferred tax liability or asset for enacted changes in tax laws or rates or a change in the tax status of the entity, and adjustments of the beginning-of-the-year balances of a valuation allowance because of a change in circumstances that causes a change in judgment about the realizability of the related deferred tax asset in future years.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 9<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-9<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of the components of net deferred tax asset or liability recognized in an entity's statement of financial position, including the following: the total of all deferred tax liabilities, the total of all deferred tax assets, the total valuation allowance recognized for deferred tax assets.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-2<br></p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of the reconciliation using percentage or dollar amounts of the reported amount of income tax expense attributable to continuing operations for the year to the amount of income tax expense that would result from applying domestic federal statutory tax rates to pretax income from continuing operations.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 231<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482663/740-10-55-231<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 12A<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-12A<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 12<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-12<br></p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of income before income tax between domestic and foreign jurisdictions.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(h)(1)(Note 1))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of valuation allowances to reduce deferred tax assets to net realizable value, including identification of the deferred tax asset more likely than not will not be fully realized and the corresponding amount of the valuation allowance.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SummaryOfValuationAllowanceTextBlock</td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.3</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm45266147783168">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Stock-Based Compensation (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2024</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems', window );"><strong>Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationStockOptionsActivityTableTextBlock', window );">Schedule of Stock Option Activity</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_89D_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationStockOptionsActivityTableTextBlock_zRbQQelwnRPe" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">A
summary of stock option activity for the Company is as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_8BC_zSTp7HpiGvH1" style="display: none">Schedule
of Stock Option Activity</span>&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Number of</p>
                                              <p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Options (in</p>
                                              <p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">thousands)</p></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Weighted-</p>
                                              <p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Average</p>
                                              <p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Exercise Price</p></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Weighted-</p>
                                              <p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Average</p>
                                              <p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Remaining</p>
                                              <p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Contractual</p>
                                              <p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Term (in years)</p></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Aggregate</p>
                                              <p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Intrinsic Value</p>
                                              <p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">(in thousands)</p></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 40%">Outstanding at July 31, 2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 3%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber_iS_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_zAQT8Pf8q4x6" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 10%; text-align: right" title="Number of Options, Outstanding, Beginning balance">12</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 3%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice_iS_pid_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_zn9ZTmsI6b0i" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 10%; text-align: right" title="Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Outstanding, Beginning balance">13.72</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 3%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 10%; text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 3%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 10%; text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td>Granted</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriod_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_zMmZrCM6NzF6" style="text-align: right" title="Number of Options, Granted"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2909">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice_pid_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_z8RdGewhehbb" style="text-align: right" title="Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Granted"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2911">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td>Exercised</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised_iN_pn3n3_di_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_z0kV40sjhS1e" style="text-align: right" title="Number of Options, Exercised">(12</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice_iN_pid_di_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_zAXZvyi1g2u8" style="text-align: right" title="Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Exercised">(13.72</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">Cancelled / Forfeited</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresAndExpirationsInPeriod_iN_pn3n3_di_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_zULOyUM96wgj" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Number of Options, Cancelled / Forfeited"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2917">&#8212;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresAndExpirationsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice_iN_pid_di_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_zF2jHNOPfBc7" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Cancelled / Forfeited"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2919">&#8212;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">OUTSTANDING AT JULY 31, 2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98A_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber_iE_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_zvpdbUe2DqBc" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Number of Options, outstanding, Ending balance"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2921">&#8212;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice_iE_pid_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_zAm9e8x5pVhd" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Outstanding, Ending balance"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2923">&#8212;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2_dxL_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_zy3v6ZRry6Aa" title="Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term, Outstanding::XDX::P0Y"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2925">&#8212;</span></span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingIntrinsicValue_iE_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_zTPnEgg6dAyf" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Aggregate Intrinsic Value, Outstanding"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2927">&#8212;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">EXERCISABLE AT JULY 31, 2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableNumber_iE_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_zgX0joQuObmb" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Number of Options, Exercisable"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2929">&#8212;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageExercisePrice_iE_pid_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_zQNKqoSZzPBb" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Exercisable"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2931">&#8212;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm1_dxL_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_zOd06pyYk8G9" title="Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term, Exercisable::XDX::P0Y"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2933">&#8212;</span></span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableIntrinsicValue1_iE_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_zxEkL4NMZ3H5" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Aggregate Intrinsic Value, Exercisable"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2935">&#8212;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  </table>

<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfSharebasedCompensationRestrictedStockAndRestrictedStockUnitsActivityTableTextBlock', window );">Schedule of Grants of Restricted Shares</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_89B_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfSharebasedCompensationRestrictedStockAndRestrictedStockUnitsActivityTableTextBlock_zcBqyRP1siyf" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">A
summary of the status of the Company&#8217;s grants of DSUs is presented below:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_8BA_zrYFvvaKPMJf" style="display: none">Schedule
of Grants of Restricted Shares</span>&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: right; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Number of</p>
                                                           <p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Non-vested</p>
                                                           <p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">DSUs</p>
                                                           <p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">(in
thousands)</p></td><td style="text-align: right; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Weighted-</p>
                                                                              <p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Average</p>
                                                                              <p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Grant-</p>
                                                                              <p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Date Fair</p>
                                                                              <p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Value</p></td><td style="text-align: right; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 60%">Non-vested shares at July 31, 2023</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber_iS_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731_zJ6guxco9Xxb" style="width: 16%; text-align: right" title="Number of non vested , beginning balance">165</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98A_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_iS_pid_c20230801__20240731_zlc3QdT944Bl" style="width: 16%; text-align: right" title="Weighted- Average Grant- Date Fair Value, Beginning balance">27.38</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td>Granted</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731_z3q9hFWfRpeb" style="text-align: right" title="Number of non vested, granted">25</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_pid_c20230801__20240731_zLD9HxnUMNC2" style="text-align: right" title="Weighted- Average Grant- Date Fair Value, Granted">33.64</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td>Vested</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriod_iN_pn3n3_di_c20230801__20240731_zRv6U5HDPcNb" style="text-align: right" title="Number of non vested, vested">(40</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_iN_pid_di_c20230801__20240731_zmuKaJbgRRBb" style="text-align: right" title="Weighted- Average Grant- Date Fair Value, Vested">(26.03</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">Forfeited</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsForfeitedInPeriod_iN_pn3n3_di_c20230801__20240731_zuf0otXdJ8ff" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Number of non vested, forfeited">(2</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">NON-VESTED SHARES AT JULY 31, 2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber_iE_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731_zo1Z2kR5H6S4" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Number of non vested , ending balance">148</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_iE_pid_c20230801__20240731_zC2eZWDw2IZ6" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Weighted- Average Grant- Date Fair Value, Ending balance">28.79</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember', window );">Common Class B [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems', window );"><strong>Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfSharebasedCompensationRestrictedStockAndRestrictedStockUnitsActivityTableTextBlock', window );">Schedule of Grants of Restricted Shares</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_89F_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfSharebasedCompensationRestrictedStockAndRestrictedStockUnitsActivityTableTextBlock_hus-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_zpcdTiKO0z07" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">A
summary of the status of the Company&#8217;s grants of restricted shares of Class B common stock is presented below:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_8B8_zXNElvDXrHq3" style="display: none">Schedule
of Grants of Restricted Shares</span>&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: right; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Number of</p>
                    <p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Non-vested</p>
                    <p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Shares</p>
                    <p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">(in thousands)</p></td><td style="text-align: right; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Weighted-</p>
                    <p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Average</p>
                    <p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Grant-</p>
                    <p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Date Fair</p>
                    <p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Value</p></td><td style="text-align: right; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 60%; text-align: left">Non-vested restricted shares at July 31, 2023</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber_iS_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_zKrSIz5SgEFl" style="width: 16%; text-align: right" title="Number of Non-vested Shares, Beginning Balance">25</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_iS_pid_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_zoCRfADpkB9b" style="width: 16%; text-align: right" title="Weighted- Average Grant- Date Fair Value, Beginning balance">19.09</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Granted</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_ziSZDbjwL9Sh" style="text-align: right" title="Number of Non-vested Shares, Granted">25</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_pid_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_zQBc4BdV33ng" style="text-align: right" title="Weighted- Average Grant- Date Fair Value, Granted">34.92</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">Vested</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriod_iN_pn3n3_di_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_zba58dI4fnjl" style="text-align: right" title="Number of Non-vested Shares, Vested">(18</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_iN_pid_di_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_z3CeNpOfO5Vk" style="text-align: right" title="Weighted- Average Grant- Date Fair Value, Vested">(37.33</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">Forfeited</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsForfeitedInPeriod_iN_pn3n3_di_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_zMKDxwyltxmi" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Number of Non-vested Shares, Forfeited">(1</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsForfeituresWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_iN_pid_di_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_z5mTXOk7BYb1" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Weighted- Average Grant- Date Fair Value, Forfeited">(31.80</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">NON-VESTED RESTRICTED SHARES AT JULY 31, 2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber_iE_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_zK0WSIbnrOF5" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Number of Non-vested Shares, Ending Balance">31</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_iE_pid_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_zdGkiW7uJpng" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Weighted- Average Grant- Date Fair Value, Ending balance">21.50</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure for stock option plans. Includes, but is not limited to, outstanding awards at beginning and end of year, grants, exercises, forfeitures, and weighted-average grant date fair value.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 718<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (e)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 718<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br></p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of the number and weighted-average grant date fair value for restricted stock and restricted stock units that were outstanding at the beginning and end of the year, and the number of restricted stock and restricted stock units that were granted, vested, or forfeited during the year.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 35<br> -Paragraph 1D<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480483/718-10-35-1D<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 35<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480483/718-10-35-3<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)(1)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name 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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.3</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm45266151879088">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2024</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquityAbstract', window );"><strong>EQUITY:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfAccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossTableTextBlock', window );">Schedule of Accumulated Balances for Each Classification of Other Comprehensive Income Income (Loss)</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_894_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfAccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossTableTextBlock_zzM8fOswVGF9" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
accumulated balances for each classification of other comprehensive loss were as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_8B2_zdhJfzQCxiA3" style="display: none">Schedule
of Accumulated Balances for Each Classification of Other Comprehensive Income Income (Loss)</span></span></span></span></p>

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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">(in thousands)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Unrealized</p>
                    <p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">loss on</p>
                    <p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">available-for-</p>
                    <p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">sale securities</p></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Foreign</p>
                    <p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">currency</p>
                    <p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">translation</p></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Accumulated</p>
                    <p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">other</p>
                    <p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">comprehensive</p>
                    <p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">loss</p></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 52%">Balance at July 31, 2021</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_iS_pn3n3_c20210801__20220731__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--AccumulatedNetUnrealizedInvestmentGainLossMember_zhUYAXLAzg69" style="width: 12%; text-align: right" title="Ending balance">(9</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">)</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_iS_pn3n3_c20210801__20220731__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--AccumulatedTranslationAdjustmentMember_za7mfTWEJCfc" style="width: 12%; text-align: right" title="Ending balance">(10,174</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">)</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_iS_pn3n3_c20210801__20220731_zyCp6KC0P6e3" style="width: 12%; text-align: right" title="Ending balance">(10,183</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">Other comprehensive loss attributable to IDT Corporation</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_pn3n3_c20210801__20220731__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--AccumulatedNetUnrealizedInvestmentGainLossMember_zdqgex1dDyz3" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Other comprehensive loss attributable to IDT Corporation">(537</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_pn3n3_c20210801__20220731__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--AccumulatedTranslationAdjustmentMember_zt6iDNuXcKNc" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Other comprehensive loss attributable to IDT Corporation">(585</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_pn3n3_c20210801__20220731_zIwPDwLNPozj" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Other comprehensive loss attributable to IDT Corporation">(1,122</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td>Balance at July 31, 2022</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_iS_pn3n3_c20220801__20230731__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--AccumulatedNetUnrealizedInvestmentGainLossMember_zaFXvDscXCPd" style="text-align: right" title="Beginning balance">(546</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_iS_pn3n3_c20220801__20230731__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--AccumulatedTranslationAdjustmentMember_zKhS6vzSeIB1" style="text-align: right" title="Beginning balance">(10,759</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_iS_pn3n3_c20220801__20230731_zwmOb2fv9s8k" style="text-align: right" title="Beginning balance">(11,305</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr>
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    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">Other comprehensive loss attributable to IDT Corporation</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_pn3n3_c20220801__20230731__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--AccumulatedNetUnrealizedInvestmentGainLossMember_zp7z06R1PO6k" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Other comprehensive loss attributable to IDT Corporation">(99</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_pn3n3_c20220801__20230731__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--AccumulatedTranslationAdjustmentMember_zpSbHsOIjLGc" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Other comprehensive loss attributable to IDT Corporation">(5,788</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_pn3n3_c20220801__20230731_z7aGuEd97up9" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Other comprehensive loss attributable to IDT Corporation">(5,887</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td>Balance at July 31, 2023</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_iS_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--AccumulatedNetUnrealizedInvestmentGainLossMember_z28VyhTEXS2" style="text-align: right" title="Ending balance">(645</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_iS_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--AccumulatedTranslationAdjustmentMember_zbHJwNlnbGMe" style="text-align: right" title="Ending balance">(16,547</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_iS_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731_z8iHQ7catuU2" style="text-align: right" title="Ending balance">(17,192</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">Other comprehensive income (loss) attributable to IDT Corporation</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--AccumulatedNetUnrealizedInvestmentGainLossMember_zOrVgFY7JDjf" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Other comprehensive loss attributable to IDT Corporation">265</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--AccumulatedTranslationAdjustmentMember_zvo38yTtwzt" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Other comprehensive loss attributable to IDT Corporation">(1,215</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731_z7pB5k7TBGt4" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Other comprehensive loss attributable to IDT Corporation">(950</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">BALANCE AT JULY 31, 2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_iE_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--AccumulatedNetUnrealizedInvestmentGainLossMember_zrpxTOr8txKa" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Ending balance">(380</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_iE_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--AccumulatedTranslationAdjustmentMember_zBTi5BBrrRYc" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Ending balance">(17,762</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_iE_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731_zi8lKhaQrnN1" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Ending balance">(18,142</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of the components of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 14A<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482790/220-10-45-14A<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 830<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481674/830-30-50-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 830<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 20<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481694/830-30-45-20<br></p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.3</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm45266144889856">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="2" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Schedule of Amount that were Reclassified (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="3">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2022</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProductInformationLineItems', window );"><strong>Product Information [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense', window );">Selling, general and administrative expense</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="nump">$ 270,207<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 243,159<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 216,922<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DepreciationAndAmortization', window );">Depreciation and amortization expense</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">$ 20,351<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">20,136<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">18,115<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_RestatementAxis=srt_ScenarioPreviouslyReportedMember', window );">Previously Reported [Member] | Direct Cost of Revenues [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProductInformationLineItems', window );"><strong>Product Information [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DepreciationAndAmortization', window );">Depreciation and amortization expense</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">4,516<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,516<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_RestatementAxis=srt_ScenarioPreviouslyReportedMember', window );">Previously Reported [Member] | Selling, General and Administrative Expenses [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProductInformationLineItems', window );"><strong>Product Information [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DepreciationAndAmortization', window );">Depreciation and amortization expense</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,862<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,489<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_RestatementAxis=srt_ScenarioPreviouslyReportedMember', window );">Previously Reported [Member] | Technology and Development Expense [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProductInformationLineItems', window );"><strong>Product Information [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DepreciationAndAmortization', window );">Depreciation and amortization expense</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">12,758<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">12,110<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_RestatementAxis=srt_ScenarioPreviouslyReportedMember', window );">Previously Reported [Member] | Direct Cost of Revenues [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProductInformationLineItems', window );"><strong>Product Information [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense', window );">Selling, general and administrative expense</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,364<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,113<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_RestatementAxis=srt_ScenarioPreviouslyReportedMember', window );">Previously Reported [Member] | Technology and Development Expense [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProductInformationLineItems', window );"><strong>Product Information [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense', window );">Selling, general and administrative expense</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 35,230<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 34,935<span></span>
</td>
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<tr><td colspan="4"></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"><table class="outerFootnotes" width="100%"><tr class="outerFootnote">
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 12pt;" valign="top">[1]</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;" valign="top"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Stock-based
  compensation included in: Technology and development expense &amp; Selling, general and administrative expense</span></td>
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<div style="display: none;">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The current period expense charged against earnings on long-lived, physical assets not used in production, and which are not intended for resale, to allocate or recognize the cost of such assets over their useful lives; or to record the reduction in book value of an intangible asset over the benefit period of such asset; or to reflect consumption during the period of an asset that is not used in production.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 230<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-28<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 360<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482099/360-10-50-1<br></p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The aggregate total costs related to selling a firm's product and services, as well as all other general and administrative expenses. Direct selling expenses (for example, credit, warranty, and advertising) are expenses that can be directly linked to the sale of specific products. Indirect selling expenses are expenses that cannot be directly linked to the sale of specific products, for example telephone expenses, Internet, and postal charges. General and administrative expenses include salaries of non-sales personnel, rent, utilities, communication, etc.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_ProductOrServiceAxis=IDT_DirectCostOfRevenuesMember</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_ProductOrServiceAxis=IDT_TechnologyAndDevelopmentExpenseMember</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
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<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.24.3</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm45266144939648">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Schedule of Weighted-average Number of Shares Used in the Calculation of Basic and Diluted Earnings Per Share (Details) - shares<br> shares in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="3">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2022</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract', window );"><strong>Accounting Policies [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic', window );">Basic weighted-average number of shares</a></td>
<td class="nump">25,241<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">25,517<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">25,791<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToCallOptionsAndWarrants', window );">Stock options</a></td>
<td class="nump">1<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">9<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">434<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToNonvestedSharesWithForfeitableDividends', window );">Non-vested restricted Class B common stock</a></td>
<td class="nump">156<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">51<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">131<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding', window );">Diluted weighted-average number of shares</a></td>
<td class="nump">25,398<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">25,577<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">26,356<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Additional shares included in the calculation of diluted EPS as a result of the potentially dilutive effect of call options and warrants using the treasury stock method.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482662/260-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 22<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482689/260-10-45-22<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 23<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482689/260-10-45-23<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 26<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482689/260-10-45-26<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToCallOptionsAndWarrants</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of additional shares included in diluted EPS for potentially dilutive effect of nonvested equity-based payment award containing forfeitable rights to dividends or dividend equivalents, whether paid or unpaid.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482662/260-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 22<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482689/260-10-45-22<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 23<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482689/260-10-45-23<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28A<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482689/260-10-45-28A<br><br>Reference 5: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 68B<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482689/260-10-45-68B<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToNonvestedSharesWithForfeitableDividends</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The average number of shares or units issued and outstanding that are used in calculating diluted EPS or earnings per unit (EPU), determined based on the timing of issuance of shares or units in the period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482662/260-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 16<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482689/260-10-45-16<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic">
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of [basic] shares or units, after adjustment for contingently issuable shares or units and other shares or units not deemed outstanding, determined by relating the portion of time within a reporting period that common shares or units have been outstanding to the total time in that period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482662/260-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482689/260-10-45-10<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
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</div>
</body>
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
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<FILENAME>R60.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
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<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.24.3</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm45266144889856">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="2" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Schedule of Changes In Allowance and Reserves Deducted From Asset Accounts (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="3">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2022</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract', window );"><strong>Accounting Policies [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent', window );">Allowance for doubtful accounts, Balance at beginning of year</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">$ 5,642<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 5,328<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 4,129<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_ProvisionForAccountsReceivableDoubtfulAccounts', window );">Allowance for doubtful accounts, Additions charged to costs and expenses</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">3,402<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,578<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,982<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableWriteOffs', window );">Allowance for doubtful accounts, Deductions</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="num">(2,692)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1,264)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(783)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent', window );">Allowance for doubtful accounts, Balance at end of year</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">6,352<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">5,642<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">5,328<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_SettlementAssetsReserve', window );">Reserve for losses on settlement assets, Balance at beginning of year</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">1,143<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">554<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">309<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_ProvisionForSettlementAssetsReserve', window );">Reserve for losses on settlement assets, Additions charged to costs and expenses</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">988<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">620<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">348<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_SettlementAssetsReserveDeductions', window );">Reserve for losses on settlement assets, Deductions</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="num">(265)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(31)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(103)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_SettlementAssetsReserve', window );">Reserve for losses on settlement assets, Balance at end of year</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">1,866<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,143<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">554<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_AllowanceAndReservesDeductedFromAssetAccountsBalance', window );">Allowance and reserves deducted from asset, Balance at beginning of year</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">6,785<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">5,882<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">4,438<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProvisionForDoubtfulAccounts', window );">Allowance and reserves deducted from asset, Additions charged to costs and expenses</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">4,390<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,198<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,330<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_AllowanceAndReservesDeductedFromAssetAccountsDeductions', window );">Allowance and reserves deducted from asset, Deductions</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="num">(2,957)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1,295)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(886)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_AllowanceAndReservesDeductedFromAssetAccountsBalance', window );">Allowance and reserves deducted from asset, Balance at end of year</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">$ 8,218<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 6,785<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 5,882<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"><table class="outerFootnotes" width="100%"><tr class="outerFootnote">
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 12pt;" valign="top">[1]</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;" valign="top">Primarily uncollectible
accounts written off, net of recoveries.</td>
</tr></table></td></tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_AllowanceAndReservesDeductedFromAssetAccountsBalance">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Allowance and reserves deducted from asset accounts balance.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_AllowanceAndReservesDeductedFromAssetAccountsBalance</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_AllowanceAndReservesDeductedFromAssetAccountsDeductions">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Allowance and reserves deducted from asset accounts deductions.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_AllowanceAndReservesDeductedFromAssetAccountsDeductions</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_ProvisionForAccountsReceivableDoubtfulAccounts">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Allowance for doubtful accounts, Additions charged to costs and expenses.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_ProvisionForAccountsReceivableDoubtfulAccounts</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_ProvisionForSettlementAssetsReserve">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Additions charged to costs and expenses.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_ProvisionForSettlementAssetsReserve</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_SettlementAssetsReserve">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Settlement assets, net of reserve.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_SettlementAssetsReserve</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_SettlementAssetsReserveDeductions">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Reserve for settlement assets, deductions.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_SettlementAssetsReserveDeductions</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of allowance for credit loss on accounts receivable, classified as current.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(4))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 326<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479344/326-20-45-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 310<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481962/310-10-50-4<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableWriteOffs">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of direct write-downs of accounts receivable charged against the allowance.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 326<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479319/326-20-50-13<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableWriteOffs</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ProvisionForDoubtfulAccounts">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of expense (reversal of expense) for expected credit loss on accounts receivable.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 326<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479319/326-20-50-13<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(5))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483621/220-10-S99-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ProvisionForDoubtfulAccounts</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.3</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm45266146894000">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details Narrative)<br> $ in Millions</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="3">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th">
<div>Jul. 31, 2024 </div>
<div>USD ($) </div>
<div>Segments </div>
<div>shares</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Jul. 31, 2023 </div>
<div>USD ($) </div>
<div>shares</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Jul. 31, 2022 </div>
<div>USD ($) </div>
<div>shares</div>
</th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems', window );"><strong>Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NumberOfReportableSegments', window );">Number of reportable segments | Segments</a></td>
<td class="nump">4<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AdvertisingExpense', window );">Advertising expense</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 19.0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 17.9<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 17.0<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CapitalizedComputerSoftwareAmortization1', window );">Amortization expense</a></td>
<td class="nump">12.8<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">13.2<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 12.2<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CapitalizedComputerSoftwareNet', window );">Unamortized capital expense</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 18.6<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 18.8<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount', window );">Shares excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share | shares</a></td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis=us-gaap_SalesRevenueNetMember', window );">Revenue Benchmark [Member] | Customer Concentration Risk [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems', window );"><strong>Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_ConcentrationRiskThresholdPercentage', window );">Concentration risk threshold, percentage</a></td>
<td class="nump">10.30%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">10.80%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">12.50%<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis=us-gaap_AccountsReceivableMember', window );">Accounts Receivable [Member] | Customer Concentration Risk [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems', window );"><strong>Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_ConcentrationRiskThresholdPercentage', window );">Concentration risk threshold, percentage</a></td>
<td class="nump">22.70%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">16.70%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=us-gaap_EquipmentMember', window );">Equipment [Member] | Minimum [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems', window );"><strong>Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife', window );">Estimated useful lives of long-lived assets</a></td>
<td class="text">5 years<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=us-gaap_EquipmentMember', window );">Equipment [Member] | Maximum [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems', window );"><strong>Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife', window );">Estimated useful lives of long-lived assets</a></td>
<td class="text">7 years<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=IDT_ComputerSoftwareMember', window );">Computer Software [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems', window );"><strong>Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife', window );">Estimated useful lives of long-lived assets</a></td>
<td class="text">3 years<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=us-gaap_FurnitureAndFixturesMember', window );">Furniture and Fixtures [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems', window );"><strong>Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife', window );">Estimated useful lives of long-lived assets</a></td>
<td class="text">5 years<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=us-gaap_SoftwareAndSoftwareDevelopmentCostsMember', window );">Software and Software Development Costs [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems', window );"><strong>Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_InternalUseSoftwarePolicyDescription', window );">Internal use software policy description</a></td>
<td class="text">The
Company capitalizes the cost of internal-use software that has a useful life in excess of one year.<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_OwnershipAxis=IDT_NetTwophoneTwoZeroIncMember', window );">net2phone 2.0, Inc. [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems', window );"><strong>Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent', window );">Ownership percentage</a></td>
<td class="nump">94.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_FullyDilutedMinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent', window );">Fully diluted basis assuming vesting, percentage</a></td>
<td class="nump">90.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_OwnershipAxis=IDT_NationalRetailSolutionsMember', window );">National Retail Solutions [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems', window );"><strong>Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent', window );">Ownership percentage</a></td>
<td class="nump">81.50%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_FullyDilutedMinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent', window );">Fully diluted basis assuming vesting, percentage</a></td>
<td class="nump">79.30%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_ConcentrationRiskThresholdPercentage">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Concentration risk threshold percentage.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_ConcentrationRiskThresholdPercentage</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_FullyDilutedMinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Fully diluted basis assuming vesting, percentage.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_FullyDilutedMinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_InternalUseSoftwarePolicyDescription">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Internal use software policy description.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_InternalUseSoftwarePolicyDescription</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AdvertisingExpense">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount charged to advertising expense for the period, which are expenses incurred with the objective of increasing revenue for a specified brand, product or product line.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 720<br> -SubTopic 35<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483385/720-35-55-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 720<br> -SubTopic 35<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483406/720-35-50-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AdvertisingExpense</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Securities (including those issuable pursuant to contingent stock agreements) that could potentially dilute basic earnings per share (EPS) or earnings per unit (EPU) in the future that were not included in the computation of diluted EPS or EPU because to do so would increase EPS or EPU amounts or decrease loss per share or unit amounts for the period presented.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482662/260-10-50-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CapitalizedComputerSoftwareAmortization1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of expense for amortization of capitalized computer software costs.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 985<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481283/985-20-50-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 985<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (b)(1)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481283/985-20-50-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CapitalizedComputerSoftwareAmortization1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CapitalizedComputerSoftwareNet">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The carrying amount of capitalized computer software costs net of accumulated amortization as of the balance sheet date.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 985<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481283/985-20-50-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CapitalizedComputerSoftwareNet</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The parent entity's interest in net assets of the subsidiary, expressed as a percentage.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NumberOfReportableSegments">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of segments reported by the entity. A reportable segment is a component of an entity for which there is an accounting requirement to report separate financial information on that component in the entity's financial statements.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 47<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482785/280-10-55-47<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 54<br> -Subparagraph (e)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482785/280-10-55-54<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 18<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-18<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NumberOfReportableSegments</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 7A<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478964/842-20-50-7A<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Useful life of long lived, physical assets used in the normal conduct of business and not intended for resale, in 'PnYnMnDTnHnMnS' format, for example, 'P1Y5M13D' represents the reported fact of one year, five months, and thirteen days. Examples include, but not limited to, land, buildings, machinery and equipment, office equipment, furniture and fixtures, and computer equipment.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis=us-gaap_SalesRevenueNetMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis=us-gaap_SalesRevenueNetMember</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis=us-gaap_CustomerConcentrationRiskMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis=us-gaap_CustomerConcentrationRiskMember</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis=us-gaap_AccountsReceivableMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis=us-gaap_AccountsReceivableMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=us-gaap_EquipmentMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=us-gaap_EquipmentMember</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_RangeAxis=srt_MinimumMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_RangeAxis=srt_MaximumMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_RangeAxis=srt_MaximumMember</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=IDT_ComputerSoftwareMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=IDT_ComputerSoftwareMember</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=us-gaap_FurnitureAndFixturesMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=us-gaap_FurnitureAndFixturesMember</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=us-gaap_SoftwareAndSoftwareDevelopmentCostsMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=us-gaap_SoftwareAndSoftwareDevelopmentCostsMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_OwnershipAxis=IDT_NetTwophoneTwoZeroIncMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_OwnershipAxis=IDT_NetTwophoneTwoZeroIncMember</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_OwnershipAxis=IDT_NationalRetailSolutionsMember</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
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<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.3</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm45266149237632">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Schedule of Operating Results of Business Segments (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="3">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2022</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SegmentReportingInformationLineItems', window );"><strong>Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Revenues', window );">Revenues</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,205,778<span></span>
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<td class="nump">$ 1,238,854<span></span>
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<td class="nump">$ 1,364,057<span></span>
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<td class="nump">64,753<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">60,743<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">60,089<span></span>
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</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DepreciationAndAmortization', window );">Depreciation and amortization</a></td>
<td class="num">(20,351)<span></span>
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<td class="num">(20,136)<span></span>
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<td class="num">(18,115)<span></span>
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<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=IDT_NationalRetailSolutionsMember', window );">National Retail Solutions [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SegmentReportingInformationLineItems', window );"><strong>Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Revenues', window );">Revenues</a></td>
<td class="nump">103,141<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">77,115<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">51,299<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss', window );">Income (loss) from operations</a></td>
<td class="nump">21,626<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">14,400<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">11,208<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DepreciationAndAmortization', window );">Depreciation and amortization</a></td>
<td class="num">(3,200)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(2,363)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(906)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=IDT_FintechMember', window );">Fintech [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SegmentReportingInformationLineItems', window );"><strong>Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Revenues', window );">Revenues</a></td>
<td class="nump">120,721<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">86,610<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">64,593<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss', window );">Income (loss) from operations</a></td>
<td class="num">(130)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(2,533)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(6,887)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DepreciationAndAmortization', window );">Depreciation and amortization</a></td>
<td class="num">(2,872)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(2,683)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(2,231)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=IDT_Net2phoneMember', window );">Net2 phone [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SegmentReportingInformationLineItems', window );"><strong>Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Revenues', window );">Revenues</a></td>
<td class="nump">82,325<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">72,388<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">58,185<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss', window );">Income (loss) from operations</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,681<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(2,755)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(11,132)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DepreciationAndAmortization', window );">Depreciation and amortization</a></td>
<td class="num">(6,133)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(5,608)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(5,374)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsMember', window );">Traditional Communications [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SegmentReportingInformationLineItems', window );"><strong>Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Revenues', window );">Revenues</a></td>
<td class="nump">899,591<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,002,741<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,189,980<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss', window );">Income (loss) from operations</a></td>
<td class="nump">56,435<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">61,288<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">75,826<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DepreciationAndAmortization', window );">Depreciation and amortization</a></td>
<td class="num">(8,064)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(9,428)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(9,527)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=us-gaap_CorporateMember', window );">Corporate Segment [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SegmentReportingInformationLineItems', window );"><strong>Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Revenues', window );">Revenues</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss', window );">Income (loss) from operations</a></td>
<td class="num">(14,859)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(9,657)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(8,926)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DepreciationAndAmortization', window );">Depreciation and amortization</a></td>
<td class="num">$ (82)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (54)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (77)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DepreciationAndAmortization">
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The current period expense charged against earnings on long-lived, physical assets not used in production, and which are not intended for resale, to allocate or recognize the cost of such assets over their useful lives; or to record the reduction in book value of an intangible asset over the benefit period of such asset; or to reflect consumption during the period of an asset that is not used in production.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 230<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-28<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 360<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482099/360-10-50-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The net result for the period of deducting operating expenses from operating revenues.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 22<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-22<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-32<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 30<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-30<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 270<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (i)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482964/270-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Subparagraph (ee)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-32<br><br>Reference 6: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/otherTransitionRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-32<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 31<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-31<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of revenue recognized from goods sold, services rendered, insurance premiums, or other activities that constitute an earning process. Includes, but is not limited to, investment and interest income before deduction of interest expense when recognized as a component of revenue, and sales and trading gain (loss).</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_Revenues</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SegmentReportingInformationLineItems</td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.3</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm45266144068528">
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<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Schedule of Net Long-lived Assets and Total Assets by Geographic Areas (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2023</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenuesFromExternalCustomersAndLongLivedAssetsLineItems', window );"><strong>Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_EntityWideDisclosureOnGeographicAreasLongLivedAssetsAmount', window );">Long-lived assets, net</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 41,925<span></span>
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<td class="nump">$ 44,195<span></span>
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<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Assets', window );">Total assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">550,095<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">510,810<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis=country_US', window );">UNITED STATES</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenuesFromExternalCustomersAndLongLivedAssetsLineItems', window );"><strong>Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_EntityWideDisclosureOnGeographicAreasLongLivedAssetsAmount', window );">Long-lived assets, net</a></td>
<td class="nump">28,825<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">29,415<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Assets', window );">Total assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">305,738<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">267,746<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis=IDT_OtherCountriesMember', window );">Other Countries [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenuesFromExternalCustomersAndLongLivedAssetsLineItems', window );"><strong>Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_EntityWideDisclosureOnGeographicAreasLongLivedAssetsAmount', window );">Long-lived assets, net</a></td>
<td class="nump">13,100<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">14,780<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Assets', window );">Total assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 244,357<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 243,064<span></span>
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</tr>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Entity wide disclosure on geographic sreas Long lived assets amount.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_EntityWideDisclosureOnGeographicAreasLongLivedAssetsAmount</td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of asset recognized for present right to economic benefit.</p></div>
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<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Schedule of Revenues Disaggregated by Business Segment and Service Offered to Customers (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
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<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2024</div></th>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="nump">76,928<span></span>
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<td class="nump">55,561<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Revenues', window );">Revenues</a></td>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Revenues', window );">Revenues</a></td>
<td class="nump">899,591<span></span>
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<td class="nump">1,002,741<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,189,980<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsMember', window );">Traditional Communications [Member] | Other [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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</td>
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<tr class="ro">
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
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<td class="nump">27,827<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">33,269<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">36,491<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsMember', window );">Traditional Communications [Member] | IDT Digital Payments [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Revenues', window );">Revenues</a></td>
<td class="nump">407,430<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">417,057<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">473,215<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsMember', window );">Traditional Communications [Member] | BOSS Revolution [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Revenues', window );">Revenues</a></td>
<td class="nump">263,215<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">322,134<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">387,937<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsMember', window );">Traditional Communications [Member] | IDT Global [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems', window );"><strong>Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Revenues', window );">Revenues</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 201,119<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 230,281<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 292,337<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of revenue recognized from goods sold, services rendered, insurance premiums, or other activities that constitute an earning process. Includes, but is not limited to, investment and interest income before deduction of interest expense when recognized as a component of revenue, and sales and trading gain (loss).</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
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<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_ProductOrServiceAxis=IDT_OtherMember</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=IDT_Net2phoneMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis=IDT_IDTDigitalPaymentsMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_ProductOrServiceAxis=IDT_IDTDigitalPaymentsMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis=IDT_BOSSRevolutionMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_ProductOrServiceAxis=IDT_BOSSRevolutionMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis=IDT_IDTGlobalMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_ProductOrServiceAxis=IDT_IDTGlobalMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>81
<FILENAME>R65.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
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<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.24.3</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm45266148122800">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Schedule of Revenues Disaggregated by Geographic Region (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="3">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2022</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems', window );"><strong>Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Revenues', window );">TOTAL</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,205,778<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,238,854<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,364,057<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=IDT_NationalRetailSolutionsMember', window );">National Retail Solutions [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems', window );"><strong>Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Revenues', window );">TOTAL</a></td>
<td class="nump">103,141<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">77,115<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">51,299<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=IDT_FintechMember', window );">Fintech [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems', window );"><strong>Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Revenues', window );">TOTAL</a></td>
<td class="nump">120,721<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">86,610<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">64,593<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=IDT_Net2phoneMember', window );">Net2 phone [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems', window );"><strong>Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Revenues', window );">TOTAL</a></td>
<td class="nump">82,325<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">72,388<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">58,185<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsMember', window );">Traditional Communications [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems', window );"><strong>Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Revenues', window );">TOTAL</a></td>
<td class="nump">899,591<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,002,741<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,189,980<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis=country_US', window );">UNITED STATES</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems', window );"><strong>Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Revenues', window );">TOTAL</a></td>
<td class="nump">922,950<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">892,220<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">973,535<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis=country_US', window );">UNITED STATES | National Retail Solutions [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems', window );"><strong>Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Revenues', window );">TOTAL</a></td>
<td class="nump">103,141<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">77,115<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">51,299<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis=country_US', window );">UNITED STATES | Fintech [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems', window );"><strong>Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Revenues', window );">TOTAL</a></td>
<td class="nump">116,732<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">83,883<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">62,598<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis=country_US', window );">UNITED STATES | Net2 phone [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems', window );"><strong>Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Revenues', window );">TOTAL</a></td>
<td class="nump">44,617<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">38,029<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">30,283<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis=country_US', window );">UNITED STATES | Traditional Communications [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems', window );"><strong>Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Revenues', window );">TOTAL</a></td>
<td class="nump">658,460<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">693,193<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">829,355<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis=country_GB', window );">UNITED KINGDOM</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems', window );"><strong>Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Revenues', window );">TOTAL</a></td>
<td class="nump">209,493<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">267,697<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">311,847<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis=country_GB', window );">UNITED KINGDOM | National Retail Solutions [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems', window );"><strong>Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Revenues', window );">TOTAL</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis=country_GB', window );">UNITED KINGDOM | Fintech [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems', window );"><strong>Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Revenues', window );">TOTAL</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis=country_GB', window );">UNITED KINGDOM | Net2 phone [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems', window );"><strong>Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Revenues', window );">TOTAL</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis=country_GB', window );">UNITED KINGDOM | Traditional Communications [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems', window );"><strong>Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Revenues', window );">TOTAL</a></td>
<td class="nump">209,493<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">267,697<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">311,847<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis=IDT_OthersMember', window );">Others [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems', window );"><strong>Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Revenues', window );">TOTAL</a></td>
<td class="nump">73,335<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">78,937<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">78,675<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis=IDT_OthersMember', window );">Others [Member] | National Retail Solutions [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems', window );"><strong>Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Revenues', window );">TOTAL</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis=IDT_OthersMember', window );">Others [Member] | Fintech [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems', window );"><strong>Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Revenues', window );">TOTAL</a></td>
<td class="nump">3,989<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,727<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,995<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis=IDT_OthersMember', window );">Others [Member] | Net2 phone [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems', window );"><strong>Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Revenues', window );">TOTAL</a></td>
<td class="nump">37,708<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">34,359<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">27,902<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis=IDT_OthersMember', window );">Others [Member] | Traditional Communications [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems', window );"><strong>Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Revenues', window );">TOTAL</a></td>
<td class="nump">31,638<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">41,851<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">48,778<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis=us-gaap_NonUsMember', window );">Non-US [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems', window );"><strong>Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Revenues', window );">TOTAL</a></td>
<td class="nump">282,828<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">346,634<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">390,522<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis=us-gaap_NonUsMember', window );">Non-US [Member] | National Retail Solutions [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems', window );"><strong>Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Revenues', window );">TOTAL</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis=us-gaap_NonUsMember', window );">Non-US [Member] | Fintech [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems', window );"><strong>Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Revenues', window );">TOTAL</a></td>
<td class="nump">3,989<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,727<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,995<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis=us-gaap_NonUsMember', window );">Non-US [Member] | Net2 phone [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems', window );"><strong>Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Revenues', window );">TOTAL</a></td>
<td class="nump">37,708<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">34,359<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">27,902<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis=us-gaap_NonUsMember', window );">Non-US [Member] | Traditional Communications [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems', window );"><strong>Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Revenues', window );">TOTAL</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 241,131<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 309,548<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 360,625<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-5<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 91<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479777/606-10-55-91<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 91<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479777/606-10-55-91<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 91<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479777/606-10-55-91<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 91<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479777/606-10-55-91<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 91<br> -Subparagraph (e)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479777/606-10-55-91<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 91<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479777/606-10-55-91<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 91<br> -Subparagraph (g)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479777/606-10-55-91<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_Revenues">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of revenue recognized from goods sold, services rendered, insurance premiums, or other activities that constitute an earning process. Includes, but is not limited to, investment and interest income before deduction of interest expense when recognized as a component of revenue, and sales and trading gain (loss).</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<tr>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
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<title></title>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.3</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm45266149408496">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Schedule of Estimated Revenue by Business Segment (Details)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th">
<div>Jul. 31, 2024 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis=2024-07-31', window );">Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2024-07-31</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionLineItems', window );"><strong>Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligation', window );">TOTAL</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 81,597<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionPeriod1', window );">Remaining Performance Obligations, Years</a></td>
<td class="text">0 years<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis=2025-08-01', window );">Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2025-08-01</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionLineItems', window );"><strong>Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligation', window );">TOTAL</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 45,896<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionPeriod1', window );">Remaining Performance Obligations, Years</a></td>
<td class="text">1 year<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis=2026-08-01', window );">Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2026-08-01</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionLineItems', window );"><strong>Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligation', window );">TOTAL</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 24,246<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionPeriod1', window );">Remaining Performance Obligations, Years</a></td>
<td class="text">1 year<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis=2027-08-01', window );">Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2027-08-01</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionLineItems', window );"><strong>Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligation', window );">TOTAL</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 11,455<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionPeriod1', window );">Remaining Performance Obligations, Years</a></td>
<td class="text">0 years<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=IDT_NationalRetailSolutionsMember', window );">National Retail Solutions [Member] | Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2024-07-31</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionLineItems', window );"><strong>Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligation', window );">TOTAL</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 16,450<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=IDT_NationalRetailSolutionsMember', window );">National Retail Solutions [Member] | Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2025-08-01</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionLineItems', window );"><strong>Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligation', window );">TOTAL</a></td>
<td class="nump">6,359<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=IDT_NationalRetailSolutionsMember', window );">National Retail Solutions [Member] | Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2026-08-01</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionLineItems', window );"><strong>Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligation', window );">TOTAL</a></td>
<td class="nump">5,263<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=IDT_NationalRetailSolutionsMember', window );">National Retail Solutions [Member] | Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2027-08-01</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionLineItems', window );"><strong>Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligation', window );">TOTAL</a></td>
<td class="nump">4,828<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=IDT_Net2phoneMember', window );">Net2 phone [Member] | Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2024-07-31</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionLineItems', window );"><strong>Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligation', window );">TOTAL</a></td>
<td class="nump">65,147<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=IDT_Net2phoneMember', window );">Net2 phone [Member] | Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2025-08-01</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionLineItems', window );"><strong>Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligation', window );">TOTAL</a></td>
<td class="nump">39,537<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=IDT_Net2phoneMember', window );">Net2 phone [Member] | Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2026-08-01</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionLineItems', window );"><strong>Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligation', window );">TOTAL</a></td>
<td class="nump">18,983<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=IDT_Net2phoneMember', window );">Net2 phone [Member] | Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2027-08-01</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionLineItems', window );"><strong>Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligation', window );">TOTAL</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 6,627<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligation">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of transaction price allocated to performance obligation that has not been recognized as revenue.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 606<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-13<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligation</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionPeriod1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Period in which remaining performance obligation is expected to be recognized as revenue, in 'PnYnMnDTnHnMnS' format, for example, 'P1Y5M13D' represents reported fact of one year, five months, and thirteen days.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -Subparagraph (b)(1)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 606<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-13<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionPeriod1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:durationItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis=2024-07-31">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis=2024-07-31</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis=2025-08-01">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis=2025-08-01</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis=2026-08-01">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis=2026-08-01</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis=2027-08-01">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis=2027-08-01</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=IDT_NationalRetailSolutionsMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=IDT_NationalRetailSolutionsMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=IDT_Net2phoneMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=IDT_Net2phoneMember</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.3</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm45266144324672">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Schedule of Deferred Customer Contract Acquisition Costs (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2023</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerAbstract', window );"><strong>Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CapitalizedContractCostNetCurrent', window );">Deferred customer contract acquisition costs included in &#8220;Other current assets&#8221;</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 4,823<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 4,460<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CapitalizedContractCostNetNoncurrent', window );">Deferred customer contract acquisition costs included in &#8220;Other assets&#8221;</a></td>
<td class="nump">4,276<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,734<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CapitalizedContractCostNet', window );">TOTAL</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 9,099<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 8,194<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CapitalizedContractCostNet">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, after accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment loss, of asset recognized from cost incurred to obtain or fulfill contract with customer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 340<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479483/340-40-50-3<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CapitalizedContractCostNet</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CapitalizedContractCostNetCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, after accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment loss, of asset recognized from cost incurred to obtain or fulfill contract with customer; classified as current.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 340<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479483/340-40-50-3<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CapitalizedContractCostNetCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CapitalizedContractCostNetNoncurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, after accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment loss, of asset recognized from cost incurred to obtain or fulfill contract with customer; classified as noncurrent.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 340<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479483/340-40-50-3<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CapitalizedContractCostNetNoncurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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</div>
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<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.3</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm45266148716512">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Revenue Recognition (Details Narrative) - USD ($)<br> $ in Millions</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="3">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2022</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerAbstract', window );"><strong>Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityRevenueRecognized', window );">Contract liability</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 22.1<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 23.5<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 28.2<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CapitalizedContractCostAmortization', window );">Capitalized contract cost, amortization</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 5.8<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 4.9<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 4.4<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CapitalizedContractCostAmortization">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of amortization expense for asset recognized from cost incurred to obtain or fulfill contract with customer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 340<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479483/340-40-50-3<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CapitalizedContractCostAmortization</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityRevenueRecognized">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of revenue recognized that was previously included in balance of obligation to transfer good or service to customer for which consideration from customer has been received or is due.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-8<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityRevenueRecognized</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
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<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
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<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.24.3</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm45266144875456">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Schedule of Supplemental Disclosures Related to the Company's Operating Leases (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="3">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2022</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_DisclosureLeasesAbstract', window );"><strong>Leases</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseCost', window );">Operating lease cost</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 2,557<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 3,175<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 2,901<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShortTermLeaseCost', window );">Short-term lease cost</a></td>
<td class="nump">924<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,095<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,348<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LeaseCost', window );">TOTAL LEASE COST</a></td>
<td class="nump">3,481<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">4,270<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">4,249<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeasePayments', window );">Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities: Operating cash flows from operating leases</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 2,588<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 3,262<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 2,857<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_DisclosureLeasesAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_DisclosureLeasesAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LeaseCost">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of lease cost recognized by lessee for lease contract.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 53<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479589/842-20-55-53<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478964/842-20-50-4<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LeaseCost</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseCost">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of single lease cost, calculated by allocation of remaining cost of lease over remaining lease term. Includes, but is not limited to, single lease cost, after impairment of right-of-use asset, calculated by amortization of remaining right-of-use asset and accretion of lease liability.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 53<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479589/842-20-55-53<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478964/842-20-50-4<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingLeaseCost</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeasePayments">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash outflow from operating lease, excluding payments to bring another asset to condition and location necessary for its intended use.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479041/842-20-45-5<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Subparagraph (g)(1)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478964/842-20-50-4<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingLeasePayments</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShortTermLeaseCost">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of short-term lease cost, excluding expense for lease with term of one month or less.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 53<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479589/842-20-55-53<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478964/842-20-50-4<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShortTermLeaseCost</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.3</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm45266151797440">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Schedule of Supplemental Disclosures Related Weighted Average Operating Leases (Details)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2023</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_DisclosureLeasesAbstract', window );"><strong>Leases</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageRemainingLeaseTerm1', window );">Operating lease, weighted average remaining lease term</a></td>
<td class="text">2 years 7 months 6 days<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">2 years 3 months 18 days<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageDiscountRatePercent', window );">Operating lease, weighted average discount rate, percent</a></td>
<td class="nump">5.60%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3.70%<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_DisclosureLeasesAbstract</td>
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<td>duration</td>
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</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageDiscountRatePercent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Weighted average discount rate for operating lease calculated at point in time.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 53<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479589/842-20-55-53<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Subparagraph (g)(4)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478964/842-20-50-4<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageDiscountRatePercent</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:percentItemType</td>
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<td>instant</td>
</tr>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Weighted average remaining lease term for operating lease, in 'PnYnMnDTnHnMnS' format, for example, 'P1Y5M13D' represents reported fact of one year, five months, and thirteen days.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 53<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479589/842-20-55-53<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Subparagraph (g)(3)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478964/842-20-50-4<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageRemainingLeaseTerm1</td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.3</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm45266154366752">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Schedule of Aggregate Operating Lease Liability (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2023</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_DisclosureLeasesAbstract', window );"><strong>Leases</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent', window );">Operating lease liabilities included in &#8220;Other current liabilities&#8221;</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,866<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 2,861<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrentStatementOfFinancialPositionExtensibleList', window );">Operating Lease, Liability, Current, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration]</a></td>
<td class="text">Other current liabilities<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">Other current liabilities<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent', window );">Operating lease liabilities included in noncurrent liabilities</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,533<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 2,881<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiability', window );">TOTAL</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 3,399<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 5,742<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_DisclosureLeasesAbstract</td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Present value of lessee's discounted obligation for lease payments from operating lease.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479041/842-20-45-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Present value of lessee's discounted obligation for lease payments from operating lease, classified as current.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479041/842-20-45-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicates line item in statement of financial position that includes current operating lease liability.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479041/842-20-45-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrentStatementOfFinancialPositionExtensibleList</td>
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<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Present value of lessee's discounted obligation for lease payments from operating lease, classified as noncurrent.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479041/842-20-45-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.3</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm45266144254432">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Schedule of Future Minimum Maturities of Operating Lease Liabilities (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2023</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_DisclosureLeasesAbstract', window );"><strong>Leases</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueNextRollingTwelveMonths', window );">2025</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 2,002<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearTwo', window );">2026</a></td>
<td class="nump">699<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearThree', window );">2027</a></td>
<td class="nump">490<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearFour', window );">2028</a></td>
<td class="nump">233<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearFive', window );">2029</a></td>
<td class="nump">185<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueAfterRollingYearFive', window );">Thereafter</a></td>
<td class="nump">62<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue', window );">Total lease payments</a></td>
<td class="nump">3,671<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityUndiscountedExcessAmount', window );">Less imputed interest</a></td>
<td class="num">(272)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiability', window );">Total operating lease liabilities</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 3,399<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 5,742<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_DisclosureLeasesAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_DisclosureLeasesAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of lessee's undiscounted obligation for lease payment for operating lease.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478964/842-20-50-6<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueAfterRollingYearFive">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of lessee's undiscounted obligation for lease payments for operating lease, due after fifth rolling twelve months following latest statement of financial position date. For interim and annual periods when interim periods are reported on rolling approach, from latest statement of financial position date.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478964/842-20-50-6<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueAfterRollingYearFive</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearFive">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of lessee's undiscounted obligation for lease payments for operating lease, due in fifth rolling twelve months following latest statement of financial position date. For interim and annual periods when interim periods are reported on a rolling approach, from latest statement of financial position date.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478964/842-20-50-6<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearFive</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearFour">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of lessee's undiscounted obligation for lease payments for operating lease, due in fourth rolling twelve months following latest statement of financial position date. For interim and annual periods when interim periods are reported on a rolling approach, from latest statement of financial position date.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478964/842-20-50-6<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearFour</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearThree">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of lessee's undiscounted obligation for lease payments for operating lease, due in third rolling twelve months following latest statement of financial position date. For interim and annual periods when interim periods are reported on a rolling approach, from latest statement of financial position date.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478964/842-20-50-6<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearThree</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearTwo">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of lessee's undiscounted obligation for lease payments for operating lease, due in second rolling twelve months following latest statement of financial position date. For interim and annual periods when interim periods are reported on a rolling approach, from latest statement of financial position date.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478964/842-20-50-6<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearTwo</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueNextRollingTwelveMonths">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of lessee's undiscounted obligation for lease payments for operating lease, due in next rolling twelve months following latest statement of financial position date. For interim and annual periods when interim periods are reported on a rolling approach, from latest statement of financial position date.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478964/842-20-50-6<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueNextRollingTwelveMonths</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityUndiscountedExcessAmount">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of lessee's undiscounted obligation for lease payments in excess of discounted obligation for lease payments for operating lease.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478964/842-20-50-6<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityUndiscountedExcessAmount</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiability">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Present value of lessee's discounted obligation for lease payments from operating lease.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479041/842-20-45-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiability</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
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<FILENAME>R73.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
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<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.24.3</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm45266145421488">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Leases (Details Narrative) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="3">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2022</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseCost', window );">Incurred lease cost</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 2,557<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 3,175<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 2,901<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RightOfUseAssetObtainedInExchangeForOperatingLeaseLiability', window );">Right of use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities</a></td>
<td class="nump">900<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,800<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,200<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_RightOfUseAssetReductionFromLeaseModification', window );">Right of use assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">800<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingLeaseLiability', window );">Reduction in operating lease liability</a></td>
<td class="nump">900<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=IDT_RafaelHoldingsIncMember', window );">Rafael Holdings Inc [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseCost', window );">Incurred lease cost</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 100<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 300<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 2,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_GeographicDistributionAxis=IDT_NewarkMember', window );">Newark [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseDescription', window );">Lessee operating lease, description</a></td>
<td class="text">The Newark lease expires in April 2025
and the Israel lease expires in July 2025<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_RangeAxis=srt_MinimumMember', window );">Minimum [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseTermOfContract', window );">Lessee, operating lease, term of contract</a></td>
<td class="text">1 year<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_RangeAxis=srt_MaximumMember', window );">Maximum [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseTermOfContract', window );">Lessee, operating lease, term of contract</a></td>
<td class="text">6 years<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_RightOfUseAssetReductionFromLeaseModification">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Right of use asset reduction from lease modification.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_RightOfUseAssetReductionFromLeaseModification</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingLeaseLiability">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of increase (decrease) in obligation for operating lease.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-28<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Subparagraph (g)(1)<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Topic 842<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478964/842-20-50-4<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingLeaseLiability</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseDescription">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Description of lessee's operating lease.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (a)(1)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478964/842-20-50-3<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseDescription</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseTermOfContract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Term of lessee's operating lease, in 'PnYnMnDTnHnMnS' format, for example, 'P1Y5M13D' represents reported fact of one year, five months, and thirteen days.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (a)(3)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478964/842-20-50-3<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseTermOfContract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:durationItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseCost">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of single lease cost, calculated by allocation of remaining cost of lease over remaining lease term. Includes, but is not limited to, single lease cost, after impairment of right-of-use asset, calculated by amortization of remaining right-of-use asset and accretion of lease liability.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 53<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479589/842-20-55-53<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478964/842-20-50-4<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingLeaseCost</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RightOfUseAssetObtainedInExchangeForOperatingLeaseLiability">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of increase in right-of-use asset obtained in exchange for operating lease liability.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 53<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479589/842-20-55-53<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Subparagraph (g)(2)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478964/842-20-50-4<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RightOfUseAssetObtainedInExchangeForOperatingLeaseLiability</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=IDT_RafaelHoldingsIncMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=IDT_RafaelHoldingsIncMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_GeographicDistributionAxis=IDT_NewarkMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_GeographicDistributionAxis=IDT_NewarkMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_RangeAxis=srt_MinimumMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_RangeAxis=srt_MinimumMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_RangeAxis=srt_MaximumMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_RangeAxis=srt_MaximumMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>90
<FILENAME>R74.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
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<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.24.3</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm45266149287584">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Schedule of Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2022</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2021</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAbstract', window );"><strong>Cash and Cash Equivalents [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue', window );">Cash and cash equivalents</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 164,557<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 103,637<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue', window );">Restricted cash and cash equivalents</a></td>
<td class="nump">90,899<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">95,186<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents', window );">TOTAL CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS, AND RESTRICTED CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 255,456<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 198,823<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 189,562<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 226,916<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of currency on hand as well as demand deposits with banks or financial institutions. Includes other kinds of accounts that have the general characteristics of demand deposits. Also includes short-term, highly liquid investments that are both readily convertible to known amounts of cash and so near their maturity that they present insignificant risk of changes in value because of changes in interest rates. Excludes cash and cash equivalents within disposal group and discontinued operation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(1))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483467/210-10-45-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-4<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash and cash equivalents, and cash and cash equivalents restricted to withdrawal or usage. Excludes amount for disposal group and discontinued operations. Cash includes, but is not limited to, currency on hand, demand deposits with banks or financial institutions, and other accounts with general characteristics of demand deposits. Cash equivalents include, but are not limited to, short-term, highly liquid investments that are both readily convertible to known amounts of cash and so near their maturity that they present insignificant risk of changes in value because of changes in interest rates.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482913/230-10-50-8<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 24<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-24<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-4<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash and cash equivalents restricted as to withdrawal or usage, classified as current. Cash includes, but is not limited to, currency on hand, demand deposits with banks or financial institutions, and other accounts with general characteristics of demand deposits. Cash equivalents include, but are not limited to, short-term, highly liquid investments that are both readily convertible to known amounts of cash and so near their maturity that they present insignificant risk of changes in value because of changes in interest rates.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(1))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482913/230-10-50-8<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-4<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.3</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm45266146755984">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents (Details Narrative) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2023</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue', window );">Restricted cash and cash equivalents, current</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 90,899<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 95,186<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue', window );">Cash and cash equivalents, at carrying value</a></td>
<td class="nump">164,557<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">103,637<span></span>
</td>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis=IDT_IDTFinancialServicesLimitedMember', window );">IDT Financial Services Limited [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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<td class="nump">83,300<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">87,300<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis=IDT_IDTPaymentServicesMember', window );">IDT Payment Services [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue', window );">Cash and cash equivalents, at carrying value</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 55,900<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 20,600<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of currency on hand as well as demand deposits with banks or financial institutions. Includes other kinds of accounts that have the general characteristics of demand deposits. Also includes short-term, highly liquid investments that are both readily convertible to known amounts of cash and so near their maturity that they present insignificant risk of changes in value because of changes in interest rates. Excludes cash and cash equivalents within disposal group and discontinued operation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(1))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483467/210-10-45-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-4<br></p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash and cash equivalents restricted as to withdrawal or usage, classified as current. Cash includes, but is not limited to, currency on hand, demand deposits with banks or financial institutions, and other accounts with general characteristics of demand deposits. Cash equivalents include, but are not limited to, short-term, highly liquid investments that are both readily convertible to known amounts of cash and so near their maturity that they present insignificant risk of changes in value because of changes in interest rates.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(1))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482913/230-10-50-8<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-4<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.3</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm45266145432144">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Schedule of Acquisition Date Fair Value of Consideration (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="3">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Mar. 03, 2022</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Mar. 01, 2022</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2022</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BusinessAcquisitionLineItems', window );"><strong>Business Acquisition [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireBusinessesNetOfCashAcquired', window );">Cash paid, net of cash acquired</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 7,552<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueAcquisitions', window );">Shares of the Company&#8217;s Class B common stock</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 100<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 100<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BusinessAcquisitionAxis=IDT_IntegraCCSMember', window );">Integra CCS [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BusinessAcquisitionLineItems', window );"><strong>Business Acquisition [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireBusinessesGross', window );">Cash paid</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 7,200<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashAcquiredFromAcquisition', window );">Cash acquired</a></td>
<td class="num">(81)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireBusinessesNetOfCashAcquired', window );">Cash paid, net of cash acquired</a></td>
<td class="nump">7,119<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueAcquisitions', window );">Shares of the Company&#8217;s Class B common stock</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferredLiabilitiesIncurred', window );">Future payments subject to holdback</a></td>
<td class="nump">3,158<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent', window );">Contingent consideration</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,361<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferred1', window );">Total fair value of consideration, net of cash acquired</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 12,638<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BusinessAcquisitionAxis=IDT_LeafGlobalFintechCorporationMember', window );">Leaf Global Fintech Corporation [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BusinessAcquisitionLineItems', window );"><strong>Business Acquisition [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireBusinessesGross', window );">Cash paid</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 500<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashAcquiredFromAcquisition', window );">Cash acquired</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(167)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireBusinessesNetOfCashAcquired', window );">Cash paid, net of cash acquired</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">333<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent', window );">Contingent consideration</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,330<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferred1', window );">Total fair value of consideration, net of cash acquired</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 3,663<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 805<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479907/805-20-50-5<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of consideration transferred, consisting of acquisition-date fair value of assets transferred by the acquirer, liabilities incurred by the acquirer, and equity interest issued by the acquirer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 30<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Topic 805<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479637/805-30-30-8<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Topic 805<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479581/805-30-50-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 30<br> -Paragraph 7<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Topic 805<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479637/805-30-30-7<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of liabilities incurred by the acquirer as part of consideration transferred in a business combination.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 805<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (b)(3)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479581/805-30-50-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 805<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 25<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479668/805-30-25-5<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 30<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Topic 805<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479637/805-30-30-8<br><br>Reference 4: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 30<br> -Paragraph 7<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Topic 805<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479637/805-30-30-7<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of liability recognized arising from contingent consideration in a business combination, expected to be settled beyond one year or the normal operating cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 805<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 35<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479613/805-30-35-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 805<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 25<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479668/805-30-25-6<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The cash inflow associated with the acquisition of business during the period (for example, cash that was held by the acquired business).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 12<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-12<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The cash outflow associated with the acquisition of business during the period. The cash portion only of the acquisition price.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 805<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (b)(1)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479581/805-30-50-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-13<br></p></div>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireBusinessesNetOfCashAcquired">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The cash outflow associated with the acquisition of a business, net of the cash acquired from the purchase.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-13<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireBusinessesNetOfCashAcquired</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueAcquisitions">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Value of stock issued pursuant to acquisitions during the period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 505<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(30))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(31))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 5: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480008/505-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueAcquisitions</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_BusinessAcquisitionAxis=IDT_IntegraCCSMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_BusinessAcquisitionAxis=IDT_IntegraCCSMember</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_BusinessAcquisitionAxis=IDT_LeafGlobalFintechCorporationMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_BusinessAcquisitionAxis=IDT_LeafGlobalFintechCorporationMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.3</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm45266145902224">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Schedule of Impact of Acquisition's Purchase Price Allocations on Consolidated Balance Sheet (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Mar. 03, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2022</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Mar. 01, 2022</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2021</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BusinessAcquisitionLineItems', window );"><strong>Business Acquisition [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Goodwill', window );">Goodwill</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 26,288<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 26,457<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 26,380<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 14,897<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BusinessAcquisitionAxis=IDT_IntegraCCSMember', window );">Integra CCS [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BusinessAcquisitionLineItems', window );"><strong>Business Acquisition [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCurrentAssetsReceivables', window );">Trade accounts receivable</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 332<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCurrentAssetsPrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssets', window );">Prepaid expenses</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">4<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCurrentAssetsOther', window );">Other current assets</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">21<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedPropertyPlantAndEquipment', window );">Property, plant, and equipment (mainly acquired technology)</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">777<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Goodwill', window );">Goodwill</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">8,433<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCustomerRelationships', window );">Customer relationships (7-year useful lives)</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,230<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedIntangibles', window );">Tradename (5-year useful life)</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">400<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedNonCompleteAgreements', window );">Non-compete agreements (6-year useful lives)</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">660<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedOperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset', window );">Operating lease right-of-use asset</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">732<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedOtherNoncurrentAssets', window );">Other assets</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">24<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCurrentLiabilitiesAccruedLiabilities', window );">Accrued expenses</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(243)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedOperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent', window );">Operating lease liability current portion</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(176)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedOperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent', window );">Operating lease liability noncurrent portion</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(556)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredGoodwillAndLiabilitiesAssumedNet', window );">Net assets acquired excluding cash</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 12,638<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BusinessAcquisitionAxis=IDT_LeafGlobalFintechCorporationMember', window );">Leaf Global Fintech Corporation [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BusinessAcquisitionLineItems', window );"><strong>Business Acquisition [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCurrentAssets', window );">Current assets</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 9<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedPropertyPlantAndEquipment', window );">Property, plant, and equipment (mainly acquired technology)</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">324<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Goodwill', window );">Goodwill</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,199<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedIntangibles', window );">Tradename (5-year useful life)</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">131<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredGoodwillAndLiabilitiesAssumedNet', window );">Net assets acquired excluding cash</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 3,663<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCurrentLiabilitiesAccruedLiabilities">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Business combination recognized identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed current liabilities, accrued liabilities.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCurrentLiabilitiesAccruedLiabilities</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Business combination recognized identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed Customer relationships.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<td>IDT_</td>
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<td>debit</td>
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<td>instant</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Business combination recognized identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed non-complete agreements.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedNonCompleteAgreements</td>
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<td>IDT_</td>
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<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedOperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Business combination recognized identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed operating lease liability current.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedOperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedOperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Business combination recognized identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed operating lease liability noncurrent.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedOperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedOperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Business combination recognized identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed operating lease right of use asset.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedOperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_BusinessAcquisitionLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 805<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479907/805-20-50-5<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_BusinessAcquisitionLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCurrentAssets">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of assets that are expected to be realized or consumed within one year or the normal operating cycle, if longer, acquired at the acquisition date.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 805<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479907/805-20-50-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCurrentAssets</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCurrentAssetsOther">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of other assets expected to be realized or consumed before one year or the normal operating cycle, if longer, acquired at the acquisition date.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 805<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479907/805-20-50-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCurrentAssetsOther</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCurrentAssetsPrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssets">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of asset related to consideration paid in advance for costs that provide economic benefits in future periods, and amount of other assets that are expected to be realized or consumed within one year or the normal operating cycle, if longer, acquired at the acquisition date.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 805<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479907/805-20-50-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCurrentAssetsPrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssets</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCurrentAssetsReceivables">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount due from customers or clients for goods or services, including trade receivables, that have been delivered or sold in the normal course of business, and amounts due from others, including related parties expected to be converted to cash, sold or exchanged within one year or the normal operating cycle, if longer, acquired at the acquisition date.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 805<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479907/805-20-50-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCurrentAssetsReceivables</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedIntangibles">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The amount of identifiable intangible assets recognized as of the acquisition date.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 805<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 37<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479303/805-10-55-37<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 805<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479907/805-20-50-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedIntangibles</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedOtherNoncurrentAssets">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of other assets expected to be realized or consumed after one year or the normal operating cycle, if longer, acquired at the acquisition date.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 805<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479907/805-20-50-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedOtherNoncurrentAssets</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedPropertyPlantAndEquipment">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The amount of property, plant, and equipment recognized as of the acquisition date.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 805<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 37<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479303/805-10-55-37<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 805<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479907/805-20-50-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount recognized for assets, including goodwill, in excess of (less than) the aggregate liabilities assumed.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, after accumulated impairment loss, of asset representing future economic benefit arising from other asset acquired in business combination or from joint venture formation or both, that is not individually identified and separately recognized.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 49<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482785/280-10-55-49<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 350<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 24<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482548/350-20-55-24<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 820<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 100<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482078/820-10-55-100<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481372/852-10-55-10<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(15))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 350<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482598/350-20-45-1<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 350<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482573/350-20-50-1<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 350<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (h)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482573/350-20-50-1<br><br>Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-03(10)(1))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478546/942-210-S99-1<br></p></div>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_BusinessAcquisitionAxis=IDT_LeafGlobalFintechCorporationMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_BusinessAcquisitionAxis=IDT_LeafGlobalFintechCorporationMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.3</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm45266145970944">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Acquisitions (Details Narrative) - USD ($)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="3">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Mar. 03, 2022</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Mar. 01, 2022</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2022</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BusinessAcquisitionLineItems', window );"><strong>Business Acquisition [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueAcquisitions', window );">Stock issued during period, value, acquisitions</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 100,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 100,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,000,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability1', window );">Write-off of contingent consideration</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 500,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BusinessAcquisitionAxis=IDT_IntegraCCSMember', window );">Integra CCS [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BusinessAcquisitionLineItems', window );"><strong>Business Acquisition [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferred1', window );">Business Combination, Consideration Transferred</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 12,638,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireBusinessesGross', window );">Payments to Acquire Businesses, Gross</a></td>
<td class="nump">7,200,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueAcquisitions', window );">Stock issued during period, value, acquisitions</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferredLiabilitiesIncurred', window );">Business Combination, Consideration Transferred, Liabilities Incurred</a></td>
<td class="nump">3,158,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BusinessAcquisitionAxis=IDT_IntegraCCSMember', window );">Integra CCS [Member] | net2phone 2.0, Inc. [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BusinessAcquisitionLineItems', window );"><strong>Business Acquisition [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferred1', window );">Business Combination, Consideration Transferred</a></td>
<td class="nump">15,000,000.0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireBusinessesGross', window );">Payments to Acquire Businesses, Gross</a></td>
<td class="nump">7,200,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferredLiabilitiesIncurred', window );">Business Combination, Consideration Transferred, Liabilities Incurred</a></td>
<td class="nump">3,300,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsDescription', window );">Contingent consideration, description</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">contingent consideration of up to $3.5 million based on annual cumulative incremental recurring
seat revenue of the net2phone segment over a four-year period, payable in cash and/or equity at net2phone 2.0&#8217;s discretion<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsRangeOfOutcomesValueHigh', window );">Payment on contingent consideration</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 3,500,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BusinessAcquisitionAxis=IDT_IntegraCCSMember', window );">Integra CCS [Member] | net2phone 2.0, Inc. [Member] | Common Class B [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BusinessAcquisitionLineItems', window );"><strong>Business Acquisition [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesAcquisitions', window );">Stock issued during period, shares, acquisitions</a></td>
<td class="nump">27,765<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueAcquisitions', window );">Stock issued during period, value, acquisitions</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,000,000.0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BusinessAcquisitionAxis=IDT_LeafGlobalFintechCorporationMember', window );">Leaf Global Fintech Corporation [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BusinessAcquisitionLineItems', window );"><strong>Business Acquisition [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferred1', window );">Business Combination, Consideration Transferred</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 3,663,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireBusinessesGross', window );">Payments to Acquire Businesses, Gross</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">500,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability1', window );">Write-off of contingent consideration</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,800,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,600,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BusinessAcquisitionAxis=IDT_LeafGlobalFintechCorporationMember', window );">Leaf Global Fintech Corporation [Member] | IDT International Telecom, Inc [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BusinessAcquisitionLineItems', window );"><strong>Business Acquisition [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferred1', window );">Business Combination, Consideration Transferred</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">6,050,000.00<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireBusinessesGross', window );">Payments to Acquire Businesses, Gross</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">500,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferredLiabilitiesIncurred', window );">Business Combination, Consideration Transferred, Liabilities Incurred</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">50,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsDescription', window );">Contingent consideration, description</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">contingent consideration of up to $5.5 million based on annual gross profit over a five-year period<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsRangeOfOutcomesValueHigh', window );">Payment on contingent consideration</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 5,500,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_BusinessAcquisitionLineItems">
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 805<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479907/805-20-50-5<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_BusinessAcquisitionLineItems</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferred1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of consideration transferred, consisting of acquisition-date fair value of assets transferred by the acquirer, liabilities incurred by the acquirer, and equity interest issued by the acquirer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 30<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Topic 805<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479637/805-30-30-8<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Topic 805<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479581/805-30-50-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 30<br> -Paragraph 7<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Topic 805<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479637/805-30-30-7<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferred1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferredLiabilitiesIncurred">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of liabilities incurred by the acquirer as part of consideration transferred in a business combination.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 805<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (b)(3)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479581/805-30-50-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 805<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 25<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479668/805-30-25-5<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 30<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Topic 805<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479637/805-30-30-8<br><br>Reference 4: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 30<br> -Paragraph 7<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Topic 805<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479637/805-30-30-7<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferredLiabilitiesIncurred</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of increase (decrease) in the value of a contingent consideration liability, including, but not limited to, differences arising upon settlement.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-28<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 805<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Subparagraph (a)(1)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479581/805-30-50-4<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsDescription">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>For contingent consideration arrangements recognized in connection with a business combination, this element represents a description of such arrangements.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 805<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (c)(2)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479581/805-30-50-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsDescription</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsRangeOfOutcomesValueHigh">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>For contingent consideration arrangements recognized in connection with a business combination, this element represents an estimate of the high-end of the potential range (undiscounted) of the consideration which may be paid.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 805<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (c)(3)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479581/805-30-50-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsRangeOfOutcomesValueHigh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireBusinessesGross">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The cash outflow associated with the acquisition of business during the period. The cash portion only of the acquisition price.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 805<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (b)(1)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479581/805-30-50-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-13<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireBusinessesGross</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesAcquisitions">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of shares of stock issued during the period pursuant to acquisitions.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(28))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480008/505-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesAcquisitions</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueAcquisitions">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Value of stock issued pursuant to acquisitions during the period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 505<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(30))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(31))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 5: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480008/505-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueAcquisitions</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_BusinessAcquisitionAxis=IDT_IntegraCCSMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_BusinessAcquisitionAxis=IDT_IntegraCCSMember</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_LegalEntityAxis=IDT_NetTwophoneTwoZeroIncMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_LegalEntityAxis=IDT_NetTwophoneTwoZeroIncMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_BusinessAcquisitionAxis=IDT_LeafGlobalFintechCorporationMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_BusinessAcquisitionAxis=IDT_LeafGlobalFintechCorporationMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_LegalEntityAxis=IDT_IDTInternationalTelecomIncMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_LegalEntityAxis=IDT_IDTInternationalTelecomIncMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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</div>
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<DOCUMENT>
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<SEQUENCE>96
<FILENAME>R80.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.3</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm45266145616144">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="2" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2023</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis', window );">Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Amortized Cost</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">$ 23,818<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 43,059<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax', window );">Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">11<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax', window );">Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="num">(391)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(645)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities', window );">Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">23,438<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">42,414<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis=us-gaap_USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember', window );">US Treasury Bill Securities [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis', window );">Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Amortized Cost</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">16,641<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">31,186<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax', window );">Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">10<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax', window );">Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="num">(66)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(148)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities', window );">Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">16,585<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">31,038<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis=us-gaap_USGovernmentSponsoredEnterprisesDebtSecuritiesMember', window );">US Government-sponsored Enterprises Debt Securities [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis', window );">Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Amortized Cost</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">3,356<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax', window );">Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax', window );">Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="num">(3)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities', window );">Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">3,353<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis=us-gaap_CorporateBondSecuritiesMember', window );">Corporate Bond Securities [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis', window );">Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Amortized Cost</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">3,821<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,881<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax', window );">Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">1<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax', window );">Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="num">(322)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(8)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities', window );">Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">$ 3,500<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,873<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis=us-gaap_CertificatesOfDepositMember', window );">Certificates of Deposit [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis', window );">Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Amortized Cost</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">4,080<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax', window );">Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax', window );">Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(4)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities', window );">Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">4,076<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis=us-gaap_MunicipalBondsMember', window );">Municipal Bonds [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis', window );">Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Amortized Cost</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,912<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax', window );">Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax', window );">Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(485)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities', window );">Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 3,427<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="3"></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="3"><table class="outerFootnotes" width="100%"><tr class="outerFootnote">
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 12pt;" valign="top">[1]</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;" valign="top">Each
                                            of the certificates of deposit held by the Company has a CUSIP, was purchased in the secondary
                                            market through a broker and may be sold in the secondary market.</td>
</tr></table></td></tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, before tax, of unrealized gain in accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI) on investment in debt security measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in other comprehensive income (available-for-sale).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 320<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481800/320-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, before tax, of unrealized loss in accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI) on investment in debt security measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in other comprehensive income (available-for-sale).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 320<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481800/320-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amortized cost of investment in debt security measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in other comprehensive income (available-for-sale).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(1))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478777/944-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 320<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481800/320-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 326<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479130/326-30-45-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of investment in debt security measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in other comprehensive income (available-for-sale).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 820<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 103<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482078/820-10-55-103<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 820<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 100<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482078/820-10-55-100<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 820<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (bbb)(2)(i)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 820<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (bbb)(2)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 820<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (bbb)(1)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 820<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 320<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (aa)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481800/320-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 320<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481830/320-10-45-1<br><br>Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-03(6))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478546/942-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 326<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479130/326-30-45-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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</tr>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis=us-gaap_USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
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</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis=us-gaap_USGovernmentSponsoredEnterprisesDebtSecuritiesMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis=us-gaap_CorporateBondSecuritiesMember</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis=us-gaap_CertificatesOfDepositMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis=us-gaap_MunicipalBondsMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.3</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm45266235685632">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Schedule of Contractual Maturities of Available-for-sale Debt Securities (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2023</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InvestmentsDebtAndEquitySecuritiesAbstract', window );"><strong>Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesWithinOneYearFairValue', window );">Within one year</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 16,808<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesAfterOneThroughFiveYearsFairValue', window );">After one year through five years</a></td>
<td class="nump">5,456<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesAfterFiveThroughTenYearsFairValue', window );">After five years through ten years</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,137<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesAfterTenYearsFairValue', window );">After ten years</a></td>
<td class="nump">37<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities', window );">TOTAL</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 23,438<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 42,414<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesAfterFiveThroughTenYearsFairValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Fair value of investment in debt security measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in other comprehensive income (available-for-sale), with single maturity date and allocated without single maturity date, maturing in sixth through tenth fiscal year following current fiscal year. Excludes interim and annual periods when interim periods are reported from current statement of financial position date (rolling approach).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 320<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481800/320-10-50-3<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 320<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3A<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477268/942-320-50-3A<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesAfterFiveThroughTenYearsFairValue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesAfterOneThroughFiveYearsFairValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Fair value of investment in debt security measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in other comprehensive income (available-for-sale), with single maturity date and allocated without single maturity date, maturing in second through fifth fiscal year following current fiscal year. Excludes interim and annual periods when interim periods are reported from current statement of financial position date (rolling approach).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 320<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481800/320-10-50-3<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 320<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3A<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477268/942-320-50-3A<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesAfterOneThroughFiveYearsFairValue</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Fair value of investment in debt security measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in other comprehensive income (available-for-sale), with single maturity date and allocated without single maturity date, maturing after tenth fiscal year following current fiscal year. Excludes interim and annual periods when interim periods are reported from current statement of financial position date (rolling approach).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 320<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481800/320-10-50-3<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 320<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3A<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477268/942-320-50-3A<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesAfterTenYearsFairValue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesWithinOneYearFairValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Fair value of investment in debt security measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in other comprehensive income (available-for-sale), with single maturity date and allocated without single maturity date, maturing in next fiscal year following current fiscal year. Excludes interim and annual periods when interim periods are reported from current statement of financial position date (rolling approach).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 320<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481800/320-10-50-3<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 320<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3A<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477268/942-320-50-3A<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesWithinOneYearFairValue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of investment in debt security measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in other comprehensive income (available-for-sale).</p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.3</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm45266143745648">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities, Unrealized Loss Position (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2023</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss', window );">Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 391<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 645<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition', window );">Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position</a></td>
<td class="nump">18,880<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">41,635<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis=us-gaap_USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember', window );">US Treasury Bill Securities [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss', window );">Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss</a></td>
<td class="nump">66<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">148<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition', window );">Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position</a></td>
<td class="nump">12,936<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">31,038<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis=IDT_GovernmentSponsoredEnterpriseNotesMember', window );">Government Sponsored Enterprise Notes [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss', window );">Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss</a></td>
<td class="nump">3<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition', window );">Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position</a></td>
<td class="nump">2,634<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis=us-gaap_CorporateBondSecuritiesMember', window );">Corporate Bond Securities [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss', window );">Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss</a></td>
<td class="nump">322<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">8<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition', window );">Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 3,310<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,873<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis=us-gaap_CertificatesOfDepositMember', window );">Certificates of Deposit [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss', window );">Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">4<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition', window );">Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,356<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis=us-gaap_MunicipalBondsMember', window );">Municipal Bonds [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss', window );">Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">485<span></span>
</td>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition', window );">Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 3,368<span></span>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of investment in debt security measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in other comprehensive income (available-for-sale), in unrealized loss position without allowance for credit loss.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 326<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479081/326-30-55-8<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/otherTransitionRef<br> -Topic 320<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Subparagraph (a)(1)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481800/320-10-50-6<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 326<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Subparagraph (a)(1)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479106/326-30-50-4<br></p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of accumulated unrealized loss on investment in debt security measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in other comprehensive income (available-for-sale), in unrealized loss position, without allowance for credit loss. Includes beneficial interest in securitized financial asset.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/otherTransitionRef<br> -Topic 320<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Subparagraph (a)(2)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481800/320-10-50-6<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 326<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Subparagraph (a)(2)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479106/326-30-50-4<br></p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis=us-gaap_MunicipalBondsMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
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<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.24.3</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm45266149422352">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Schedule of Continuous Unrealized Loss Position for 12 Months or Longer (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2023</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerAccumulatedLoss', window );">Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, 12 Months or Longer, Accumulated Loss</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 367<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 570<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLonger', window );">Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, 12 Months or Longer</a></td>
<td class="nump">8,036<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">4,115<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis=us-gaap_USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember', window );">US Treasury Bill Securities [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerAccumulatedLoss', window );">Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, 12 Months or Longer, Accumulated Loss</a></td>
<td class="nump">60<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">86<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLonger', window );">Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, 12 Months or Longer</a></td>
<td class="nump">4,827<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">816<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis=us-gaap_CorporateBondSecuritiesMember', window );">Corporate Bond Securities [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerAccumulatedLoss', window );">Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, 12 Months or Longer, Accumulated Loss</a></td>
<td class="nump">307<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">484<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLonger', window );">Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, 12 Months or Longer</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 3,209<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 3,299<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLonger">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of investment in debt security measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in other comprehensive income (available-for-sale), in continuous unrealized loss position for more than 12 months, without allowance for credit loss. Includes beneficial interest in securitized financial asset.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 326<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479081/326-30-55-8<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/otherTransitionRef<br> -Topic 320<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 7<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481800/320-10-50-7<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 326<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479106/326-30-50-5<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLonger</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of accumulated unrealized loss on investment in debt security measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in other comprehensive income (available-for-sale), in continuous unrealized loss position for 12 months or longer, without allowance for credit loss. Includes beneficial interest in securitized financial asset.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/otherTransitionRef<br> -Topic 320<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 7<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481800/320-10-50-7<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 326<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479106/326-30-50-5<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerAccumulatedLoss</td>
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<td>debit</td>
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<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis=us-gaap_USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis=us-gaap_CorporateBondSecuritiesMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.3</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm45266145649920">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Debt Securities (Details Narrative) - USD ($)<br> $ in Millions</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="3">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2022</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InvestmentsDebtAndEquitySecuritiesAbstract', window );"><strong>Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromSaleAndMaturityOfAvailableForSaleSecurities', window );">Proceeds from sale and maturity of debt securities, available-for-sale</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 50.1<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 49.2<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 21.2<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InvestmentsDebtAndEquitySecuritiesAbstract</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromSaleAndMaturityOfAvailableForSaleSecurities">
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash inflow from sale, maturity, prepayment and call of investment in debt security measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in other comprehensive income (available-for-sale).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 320<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 11<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481830/320-10-45-11<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 11<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-11<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 12<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-12<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ProceedsFromSaleAndMaturityOfAvailableForSaleSecurities</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
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<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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</div>
</body>
</html>
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>101
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<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.3</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm45266148654064">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Schedule of Equity Investments (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2023</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesFvNi', window );">Current equity investments</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 5,009<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 6,198<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LongTermInvestments', window );">Noncurrent equity investments</a></td>
<td class="nump">6,518<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">9,874<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InvestmentTypeAxis=IDT_OtherMarketableEquitySecuritiesMember', window );">Other Marketable Equity Securities [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesFvNi', window );">Current equity investments</a></td>
<td class="nump">70<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,497<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InvestmentTypeAxis=us-gaap_MutualFundMember', window );">Mutual Fund [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesFvNi', window );">Current equity investments</a></td>
<td class="nump">4,370<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">4,054<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InvestmentTypeAxis=us-gaap_ConvertiblePreferredStockMember', window );">Convertible Preferred Stock [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LongTermInvestments', window );">Noncurrent equity investments</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,338<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,784<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InvestmentTypeAxis=us-gaap_HedgeFundsMember', window );">Hedge Funds [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LongTermInvestments', window );">Noncurrent equity investments</a></td>
<td class="nump">2,883<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,002<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InvestmentTypeAxis=us-gaap_OtherInvestmentsMember', window );">Other Investments [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LongTermInvestments', window );">Noncurrent equity investments</a></td>
<td class="nump">725<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,825<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember', window );">Common Class B [Member] | Rafael Holdings Inc [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesFvNi', window );">Current equity investments</a></td>
<td class="nump">416<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">558<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember', window );">Common Class B [Member] | Zedge Inc [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesFvNi', window );">Current equity investments</a></td>
<td class="nump">153<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">89<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=IDT_SeriesCConvertiblePreferredStockMember', window );">Series C Convertible Preferred Stock [Member] | Visa Inc [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LongTermInvestments', window );">Noncurrent equity investments</a></td>
<td class="nump">695<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,263<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=IDT_SeriesAConvertiblePreferredStockMember', window );">Series A Convertible Preferred Stock [Member] | Visa Inc [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LongTermInvestments', window );">Noncurrent equity investments</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 877<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesFvNi">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of investment in equity security measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in net income (FV-NI), classified as current.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(2))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483467/210-10-45-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 825<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482736/825-10-45-1A<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesFvNi</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LongTermInvestments">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The total amount of investments that are intended to be held for an extended period of time (longer than one operating cycle).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(12))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LongTermInvestments</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_InvestmentTypeAxis=IDT_OtherMarketableEquitySecuritiesMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InvestmentTypeAxis=IDT_OtherMarketableEquitySecuritiesMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_InvestmentTypeAxis=us-gaap_MutualFundMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InvestmentTypeAxis=us-gaap_MutualFundMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_InvestmentTypeAxis=us-gaap_ConvertiblePreferredStockMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InvestmentTypeAxis=us-gaap_ConvertiblePreferredStockMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_InvestmentTypeAxis=us-gaap_HedgeFundsMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InvestmentTypeAxis=us-gaap_HedgeFundsMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_InvestmentTypeAxis=us-gaap_OtherInvestmentsMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InvestmentTypeAxis=us-gaap_OtherInvestmentsMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=IDT_RafaelHoldingsIncMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=IDT_RafaelHoldingsIncMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_LegalEntityAxis=IDT_ZedgeIncMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_LegalEntityAxis=IDT_ZedgeIncMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=IDT_SeriesCConvertiblePreferredStockMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=IDT_SeriesCConvertiblePreferredStockMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_LegalEntityAxis=IDT_VisaIncMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_LegalEntityAxis=IDT_VisaIncMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=IDT_SeriesAConvertiblePreferredStockMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=IDT_SeriesAConvertiblePreferredStockMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
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<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.3</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm45266145421968">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Schedule of Equity Investments (Details) (Parenthetical) - Common Class B [Member] - shares<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2023</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember', window );">Rafael Holdings Inc [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_NumberOfRelatedPartySharesReceived', window );">Number of related party shares received</a></td>
<td class="nump">278,810<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">278,810<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember', window );">Zedge Inc [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_NumberOfRelatedPartySharesReceived', window );">Number of related party shares received</a></td>
<td class="nump">42,282<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">42,282<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
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<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_NumberOfRelatedPartySharesReceived">
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of related party shares received.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_NumberOfRelatedPartySharesReceived</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=IDT_RafaelHoldingsIncMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=IDT_RafaelHoldingsIncMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_LegalEntityAxis=IDT_ZedgeIncMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_LegalEntityAxis=IDT_ZedgeIncMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>103
<FILENAME>R87.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
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							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
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</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.24.3</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm45266144559792">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Schedule of Carrying Value of Equity Investments (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="3">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2022</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAbstract', window );"><strong>Cash and Cash Equivalents [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueAmount', window );">Balance, beginning of period</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,632<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,501<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 2,743<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueUpwardPriceAdjustmentAnnualAmount', window );">Upward adjustment</a></td>
<td class="nump">130<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_RedemptionForVisaMandatoryReleaseAssessment', window );">Redemption for Visa Series C Preferred mandatory release assessment</a></td>
<td class="num">(877)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1,230)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValuePurchaseAmount', window );">Purchase</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">100<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_AdjustmentForObservableTransactionsInvolvingSimilarInvestmentFromSameIssuer', window );">Adjustment for observable transactions involving a similar investment from the same issuer</a></td>
<td class="nump">309<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">131<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(103)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueRedemptionsAmount', window );">Redemptions</a></td>
<td class="num">(230)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(9)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueImpairmentLossAnnualAmount', window );">Impairments</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueAmount', window );">BALANCE, END OF PERIOD</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 964<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,632<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,501<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_AdjustmentForObservableTransactionsInvolvingSimilarInvestmentFromSameIssuer">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Adjustment for observable transactions involving similar investment from same issuer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_AdjustmentForObservableTransactionsInvolvingSimilarInvestmentFromSameIssuer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValuePurchaseAmount">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Equity securities without readily determinable fair value purchase amount.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValuePurchaseAmount</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueRedemptionsAmount">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Equity securities without readily determinable fair value redemptions amount.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueRedemptionsAmount</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_RedemptionForVisaMandatoryReleaseAssessment">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Redemption for Visa mandatory release assessment</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_RedemptionForVisaMandatoryReleaseAssessment</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueAmount">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of investment in equity security without readily determinable fair value.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 321<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479536/321-10-50-3<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueAmount</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueImpairmentLossAnnualAmount">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of impairment loss on investment in equity security without readily determinable fair value.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 321<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479536/321-10-50-3<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueImpairmentLossAnnualAmount</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueUpwardPriceAdjustmentAnnualAmount">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of gain from upward price adjustment on investment in equity security without readily determinable fair value.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 321<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479536/321-10-50-3<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueUpwardPriceAdjustmentAnnualAmount</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>104
<FILENAME>R88.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
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							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
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</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.24.3</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm45266151838544">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Schedule of Unrealized Gains (losses) Gains for All Equity Investments (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="3">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2022</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesFvNiGainLoss', window );">Net gains (losses) recognized during the period on equity investments</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 229<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (2,613)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (19,248)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_EquitySecuritiesFvNiRecognizedGainLossNetOnEquitySecuritiesRedeemed', window );">Less: net gains recognized during the period on equity investments sold during the period</a></td>
<td class="nump">130<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">18<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">10<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesFvNiUnrealizedGainLoss', window );">Unrealized gains (losses) recognized during the period on equity investments still held at the reporting date</a></td>
<td class="nump">99<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(2,631)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(19,258)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis=IDT_RafaelClassBCommonStockMember', window );">Rafael Class B Common Stock [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesFvNiUnrealizedGainLoss', window );">Unrealized gains (losses) recognized during the period on equity investments still held at the reporting date</a></td>
<td class="num">(142)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(7)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(14,101)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis=IDT_ZedgeClassBCommonStockMember', window );">Zedge Class B Common Stock [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesFvNiUnrealizedGainLoss', window );">Unrealized gains (losses) recognized during the period on equity investments still held at the reporting date</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 64<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (28)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (533)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_EquitySecuritiesFvNiRecognizedGainLossNetOnEquitySecuritiesRedeemed">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Equity securities fvni recognized gain loss net on equity securities redeemed.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_EquitySecuritiesFvNiRecognizedGainLossNetOnEquitySecuritiesRedeemed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesFvNiGainLoss">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of unrealized and realized gain (loss) on investment in equity security measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in net income (FV-NI).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-04(3)(d))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477250/944-220-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 321<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479536/321-10-50-4<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesFvNiGainLoss</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesFvNiUnrealizedGainLoss">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of unrealized gain (loss) on investment in equity security measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in net income (FV-NI).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-04(3)(d)(2))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477250/944-220-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 321<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479536/321-10-50-4<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesFvNiUnrealizedGainLoss</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis=IDT_RafaelClassBCommonStockMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis=IDT_RafaelClassBCommonStockMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis=IDT_ZedgeClassBCommonStockMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis=IDT_ZedgeClassBCommonStockMember</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.3</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm45266146355328">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Summary of Changes in Equity Method Investments (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="3">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2022</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanDisclosureLineItems', window );"><strong>Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireEquityMethodInvestments', window );">Purchase of convertible preferred stock</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 2,017<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 840<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,051<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_ConversionOfEquityMethodInvestmentsSecuredPromissoryNotesIntoConvertiblePreferredStock', window );">Conversion of secured promissory notes into convertible preferred stock</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">4,038<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments', window );">Equity in the net loss of investee</a></td>
<td class="num">(3,463)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(3,095)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(2,951)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=us-gaap_EquityMethodInvesteeMember', window );">Equity Method Investee [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanDisclosureLineItems', window );"><strong>Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestments', window );">Balance, beginning of period</a></td>
<td class="nump">2,784<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,001<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,901<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireEquityMethodInvestments', window );">Purchase of convertible preferred stock</a></td>
<td class="nump">2,017<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">840<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,051<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_ConversionOfEquityMethodInvestmentsSecuredPromissoryNotesIntoConvertiblePreferredStock', window );">Conversion of secured promissory notes into convertible preferred stock</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">4,038<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments', window );">Equity in the net loss of investee</a></td>
<td class="num">(2,093)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(2,153)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(2,224)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_AmortizationOfEquityMethodBasisDifference', window );">Amortization of equity method basis difference</a></td>
<td class="num">(1,370)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(942)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(727)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestments', window );">BALANCE, END OF PERIOD</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,338<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 2,784<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,001<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_AmortizationOfEquityMethodBasisDifference">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amortization of equity method basis difference.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_AmortizationOfEquityMethodBasisDifference</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_ConversionOfEquityMethodInvestmentsSecuredPromissoryNotesIntoConvertiblePreferredStock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Conversion of equity method investment's secured promissory notes into convertible preferred stock.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_ConversionOfEquityMethodInvestmentsSecuredPromissoryNotesIntoConvertiblePreferredStock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanDisclosureLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanDisclosureLineItems</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>This item represents the carrying amount on the entity's balance sheet of its investment in common stock of an equity method investee. This is not an indicator of the fair value of the investment, rather it is the initial cost adjusted for the entity's share of earnings and losses of the investee, adjusted for any distributions (dividends) and other than temporary impairment (OTTI) losses recognized.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 270<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (i)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482964/270-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Subparagraph (ee)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-32<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 323<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481664/323-10-45-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 323<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (a)(3)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481687/323-10-50-3<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(10))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 25<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-25<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestments</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
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</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of income (loss) for proportionate share of equity method investee's income (loss).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 230<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-28<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 270<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (i)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482964/270-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Subparagraph (ee)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-32<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-04(10))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477250/944-220-S99-1<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 323<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481664/323-10-45-1<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 22<br> -Subparagraph (g)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-22<br><br>Reference 7: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(12))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483621/220-10-S99-2<br><br>Reference 8: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-04(13)(f))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478524/942-220-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireEquityMethodInvestments">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The cash outflow associated with the purchase of or advances to an equity method investments, which are investments in joint ventures and entities in which the entity has an equity ownership interest normally of 20 to 50 percent and exercises significant influence.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-13<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireEquityMethodInvestments</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=us-gaap_EquityMethodInvesteeMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=us-gaap_EquityMethodInvesteeMember</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.3</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm45266144314720">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Equity Investments (Details Narrative) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="4">1 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="3">12 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Aug. 22, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 06, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Aug. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Feb. 28, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Aug. 31, 2022</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2022</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jun. 30, 2016</div></th>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InvestmentOwnedBalanceShares', window );">Owned shares</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,830<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromSaleAndMaturityOfMarketableSecurities', window );">Proceeds from maturities and sales of debt securities and redemption of equity investments</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 50,112<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 49,211<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 21,157<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueRedemptionsAmount', window );">Cash</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(230)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(9)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentDifferenceBetweenCarryingAmountAndUnderlyingEquity', window );">Equity method investment, aggregate cost</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 8,200<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentDifferenceBetweenCarryingAmountAndUnderlyingEquityAccountingTreatment', window );">Equity method investment, description</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">These basis differences are being
amortized over the 6-year estimated life of the customer list<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ReceivableWithImputedInterestFaceAmount', window );">Secured promissory notes</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 4,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireEquityMethodInvestments', window );">Purchase of convertible preferred stock</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 2,017<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 840<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,051<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis=IDT_EquityMethodInvestmentMember', window );">Equity Method Investment [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage', window );">Ownership percentage</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">33.40%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">33.30%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis=IDT_EMIPreferredStockMember', window );">EMI Preferred Stock [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ReceivableWithImputedInterestEffectiveYieldInterestRate', window );">Effective yield interest rate</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">15.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ReceivableWithImputedInterestDueDates', window );">Imputed interest due date</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">Apr. 30,  2023<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">Feb. 28,  2023<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_LegalEntityAxis=IDT_RegalBancorpMember', window );">Regal Bancorp [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueRedemptionsAmount', window );">Cash</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 200<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis=us-gaap_PreferredStockMember', window );">Preferred Stock [Member] | Equity Method Investment [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireEquityMethodInvestments', window );">Purchase of convertible preferred stock</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 900<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 400<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=IDT_VisaSeriesAConvertibleParticipatingPreferredStockMember', window );">Visa Series A Convertible Participating Preferred Stock [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InvestmentOwnedBalanceShares', window );">Owned shares</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">33<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">58<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">33<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">58<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=IDT_VisaSeriesAConvertibleParticipatingPreferredStockMember', window );">Visa Series A Convertible Participating Preferred Stock [Member] | Visa Class A Common Stock [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InvestmentOwnedBalanceShares', window );">Owned shares</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,300<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">5,800<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromSaleAndMaturityOfMarketableSecurities', window );">Proceeds from maturities and sales of debt securities and redemption of equity investments</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 900<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,300<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueRedemptionsAmount">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Equity securities without readily determinable fair value redemptions amount.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueRedemptionsAmount</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentDifferenceBetweenCarryingAmountAndUnderlyingEquity">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Difference between amount at which an investment accounted for under the equity method of accounting is carried (reported) on the balance sheet and amount of underlying equity in net assets the reporting Entity has in the investee.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 323<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (a)(3)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481687/323-10-50-3<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentDifferenceBetweenCarryingAmountAndUnderlyingEquity</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentDifferenceBetweenCarryingAmountAndUnderlyingEquityAccountingTreatment">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Description of the accounting treatment for the difference between the amount at which an investment accounted for under the equity method of accounting is reported on the balance sheet and the amount of underlying equity in net assets the reporting entity has in the investee.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 323<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (a)(3)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481687/323-10-50-3<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentDifferenceBetweenCarryingAmountAndUnderlyingEquityAccountingTreatment</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The percentage of ownership of common stock or equity participation in the investee accounted for under the equity method of accounting.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 323<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (a)(1)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481687/323-10-50-3<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_InvestmentOwnedBalanceShares">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of shares of investment owned.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478795/946-210-50-6<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477439/946-210-55-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)(1)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478795/946-210-50-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 320<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.12-12(Column B))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477271/946-320-S99-1<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 320<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.12-12B(Column B))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477271/946-320-S99-3<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 320<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.12-14(Column B))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477271/946-320-S99-6<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InvestmentOwnedBalanceShares</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireEquityMethodInvestments">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The cash outflow associated with the purchase of or advances to an equity method investments, which are investments in joint ventures and entities in which the entity has an equity ownership interest normally of 20 to 50 percent and exercises significant influence.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-13<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireEquityMethodInvestments</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromSaleAndMaturityOfMarketableSecurities">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The cash inflow associated with the aggregate amount received by the entity through sale or maturity of marketable securities (held-to-maturity or available-for-sale) during the period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ProceedsFromSaleAndMaturityOfMarketableSecurities</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ReceivableWithImputedInterestDueDates">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Date the receivable or note with imputed interest is due, in YYYY-MM-DD format.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 835<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482949/835-30-55-8<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 835<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482925/835-30-45-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ReceivableWithImputedInterestDueDates</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:dateItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ReceivableWithImputedInterestEffectiveYieldInterestRate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Yield on the receivable, on which interest has been imputed, as calculated from its issuance value or purchase price. The calculated effective interest rate considers factors such as the issued face value or price paid for the receivable, the time period between payments, and the time until maturity [full receipt] of the receivable.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 835<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482949/835-30-55-8<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 835<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482900/835-30-50-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 835<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482925/835-30-45-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ReceivableWithImputedInterestEffectiveYieldInterestRate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ReceivableWithImputedInterestFaceAmount">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The principal amount of the receivable or note before consideration of the discount or premium.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 835<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482949/835-30-55-8<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 835<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482900/835-30-50-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 835<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482925/835-30-45-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ReceivableWithImputedInterestFaceAmount</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis=IDT_EquityMethodInvestmentMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis=IDT_EquityMethodInvestmentMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis=IDT_EMIPreferredStockMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis=IDT_EMIPreferredStockMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_LegalEntityAxis=IDT_RegalBancorpMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_LegalEntityAxis=IDT_RegalBancorpMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis=us-gaap_PreferredStockMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis=us-gaap_PreferredStockMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=IDT_VisaSeriesAConvertibleParticipatingPreferredStockMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=IDT_VisaSeriesAConvertibleParticipatingPreferredStockMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis=IDT_VisaClassACommonStockMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis=IDT_VisaClassACommonStockMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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</div>
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</html>
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<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
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<head>
<title></title>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.3</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm45266145606592">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Schedule of Balance of Assets Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2023</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisLineItems', window );"><strong>Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities', window );">Debt securities</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 23,438<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 42,414<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis=us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember', window );">Fair Value, Recurring [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisLineItems', window );"><strong>Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities', window );">Debt securities</a></td>
<td class="nump">23,438<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">42,414<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_EquityInvestmentsCurrentAsset', window );">Equity investments included in current assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">5,009<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">6,198<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_EquityInvestmentsNoncurrentAssets', window );">Equity investments included in noncurrent assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">2,072<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,763<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure', window );">Total</a></td>
<td class="nump">30,519<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">52,375<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityCurrent', window );">Acquisition consideration included in other current liabilities</a></td>
<td class="num">(222)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(2,032)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent', window );">Acquisition consideration included in other noncurrent liabilities</a></td>
<td class="num">(684)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(2,773)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_ContingentConsiderationIncludedInOtherLiabilities', window );">Acquisition consideration included in other liabilities</a></td>
<td class="num">(906)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(4,805)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis=us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel1Member', window );">Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member] | Fair Value, Recurring [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisLineItems', window );"><strong>Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities', window );">Debt securities</a></td>
<td class="nump">16,585<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">31,038<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_EquityInvestmentsCurrentAsset', window );">Equity investments included in current assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">5,009<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">6,198<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_EquityInvestmentsNoncurrentAssets', window );">Equity investments included in noncurrent assets</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure', window );">Total</a></td>
<td class="nump">21,594<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">37,236<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityCurrent', window );">Acquisition consideration included in other current liabilities</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent', window );">Acquisition consideration included in other noncurrent liabilities</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_ContingentConsiderationIncludedInOtherLiabilities', window );">Acquisition consideration included in other liabilities</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis=us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel2Member', window );">Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member] | Fair Value, Recurring [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisLineItems', window );"><strong>Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities', window );">Debt securities</a></td>
<td class="nump">6,853<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">11,376<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_EquityInvestmentsCurrentAsset', window );">Equity investments included in current assets</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_EquityInvestmentsNoncurrentAssets', window );">Equity investments included in noncurrent assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,377<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,500<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure', window );">Total</a></td>
<td class="nump">8,230<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">13,876<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityCurrent', window );">Acquisition consideration included in other current liabilities</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent', window );">Acquisition consideration included in other noncurrent liabilities</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_ContingentConsiderationIncludedInOtherLiabilities', window );">Acquisition consideration included in other liabilities</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis=us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel3Member', window );">Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member] | Fair Value, Recurring [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisLineItems', window );"><strong>Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities', window );">Debt securities</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_EquityInvestmentsCurrentAsset', window );">Equity investments included in current assets</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_EquityInvestmentsNoncurrentAssets', window );">Equity investments included in noncurrent assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">695<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,263<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure', window );">Total</a></td>
<td class="nump">695<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,263<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityCurrent', window );">Acquisition consideration included in other current liabilities</a></td>
<td class="num">(222)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(2,032)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent', window );">Acquisition consideration included in other noncurrent liabilities</a></td>
<td class="num">(684)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(2,773)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_ContingentConsiderationIncludedInOtherLiabilities', window );">Acquisition consideration included in other liabilities</a></td>
<td class="num">$ (906)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (4,805)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_ContingentConsiderationIncludedInOtherLiabilities">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Contingent consideration included in other liabilities.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_ContingentConsiderationIncludedInOtherLiabilities</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_EquityInvestmentsCurrentAsset">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Equity investments current asset.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_EquityInvestmentsCurrentAsset</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_EquityInvestmentsNoncurrentAssets">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Equity investments noncurrent assets.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_EquityInvestmentsNoncurrentAssets</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of investment in debt security measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in other comprehensive income (available-for-sale).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 820<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 103<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482078/820-10-55-103<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 820<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 100<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482078/820-10-55-100<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 820<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (bbb)(2)(i)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 820<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (bbb)(2)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 820<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (bbb)(1)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 820<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 320<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (aa)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481800/320-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 320<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481830/320-10-45-1<br><br>Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-03(6))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478546/942-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 326<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479130/326-30-45-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of liability recognized arising from contingent consideration in a business combination, expected to be settled within one year or the normal operating cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 805<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 35<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479613/805-30-35-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 805<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 25<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479668/805-30-25-6<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of liability recognized arising from contingent consideration in a business combination, expected to be settled beyond one year or the normal operating cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 805<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 35<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479613/805-30-35-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 805<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 25<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479668/805-30-25-6<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 820<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 100<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482078/820-10-55-100<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 820<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 820<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 820<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-3<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Fair value portion of investment securities, including, but not limited to, marketable securities, derivative financial instruments, and investments accounted for under the equity method.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 820<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2E<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2E<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 820<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 820<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis=us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis=us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis=us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel1Member">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis=us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel1Member</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis=us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel2Member</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis=us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel3Member</td>
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<head>
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<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.3</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm45266143736096">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Schedule of Assets Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="3">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2022</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueDisclosuresAbstract', window );"><strong>Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetValue', window );">Balance, beginning of period</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,263<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,132<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 2,465<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_RedemptionForVisaMandatoryReleaseAssessment', window );">Redemption for Visa mandatory release assessment</a></td>
<td class="num">(877)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1,230)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetGainLossIncludedInEarnings1', window );">Total gains (losses) included in &#8220;Other expense, net&#8221;</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 309<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 131<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (103)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueRecurringBasisUnobservableInputReconciliationAssetGainLossStatementOfIncomeExtensibleList', window );">Fair Value, Asset, Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Gain (Loss), Statement of Income or Comprehensive Income [Extensible Enumeration]</a></td>
<td class="text">Other expense, net<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">Other expense, net<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">Other expense, net<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetValue', window );">BALANCE, END OF PERIOD</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 695<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,263<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,132<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueAssetsMeasuredOnRecurringBasisChangeInUnrealizedGainLoss', window );">Change in unrealized gains or losses for the period included in earnings for assets held at the end of the period</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Redemption for Visa mandatory release assessment</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_RedemptionForVisaMandatoryReleaseAssessment</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of unrealized gain (loss) recognized in income from asset measured at fair value on recurring basis using unobservable input (level 3) and still held.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 820<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 101<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482078/820-10-55-101<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 820<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-3<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 820<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 102<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482078/820-10-55-102<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 820<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FairValueAssetsMeasuredOnRecurringBasisChangeInUnrealizedGainLoss</td>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FairValueDisclosuresAbstract</td>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of gain (loss) recognized in income from asset measured at fair value on recurring basis using unobservable input (level 3).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 820<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 101<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482078/820-10-55-101<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 820<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-3<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 820<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 102<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482078/820-10-55-102<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 820<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetGainLossIncludedInEarnings1</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Fair value of financial instrument classified as an asset measured using unobservable inputs that reflect the entity's own assumption about the assumptions market participants would use in pricing.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 820<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 101<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482078/820-10-55-101<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 820<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-3<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 820<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetValue</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_FairValueRecurringBasisUnobservableInputReconciliationAssetGainLossStatementOfIncomeExtensibleList">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicates line item in statement of income or comprehensive income that includes gain (loss) from asset measured at fair value using unobservable input (level 3).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 820<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-3<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 820<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FairValueRecurringBasisUnobservableInputReconciliationAssetGainLossStatementOfIncomeExtensibleList</td>
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<td>enum2:enumerationSetItemType</td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.3</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm45266148757760">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Schedule of Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="3">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2022</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueDisclosuresAbstract', window );"><strong>Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationsRecurringBasisLiabilityValue', window );">Balance, beginning of period</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 4,805<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 8,546<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,025<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisLiabilitiesTransfersIntoLevelThreeFromAcquisition', window );">Transfer into Level 3 from acquisitions</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">7,849<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisLiabilitySettlements', window );">Payments</a></td>
<td class="num">(2,104)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(2,494)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisLiabilityGainLossIncludedInEarnings', window );">&#8220;Other operating expense, net&#8221;</a></td>
<td class="num">$ (1,838)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (1,349)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (303)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueRecurringBasisUnobservableInputReconciliationLiabilityGainLossStatementOfIncomeExtensibleList', window );">Fair Value, Liability, Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Gain (Loss), Statement of Income or Comprehensive Income [Extensible Enumeration]</a></td>
<td class="text">Other Operating Income (Expense), Net<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">Other Operating Income (Expense), Net<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">Other Operating Income (Expense), Net<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisLiabilityInterestExpense', window );">Interest expense included in &#8220;Interest income, net&#8221;</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 44<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 97<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisLiabilityGainLossIncludedInOtherComprehensiveIncome', window );">&#8220;Foreign currency translation adjustments&#8221;</a></td>
<td class="num">$ (1)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 5<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (25)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueRecurringBasisUnobservableInputReconciliationLiabilityGainLossStatementOfOtherComprehensiveIncomeExtensibleList', window );">Fair Value, Liability, Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Liability, Gain (Loss), Statement of Other Comprehensive Income or Comprehensive Income [Extensible Enumeration]</a></td>
<td class="text">Foreign currency translation adjustments<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">Foreign currency translation adjustments<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">Foreign currency translation adjustments<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationsRecurringBasisLiabilityValue', window );">BALANCE, END OF PERIOD</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 906<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 4,805<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 8,546<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringBasisChangeInUnrealizedGainLoss', window );">Change in unrealized gains or losses for the period included in earnings for liabilities at the end of the period</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisLiabilitiesTransfersIntoLevelThreeFromAcquisition">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Fair value measurement with unobservable inputs reconciliation recurring basis liabilities transfers in to level three from acquisition.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisLiabilitiesTransfersIntoLevelThreeFromAcquisition</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisLiabilityInterestExpense">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Fair value measurement with unobservable inputs reconciliation recurring basis liability interest expense.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisLiabilityInterestExpense</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_FairValueDisclosuresAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FairValueDisclosuresAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_FairValueLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringBasisChangeInUnrealizedGainLoss">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of unrealized gain (loss) recognized in income from liability measured at fair value on recurring basis using unobservable input (level 3) and still held.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 820<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-3<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 820<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FairValueLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringBasisChangeInUnrealizedGainLoss</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisLiabilityGainLossIncludedInEarnings">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of gain (loss) recognized in income from liability measured at fair value on recurring basis using unobservable input (level 3).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 820<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-3<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 820<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisLiabilityGainLossIncludedInEarnings</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisLiabilityGainLossIncludedInOtherComprehensiveIncome">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of gain (loss) recognized in other comprehensive income (OCI) from liability measured at fair value on recurring basis using unobservable input (level 3).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 820<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-3<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 820<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisLiabilityGainLossIncludedInOtherComprehensiveIncome</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisLiabilitySettlements">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of settlements of financial instrument classified as a liability measured using unobservable inputs that reflect the entity's own assumption about the assumptions market participants would use in pricing.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 820<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-3<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 820<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(2)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisLiabilitySettlements</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationsRecurringBasisLiabilityValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Fair value of financial instrument classified as a liability measured using unobservable inputs that reflect the entity's own assumption about the assumptions market participants would use in pricing.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 820<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-3<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 820<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationsRecurringBasisLiabilityValue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_FairValueRecurringBasisUnobservableInputReconciliationLiabilityGainLossStatementOfIncomeExtensibleList">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicates line item in statement of income or comprehensive income that includes gain (loss) from liability measured at fair value using unobservable input (level 3).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 820<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-3<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 820<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FairValueRecurringBasisUnobservableInputReconciliationLiabilityGainLossStatementOfIncomeExtensibleList</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>enum2:enumerationSetItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_FairValueRecurringBasisUnobservableInputReconciliationLiabilityGainLossStatementOfOtherComprehensiveIncomeExtensibleList">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicates line item in statement in which other comprehensive income (OCI) is reported that includes gain (loss) from liability measured at fair value using unobservable input (level 3).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 820<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-3<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 820<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FairValueRecurringBasisUnobservableInputReconciliationLiabilityGainLossStatementOfOtherComprehensiveIncomeExtensibleList</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>enum2:enumerationSetItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.3</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm45266145429376">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Fair Value Measurements (Details Narrative) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="3">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2022</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueOptionQuantitativeDisclosuresLineItems', window );"><strong>Fair Value, Option, Quantitative Disclosures [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_InvestmentInHedgeFunds', window );">Investment in hedge funds</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 2,900<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 3,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PaymentForContingentConsiderationLiabilityInvestingActivities', window );">Contingent consideration payment</a></td>
<td class="nump">2,100<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,500<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueAcquisitions', window );">Business acquisition holdback payment</a></td>
<td class="nump">100<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">100<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability1', window );">Gain on write-off of contingent consideration payment obligation</a></td>
<td class="num">(500)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis=us-gaap_OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseMember', window );">Other Operating Income (Expense) [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueOptionQuantitativeDisclosuresLineItems', window );"><strong>Fair Value, Option, Quantitative Disclosures [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability1', window );">Gain on write-off of contingent consideration payment obligation</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,800<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,600<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 300<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesFairValueAdjustment', window );">Estimated fair value of contingent consideration</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 200<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis=us-gaap_CommonStockMember', window );">Common Stock [Member] | Common Class B [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueOptionQuantitativeDisclosuresLineItems', window );"><strong>Fair Value, Option, Quantitative Disclosures [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesAcquisitions', window );">Number of shares issued in acquisition</a></td>
<td class="nump">2,679<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,051<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">28,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueAcquisitions', window );">Business acquisition holdback payment</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_InvestmentInHedgeFunds">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Investment in hedge funds.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_InvestmentInHedgeFunds</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of increase (decrease) in the value of a contingent consideration liability, including, but not limited to, differences arising upon settlement.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-28<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 805<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Subparagraph (a)(1)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479581/805-30-50-4<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_FairValueOptionQuantitativeDisclosuresLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 825<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 30<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482907/825-10-50-30<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 825<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 31<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482907/825-10-50-31<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 825<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482907/825-10-50-32<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FairValueOptionQuantitativeDisclosuresLineItems</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesFairValueAdjustment">
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of addition (reduction) to the amount at which a liability could be incurred (settled) in a current transaction between willing parties.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LiabilitiesFairValueAdjustment</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash outflow, made soon after acquisition date of business combination, to settle contingent consideration liability.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 230<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-13<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PaymentForContingentConsiderationLiabilityInvestingActivities</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of shares of stock issued during the period pursuant to acquisitions.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(28))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480008/505-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesAcquisitions</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Value of stock issued pursuant to acquisitions during the period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 505<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(30))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(31))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 5: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480008/505-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueAcquisitions</td>
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<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis=us-gaap_OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseMember</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.3</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm45266146097600">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Schedule of Property, Plant and Equipment (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2023</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentAbstract', window );"><strong>Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_MachineryAndEquipmentGross', window );">Equipment</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 45,881<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 43,704<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CapitalizedComputerSoftwareGross', window );">Computer software</a></td>
<td class="nump">181,081<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">169,070<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LeaseholdImprovementsGross', window );">Leasehold improvements</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,635<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,760<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FurnitureAndFixturesGross', window );">Furniture and fixtures</a></td>
<td class="nump">730<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">699<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross', window );">Property, plant and equipment, gross</a></td>
<td class="nump">229,327<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">215,233<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment', window );">Less accumulated depreciation and amortization</a></td>
<td class="num">(190,675)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(176,578)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet', window );">Property, plant, and equipment, net</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 38,652<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 38,655<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of accumulated depreciation, depletion and amortization for physical assets used in the normal conduct of business to produce goods and services.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(8)(b))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478777/944-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(14))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 360<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482099/360-10-50-1<br></p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount before accumulated amortization of capitalized costs for computer software, including but not limited to, acquired and internally developed computer software.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 350<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)(1)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482665/350-30-50-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 985<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481283/985-20-50-2<br></p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount before accumulated depreciation of equipment commonly used in offices and stores that have no permanent connection to the structure of a building or utilities. Examples include, but are not limited to, desks, chairs, tables, and bookcases.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 360<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482099/360-10-50-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount before accumulated depreciation of additions or improvements to assets held under a lease arrangement.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 360<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482099/360-10-50-1<br></p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount before accumulated depreciation of tangible personal property used to produce goods and services, including, but is not limited to, tools, dies and molds, computer and office equipment.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 360<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482099/360-10-50-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount before accumulated depreciation, depletion and amortization of physical assets used in the normal conduct of business and not intended for resale. Examples include, but are not limited to, land, buildings, machinery and equipment, office equipment, and furniture and fixtures.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(8))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478777/944-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(13))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 360<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482099/360-10-50-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount after accumulated depreciation, depletion and amortization of physical assets used in the normal conduct of business to produce goods and services and not intended for resale. Examples include, but are not limited to, land, buildings, machinery and equipment, office equipment, and furniture and fixtures.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 360<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482099/360-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 7A<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478964/842-20-50-7A<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481372/852-10-55-10<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(8))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478777/944-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 360<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478451/942-360-50-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.3</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm45266151769408">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Property, Plant, and Equipment (Details Narrative) - USD ($)<br> $ in Millions</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="3">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2022</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentAbstract', window );"><strong>Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentDisposals', window );">Disposal of property, plant and equipment</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 4.6<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 4.2<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Depreciation', window );">Depreciation expense</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 19.1<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 18.6<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 16.8<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherExpenses', window );">Expenses for telephone equipment</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.1<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_Depreciation">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The amount of expense recognized in the current period that reflects the allocation of the cost of tangible assets over the assets' useful lives. Includes production and non-production related depreciation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 230<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-28<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 360<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482099/360-10-50-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_Depreciation</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherExpenses">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of expense classified as other.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(6))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483621/220-10-S99-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(4))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483621/220-10-S99-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherExpenses</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentDisposals">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of divestiture of long-lived, physical assets used in the normal conduct of business and not intended for resale. Examples include, but are not limited to, land, buildings, machinery and equipment, office equipment, furniture and fixtures, and computer equipment.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentDisposals</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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</div>
</body>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.3</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm45266148981600">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Schedule of Change in Carrying Amount of Goodwill by Operating Segment (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="3">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2022</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassLineItems', window );"><strong>Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Goodwill', window );">Balance at beginning</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 26,457<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 26,380<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 14,897<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_GoodwillAcquiredDuringPeriod', window );">Acquisitions</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">11,632<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_GoodwillPurchaseAccountingAdjustments', window );">Adjustment</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">392<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_GoodwillForeignCurrencyTranslationGainLoss', window );">Foreign currency translation adjustments</a></td>
<td class="num">(169)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">77<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(541)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Goodwill', window );">Balance at end</a></td>
<td class="nump">26,288<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">26,457<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">26,380<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=IDT_FintechMember', window );">Fintech [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassLineItems', window );"><strong>Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Goodwill', window );">Balance at beginning</a></td>
<td class="nump">3,199<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,199<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_GoodwillAcquiredDuringPeriod', window );">Acquisitions</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,199<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_GoodwillPurchaseAccountingAdjustments', window );">Adjustment</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_GoodwillForeignCurrencyTranslationGainLoss', window );">Foreign currency translation adjustments</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Goodwill', window );">Balance at end</a></td>
<td class="nump">3,199<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,199<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,199<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=IDT_Net2phoneMember', window );">Net2 phone [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassLineItems', window );"><strong>Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Goodwill', window );">Balance at beginning</a></td>
<td class="nump">9,844<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">9,743<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,523<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_GoodwillAcquiredDuringPeriod', window );">Acquisitions</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">8,433<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_GoodwillPurchaseAccountingAdjustments', window );">Adjustment</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_GoodwillForeignCurrencyTranslationGainLoss', window );">Foreign currency translation adjustments</a></td>
<td class="num">(22)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">101<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(213)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Goodwill', window );">Balance at end</a></td>
<td class="nump">9,822<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">9,844<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">9,743<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsMember', window );">Traditional Communications [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassLineItems', window );"><strong>Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Goodwill', window );">Balance at beginning</a></td>
<td class="nump">13,414<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">13,438<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">13,374<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_GoodwillAcquiredDuringPeriod', window );">Acquisitions</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_GoodwillPurchaseAccountingAdjustments', window );">Adjustment</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">392<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_GoodwillForeignCurrencyTranslationGainLoss', window );">Foreign currency translation adjustments</a></td>
<td class="num">(147)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(24)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(328)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Goodwill', window );">Balance at end</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 13,267<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 13,414<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 13,438<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_Goodwill">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, after accumulated impairment loss, of asset representing future economic benefit arising from other asset acquired in business combination or from joint venture formation or both, that is not individually identified and separately recognized.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 49<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482785/280-10-55-49<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 350<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 24<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482548/350-20-55-24<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 820<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 100<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482078/820-10-55-100<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481372/852-10-55-10<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(15))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 350<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482598/350-20-45-1<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 350<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482573/350-20-50-1<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 350<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (h)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482573/350-20-50-1<br><br>Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-03(10)(1))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478546/942-210-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_Goodwill</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_GoodwillAcquiredDuringPeriod">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of increase in asset representing future economic benefits arising from other assets acquired in a business combination that are not individually identified and separately recognized resulting from a business combination.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 350<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 24<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482548/350-20-55-24<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 350<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482573/350-20-50-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_GoodwillAcquiredDuringPeriod</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_GoodwillForeignCurrencyTranslationGainLoss">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of foreign currency translation gain (loss) which increases (decreases) asset representing future economic benefit from other asset acquired in business combination or from joint venture formation or both, that is not individually identified and separately recognized.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 350<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482573/350-20-50-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_GoodwillForeignCurrencyTranslationGainLoss</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_GoodwillPurchaseAccountingAdjustments">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of increase (decrease) from measurement period adjustment of asset representing future economic benefit arising from other asset acquired in business combination or from joint venture formation or both, that is not individually identified and separately recognized.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 350<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (g)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482573/350-20-50-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 25<br> -Paragraph 16<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 805<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479405/805-10-25-16<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_GoodwillPurchaseAccountingAdjustments</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 350<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 40<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482640/350-30-55-40<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 350<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482686/350-30-45-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 350<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482665/350-30-50-3<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 350<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482665/350-30-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=IDT_FintechMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=IDT_FintechMember</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=IDT_Net2phoneMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=IDT_Net2phoneMember</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsMember</td>
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<td></td>
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<td>na</td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.3</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm45266144810512">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Schedule of Company's Amortized Intangible Assets (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2023</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassLineItems', window );"><strong>Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AcquiredFiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsWeightedAverageUsefulLife', window );">Acquired Finite-lived Intangible Assets, Weighted Average Useful Life</a></td>
<td class="text">8 years 1 month 6 days<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">7 years 10 months 24 days<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsGross', window );">Gross Carrying Amount</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 13,437<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 15,507<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAccumulatedAmortization', window );">Accumulated Amortization</a></td>
<td class="num">(7,152)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(7,311)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNet', window );">Net Balance</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 6,285<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 8,196<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis=us-gaap_TradeNamesMember', window );">Trade Names [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassLineItems', window );"><strong>Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AcquiredFiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsWeightedAverageUsefulLife', window );">Acquired Finite-lived Intangible Assets, Weighted Average Useful Life</a></td>
<td class="text">14 years 6 months<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">10 years 6 months<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsGross', window );">Gross Carrying Amount</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,400<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 2,694<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAccumulatedAmortization', window );">Accumulated Amortization</a></td>
<td class="num">(445)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1,005)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNet', window );">Net Balance</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 955<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,689<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis=us-gaap_NoncompeteAgreementsMember', window );">Noncompete Agreements [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassLineItems', window );"><strong>Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AcquiredFiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsWeightedAverageUsefulLife', window );">Acquired Finite-lived Intangible Assets, Weighted Average Useful Life</a></td>
<td class="text">6 years<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">5 years 6 months<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsGross', window );">Gross Carrying Amount</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 660<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,302<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAccumulatedAmortization', window );">Accumulated Amortization</a></td>
<td class="num">(266)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(778)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNet', window );">Net Balance</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 394<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 524<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis=us-gaap_CustomerRelationshipsMember', window );">Customer Relationships [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassLineItems', window );"><strong>Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AcquiredFiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsWeightedAverageUsefulLife', window );">Acquired Finite-lived Intangible Assets, Weighted Average Useful Life</a></td>
<td class="text">7 years 6 months<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">7 years 6 months<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsGross', window );">Gross Carrying Amount</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 11,377<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 11,511<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAccumulatedAmortization', window );">Accumulated Amortization</a></td>
<td class="num">(6,441)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(5,528)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNet', window );">Net Balance</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 4,936<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 5,983<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AcquiredFiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsWeightedAverageUsefulLife">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Weighted average amortization period of finite-lived intangible assets acquired either individually or as part of a group of assets, in 'PnYnMnDTnHnMnS' format, for example, 'P1Y5M13D' represents the reported fact of one year, five months, and thirteen days.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 350<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)(3)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482665/350-30-50-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 985<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481283/985-20-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AcquiredFiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsWeightedAverageUsefulLife</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:durationItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAccumulatedAmortization">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Accumulated amount of amortization of assets, excluding financial assets and goodwill, lacking physical substance with a finite life.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 350<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 40<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482640/350-30-55-40<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 350<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480265/350-10-S45-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 350<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)(1)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482665/350-30-50-2<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(16))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAccumulatedAmortization</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsGross">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount before amortization of assets, excluding financial assets and goodwill, lacking physical substance with a finite life.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 350<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 40<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482640/350-30-55-40<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 350<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480265/350-10-S45-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 350<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)(1)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482665/350-30-50-2<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 928<br> -SubTopic 340<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478859/928-340-50-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsGross</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNet">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount after amortization of assets, excluding financial assets and goodwill, lacking physical substance with a finite life.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 350<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)(1)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482665/350-30-50-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 926<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483154/926-20-50-5<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNet</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 350<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 40<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482640/350-30-55-40<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 350<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482686/350-30-45-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 350<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482665/350-30-50-3<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 350<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482665/350-30-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis=us-gaap_TradeNamesMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis=us-gaap_TradeNamesMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis=us-gaap_NoncompeteAgreementsMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis=us-gaap_NoncompeteAgreementsMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis=us-gaap_CustomerRelationshipsMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis=us-gaap_CustomerRelationshipsMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.3</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm45266246729984">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Other Intangible Assets (Details Narrative) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="3">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2022</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassLineItems', window );"><strong>Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_LossOnDisposalOfIntangibleAsset', window );">Loss on disposal of intangible assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 74<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AmortizationOfIntangibleAssets', window );">Amortization of intangible assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,300<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,500<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,300<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseNextTwelveMonths', window );">Amortization expense of intangible assets in fiscal 2025</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,200<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseYearTwo', window );">Amortization expense of intangible assets in fiscal 2026</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,200<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseYearThree', window );">Amortization expense of intangible assets in fiscal 2027</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,100<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseYearFour', window );">Amortization expense of intangible assets in fiscal 2028</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseYearFive', window );">Amortization expense of intangible assets in fiscal 2029</a></td>
<td class="nump">600<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis=us-gaap_TradeNamesMember', window );">Trade Names [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassLineItems', window );"><strong>Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_LossOnDisposalOfIntangibleAsset', window );">Loss on disposal of intangible assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 100<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_LossOnDisposalOfIntangibleAsset">
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Loss on disposal of intangible asset.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_LossOnDisposalOfIntangibleAsset</td>
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<tr>
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<tr>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AmortizationOfIntangibleAssets">
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The aggregate expense charged against earnings to allocate the cost of intangible assets (nonphysical assets not used in production) in a systematic and rational manner to the periods expected to benefit from such assets. As a noncash expense, this element is added back to net income when calculating cash provided by or used in operations using the indirect method.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 230<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-28<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 350<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 40<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482640/350-30-55-40<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 350<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)(2)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482665/350-30-50-2<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 350<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482686/350-30-45-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AmortizationOfIntangibleAssets</td>
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<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of amortization for assets, excluding financial assets and goodwill, lacking physical substance with finite life expected to be recognized in next fiscal year following current fiscal year. Excludes interim and annual periods when interim periods are reported from current statement of financial position date (rolling approach).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 350<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 40<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482640/350-30-55-40<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 350<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)(3)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482665/350-30-50-2<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 985<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481283/985-20-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseNextTwelveMonths</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
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<tr>
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<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of amortization for assets, excluding financial assets and goodwill, lacking physical substance with finite life expected to be recognized in fifth fiscal year following current fiscal year. Excludes interim and annual periods when interim periods are reported from current statement of financial position date (rolling approach).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 350<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 40<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482640/350-30-55-40<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 350<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)(3)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482665/350-30-50-2<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 985<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481283/985-20-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseYearFive</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseYearFour">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of amortization for assets, excluding financial assets and goodwill, lacking physical substance with finite life expected to be recognized in fourth fiscal year following current fiscal year. Excludes interim and annual periods when interim periods are reported from current statement of financial position date (rolling approach).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 350<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 40<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482640/350-30-55-40<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 350<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)(3)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482665/350-30-50-2<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 985<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481283/985-20-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseYearFour</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
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</table></div>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of amortization for assets, excluding financial assets and goodwill, lacking physical substance with finite life expected to be recognized in third fiscal year following current fiscal year. Excludes interim and annual periods when interim periods are reported from current statement of financial position date (rolling approach).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 350<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 40<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482640/350-30-55-40<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 350<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)(3)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482665/350-30-50-2<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 985<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481283/985-20-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseYearThree</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of amortization for assets, excluding financial assets and goodwill, lacking physical substance with finite life expected to be recognized in second fiscal year following current fiscal year. Excludes interim and annual periods when interim periods are reported from current statement of financial position date (rolling approach).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 350<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 40<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482640/350-30-55-40<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 350<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)(3)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482665/350-30-50-2<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 985<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481283/985-20-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseYearTwo</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 350<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 40<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482640/350-30-55-40<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 350<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482686/350-30-45-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 350<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482665/350-30-50-3<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 350<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482665/350-30-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassLineItems</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis=us-gaap_TradeNamesMember</td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.3</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm45266148696864">
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<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Schedule of Net Income and Aggregate Funding Repaid to the Company by VIE (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="3">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2022</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OrganizationConsolidationAndPresentationOfFinancialStatementsAbstract', window );"><strong>Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_VariableInterestEntityNetIncomeLosstAmount', window );">Net income of the VIE</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 513<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 322<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 248<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_VariableInterestEntityAggregateFundingRepaidToProvidedByReportingEntity', window );">Aggregate funding provided by (repaid to) the Company, net</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 215<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 112<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (94)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_VariableInterestEntityAggregateFundingRepaidToProvidedByReportingEntity">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Variable interest entity aggregate funding repaid to provided by reporting entity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_VariableInterestEntityAggregateFundingRepaidToProvidedByReportingEntity</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_VariableInterestEntityNetIncomeLosstAmount">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Variable interest entity net income losst amount</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_VariableInterestEntityNetIncomeLosstAmount</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OrganizationConsolidationAndPresentationOfFinancialStatementsAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OrganizationConsolidationAndPresentationOfFinancialStatementsAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>117
<FILENAME>R101.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.3</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm45266149218016">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>VIE&#8217;s Summarized Consolidated Balance Sheet (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2022</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2021</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConsolidationLessThanWhollyOwnedSubsidiaryParentOwnershipInterestEffectsOfChangesNetLineItems', window );"><strong>Consolidation, Less than Wholly Owned Subsidiary, Parent Ownership Interest, Effects of Changes, Net [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue', window );">Cash and cash equivalents</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 164,557<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 103,637<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ReceivablesNetCurrent', window );">Trade accounts receivable, net</a></td>
<td class="nump">42,215<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">32,092<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_DisbursementPrefunding', window );">Disbursement prefunding</a></td>
<td class="nump">30,736<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">30,113<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseCurrent', window );">Prepaid expenses</a></td>
<td class="nump">17,558<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">16,638<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherAssetsCurrent', window );">Other current assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">25,927<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">28,394<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet', window );">Property, plant, and equipment, net</a></td>
<td class="nump">38,652<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">38,655<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherIntangibleAssetsNet', window );">Other intangibles, net</a></td>
<td class="nump">6,285<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">8,196<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Assets', window );">TOTAL ASSETS</a></td>
<td class="nump">550,095<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">510,810<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent', window );">Trade accounts payable</a></td>
<td class="nump">24,773<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">22,231<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent', window );">Accrued expenses</a></td>
<td class="nump">103,176<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">110,796<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SettlementLiabilitiesCurrent', window );">Settlement liabilities</a></td>
<td class="nump">21,654<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">21,495<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent', window );">Due to the Company</a></td>
<td class="nump">2,662<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,354<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax', window );">Accumulated other comprehensive income</a></td>
<td class="num">(18,142)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(17,192)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (11,305)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (10,183)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_MinorityInterest', window );">Noncontrolling interests</a></td>
<td class="nump">9,472<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">6,267<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity', window );">TOTAL LIABILITIES AND NONCONTROLLING INTERESTS</a></td>
<td class="nump">550,095<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">510,810<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis=us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember', window );">Variable Interest Entity, Primary Beneficiary [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConsolidationLessThanWhollyOwnedSubsidiaryParentOwnershipInterestEffectsOfChangesNetLineItems', window );"><strong>Consolidation, Less than Wholly Owned Subsidiary, Parent Ownership Interest, Effects of Changes, Net [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue', window );">Cash and cash equivalents</a></td>
<td class="nump">2,626<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,596<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RestrictedCashCurrent', window );">Restricted cash</a></td>
<td class="nump">7,426<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">7,848<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ReceivablesNetCurrent', window );">Trade accounts receivable, net</a></td>
<td class="nump">74<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">62<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_DisbursementPrefunding', window );">Disbursement prefunding</a></td>
<td class="nump">2,587<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">585<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseCurrent', window );">Prepaid expenses</a></td>
<td class="nump">258<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">197<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherAssetsCurrent', window );">Other current assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">294<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">317<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet', window );">Property, plant, and equipment, net</a></td>
<td class="nump">179<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">272<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherIntangibleAssetsNet', window );">Other intangibles, net</a></td>
<td class="nump">584<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">737<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Assets', window );">TOTAL ASSETS</a></td>
<td class="nump">14,028<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">11,614<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent', window );">Trade accounts payable</a></td>
<td class="nump">4<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent', window );">Accrued expenses</a></td>
<td class="nump">124<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">70<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SettlementLiabilitiesCurrent', window );">Settlement liabilities</a></td>
<td class="nump">9,195<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">7,573<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax', window );">Accumulated other comprehensive income</a></td>
<td class="nump">27<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">21<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_MinorityInterest', window );">Noncontrolling interests</a></td>
<td class="nump">4,437<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,924<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity', window );">TOTAL LIABILITIES AND NONCONTROLLING INTERESTS</a></td>
<td class="nump">14,028<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">11,614<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis=us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember', window );">Variable Interest Entity, Primary Beneficiary [Member] | Related Party [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConsolidationLessThanWhollyOwnedSubsidiaryParentOwnershipInterestEffectsOfChangesNetLineItems', window );"><strong>Consolidation, Less than Wholly Owned Subsidiary, Parent Ownership Interest, Effects of Changes, Net [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent', window );">Due to the Company</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 241<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 26<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disbursement prefunding.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_DisbursementPrefunding</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Carrying value as of the balance sheet date of liabilities incurred (and for which invoices have typically been received) and payable to vendors for goods and services received that are used in an entity's business. Used to reflect the current portion of the liabilities (due within one year or within the normal operating cycle if longer).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(19)(a))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481372/852-10-55-10<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<tr>
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<tr>
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<tr>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Carrying value as of the balance sheet date of obligations incurred and payable, pertaining to costs that are statutory in nature, are incurred on contractual obligations, or accumulate over time and for which invoices have not yet been received or will not be rendered. Examples include taxes, interest, rent and utilities. Used to reflect the current portion of the liabilities (due within one year or within the normal operating cycle if longer).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(20))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
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</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, after tax, of accumulated increase (decrease) in equity from transaction and other event and circumstance from nonowner source.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 14A<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482790/220-10-45-14A<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 11<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482790/220-10-45-11<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 65<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (g)(2)(ii)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480016/944-40-65-2<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 65<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (h)(2)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480016/944-40-65-2<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(30)(a)(4))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(23)(a)(3))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478777/944-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 7: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 14<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482790/220-10-45-14<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_Assets">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of asset recognized for present right to economic benefit.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_Assets</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of currency on hand as well as demand deposits with banks or financial institutions. Includes other kinds of accounts that have the general characteristics of demand deposits. Also includes short-term, highly liquid investments that are both readily convertible to known amounts of cash and so near their maturity that they present insignificant risk of changes in value because of changes in interest rates. Excludes cash and cash equivalents within disposal group and discontinued operation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(1))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483467/210-10-45-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-4<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ConsolidationLessThanWhollyOwnedSubsidiaryParentOwnershipInterestEffectsOfChangesNetLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ConsolidationLessThanWhollyOwnedSubsidiaryParentOwnershipInterestEffectsOfChangesNetLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of liabilities and equity items, including the portion of equity attributable to noncontrolling interests, if any.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481372/852-10-55-10<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(25))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478777/944-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(g)(1)(ii))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 323<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481687/323-10-50-3<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 825<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482907/825-10-50-28<br><br>Reference 6: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-03(23))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478546/942-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 7: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(32))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_MinorityInterest">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of equity (deficit) attributable to noncontrolling interest. Excludes temporary equity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(31))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(g)(1)(ii))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 323<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481687/323-10-50-3<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 825<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482907/825-10-50-28<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(24))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478777/944-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-04(19))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479170/946-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(i))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480097/470-10-S99-1A<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(iv))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480097/470-10-S99-1A<br><br>Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(5))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480097/470-10-S99-1A<br><br>Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(i))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480097/470-10-S99-1B<br><br>Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(iv))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480097/470-10-S99-1B<br><br>Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(5))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480097/470-10-S99-1B<br><br>Reference 13: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-03(22))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478546/942-210-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_MinorityInterest</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherAssetsCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of current assets classified as other.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481372/852-10-55-10<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(8))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherAssetsCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherIntangibleAssetsNet">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount after accumulated amortization of finite-lived and indefinite-lived intangible assets classified as other.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherIntangibleAssetsNet</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of liabilities classified as other, due after one year or the normal operating cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(24))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of asset related to consideration paid in advance for costs that provide economic benefits within a future period of one year or the normal operating cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (g)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483467/210-10-45-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(7))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 340<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 05<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482955/340-10-05-5<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 340<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483032/340-10-45-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount after accumulated depreciation, depletion and amortization of physical assets used in the normal conduct of business to produce goods and services and not intended for resale. Examples include, but are not limited to, land, buildings, machinery and equipment, office equipment, and furniture and fixtures.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 360<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482099/360-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 7A<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478964/842-20-50-7A<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481372/852-10-55-10<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(8))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478777/944-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 360<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478451/942-360-50-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ReceivablesNetCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The total amount due to the entity within one year of the balance sheet date (or one operating cycle, if longer) from outside sources, including trade accounts receivable, notes and loans receivable, as well as any other types of receivables, net of allowances established for the purpose of reducing such receivables to an amount that approximates their net realizable value.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481372/852-10-55-10<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ReceivablesNetCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RestrictedCashCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash restricted as to withdrawal or usage, classified as current. Cash includes, but is not limited to, currency on hand, demand deposits with banks or financial institutions, and other accounts with general characteristics of demand deposits.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(1))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482913/230-10-50-8<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RestrictedCashCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SettlementLiabilitiesCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amounts payable for money transfers, money orders, and consumer payment service arrangements. Settlement liabilities include amounts payable to intermediaries for global payment transfers.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SettlementLiabilitiesCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis=us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis=us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=us-gaap_RelatedPartyMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=us-gaap_RelatedPartyMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.3</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm45266147572672">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Schedule of Other Operating (Expense) Gain, Net (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="3">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2022</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RestructuringCostAndReserveLineItems', window );"><strong>Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LegalFees', window );">Corporate &#8212;Straight Path Communications Inc. class action legal fees</a></td>
<td class="num">$ (7,237)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (5,785)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (7,671)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_UnusualOrInfrequentItemInsuranceProceeds', window );">Corporate &#8212;Straight Path Communications Inc. class action insurance claims</a></td>
<td class="nump">2,869<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,845<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">6,635<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxCreditsAndAdjustments', window );">Corporate&#8212;Grow New Jersey Assistance Act tax credit</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,600<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_CorporateOther', window );">Corporate&#8212;other</a></td>
<td class="nump">12<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_LossOnDisposalOfIntangibleAsset', window );">Fintech&#8212;write-off of intangible asset</a></td>
<td class="num">(74)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability1', window );">write-off of contingent consideration liability</a></td>
<td class="num">(500)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_FintechgovernmentGrants', window );">Fintech&#8212;government grants</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">382<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">20<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_NationalRetailSolutionsWriteOffOfCapitalizedInternalUseSoftwareCosts', window );">National Retail Solutions&#8212;write-off of capitalized internal use software costs</a></td>
<td class="num">(45)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_NationalRetailSolutionsOther', window );">National Retail Solutions&#8212;other</a></td>
<td class="num">(105)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_TraditionalCommunicationswriteoffOfCapitalizedInternalUseSoftwareCosts', window );">Traditional Communications&#8212;write-off of capitalized internal use software costs</a></td>
<td class="num">(237)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1,419)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsCableTelephonyCustomerIndemnificationClaim', window );">Traditional Communications&#8212;cable telephony customer indemnification claim</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(3,925)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(96)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsContingentConsiderationLiability', window );">Traditional Communications&#8212;increase in contingent consideration liability</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(216)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsOther', window );">Traditional Communications&#8212;other</a></td>
<td class="nump">51<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(329)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(7)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseNet', window );">TOTAL</a></td>
<td class="num">(2,945)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(4,415)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(826)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BusinessAcquisitionAxis=IDT_FintechMember', window );">Fintech [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RestructuringCostAndReserveLineItems', window );"><strong>Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability1', window );">write-off of contingent consideration liability</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,765<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,565<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BusinessAcquisitionAxis=IDT_Net2phoneMember', window );">Net2 phone [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RestructuringCostAndReserveLineItems', window );"><strong>Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability1', window );">write-off of contingent consideration liability</a></td>
<td class="nump">73<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">303<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_WriteoffOfTelephoneEquipment', window );">net2phone&#8212;write-off of telephone equipment</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(133)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_Net2phoneother', window );">net2phone&#8212;other</a></td>
<td class="num">$ (17)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (10)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_CorporateOther">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Corporate other.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_CorporateOther</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_FintechgovernmentGrants">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Fintech&#8212;government grants.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_FintechgovernmentGrants</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_LossOnDisposalOfIntangibleAsset">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Loss on disposal of intangible asset.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_LossOnDisposalOfIntangibleAsset</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_NationalRetailSolutionsOther">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>National Retail Solutions Other.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_NationalRetailSolutionsOther</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_NationalRetailSolutionsWriteOffOfCapitalizedInternalUseSoftwareCosts">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>National Retail Solutions Write Off Of Capitalized Internal Use Software Costs.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_NationalRetailSolutionsWriteOffOfCapitalizedInternalUseSoftwareCosts</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_Net2phoneother">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Net2phone other, net.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_Net2phoneother</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsCableTelephonyCustomerIndemnificationClaim">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Traditional Communications&#8212;cable telephony customer indemnification claim.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsCableTelephonyCustomerIndemnificationClaim</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsContingentConsiderationLiability">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Traditional Communications&#8212; contingent consideration liability.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsContingentConsiderationLiability</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsOther">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Traditional communications other.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsOther</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_TraditionalCommunicationswriteoffOfCapitalizedInternalUseSoftwareCosts">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Traditional communications write-off of capitalized internal use software costs.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_TraditionalCommunicationswriteoffOfCapitalizedInternalUseSoftwareCosts</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_WriteoffOfTelephoneEquipment">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Write-off of telephone equipment.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_WriteoffOfTelephoneEquipment</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of increase (decrease) in the value of a contingent consideration liability, including, but not limited to, differences arising upon settlement.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-28<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 805<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Subparagraph (a)(1)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479581/805-30-50-4<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxCreditsAndAdjustments">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>A credit or adjustment for government or taxing authority authorized decrease in taxes owed as a result of meeting certain tax policy conditions.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-28<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeTaxCreditsAndAdjustments</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LegalFees">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The amount of expense provided in the period for legal costs incurred on or before the balance sheet date pertaining to resolved, pending or threatened litigation, including arbitration and mediation proceedings.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(6))<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 220<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483621/220-10-S99-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LegalFees</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseNet">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The net amount of other operating income and expenses, the components of which are not separately disclosed on the income statement, from items that are associated with the entity's normal revenue producing operations.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseNet</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RestructuringCostAndReserveLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 420<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 5.P.4.d)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479823/420-10-S99-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 420<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 5.P.4.b.1)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479823/420-10-S99-2<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 420<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 5.P.4.b.2)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479823/420-10-S99-2<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 420<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482017/420-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 420<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (b)(2)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482017/420-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 420<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (b)(1)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482017/420-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 420<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482017/420-10-50-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RestructuringCostAndReserveLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_UnusualOrInfrequentItemInsuranceProceeds">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of insurance proceeds for an event or transaction that is unusual in nature or infrequent in occurrence, or both.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483613/220-20-50-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_UnusualOrInfrequentItemInsuranceProceeds</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_BusinessAcquisitionAxis=IDT_FintechMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_BusinessAcquisitionAxis=IDT_FintechMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_BusinessAcquisitionAxis=IDT_Net2phoneMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_BusinessAcquisitionAxis=IDT_Net2phoneMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.3</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm45266146396992">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Other Operating Expense, Net (Details Narrative) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="3">12 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>May 08, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2022</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Aug. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jun. 05, 2023</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwardsLineItems', window );"><strong>Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability1', window );">Business Combination, Contingent Consideration Arrangements, Change in Amount of Contingent Consideration, Liability</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 500<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsContingentConsiderationLiability', window );">Estimated fair value of acquisition related contingent consideration liability</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (216)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_WriteOffOfCapitalizedInternalUseSoftwareCosts', window );">Write-off of capitalized internal use software costs</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">300<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,400<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsCableTelephonyCustomerIndemnificationClaim', window );">Traditional communications cable telephony customer indemnification claim</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(3,925)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(96)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TypeOfArrangementAxis=IDT_IndemnificationAgreementMember', window );">Indemnification Agreement [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwardsLineItems', window );"><strong>Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsCableTelephonyCustomerIndemnificationClaim', window );">Traditional communications cable telephony customer indemnification claim</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 3,900<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=IDT_FintechMember', window );">Fintech [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwardsLineItems', window );"><strong>Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability1', window );">Business Combination, Contingent Consideration Arrangements, Change in Amount of Contingent Consideration, Liability</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,800<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,600<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=IDT_Net2phoneMember', window );">Net2 phone [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwardsLineItems', window );"><strong>Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability1', window );">Business Combination, Contingent Consideration Arrangements, Change in Amount of Contingent Consideration, Liability</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 100<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 300<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsSegmentMember', window );">Traditional Communications Segment [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwardsLineItems', window );"><strong>Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsContingentConsiderationLiability', window );">Estimated fair value of acquisition related contingent consideration liability</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 200<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxAuthorityNameAxis=IDT_NewJerseyEconomicDevelopmentAuthorityMember', window );">New Jersey Economic Development Authority [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwardsLineItems', window );"><strong>Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TaxCreditCarryforwardAmount', window );">Tax credit</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,800<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Cash', window );">Cash</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,600<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsCableTelephonyCustomerIndemnificationClaim">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Traditional Communications&#8212;cable telephony customer indemnification claim.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsCableTelephonyCustomerIndemnificationClaim</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsContingentConsiderationLiability">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Traditional Communications&#8212; contingent consideration liability.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsContingentConsiderationLiability</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_WriteOffOfCapitalizedInternalUseSoftwareCosts">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Write-off of capitalized internal use software costs.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_WriteOffOfCapitalizedInternalUseSoftwareCosts</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of increase (decrease) in the value of a contingent consideration liability, including, but not limited to, differences arising upon settlement.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-28<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 805<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Subparagraph (a)(1)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479581/805-30-50-4<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_Cash">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of currency on hand as well as demand deposits with banks or financial institutions. Includes other kinds of accounts that have the general characteristics of demand deposits. Excludes cash and cash equivalents within disposal group and discontinued operation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481372/852-10-55-10<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 830<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 12<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479168/946-830-55-12<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(2))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478777/944-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-04(4))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479170/946-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 21<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477796/946-210-45-21<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(1))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 20<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Topic 946<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477796/946-210-45-20<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_Cash</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwardsLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-3<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwardsLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_TaxCreditCarryforwardAmount">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The amount of the tax credit carryforward, before tax effects, available to reduce future taxable income under enacted tax laws.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-3<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_TaxCreditCarryforwardAmount</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_TypeOfArrangementAxis=IDT_IndemnificationAgreementMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_TypeOfArrangementAxis=IDT_IndemnificationAgreementMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
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</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=IDT_FintechMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=IDT_FintechMember</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=IDT_Net2phoneMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=IDT_Net2phoneMember</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<td></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsSegmentMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsSegmentMember</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<td></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxAuthorityNameAxis=IDT_NewJerseyEconomicDevelopmentAuthorityMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeTaxAuthorityNameAxis=IDT_NewJerseyEconomicDevelopmentAuthorityMember</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.3</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm45266147316976">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Revolving Credit Facility (Details Narrative) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">2 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="3">12 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Oct. 07, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2022</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>May 17, 2021</div></th>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityLineItems', window );"><strong>Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromLinesOfCredit', window );">Proceeds from lines of credit</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 32,864<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 27,383<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 2,566<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RepaymentsOfLinesOfCredit', window );">Repayments of lines of credit</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">32,864<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">27,383<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,566<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_LegalEntityAxis=IDT_IDTTelecomMember', window );">IDT Telecom [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityLineItems', window );"><strong>Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromLinesOfCredit', window );">Proceeds from lines of credit</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">32,900<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">27,400<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,600<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RepaymentsOfLinesOfCredit', window );">Repayments of lines of credit</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">32,900<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">27,400<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 2,600<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_LegalEntityAxis=IDT_IDTTelecomMember', window );">IDT Telecom [Member] | Subsequent Event [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityLineItems', window );"><strong>Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromLinesOfCredit', window );">Proceeds from lines of credit</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 14,200<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RepaymentsOfLinesOfCredit', window );">Repayments of lines of credit</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 14,200<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis=us-gaap_RevolvingCreditFacilityMember', window );">Revolving Credit Facility [Member] | TD Bank [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityLineItems', window );"><strong>Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity', window );">Line of credit facility, maximum borrowing capacity</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 25,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LineOfCredit', window );">Outstanding line of credit</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityDescription', window );">Credit facility, description</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">The revolving credit facility is secured by primarily all of IDT Telecom&#8217;s
assets. The principal outstanding bears interest per annum at the secured overnight financing rate published by the Federal Reserve Bank
of New York plus 10 basis points, plus depending upon IDT Telecom&#8217;s leverage ratio as computed for the most recent fiscal quarter,
125 to 175 basis points. Interest is payable monthly, and all outstanding principal and any accrued and unpaid interest is due on May
16, 2026. IDT Telecom pays a quarterly unused commitment fee of 10 basis points on the average daily balance of the unused portion of
the $25.0 million commitment.<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentMaturityDate', window );">Debt instrument maturity date</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">May 16,  2026<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityRemainingBorrowingCapacity', window );">Revolving credit, unused portion amount</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 25,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Date when the debt instrument is scheduled to be fully repaid, in YYYY-MM-DD format.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 820<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (bbb)(2)(i)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 820<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (bbb)(2)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(22)(a)(2))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1B<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DebtInstrumentMaturityDate</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td>xbrli:dateItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LineOfCredit">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The carrying value as of the balance sheet date of the current and noncurrent portions of long-term obligations drawn from a line of credit, which is a bank's commitment to make loans up to a specific amount. Examples of items that might be included in the application of this element may consist of letters of credit, standby letters of credit, and revolving credit arrangements, under which borrowings can be made up to a maximum amount as of any point in time conditional on satisfaction of specified terms before, as of and after the date of drawdowns on the line. Includes short-term obligations that would normally be classified as current liabilities but for which (a) postbalance sheet date issuance of a long term obligation to refinance the short term obligation on a long term basis, or (b) the enterprise has entered into a financing agreement that clearly permits the enterprise to refinance the short-term obligation on a long term basis and the following conditions are met (1) the agreement does not expire within 1 year and is not cancelable by the lender except for violation of an objectively determinable provision, (2) no violation exists at the BS date, and (3) the lender has entered into the financing agreement is expected to be financially capable of honoring the agreement.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(22))<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 210<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-03(16))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478546/942-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(16)(a)(2))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478777/944-210-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LineOfCredit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityDescription">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Description of the terms of a credit facility arrangement. Terms typically include interest rate, collateral required, guarantees required, repayment requirements, and restrictions on use of assets and activities of the entity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481544/470-10-50-6<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(22)(b))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(19)(b))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityDescription</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481544/470-10-50-6<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481544/470-10-50-6<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(f))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Maximum borrowing capacity under the credit facility without consideration of any current restrictions on the amount that could be borrowed or the amounts currently outstanding under the facility.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(22)(b))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(19)(b))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityRemainingBorrowingCapacity">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of borrowing capacity currently available under the credit facility (current borrowing capacity less the amount of borrowings outstanding).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481544/470-10-50-6<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(22)(b))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(19)(b))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityRemainingBorrowingCapacity</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromLinesOfCredit">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash inflow from contractual arrangement with the lender, including but not limited to, letter of credit, standby letter of credit and revolving credit arrangements.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(f))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 14<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-14<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ProceedsFromLinesOfCredit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RepaymentsOfLinesOfCredit">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash outflow for payment of an obligation from a lender, including but not limited to, letter of credit, standby letter of credit and revolving credit arrangements.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 15<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-15<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(f))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RepaymentsOfLinesOfCredit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_LegalEntityAxis=IDT_IDTTelecomMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_LegalEntityAxis=IDT_IDTTelecomMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeAxis=us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeAxis=us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis=us-gaap_RevolvingCreditFacilityMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis=us-gaap_RevolvingCreditFacilityMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityAxis=IDT_TDBankMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityAxis=IDT_TDBankMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
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<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
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<head>
<title></title>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.3</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm45266154279152">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Schedule of Accrued Expenses (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2023</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PayablesAndAccrualsAbstract', window );"><strong>Payables and Accruals [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_CarrierMinutesTermination', window );">Carrier minutes termination</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 18,301<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 20,675<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_AccruedRegulatoryFeesCurrent', window );">Regulatory fees and taxes</a></td>
<td class="nump">44,020<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">43,302<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EmployeeRelatedLiabilitiesCurrent', window );">Compensation costs</a></td>
<td class="nump">18,994<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">18,858<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_AccruedMaintenanceAndSupport', window );">Maintenance and support</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,637<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,434<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccruedSalesCommissionCurrent', window );">Commissions</a></td>
<td class="nump">6,128<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">4,164<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccruedProfessionalFeesCurrent', window );">Legal and professional fees</a></td>
<td class="nump">3,539<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">8,751<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent', window );">Other</a></td>
<td class="nump">10,557<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">11,612<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent', window );">TOTAL</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 103,176<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 110,796<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_AccruedMaintenanceAndSupport">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Accrued maintenance and support.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_AccruedMaintenanceAndSupport</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_AccruedRegulatoryFeesCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Accrued regulatory fees current.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_AccruedRegulatoryFeesCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_CarrierMinutesTermination">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Carrier minutes termination.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_CarrierMinutesTermination</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Carrying value as of the balance sheet date of obligations incurred and payable, pertaining to costs that are statutory in nature, are incurred on contractual obligations, or accumulate over time and for which invoices have not yet been received or will not be rendered. Examples include taxes, interest, rent and utilities. Used to reflect the current portion of the liabilities (due within one year or within the normal operating cycle if longer).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(20))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AccruedProfessionalFeesCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Carrying value as of the balance sheet date of obligations incurred through that date and payable for professional fees, such as for legal and accounting services received. Used to reflect the current portion of the liabilities (due within one year or within the normal operating cycle if longer).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(20))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AccruedProfessionalFeesCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AccruedSalesCommissionCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Carrying value as of the balance sheet date of obligations incurred through that date and payable for sales commissions. Used to reflect the current portion of the liabilities (due within one year or within the normal operating cycle if longer).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(20))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483467/210-10-45-8<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AccruedSalesCommissionCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EmployeeRelatedLiabilitiesCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Total of the carrying values as of the balance sheet date of obligations incurred through that date and payable for obligations related to services received from employees, such as accrued salaries and bonuses, payroll taxes and fringe benefits. Used to reflect the current portion of the liabilities (due within one year or within the normal operating cycle if longer).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(20))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EmployeeRelatedLiabilitiesCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of expenses incurred but not yet paid classified as other, due within one year or the normal operating cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(20))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PayablesAndAccrualsAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PayablesAndAccrualsAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
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<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
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<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.24.3</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm45266148168144">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Schedule of Net Income Attributable to Mezzanine Equity&#8217;s Noncontrolling Interest (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="3">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2022</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember', window );">Common Class B [Member] | National Retail Solutions [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_MinorityInterestLineItems', window );"><strong>Noncontrolling Interest [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAttributableToRedeemableNoncontrollingInterest', window );">Net income of NRS attributable to the mezzanine equity&#8217;s noncontrolling interest</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 429<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 281<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 191<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_MinorityInterestLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_MinorityInterestLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAttributableToRedeemableNoncontrollingInterest">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of Net Income (Loss) attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interest.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(19))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483621/220-10-S99-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAttributableToRedeemableNoncontrollingInterest</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_LegalEntityAxis=IDT_NationalRetailSolutionsMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_LegalEntityAxis=IDT_NationalRetailSolutionsMember</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
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<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.3</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm45266148811664">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest (Details Narrative) - Common Class B [Member] - National Retail Solutions [Member]<br> $ in Millions</strong></div></th>
<th class="th">
<div>Sep. 29, 2021 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_MinorityInterestLineItems', window );"><strong>Noncontrolling Interest [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_SaleOfStockPercentageOfSubsidiaryEquityIssuedInTransaction', window );">Capital stock outstanding percentage</a></td>
<td class="nump">2.50%<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SaleOfStockConsiderationReceivedOnTransaction', window );">Sale of stock, consideration received on transaction</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 10<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_SaleOfStockPercentageOfSubsidiaryEquityIssuedInTransaction">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Sale of stock percentage of subsidiary equity issued in transaction.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_SaleOfStockPercentageOfSubsidiaryEquityIssuedInTransaction</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
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<td>dtr-types:percentItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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</table></div>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_MinorityInterestLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_MinorityInterestLineItems</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SaleOfStockConsiderationReceivedOnTransaction">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Cash received on stock transaction after deduction of issuance costs.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SaleOfStockConsiderationReceivedOnTransaction</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_LegalEntityAxis=IDT_NationalRetailSolutionsMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_LegalEntityAxis=IDT_NationalRetailSolutionsMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>124
<FILENAME>R108.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
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</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.24.3</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm45266255311024">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Schedule of Other (Expense) Income, Net (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="3">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2022</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherIncomeAndExpensesAbstract', window );"><strong>Other Income and Expenses [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossRealized', window );">Foreign currency transaction (losses) gains</a></td>
<td class="num">$ (3,787)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 3,353<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (1,742)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments', window );">Equity in net loss of investee</a></td>
<td class="num">(3,463)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(3,095)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(2,951)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_GainLossOnInvestments', window );">Gains (losses) on investments</a></td>
<td class="nump">229<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(2,613)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(19,248)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherIncome', window );">Other</a></td>
<td class="num">(591)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(728)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1,411)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NonoperatingIncomeExpense', window );">TOTAL</a></td>
<td class="num">$ (7,612)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (3,083)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (25,352)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossRealized">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, before tax, of realized gain (loss) from foreign currency transaction.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 830<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479168/946-830-55-10<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Subparagraph (a)(2)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479105/946-220-45-6<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-07(7)(a))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479134/946-220-S99-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 830<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481956/830-20-45-1<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 830<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481926/830-20-50-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossRealized</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investment.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(9)(a))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483621/220-10-S99-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(7)(c))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483621/220-10-S99-2<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/recommendedDisclosureRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-28<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_GainLossOnInvestments</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of income (loss) for proportionate share of equity method investee's income (loss).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 230<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-28<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 270<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (i)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482964/270-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Subparagraph (ee)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-32<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-04(10))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477250/944-220-S99-1<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 323<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481664/323-10-45-1<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 22<br> -Subparagraph (g)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-22<br><br>Reference 7: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(12))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483621/220-10-S99-2<br><br>Reference 8: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-04(13)(f))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478524/942-220-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NonoperatingIncomeExpense">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The aggregate amount of income or expense from ancillary business-related activities (that is to say, excluding major activities considered part of the normal operations of the business).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(7))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483621/220-10-S99-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NonoperatingIncomeExpense</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherIncome">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of revenue and income classified as other.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 320<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.12-14(Column E)(2))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477271/946-320-S99-6<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 320<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.12-14(Column E)(Footnote 4))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477271/946-320-S99-6<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 320<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.12-14(Column E)(Footnote 6)(b))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477271/946-320-S99-6<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-04(4))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477250/944-220-S99-1<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-07(1)(c))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479134/946-220-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherIncome</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherIncomeAndExpensesAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherIncomeAndExpensesAbstract</td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.3</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm45266149478864">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Components of Income Before Income Taxes (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="3">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2022</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesDomestic', window );">Domestic</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 56,316<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 48,036<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 25,025<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesForeign', window );">Foreign</a></td>
<td class="nump">5,594<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">12,771<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">9,858<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest', window );">Income before income taxes</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 61,910<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 60,807<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 34,883<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesDomestic">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The portion of earnings or loss from continuing operations before income taxes that is attributable to domestic operations.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 10A<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-10A<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(h)(1))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesDomestic</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of income (loss) from continuing operations, including income (loss) from equity method investments, before deduction of income tax expense (benefit), and income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 22<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-22<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 48<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482785/280-10-55-48<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-32<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 30<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-30<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 270<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (i)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482964/270-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Subparagraph (ee)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-32<br><br>Reference 7: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/otherTransitionRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-32<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-04(11))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477250/944-220-S99-1<br><br>Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 31<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-31<br><br>Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 235<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-05(b)(2))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477314/942-235-S99-1<br><br>Reference 11: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(10))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483621/220-10-S99-2<br><br>Reference 12: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-04(15))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478524/942-220-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesForeign">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The portion of earnings or loss from continuing operations before income taxes that is attributable to foreign operations, which is defined as Income or Loss generated from operations located outside the entity's country of domicile.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 10A<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-10A<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(h)(1))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
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<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesForeign</td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.3</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm45266144057536">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Significant Components of Deferred Income Taxes (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2022</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2021</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccrualsAllowanceForDoubtfulAccounts', window );">Bad debt reserve</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,588<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,117<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccrualsAccruedLiabilities', window );">Accrued expenses</a></td>
<td class="nump">2,897<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">4,825<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseCompensationAndBenefitsShareBasedCompensationCost', window );">Stock options and restricted stock</a></td>
<td class="nump">929<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">361<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsCharitableContributionCarryforwards', window );">Charitable contributions</a></td>
<td class="nump">754<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">724<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsPropertyPlantAndEquipment', window );">Depreciation, Assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">70<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxLiabilitiesPropertyPlantAndEquipment', window );">Depreciation, Liabilities</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(585)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_DeferredTaxLiabilitiesUnrealizedLossGainsOnTradingSecurities', window );">Unrealized gain</a></td>
<td class="nump">5,405<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">4,407<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwards', window );">Net operating loss</a></td>
<td class="nump">36,967<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">23,870<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsGross', window );">Total deferred income tax assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">48,610<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">34,719<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance', window );">Valuation allowance</a></td>
<td class="num">(13,602)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(10,618)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (11,588)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (11,540)<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsLiabilitiesNet', window );">NET DEFERRED INCOME TAX ASSETS</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 35,008<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 24,101<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<div style="display: none;">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Deferred tax liabilities unrealized loss gains on trading securities</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_DeferredTaxLiabilitiesUnrealizedLossGainsOnTradingSecurities</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsCharitableContributionCarryforwards">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount before allocation of valuation allowances of deferred tax asset attributable to deductible charitable contribution carryforwards.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-6<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsCharitableContributionCarryforwards</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount before allocation of valuation allowances of deferred tax asset attributable to deductible temporary differences and carryforwards.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsGross</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, after allocation of valuation allowances and deferred tax liability, of deferred tax asset attributable to deductible differences and carryforwards, without jurisdictional netting.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsLiabilitiesNet</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount before allocation of valuation allowances of deferred tax asset attributable to deductible operating loss carryforwards.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-6<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwards</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsPropertyPlantAndEquipment">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount before allocation of valuation allowances of deferred tax asset attributable to deductible temporary differences from property, plant, and equipment.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-6<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsPropertyPlantAndEquipment</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseCompensationAndBenefitsShareBasedCompensationCost">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount before allocation of valuation allowances of deferred tax asset attributable to deductible temporary differences from share-based compensation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-6<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseCompensationAndBenefitsShareBasedCompensationCost</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccrualsAccruedLiabilities">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount before allocation of valuation allowances of deferred tax asset attributable to deductible temporary differences from accrued liabilities.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-6<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccrualsAccruedLiabilities</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccrualsAllowanceForDoubtfulAccounts">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, before allocation of valuation allowance, of deferred tax asset attributable to deductible temporary difference from allowance for credit loss on accounts receivable.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-6<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccrualsAllowanceForDoubtfulAccounts</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of deferred tax assets for which it is more likely than not that a tax benefit will not be realized.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxLiabilitiesPropertyPlantAndEquipment">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of deferred tax liability attributable to taxable temporary differences from property, plant, and equipment.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-6<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DeferredTaxLiabilitiesPropertyPlantAndEquipment</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.3</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm45266148766896">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Schedule of (Provision for) Benefits from Income Taxes (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="3">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2022</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CurrentFederalTaxExpenseBenefit', window );">Federal</a></td>
<td class="num">$ (38)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (47)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (45)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CurrentStateAndLocalTaxExpenseBenefit', window );">State and local</a></td>
<td class="num">(2,716)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1,511)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(863)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CurrentForeignTaxExpenseBenefit', window );">Foreign</a></td>
<td class="num">(724)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1,275)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(729)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CurrentIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit', window );">Current</a></td>
<td class="num">(3,478)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(2,833)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1,637)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DeferredFederalIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit', window );">Federal</a></td>
<td class="nump">9,725<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(14,340)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(2,596)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DeferredStateAndLocalIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit', window );">State and local</a></td>
<td class="num">(261)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">16<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(19)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DeferredForeignIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit', window );">Foreign</a></td>
<td class="nump">368<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">716<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1,626)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit', window );">Deferred</a></td>
<td class="nump">9,832<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(13,608)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(4,241)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit', window );">BENEFIT FROM (PROVISION FOR) INCOME TAXES</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 6,354<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (16,441)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (5,878)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CurrentFederalTaxExpenseBenefit">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of current federal tax expense (benefit) attributable to income (loss) from continuing operations. Includes, but is not limited to, current national tax expense (benefit) for non-US (United States of America) jurisdiction.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 6.I.7)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479360/740-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(h)(1)(Note 1))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 9<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 740<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-9<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CurrentFederalTaxExpenseBenefit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CurrentForeignTaxExpenseBenefit">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of current foreign income tax expense (benefit) pertaining to income (loss) from continuing operations.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(h)(1)(Note 1))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 9<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 740<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-9<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CurrentForeignTaxExpenseBenefit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CurrentIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of current income tax expense (benefit) pertaining to taxable income (loss) from continuing operations.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(h)(1)(Note 1))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 9<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-9<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of current state and local tax expense (benefit) attributable to income (loss) from continuing operations. Includes, but is not limited to, current regional, territorial, and provincial tax expense (benefit) for non-US (United States of America) jurisdiction.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 6.I.7)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479360/740-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(h)(1)(Note 1))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 9<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 740<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-9<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of deferred federal tax expense (benefit) attributable to income (loss) from continuing operations. Includes, but is not limited to, deferred national tax expense (benefit) for non-US (United States of America) jurisdiction.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 6.I.7)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479360/740-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(h)(1)(Note 1))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 9<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-9<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DeferredFederalIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of deferred foreign income tax expense (benefit) pertaining to income (loss) from continuing operations.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(h)(1)(Note 1))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 9<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-9<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DeferredForeignIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of deferred income tax expense (benefit) pertaining to income (loss) from continuing operations.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 230<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-28<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(h)(1)(Note 1))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 9<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 740<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-9<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DeferredStateAndLocalIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of deferred state and local tax expense (benefit) attributable to income (loss) from continuing operations. Includes, but is not limited to, deferred regional, territorial, and provincial tax expense (benefit) for non-US (United States of America) jurisdiction.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 6.I.7)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479360/740-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(h)(1)(Note 1))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 9<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-9<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DeferredStateAndLocalIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract">
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of current income tax expense (benefit) and deferred income tax expense (benefit) pertaining to continuing operations.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 270<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (i)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482964/270-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Subparagraph (ee)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-32<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 12<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-12<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 231<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482663/740-10-55-231<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 9<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483443/250-10-50-9<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 6.I.7)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479360/740-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483443/250-10-50-8<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-10<br><br>Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 22<br> -Subparagraph (h)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-22<br><br>Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-04(9))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477250/944-220-S99-1<br><br>Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Topic 740<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482659/740-20-45-2<br><br>Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(h))<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 235<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit</td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.3</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm45266146089888">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Schedule of Differences Between Income Taxes Expected Federal Statutory Income Taxes (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="3">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2022</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate', window );">U.S. federal income tax at statutory rate</a></td>
<td class="num">$ (13,001)<span></span>
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<td class="num">$ (12,770)<span></span>
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<td class="num">$ (7,325)<span></span>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationChangeInDeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance', window );">Valuation allowance</a></td>
<td class="nump">2,984<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">970<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,147<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationForeignIncomeTaxRateDifferential', window );">Foreign tax rate differential</a></td>
<td class="num">(1,636)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1,068)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1,059)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationNondeductibleExpenseOther', window );">Nondeductible expenses</a></td>
<td class="num">(1,159)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1,767)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,044<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_IncomeTaxReconciliationRevaluationOfExistingForeignAttributes', window );">Revaluation of existing foreign attributes</a></td>
<td class="num">(2,886)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationPriorYearIncomeTaxes', window );">Prior year benefit</a></td>
<td class="nump">23,622<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationStateAndLocalIncomeTaxes', window );">State and local income tax, net of federal benefit</a></td>
<td class="num">(1,855)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1,181)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(686)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationOtherAdjustments', window );">Other</a></td>
<td class="nump">285<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(625)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit', window );">BENEFIT FROM (PROVISION FOR) INCOME TAXES</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 6,354<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (16,441)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (5,878)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_IncomeTaxReconciliationRevaluationOfExistingForeignAttributes">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Income tax reconciliation revaluation of existing foreign attributes.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_IncomeTaxReconciliationRevaluationOfExistingForeignAttributes</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of current income tax expense (benefit) and deferred income tax expense (benefit) pertaining to continuing operations.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 270<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (i)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482964/270-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Subparagraph (ee)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-32<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 12<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-12<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 231<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482663/740-10-55-231<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 9<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483443/250-10-50-9<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 6.I.7)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479360/740-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483443/250-10-50-8<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-10<br><br>Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 22<br> -Subparagraph (h)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-22<br><br>Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-04(9))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477250/944-220-S99-1<br><br>Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Topic 740<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482659/740-20-45-2<br><br>Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(h))<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 235<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationChangeInDeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of the difference between reported income tax expense (benefit) and expected income tax expense (benefit) computed by applying the domestic federal statutory income tax rates to pretax income (loss) from continuing operations attributable to increase (decrease) in the valuation allowance for deferred tax assets.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 231<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482663/740-10-55-231<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 12A<br> -Subparagraph (a)(6)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-12A<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 12<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-12<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationChangeInDeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationForeignIncomeTaxRateDifferential">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of the difference between reported income tax expense (benefit) and expected income tax expense (benefit) computed by applying the domestic federal statutory income tax rates to pretax income (loss) from continuing operations attributable to foreign income tax expense (benefit).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 231<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482663/740-10-55-231<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 12<br> -Subparagraph (b)(2)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-12<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 12A<br> -Subparagraph (a)(2)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-12A<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 12<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-12<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationForeignIncomeTaxRateDifferential</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The amount of income tax expense or benefit for the period computed by applying the domestic federal statutory tax rates to pretax income from continuing operations.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 12<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-12<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 231<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482663/740-10-55-231<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationNondeductibleExpenseOther">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of the difference between reported income tax expense (benefit) and expected income tax expense (benefit) computed by applying the domestic federal statutory income tax rates to pretax income (loss) from continuing operations attributable to other nondeductible expenses.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 231<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482663/740-10-55-231<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 12A<br> -Subparagraph (b)(1)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-12A<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 12<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-12<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationNondeductibleExpenseOther</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationOtherAdjustments">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of the difference between reported income tax expense (benefit) and expected income tax expense (benefit) computed by applying the domestic federal statutory income tax rates to pretax income (loss) from continuing operations attributable to other adjustments.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 231<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482663/740-10-55-231<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 12<br> -Subparagraph (b)(3)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-12<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 12<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-12<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationOtherAdjustments</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationPriorYearIncomeTaxes">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of the difference between reported income tax expense (benefit) and expected income tax expense (benefit) computed by applying the domestic federal statutory income tax rates to pretax income (loss) from continuing operations attributable to revisions of previously reported income tax expense (benefit).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 12<br> -Subparagraph (b)(3)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-12<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 12<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-12<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationPriorYearIncomeTaxes</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationStateAndLocalIncomeTaxes">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of the difference between reported income tax expense (benefit) and expected income tax expense (benefit) computed by applying the domestic federal statutory income tax rates to pretax income (loss) from continuing operations attributable to state and local income tax expense (benefit).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 231<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482663/740-10-55-231<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 12A<br> -Subparagraph (a)(1)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-12A<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 12<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-12<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationStateAndLocalIncomeTaxes</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>129
<FILENAME>R113.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
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</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.24.3</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm45266144623648">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Summary of Changes in Valuation Allowance (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="3">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2022</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance', window );">Balance at beginning of year</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 10,618<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 11,588<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 11,540<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ValuationAllowancesAndReservesChargedToCostAndExpense', window );">Additions charged to costs and expenses</a></td>
<td class="nump">2,984<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,537<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">48<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ValuationAllowancesAndReservesDeductions', window );">Deductions</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(3,507)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance', window );">Balance at end of year</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 13,602<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 10,618<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 11,588<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of deferred tax assets for which it is more likely than not that a tax benefit will not be realized.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ValuationAllowancesAndReservesChargedToCostAndExpense">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of increase in valuation and qualifying accounts and reserves from charge to cost and expense.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.12-09(Column C)(1))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-4<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ValuationAllowancesAndReservesChargedToCostAndExpense</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ValuationAllowancesAndReservesDeductions">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of decrease in valuation and qualifying accounts and reserves.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.12-09(Column D))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-4<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ValuationAllowancesAndReservesDeductions</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>130
<FILENAME>R114.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
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<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.24.3</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm45266148910160">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Income Taxes (Details Narrative) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="3">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2022</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_UndistributedEarningsOfForeignSubsidiaries', window );">Undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 297,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwards', window );">Operating loss carryforwards</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 86,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_OperatingLossExpirationDescription', window );">Operating loss expiration description</a></td>
<td class="text">U.S. federal net operating loss carryforwards of $83 million expire in fiscal
2028 through fiscal 2038, and $3 million do not expire.<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwardsSubjectToExpiration', window );">Net operating loss carryforwards subject to expiration</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 83,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwardsNoExpiration', window );">Net operating loss carryforwards no expiration</a></td>
<td class="nump">3,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwardsForeign', window );">Foreign net operating loss carry forwards</a></td>
<td class="nump">74,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_ForeignNetOperatingLossCarryForwardsNoExpiration', window );">Foreign net operating loss carry forwards no expiration</a></td>
<td class="nump">63,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_ForeignNetOperatingLossCarryForwardsExpirationTwoToTenYears', window );">Foreign net operating loss, expiration in two to ten years.</a></td>
<td class="nump">10,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_ForeignNetOperatingLossCarryForwardsExpirationTwentyYears', window );">Foreign net operating loss, expiration in twenty years</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit', window );">Income tax expense benefit</a></td>
<td class="num">(6,354)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 16,441<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 5,878<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ValuationAllowancesAndReservesChargedToCostAndExpense', window );">Valuation allowances and reserves charged to cost and expense</a></td>
<td class="nump">2,984<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,537<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">48<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ValuationAllowancesAndReservesDeductions', window );">Deductions</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(3,507)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ValuationAllowancesAndReservesTypeAxis=IDT_ValuationAllowanceUtilizedFutureExpenseMember', window );">Valuation Allowance Utilized Future Expense [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ValuationAllowanceDeferredTaxAssetChangeInAmount', window );">Decrease in valuation allowance</a></td>
<td class="nump">3,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ValuationAllowancesAndReservesChargedToCostAndExpense', window );">Valuation allowances and reserves charged to cost and expense</a></td>
<td class="nump">3,500<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,500<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ValuationAllowancesAndReservesPeriodIncreaseDecrease', window );">Decrease in deferred income tax assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">200<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,800<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ValuationAllowancesAndReservesDeductions', window );">Deductions</a></td>
<td class="nump">300<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 700<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis=srt_SubsidiariesMember', window );">Subsidiaries [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwards', window );">Operating loss carryforwards</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 11,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_NetOperatingLossCarryForwardsYearOfExpiration', window );">Net operating loss carryforwards year of expiratio, description</a></td>
<td class="text">The Company&#8217;s subsidiary, net2phone, has additional U.S. federal net operating loss carryforwards
of approximately $11 million, which will expire through fiscal 2027.<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_SubsidiaryTaxNetOperatingLossCarryForwardsAnnualLimitAmountUnderInternalRevenueCode', window );">Losses limited under internal revenue code</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 7,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_SubsidiaryTaxNetOperatingLossCarryForwardsAnnualLimitAmountUnderInternalRevenueCodeAdjustedAmount', window );">Reacquisition and limitation</a></td>
<td class="nump">9,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit', window );">Income tax expense benefit</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 23,600<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwardsNoExpiration">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Deferred tax assets operating loss carryforwards no expiration</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwardsNoExpiration</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_ForeignNetOperatingLossCarryForwardsExpirationTwentyYears">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Foreign net operating loss, expiration in twenty years.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_ForeignNetOperatingLossCarryForwardsExpirationTwentyYears</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_ForeignNetOperatingLossCarryForwardsExpirationTwoToTenYears">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Foreign net operating loss, expiration in two to ten years.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_ForeignNetOperatingLossCarryForwardsExpirationTwoToTenYears</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_ForeignNetOperatingLossCarryForwardsNoExpiration">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Foreign net operating loss carry forwards no expiration</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_ForeignNetOperatingLossCarryForwardsNoExpiration</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_NetOperatingLossCarryForwardsYearOfExpiration">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Net operating losses expiration, description.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_NetOperatingLossCarryForwardsYearOfExpiration</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_OperatingLossExpirationDescription">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Operating loss expiration description</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_OperatingLossExpirationDescription</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_SubsidiaryTaxNetOperatingLossCarryForwardsAnnualLimitAmountUnderInternalRevenueCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Total Subsidiary Tax Net Operating Loss Carry Forwards Annual Limit Amount Under Internal Revenue Code.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_SubsidiaryTaxNetOperatingLossCarryForwardsAnnualLimitAmountUnderInternalRevenueCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_SubsidiaryTaxNetOperatingLossCarryForwardsAnnualLimitAmountUnderInternalRevenueCodeAdjustedAmount">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Reacquisition and limitation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_SubsidiaryTaxNetOperatingLossCarryForwardsAnnualLimitAmountUnderInternalRevenueCodeAdjustedAmount</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwardsForeign">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount before allocation of valuation allowances of deferred tax asset attributable to deductible foreign operating loss carryforwards.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-6<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwardsForeign</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwardsSubjectToExpiration">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount before allocation of valuation allowances of deferred tax asset attributable to deductible operating loss carryforwards that are subject to expiration dates.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-6<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwardsSubjectToExpiration</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of current income tax expense (benefit) and deferred income tax expense (benefit) pertaining to continuing operations.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 270<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (i)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482964/270-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Subparagraph (ee)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-32<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 12<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-12<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 231<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482663/740-10-55-231<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 9<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483443/250-10-50-9<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 6.I.7)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479360/740-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483443/250-10-50-8<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-10<br><br>Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 22<br> -Subparagraph (h)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-22<br><br>Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-04(9))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477250/944-220-S99-1<br><br>Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Topic 740<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482659/740-20-45-2<br><br>Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(h))<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 235<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwards">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of operating loss carryforward, before tax effects, available to reduce future taxable income under enacted tax laws.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-3<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwards</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_UndistributedEarningsOfForeignSubsidiaries">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries intended to be permanently reinvested outside the country of domicile.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/otherTransitionRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482603/740-30-50-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 25<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (a)(1)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482620/740-10-25-3<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -SubTopic 740<br> -Topic 942<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477617/942-740-50-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -SubTopic 740<br> -Topic 944<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478822/944-740-50-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_UndistributedEarningsOfForeignSubsidiaries</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ValuationAllowanceDeferredTaxAssetChangeInAmount">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of increase (decrease) in the valuation allowance for a specified deferred tax asset.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ValuationAllowanceDeferredTaxAssetChangeInAmount</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ValuationAllowancesAndReservesChargedToCostAndExpense">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of increase in valuation and qualifying accounts and reserves from charge to cost and expense.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.12-09(Column C)(1))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-4<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ValuationAllowancesAndReservesChargedToCostAndExpense</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ValuationAllowancesAndReservesDeductions">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of decrease in valuation and qualifying accounts and reserves.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.12-09(Column D))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-4<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ValuationAllowancesAndReservesDeductions</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ValuationAllowancesAndReservesPeriodIncreaseDecrease">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of increase (decrease) in valuation and qualifying accounts and reserves.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.12-09)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-4<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ValuationAllowancesAndReservesPeriodIncreaseDecrease</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ValuationAllowancesAndReservesTypeAxis=IDT_ValuationAllowanceUtilizedFutureExpenseMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ValuationAllowancesAndReservesTypeAxis=IDT_ValuationAllowanceUtilizedFutureExpenseMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis=srt_SubsidiariesMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis=srt_SubsidiariesMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.3</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm45266154552656">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Equity (Details Narrative) - USD ($)<br> $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="5">1 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">2 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="3">12 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Sep. 30, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jun. 30, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Mar. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Oct. 07, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2022</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Aug. 31, 2024</div></th>
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<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems', window );"><strong>Class of Stock [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PaymentsOfDividends', window );">Cash dividend</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 2,536<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockDividendsPerShareDeclared', window );">Dividends declared per share</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.10<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockRepurchaseProgramRemainingNumberOfSharesAuthorizedToBeRepurchased', window );">Share Repurchase Program, Remaining Authorized, Number of Shares</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">4,400,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">4,400,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation', window );">Share based compensation</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 7,397<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">4,518<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,930<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_ExchangeOfOutstandingSharesPercentage', window );">Exchange of outstanding shares percentage</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1.25%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_TitleOfIndividualAxis=srt_ExecutiveOfficerMember', window );">Executive Officer [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems', window );"><strong>Class of Stock [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_PerformanceBonusPaidInCashStock', window );">Performance bonus paid in cash stock</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,200<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=IDT_CommonClassAandBMember', window );">Class A And Class B Common Stock[Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems', window );"><strong>Class of Stock [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockDividendsPerShareCashPaid', window );">Cash dividend per share</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.05<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PaymentsOfDividends', window );">Cash dividend</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 2,500<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=IDT_CommonClassAandBMember', window );">Class A And Class B Common Stock[Member] | Subsequent Event [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems', window );"><strong>Class of Stock [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockDividendsPerShareDeclared', window );">Dividends declared per share</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.05<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=IDT_CommonClassAandBMember', window );">Class A And Class B Common Stock[Member] | Subsequent Event [Member] | 2024 Q2 Dividends [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems', window );"><strong>Class of Stock [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DividendPayableDateToBePaidDayMonthAndYear', window );">Dividend paid date</a></td>
<td class="text">Oct.  07,  2024<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DividendsPayableDateOfRecordDayMonthAndYear', window );">Dividend record date</a></td>
<td class="text">Sep. 30,  2024<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=IDT_ClassBCommonStockMember', window );">Class B Common Stock [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems', window );"><strong>Class of Stock [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_StockRepurchaseProgramNumberOfSharesAuthorizedToBeRepurchased', window );">Share Repurchase Program, Authorized, Number of Shares</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">8,000,000.0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">8,000,000.0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TreasuryStockSharesAcquired', window );">Class B common stock shares repurchased</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">37,714<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">298,421<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">511,546<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">554,744<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TreasuryStockValueAcquiredCostMethod', window );">Aggregate purchase price of shares repurchased</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,300<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 9,100<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 13,100<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 13,400<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_NoncontrollingInterestPercentage', window );">Noncontrolling interest poercentage</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0.09%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation', window );">Share based compensation</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 500<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=IDT_ClassBCommonStockMember', window );">Class B Common Stock [Member] | NRS And DSU [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems', window );"><strong>Class of Stock [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_TenderOfferNRSOutstandingDSUsPercentage', window );">Tender offer NRS outstanding DSUs percentage</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">10.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_SaleOfDSUNumberOfDSUSold', window );">Sale of DSU number of DSU sold</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">199,687<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_SaleOfDSUNumberOfDSUSubjectToOptionToPurchase', window );">Sale of DSU number of DSU subject to option to purchase</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">199,687<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_SaleOfDSUAndCommonStockNumberOfDSUSold', window );">Sale of DSU and common stock number of DSU sold</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">10,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_SaleOfDSUAndCommonStockNumberOfDSUSubjectToOptionToPurchase', window );">Sale of DSU and common stock number of DSU subject to option to purchase</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">10,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued', window );">Common stock issued</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">13,042<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">13,042<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_CashPaidForPurchaseOfSubsidiaryDSUAndSharesOfCommonStock', window );">Cash paid for purchase of subsidiary DSU and shares of common stock</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 100<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 100<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues', window );">Issuance of shares, value</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueExchangeOfSharesForCommonStock', window );">Exchange of NRS shares for Class B common stock</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 13<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=IDT_ClassBCommonStockMember', window );">Class B Common Stock [Member] | National Retail Solutions [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems', window );"><strong>Class of Stock [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_SaleOfDSUAndCommonStockNumberOfSharesOfCommonStockSold', window );">Sale of DSU and common stock number of shares of common stock sold</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">142,500<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_SaleOfDSUAndCommonStockNumberOfSharesOfCommonStockSubjectToOptionToPurchase', window );">Sale of DSU and common stock number of DSU subject to option to purchase</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">142,500<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=IDT_ClassBCommonStockMember', window );">Class B Common Stock [Member] | NRS [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems', window );"><strong>Class of Stock [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_PurchaseOfDSUAndStockPercentageOfSubsidiaryEquityPurchasedInTransaction', window );">Purchase of DSU and stock percentage of subsidiary equity purchase in transaction</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0.20%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=IDT_ClassBCommonStockMember', window );">Class B Common Stock [Member] | Employees [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems', window );"><strong>Class of Stock [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TreasuryStockSharesAcquired', window );">Class B common stock shares repurchased</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">41,994<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">28,227<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">200,438<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TreasuryStockValueAcquiredCostMethod', window );">Aggregate purchase price of shares repurchased</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,500<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 800<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 9,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=IDT_ClassBCommonStockMember', window );">Class B Common Stock [Member] | Subsequent Event [Member] | NRS And DSU [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems', window );"><strong>Class of Stock [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued', window );">Common stock issued</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">12,094<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember', window );">Common Class B [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems', window );"><strong>Class of Stock [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued', window );">Common stock issued</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">28,177,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">28,177,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">27,851,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueExchangeOfSharesForCommonStock', window );">Exchange of NRS shares for Class B common stock</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 100<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_ExchangeOfOutstandingSharesPercentage', window );">Exchange of outstanding shares percentage</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1.25%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_ExchangeOfOutstandingSharesPercentageOnDilutedBasis', window );">Exchange of outstanding shares percentage on diluted basis</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1.21%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues', window );">Issuance of shares</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">192,433<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember', window );">Common Class B [Member] | Executive Officer [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems', window );"><strong>Class of Stock [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues', window );">Issuance of shares, value</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 600<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues', window );">Issuance of shares</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">24,543<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_CashPaidForPurchaseOfSubsidiaryDSUAndSharesOfCommonStock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Cash paid for purchase of subsidiary DSU and shares of common stock.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_CashPaidForPurchaseOfSubsidiaryDSUAndSharesOfCommonStock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_ExchangeOfOutstandingSharesPercentage">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Exchange of outstanding shares percentage.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_ExchangeOfOutstandingSharesPercentage</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_ExchangeOfOutstandingSharesPercentageOnDilutedBasis">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Exchange of outstanding shares percentage on diluted basis.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_ExchangeOfOutstandingSharesPercentageOnDilutedBasis</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_NoncontrollingInterestPercentage">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Non controlling interest percentage.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_NoncontrollingInterestPercentage</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_PerformanceBonusPaidInCashStock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Performance bonus paid in cash stock.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_PerformanceBonusPaidInCashStock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_PurchaseOfDSUAndStockPercentageOfSubsidiaryEquityPurchasedInTransaction">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Purchase of DSU and stock percentage of subsidiary equity purchase in transaction.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_PurchaseOfDSUAndStockPercentageOfSubsidiaryEquityPurchasedInTransaction</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_SaleOfDSUAndCommonStockNumberOfDSUSold">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Sale of DSU and common stock number of DSU sold.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_SaleOfDSUAndCommonStockNumberOfDSUSold</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_SaleOfDSUAndCommonStockNumberOfDSUSubjectToOptionToPurchase">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Sale of DSU and common stock number of DSU subject to option to purchase.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_SaleOfDSUAndCommonStockNumberOfDSUSubjectToOptionToPurchase</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_SaleOfDSUAndCommonStockNumberOfSharesOfCommonStockSold">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Sale of DSU and common stock number of shares of common stock sold.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_SaleOfDSUAndCommonStockNumberOfSharesOfCommonStockSold</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_SaleOfDSUAndCommonStockNumberOfSharesOfCommonStockSubjectToOptionToPurchase">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Sale of DSU and common stock number of shares of common stock subject to option to purchase.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_SaleOfDSUAndCommonStockNumberOfSharesOfCommonStockSubjectToOptionToPurchase</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_SaleOfDSUNumberOfDSUSold">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Sale of DSU number of DSU sold.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_SaleOfDSUNumberOfDSUSold</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_SaleOfDSUNumberOfDSUSubjectToOptionToPurchase">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Sale of DSU number of DSU subject to option to purchase.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_SaleOfDSUNumberOfDSUSubjectToOptionToPurchase</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueExchangeOfSharesForCommonStock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Exchange of NRS shares for Class B common stock.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueExchangeOfSharesForCommonStock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_TenderOfferNRSOutstandingDSUsPercentage">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tender offer NRS outstanding DSUs percentage.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_TenderOfferNRSOutstandingDSUsPercentage</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_StockRepurchaseProgramNumberOfSharesAuthorizedToBeRepurchased">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of shares authorized to be purchased under share repurchase plan. Includes, but is not limited to, repurchase of stock and unit of ownership.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481520/505-30-50-4<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_StockRepurchaseProgramNumberOfSharesAuthorizedToBeRepurchased</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>srt_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-13<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/recommendedDisclosureRef<br> -Topic 272<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483014/272-10-45-3<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 272<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482987/272-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(d))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-13<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-13<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -Subparagraph (e)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI 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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CommonStockDividendsPerShareCashPaid">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Aggregate dividends paid during the period for each share of common stock outstanding.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480008/505-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CommonStockDividendsPerShareCashPaid</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CommonStockDividendsPerShareDeclared">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Aggregate dividends declared during the period for each share of common stock outstanding.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480008/505-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CommonStockDividendsPerShareDeclared</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Total number of common shares of an entity that have been sold or granted to shareholders (includes common shares that were issued, repurchased and remain in the treasury). These shares represent capital invested by the firm's shareholders and owners, and may be all or only a portion of the number of shares authorized. Shares issued include shares outstanding and shares held in the treasury.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DividendPayableDateToBePaidDayMonthAndYear">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Date the declared dividend will be paid, in YYYY-MM-DD format.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482913/230-10-50-3<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DividendPayableDateToBePaidDayMonthAndYear</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DividendsPayableDateOfRecordDayMonthAndYear">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Date the holder must own the stock to be entitled to the dividend, in YYYY-MM-DD format.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DividendsPayableDateOfRecordDayMonthAndYear</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:dateItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PaymentsOfDividends">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Cash outflow in the form of capital distributions and dividends to common shareholders, preferred shareholders and noncontrolling interests.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 15<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-15<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PaymentsOfDividends</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of noncash expense for share-based payment arrangement.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 230<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-28<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of new stock issued during the period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 505<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(28))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 505<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478448/946-505-50-2<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-09(4)(b))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479134/946-220-S99-3<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-03(i)(1))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479886/946-10-S99-3<br><br>Reference 7: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480008/505-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Equity impact of the value of new stock issued during the period. Includes shares issued in an initial public offering or a secondary public offering.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 505<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(28))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 830<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 11<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479168/946-830-55-11<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 205<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478009/946-205-45-4<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 505<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478448/946-505-50-2<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-09(4)(b))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479134/946-220-S99-3<br><br>Reference 8: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480008/505-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockRepurchaseProgramRemainingNumberOfSharesAuthorizedToBeRepurchased">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of shares remaining authorized to be purchased under share repurchase plan. Includes, but is not limited to, repurchase of stock and unit of ownership.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockRepurchaseProgramRemainingNumberOfSharesAuthorizedToBeRepurchased</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_TreasuryStockSharesAcquired">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of shares that have been repurchased during the period and are being held in treasury.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 505<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480008/505-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_TreasuryStockSharesAcquired</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_TreasuryStockValueAcquiredCostMethod">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Equity impact of the cost of common and preferred stock that were repurchased during the period. Recorded using the cost method.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 505<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480008/505-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481549/505-30-45-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_TreasuryStockValueAcquiredCostMethod</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_TitleOfIndividualAxis=srt_ExecutiveOfficerMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_TitleOfIndividualAxis=srt_ExecutiveOfficerMember</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=IDT_CommonClassAandBMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=IDT_CommonClassAandBMember</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeAxis=us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeAxis=us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DividendsAxis=IDT_O2024Q2DividendsMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<tr>
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<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=IDT_ClassBCommonStockMember</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis=IDT_NRSAndDSUMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis=IDT_NRSAndDSUMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis=IDT_NationalRetailSolutionsMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis=IDT_NationalRetailSolutionsMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis=IDT_NRSMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis=IDT_NRSMember</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
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<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_TitleOfIndividualAxis=IDT_EmployeesMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_TitleOfIndividualAxis=IDT_EmployeesMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<td>na</td>
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<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.3</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm45266147451104">
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<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Schedule of Stock Option Activity (Details) - Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Option [Member]<br> shares in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th">
<div>Jul. 31, 2024 </div>
<div>USD ($) </div>
<div>$ / shares </div>
<div>shares</div>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber', window );">Number of Options, Outstanding, Beginning balance | shares</a></td>
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</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriod', window );">Number of Options, Granted | shares</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice', window );">Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Granted | $ / shares</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised', window );">Number of Options, Exercised | shares</a></td>
<td class="num">(12)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice', window );">Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Exercised | $ / shares</a></td>
<td class="num">$ (13.72)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresAndExpirationsInPeriod', window );">Number of Options, Cancelled / Forfeited | shares</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresAndExpirationsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice', window );">Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Cancelled / Forfeited | $ / shares</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber', window );">Number of Options, outstanding, Ending balance | shares</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice', window );">Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Outstanding, Ending balance | $ / shares</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2', window );">Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term, Outstanding</a></td>
<td class="text">0 years<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingIntrinsicValue', window );">Aggregate Intrinsic Value, Outstanding | $</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableNumber', window );">Number of Options, Exercisable | shares</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageExercisePrice', window );">Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Exercisable | $ / shares</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm1', window );">Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term, Exercisable</a></td>
<td class="text">0 years<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableIntrinsicValue1', window );">Aggregate Intrinsic Value, Exercisable | $</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 35<br> -Paragraph 1D<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480483/718-10-35-1D<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 35<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480483/718-10-35-3<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)(1)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name 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-SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(2)(iii)(02)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 19: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(2)(iii)(03)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 20: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (d)(1)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 21: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (d)(2)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> 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https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The number of shares into which fully or partially vested stock options outstanding as of the balance sheet date can be currently converted under the option plan.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)(iii)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageExercisePrice">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The weighted-average price as of the balance sheet date at which grantees can acquire the shares reserved for issuance on vested portions of options outstanding and currently exercisable under the stock option plan.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)(iii)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageExercisePrice</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresAndExpirationsInPeriod">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>For presentations that combine terminations, the number of shares under options that were cancelled during the reporting period as a result of occurrence of a terminating event specified in contractual agreements pertaining to the stock option plan or that expired.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)(iv)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresAndExpirationsInPeriod</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresAndExpirationsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Weighted average price of options that were either forfeited or expired.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)(iv)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresAndExpirationsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriod">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Net number of share options (or share units) granted during the period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)(iv)(01)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriod</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingIntrinsicValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount by which the current fair value of the underlying stock exceeds the exercise price of options outstanding.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingIntrinsicValue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of options outstanding, including both vested and non-vested options.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)(i)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)(ii)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Weighted average price at which grantees can acquire the shares reserved for issuance under the stock option plan.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)(i)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)(ii)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Weighted average price at which option holders acquired shares when converting their stock options into shares.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)(iv)(02)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Weighted average per share amount at which grantees can acquire shares of common stock by exercise of options.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)(iv)(01)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableIntrinsicValue1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of difference between fair value of the underlying shares reserved for issuance and exercise price of vested portions of options outstanding and currently exercisable.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableIntrinsicValue1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Weighted average remaining contractual term for vested portions of options outstanding and currently exercisable or convertible, in 'PnYnMnDTnHnMnS' format, for example, 'P1Y5M13D' represents the reported fact of one year, five months, and thirteen days.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:durationItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
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</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Weighted average remaining contractual term for option awards outstanding, in 'PnYnMnDTnHnMnS' format, for example, 'P1Y5M13D' represents the reported fact of one year, five months, and thirteen days.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Subparagraph (e)(1)<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Section 50<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:durationItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of share options (or share units) exercised during the current period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 505<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(28))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)(iv)(02)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 5: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480008/505-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis=us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis=us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.3</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm45266146354192">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Schedule of Grants of Restricted Shares (Details)<br> shares in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th">
<div>Jul. 31, 2024 </div>
<div>$ / shares </div>
<div>shares</div>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems', window );"><strong>Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber', window );">Number of non vested , beginning balance | shares</a></td>
<td class="nump">165<span></span>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue', window );">Weighted- Average Grant- Date Fair Value, Beginning balance | $ / shares</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 27.38<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod', window );">Number of non vested, granted | shares</a></td>
<td class="nump">25<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue', window );">Weighted- Average Grant- Date Fair Value, Granted | $ / shares</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 33.64<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriod', window );">Number of non vested, vested | shares</a></td>
<td class="num">(40)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue', window );">Weighted- Average Grant- Date Fair Value, Vested | $ / shares</a></td>
<td class="num">$ (26.03)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsForfeitedInPeriod', window );">Number of non vested, forfeited | shares</a></td>
<td class="num">(2)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsForfeituresWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue', window );">Weighted- Average Grant- Date Fair Value, Forfeited | $ / shares</a></td>
<td class="num">$ (28.67)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber', window );">Number of non vested , ending balance | shares</a></td>
<td class="nump">148<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue', window );">Weighted- Average Grant- Date Fair Value, Ending balance | $ / shares</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 28.79<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember', window );">Common Class B [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems', window );"><strong>Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber', window );">Number of non vested , beginning balance | shares</a></td>
<td class="nump">25<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue', window );">Weighted- Average Grant- Date Fair Value, Beginning balance | $ / shares</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 19.09<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod', window );">Number of non vested, granted | shares</a></td>
<td class="nump">25<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue', window );">Weighted- Average Grant- Date Fair Value, Granted | $ / shares</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 34.92<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriod', window );">Number of non vested, vested | shares</a></td>
<td class="num">(18)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue', window );">Weighted- Average Grant- Date Fair Value, Vested | $ / shares</a></td>
<td class="num">$ (37.33)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsForfeitedInPeriod', window );">Number of non vested, forfeited | shares</a></td>
<td class="num">(1)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsForfeituresWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue', window );">Weighted- Average Grant- Date Fair Value, Forfeited | $ / shares</a></td>
<td class="num">$ (31.80)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber', window );">Number of non vested , ending balance | shares</a></td>
<td class="nump">31<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue', window );">Weighted- Average Grant- Date Fair Value, Ending balance | $ / shares</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 21.50<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsForfeitedInPeriod">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The number of equity-based payment instruments, excluding stock (or unit) options, that were forfeited during the reporting period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(2)(iii)(03)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsForfeitedInPeriod</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsForfeituresWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Weighted average fair value as of the grant date of equity-based award plans other than stock (unit) option plans that were not exercised or put into effect as a result of the occurrence of a terminating event.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(2)(iii)(03)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsForfeituresWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The number of grants made during the period on other than stock (or unit) option plans (for example, phantom stock or unit plan, stock or unit appreciation rights plan, performance target plan).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(2)(iii)(01)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The weighted average fair value at grant date for nonvested equity-based awards issued during the period on other than stock (or unit) option plans (for example, phantom stock or unit plan, stock or unit appreciation rights plan, performance target plan).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(2)(iii)(01)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The number of non-vested equity-based payment instruments, excluding stock (or unit) options, that validly exist and are outstanding as of the balance sheet date.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(2)(i)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(2)(ii)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Per share or unit weighted-average fair value of nonvested award under share-based payment arrangement. Excludes share and unit options.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(2)(i)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(2)(ii)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriod">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The number of equity-based payment instruments, excluding stock (or unit) options, that vested during the reporting period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(2)(iii)(02)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriod</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The weighted average fair value as of grant date pertaining to an equity-based award plan other than a stock (or unit) option plan for which the grantee gained the right during the reporting period, by satisfying service and performance requirements, to receive or retain shares or units, other instruments, or cash in accordance with the terms of the arrangement.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(2)(iii)(02)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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</tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 35<br> -Paragraph 1D<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480483/718-10-35-1D<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 35<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480483/718-10-35-3<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)(1)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)(2)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)(3)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)(i)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)(ii)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI 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-SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(2)(iii)(02)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 19: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(2)(iii)(03)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 20: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (d)(1)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 21: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (d)(2)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> 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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.3</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm45266134634096">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="2" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Stock-Based Compensation (Details Narrative) - USD ($)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="4">1 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="4">12 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Jun. 01, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Feb. 21, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 21, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>May 17, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 05, 2022</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2020</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2020</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jun. 30, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jun. 30, 2022</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Feb. 28, 2022</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2022</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2021</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Feb. 25, 2025</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 13, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Nov. 30, 2022</div></th>
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<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems', window );"><strong>Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised', window );">Proceeds from stock options exercised</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 172,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 172,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 137,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueStockOptionsExercised', window );">Number of exercised of stock options, value</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 172,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 172,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">137,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber', window );">Number of non-vested shares, vesting</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">148,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">165,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriod', window );">Number of deferred stock units vested</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">40,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod', window );">Shares granted</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">25,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation', window );">Share based compensation</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 7,397,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 4,518,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,930,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationRequisiteServicePeriodRecognitionValue', window );">Stock based compensation</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">4,406,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">4,518,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,930,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis=us-gaap_SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpensesMember', window );">Selling, General and Administrative Expenses [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems', window );"><strong>Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation', window );">Share based compensation</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 7,015,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,913,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,871,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_LegalEntityAxis=IDT_NetTwophoneTwoZeroIncMember', window );">net2phone 2.0, Inc. [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems', window );"><strong>Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_RestrictedCommonStockWithholdingFromEmployeesOutstandingSharesPercentage', window );">Restricted common stock with holding employees outstanding shares percentage</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">4.50%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_LegalEntityAxis=IDT_NationalRetailSolutionsMember', window );">National Retail Solutions [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems', window );"><strong>Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_RestrictedCommonStockWithholdingFromEmployeesOutstandingSharesPercentage', window );">Restricted common stock with holding employees outstanding shares percentage</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0.17%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_LegalEntityAxis=IDT_NetTwoPhoneIncMember', window );">Net2phone, Inc. [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems', window );"><strong>Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_StockIssuedDuringPeriodPercentageOfOutstandingSharesRestrictedStockAwardGross', window );">Outstanding capital stock, percent</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">10.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesRestrictedStockAwardGross', window );">Stock Issued During Period, Shares, Restricted Stock Award, Gross</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">500,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_RestrictedStockContingentVestingArrangementsDescription', window );">Restricted stock vesting arrangement, description</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">The shares
entitle each grantee to proceeds only on a sale, spin-off, initial public offering, or other monetization of net2phone 2.0 and have protection
from dilution for the first $15 million invested in net2phone 2.0 following the grant.<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis=us-gaap_RestrictedStockMember', window );">Restricted Stock [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems', window );"><strong>Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardVestingRights', window );">Vesting description</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">Share awards generally vest on a graded basis over three years of service.<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedShareBasedAwardsOtherThanOptions', window );">Unrecognized compensation</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 300,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedPeriodForRecognition1', window );">Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Nonvested Award, Cost Not yet Recognized, Period for Recognition</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">10 months 24 days<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriodTotalFairValue', window );">Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Vested in Period, Fair Value</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 700,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">500,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,000,000.0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis=us-gaap_RestrictedStockMember', window );">Restricted Stock [Member] | National Retail Solutions [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems', window );"><strong>Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedShareBasedAwardsOtherThanOptions', window );">Unrecognized compensation</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,900,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_StockIssuedDuringPeriodRestrictedStockGrantDateFairValue', window );">Aggregate estimated fair value on grant date recognized over the vesting period</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 3,300,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis=us-gaap_RestrictedStockMember', window );">Restricted Stock [Member] | February 25, 2025 [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems', window );"><strong>Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardVestingRights', window );">Vesting description</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">There
are 24,000 non-vested restricted shares at July 31, 2024 included in the table above that will vest on February 25, 2025 only if the
Company&#8217;s Class B common stock closes above $50 per share for ten consecutive trading days prior to February 25, 2025, otherwise
the 24,000 restricted shares will be forfeited.<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber', window );">Number of non-vested shares, vesting</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">24,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNumberSubjectToSpecialTerms', window );">Number of non-vested shares special terms</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">24,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis=IDT_DeferredStockUnitsMember', window );">Deferred Stock Units [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems', window );"><strong>Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedShareBasedAwardsOtherThanOptions', window );">Unrecognized compensation</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 600,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedPeriodForRecognition1', window );">Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Nonvested Award, Cost Not yet Recognized, Period for Recognition</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">4 months 24 days<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriodTotalFairValue', window );">Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Vested in Period, Fair Value</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,100,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 900,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,600,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriodGrantDateFairValue', window );">Estimated fair value of DSUs on date of grant</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 5,400,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_TitleOfIndividualAxis=IDT_BoardOfDirectorsMember', window );">Board of Directors [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems', window );"><strong>Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharePrice', window );">Share price</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 25.45<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FinancialInstrumentAxis=us-gaap_StockOptionMember', window );">Equity Option [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems', window );"><strong>Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardVestingRights', window );">Vesting description</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">Option
awards generally vest on a graded basis over three years of service and had ten-year contractual terms.<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross', window );">Options granted</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised', window );">Proceeds from stock options exercised</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 200,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 200,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 100,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised', window );">Number of exercised of stock options shares</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">12,500<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">12,500<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">10,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodTotalIntrinsicValue', window );">Share-based compensation arrangement by share-based payment award, options, exercises in period, intrinsic value</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 100,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 200,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 19,700,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TypeOfArrangementAxis=IDT_AmendedAndRestatedEmploymentAgreementMember', window );">Amended And Restated Employment Agreement [Member] | Selling, General and Administrative Expenses [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems', window );"><strong>Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation', window );">Share based compensation</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 4,100,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember', window );">Common Class B [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems', window );"><strong>Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber', window );">Number of non-vested shares, vesting</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">31,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">25,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriod', window );">Number of deferred stock units vested</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">18,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod', window );">Shares granted</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">25,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues', window );">Issuance of shares</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">192,433<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember', window );">Common Class B [Member] | net2phone 2.0, Inc. [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems', window );"><strong>Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod', window );">Shares granted</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">50,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PaymentsRelatedToTaxWithholdingForShareBasedCompensation', window );">Offsetting income tax withholding liability</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 3,600,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_PaymentsRelatedToTaxWithholdingForShareBasedCompensationDecreaseInAdditionalPaidInCapital', window );">Decrease in additional paid-in capital</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,610,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_PaymentsRelatedToTaxWithholdingForShareBasedCompensationIncreaseInNoncontrollingInterests', window );">Increase in non controlling interests</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 53,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember', window );">Common Class B [Member] | National Retail Solutions [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems', window );"><strong>Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PaymentsRelatedToTaxWithholdingForShareBasedCompensation', window );">Offsetting income tax withholding liability</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">$ 600,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 600,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_PaymentsRelatedToTaxWithholdingForShareBasedCompensationDecreaseInNoncontrollingInterests', window );">Decrease in non controlling interests</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">21,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_PaymentsRelatedToTaxWithholdingForShareBasedCompensationDecreaseInAdditionalPaidInCapital', window );">Decrease in additional paid-in capital</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">$ 600,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember', window );">Common Class B [Member] | Deferred Stock Units [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems', window );"><strong>Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriod', window );">Number of deferred stock units vested</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,333<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,333<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,334<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod', window );">Shares granted</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">4,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember', window );">Common Class B [Member] | Deferred Stock Units [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems', window );"><strong>Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardDescription', window );">Deferred stock units, description</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">On
November 30, 2022, the Company adopted an equity incentive program (under the 2015 Plan) in the form of grants of DSUs that, upon vesting,
will entitle the grantees to receive shares of the Company&#8217;s Class B common stock. The number of shares that will be issuable on
each vesting date will vary between 50% to 200% of the number of DSUs that vest on that vesting date, depending on the market price for
the underlying Class B common stock on the vesting date relative to the base price approved by the Compensation Committee of the Company&#8217;s
Board of Directors of $25.45 per share (which was based on the market price at the time of the initial grants under this program). On
February 21, 2024 and on May 17, 2023, in accordance with the program and based on certain elections made by grantees, the Company issued
53,706 and 41,945 shares, respectively, of its Class B common stock for vested DSUs. Subject to continued full time employment or other
services to the Company, the remaining 147,540 DSUs are scheduled to vest on February 25, 2025, the final vesting date under the program.
The Company estimated that the fair value of the DSUs on the date of grants was an aggregate of $5.4 million, which is being recognized
on a graded vesting basis over the requisite service periods ending in February 2025. The Company used a risk neutral Monte Carlo simulation
method in its valuation of the DSUs, which simulated the range of possible future values of the Company&#8217;s Class B common stock
over the life of the DSUs.<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriod', window );">Number of deferred stock units vested</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">53,706<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">41,945<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">301,296<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember', window );">Common Class B [Member] | Deferred Stock Units [Member] | Forecast [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems', window );"><strong>Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber', window );">Number of non-vested shares, vesting</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">147,540<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember', window );">Common Class B [Member] | Howard S Jonas [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems', window );"><strong>Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised', window );">Number of exercised of stock options shares</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,000,000.0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionExercisePrice', window );">Exercise price of stock options</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 14.93<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardExpirationDate', window );">Stock option expiration date</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">May  01,  2022<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesUsedForStockOptionsExercised', window );">Number of exercised of stock options shares</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">528,635<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueStockOptionsExercised', window );">Number of exercised of stock options, value</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 14,900,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesUsedForTaxWithholding', window );">Number of shares issued</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">137,364<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TreasuryStockValueAcquiredCostMethod', window );">Number of shares issued, value</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 3,900,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember', window );">Common Class B [Member] | Employee [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems', window );"><strong>Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod', window );">Shares granted</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">15,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation', window );">Share based compensation</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 400,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember', window );">Common Class B [Member] | 2024 Equity Incentive Plan [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems', window );"><strong>Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAuthorized', window );">Number of shares, grant</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">250,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember', window );">Common Class B [Member] | 2015 Stock Option and Incentive Plan [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems', window );"><strong>Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfAdditionalSharesAuthorized', window );">Additional number of shares authorized</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">250,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">50,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">175,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember', window );">Common Class B [Member] | Amended And Restated Employment Agreement [Member] | net2phone 2.0, Inc. [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems', window );"><strong>Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod', window );">Shares granted</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">50,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember', window );">Common Class B [Member] | Amended And Restated Employment Agreement [Member] | Bill Pereira [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems', window );"><strong>Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues', window );">Issuance of shares</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">39,155<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues', window );">Issuance of shares value</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,500,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_StockToBeIssuedForMilestoneSharesNewIssues', window );">Stock to be issued for milestone shares</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">39,155<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember', window );">Common Class B [Member] | Amended And Restated Employment Agreement [Member] | Bill Pereira [Member] | Deferred Stock Units [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems', window );"><strong>Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod', window );">Shares granted</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">23,500<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=IDT_NRSCommonClassBMember', window );">NRS Common Class B [Member] | National Retail Solutions [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems', window );"><strong>Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_StockIssuedDuringPeriodPercentageOfOutstandingSharesRestrictedStockAwardGross', window );">Outstanding capital stock, percent</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1.20%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0.40%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationRequisiteServicePeriodRecognitionValue', window );">Stock based compensation</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,200,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="19"></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="19"><table class="outerFootnotes" width="100%"><tr class="outerFootnote">
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 12pt;" valign="top">[1]</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;" valign="top"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Stock-based
  compensation included in: Technology and development expense &amp; Selling, general and administrative expense</span></td>
</tr></table></td></tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_PaymentsRelatedToTaxWithholdingForShareBasedCompensationDecreaseInAdditionalPaidInCapital">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Payments related to tax withholding for share based compensation decrease in additional paid in capital.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_PaymentsRelatedToTaxWithholdingForShareBasedCompensationDecreaseInAdditionalPaidInCapital</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_PaymentsRelatedToTaxWithholdingForShareBasedCompensationDecreaseInNoncontrollingInterests">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Payments related to tax withholding for share based compensation decrease in noncontrolling interests.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_PaymentsRelatedToTaxWithholdingForShareBasedCompensationDecreaseInNoncontrollingInterests</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_PaymentsRelatedToTaxWithholdingForShareBasedCompensationIncreaseInNoncontrollingInterests">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Payments related to tax withholding for share based compensation increase in noncontrolling interests.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_PaymentsRelatedToTaxWithholdingForShareBasedCompensationIncreaseInNoncontrollingInterests</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_RestrictedCommonStockWithholdingFromEmployeesOutstandingSharesPercentage">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Restricted common stock with holding employees outstanding shares percentage.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_RestrictedCommonStockWithholdingFromEmployeesOutstandingSharesPercentage</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_RestrictedStockContingentVestingArrangementsDescription">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Grant of restricted equity description.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_RestrictedStockContingentVestingArrangementsDescription</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriodGrantDateFairValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Share-based compensation arrangement by share-based payment award equity instruments other than options grants in period grant date fair value</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriodGrantDateFairValue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNumberSubjectToSpecialTerms">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Share based compensation arrangement by share based payment award equity instruments other than options number subject to special terms.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNumberSubjectToSpecialTerms</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionExercisePrice">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Share based compensation arrangements by share based payment award option exercise price.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionExercisePrice</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_StockIssuedDuringPeriodPercentageOfOutstandingSharesRestrictedStockAwardGross">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Common stock outstanding percentage.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_StockIssuedDuringPeriodPercentageOfOutstandingSharesRestrictedStockAwardGross</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_StockIssuedDuringPeriodRestrictedStockGrantDateFairValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Aggregate estimated fair value on grant date recognized over the vesting period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_StockIssuedDuringPeriodRestrictedStockGrantDateFairValue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesUsedForStockOptionsExercised">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Stock issued during period shares used for stock options exercised.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesUsedForStockOptionsExercised</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesUsedForTaxWithholding">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Stock issued during period shares used for tax withholding.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesUsedForTaxWithholding</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_StockToBeIssuedForMilestoneSharesNewIssues">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Stock to be issued for milestone shares.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_StockToBeIssuedForMilestoneSharesNewIssues</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationRequisiteServicePeriodRecognitionValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of increase to additional paid-in capital (APIC) for recognition of cost for award under share-based payment arrangement.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 35<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480483/718-10-35-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481089/718-20-55-13<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 12<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481089/718-20-55-12<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationRequisiteServicePeriodRecognitionValue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedPeriodForRecognition1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Weighted-average period over which cost not yet recognized is expected to be recognized for award under share-based payment arrangement, in 'PnYnMnDTnHnMnS' format, for example, 'P1Y5M13D' represents reported fact of one year, five months, and thirteen days.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (i)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedPeriodForRecognition1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:durationItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedShareBasedAwardsOtherThanOptions">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cost to be recognized for nonvested award under share-based payment arrangement. Excludes share and unit options.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (i)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedShareBasedAwardsOtherThanOptions</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PaymentsRelatedToTaxWithholdingForShareBasedCompensation">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash outflow to satisfy grantee's tax withholding obligation for award under share-based payment arrangement.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 15<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-15<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PaymentsRelatedToTaxWithholdingForShareBasedCompensation</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash inflow from exercise of option under share-based payment arrangement.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 14<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 230<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-14<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2A<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 718<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2A<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of noncash expense for share-based payment arrangement.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 230<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-28<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardVestingRights">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Description of service or performance condition required to be met for earning right to award under share-based payment arrangement. Includes, but is not limited to, combination of market, performance or service condition.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)(1)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardVestingRights</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardDescription">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Description of terms of share-based payment arrangement. Includes, but is not limited to, type of award or grantee and reason for issuance.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardDescription</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The number of grants made during the period on other than stock (or unit) option plans (for example, phantom stock or unit plan, stock or unit appreciation rights plan, performance target plan).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(2)(iii)(01)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The number of non-vested equity-based payment instruments, excluding stock (or unit) options, that validly exist and are outstanding as of the balance sheet date.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(2)(i)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(2)(ii)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriod">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The number of equity-based payment instruments, excluding stock (or unit) options, that vested during the reporting period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(2)(iii)(02)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriod</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriodTotalFairValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Fair value of share-based awards for which the grantee gained the right by satisfying service and performance requirements, to receive or retain shares or units, other instruments, or cash.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (d)(2)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriodTotalFairValue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardExpirationDate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Date the equity-based award expires, in YYYY-MM-DD format.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)(2)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardExpirationDate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:dateItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 35<br> -Paragraph 1D<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480483/718-10-35-1D<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 35<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480483/718-10-35-3<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)(1)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name 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-Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (f)(2)(ii)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 26: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (f)(2)(iii)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 27: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (f)(2)(iv)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 28: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (f)(2)(v)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI 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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfAdditionalSharesAuthorized">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of additional shares authorized for issuance under share-based payment arrangement.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfAdditionalSharesAuthorized</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<tr>
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</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of shares authorized for issuance under share-based payment arrangement.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)(3)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAuthorized</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodTotalIntrinsicValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of accumulated difference between fair value of underlying shares on dates of exercise and exercise price on options exercised (or share units converted) into shares.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (d)(2)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodTotalIntrinsicValue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Gross number of share options (or share units) granted during the period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)(iv)(01)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SharePrice">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Price of a single share of a number of saleable stocks of a company.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SharePrice</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of new stock issued during the period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 505<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(28))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 505<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478448/946-505-50-2<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-09(4)(b))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479134/946-220-S99-3<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-03(i)(1))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479886/946-10-S99-3<br><br>Reference 7: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480008/505-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesRestrictedStockAwardGross">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Total number of shares issued during the period, including shares forfeited, as a result of Restricted Stock Awards.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 505<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480008/505-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesRestrictedStockAwardGross</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of share options (or share units) exercised during the current period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 505<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(28))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)(iv)(02)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 5: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480008/505-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Equity impact of the value of new stock issued during the period. Includes shares issued in an initial public offering or a secondary public offering.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 505<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(28))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 830<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 11<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479168/946-830-55-11<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 205<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478009/946-205-45-4<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 505<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478448/946-505-50-2<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-09(4)(b))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479134/946-220-S99-3<br><br>Reference 8: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480008/505-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Value of stock issued as a result of the exercise of stock options.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 505<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(30))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(31))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 5: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480008/505-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueStockOptionsExercised</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Equity impact of the cost of common and preferred stock that were repurchased during the period. Recorded using the cost method.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 505<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480008/505-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481549/505-30-45-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_TreasuryStockValueAcquiredCostMethod</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_LegalEntityAxis=IDT_NationalRetailSolutionsMember</td>
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<td></td>
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<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_LegalEntityAxis=IDT_NetTwoPhoneIncMember</td>
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<td></td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_TypeOfArrangementAxis=IDT_TwoThousandFifteenStockOptionAndIncentivePlanMember</td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.3</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm45266143710512">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Schedule of Accumulated Balances for Each Classification of Other Comprehensive Income Income (Loss) (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="3">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2022</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossLineItems', window );"><strong>Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax', window );">Ending balance</a></td>
<td class="num">$ (17,192)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (11,305)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (10,183)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax', window );">Other comprehensive loss attributable to IDT Corporation</a></td>
<td class="num">(950)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(5,887)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1,122)<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax', window );">Ending balance</a></td>
<td class="num">(18,142)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(17,192)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(11,305)<span></span>
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<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis=us-gaap_AccumulatedNetUnrealizedInvestmentGainLossMember', window );">AOCI, Accumulated Gain (Loss), Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Parent [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossLineItems', window );"><strong>Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax', window );">Ending balance</a></td>
<td class="num">(645)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(546)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(9)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax', window );">Other comprehensive loss attributable to IDT Corporation</a></td>
<td class="nump">265<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(99)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(537)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax', window );">Ending balance</a></td>
<td class="num">(380)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(645)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(546)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis=us-gaap_AccumulatedTranslationAdjustmentMember', window );">Accumulated Foreign Currency Adjustment Attributable to Parent [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossLineItems', window );"><strong>Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax', window );">Ending balance</a></td>
<td class="num">(16,547)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(10,759)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(10,174)<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax', window );">Other comprehensive loss attributable to IDT Corporation</a></td>
<td class="num">(1,215)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(5,788)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(585)<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax', window );">Ending balance</a></td>
<td class="num">$ (17,762)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (16,547)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (10,759)<span></span>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482765/220-10-50-4<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482765/220-10-50-5<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 830<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481674/830-30-50-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 830<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 17<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481694/830-30-45-17<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 830<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 20<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481694/830-30-45-20<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 830<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 20<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481694/830-30-45-20<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 830<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 20<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481694/830-30-45-20<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 830<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 20<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481694/830-30-45-20<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossLineItems</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, after tax, of accumulated increase (decrease) in equity from transaction and other event and circumstance from nonowner source.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 14A<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482790/220-10-45-14A<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 11<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482790/220-10-45-11<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 65<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (g)(2)(ii)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480016/944-40-65-2<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 65<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (h)(2)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480016/944-40-65-2<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(30)(a)(4))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(23)(a)(3))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478777/944-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 7: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 14<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482790/220-10-45-14<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax</td>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount after tax and reclassification adjustments of other comprehensive income (loss).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 505<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483443/250-10-50-6<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 830<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481674/830-30-50-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 830<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 17<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481694/830-30-45-17<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-04(19))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477250/944-220-S99-1<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482765/220-10-50-4<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482765/220-10-50-5<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 830<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 20<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481694/830-30-45-20<br><br>Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(21))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483621/220-10-S99-2<br><br>Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-04(23))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478524/942-220-S99-1<br><br>Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482790/220-10-45-1B<br><br>Reference 12: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 15<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 220<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482739/220-10-55-15<br><br>Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482790/220-10-45-1A<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax</td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.3</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm45266255590992">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Commitments and Contingencies (Details Narrative) - USD ($)<br> $ in Millions</strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2023</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProductLiabilityContingencyLineItems', window );"><strong>Product Liability Contingency [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesCurrentAndNoncurrent', window );">Accrued liabilities</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 25.9<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 26.8<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PurchaseObligation', window );">Purchase obligation</a></td>
<td class="nump">2.9<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_PerformanceBondsOutstanding', window );">Performance bonds outstanding</a></td>
<td class="nump">32.4<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 27.1<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis=IDT_FederalTelecommunicationsRelayServicesFundMember', window );">Federal Telecommunications Relay Services Fund [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProductLiabilityContingencyLineItems', window );"><strong>Product Liability Contingency [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LossContingencyEstimateOfPossibleLoss', window );">Final decision imposed</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 2.9<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_PerformanceBondsOutstanding">
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>In certain circumstances, the company is required to provide performance bonds in connection with its contractual commitments. Company has indemnified the surety for any expenses paid out under these performance bonds.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_PerformanceBondsOutstanding</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
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</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesCurrentAndNoncurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Carrying value as of the balance sheet date of obligations incurred and payable, pertaining to costs that are statutory in nature, are incurred on contractual obligations, or accumulate over time and for which invoices have not yet been received or will not be rendered. Examples include taxes, interest, rent and utilities.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-03(15)(5))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478546/942-210-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesCurrentAndNoncurrent</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LossContingencyEstimateOfPossibleLoss">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Reflects the estimated amount of loss from the specified contingency as of the balance sheet date.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 720<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483359/720-20-50-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 460<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 27<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482395/460-10-55-27<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 450<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 9<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483076/450-20-50-9<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 450<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483076/450-20-50-4<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 460<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482425/460-10-50-3<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 460<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482425/460-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LossContingencyEstimateOfPossibleLoss</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 450<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483076/450-20-50-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 450<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 5.Y.Q2)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480102/450-20-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 450<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483076/450-20-50-4<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 450<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 9<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483076/450-20-50-9<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ProductLiabilityContingencyLineItems</td>
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<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
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<td>na</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Minimum amount of purchase arrangement in which the entity has agreed to expend funds to procure goods or services from a supplier.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PurchaseObligation</td>
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<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis=IDT_FederalTelecommunicationsRelayServicesFundMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_ProductOrServiceAxis=IDT_FederalTelecommunicationsRelayServicesFundMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.3</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm45266148831536">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Related Party Transactions (Details Narrative) - USD ($)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="3">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2022</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionLineItems', window );"><strong>Related Party Transaction [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_RelatedPartyTransactionLeaseAnnualRentPaymentsToRelatedParty', window );">Annual rent payment</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 18,600<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionAxis=IDT_MasonAndCompanyConsultingMember', window );">Mason and Co [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionLineItems', window );"><strong>Related Party Transaction [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingCostsAndExpenses', window );">Commissions and fees from payment by company</a></td>
<td class="nump">57,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 62,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 76,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=IDT_RafaelSpinOffMember', window );">Rafael Spin Off [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionLineItems', window );"><strong>Related Party Transaction [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CostsAndExpensesRelatedParty', window );">Costs and expenses, related party</a></td>
<td class="nump">300,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">300,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">300,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherReceivablesNetCurrent', window );">Outstanding net loan receivable from employees</a></td>
<td class="nump">100,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">100,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=IDT_GenieAndSubsidiarieMember', window );">Genie and Subsidiarie [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionLineItems', window );"><strong>Related Party Transaction [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CostsAndExpensesRelatedParty', window );">Costs and expenses, related party</a></td>
<td class="nump">900,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,200,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,300,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherReceivablesNetCurrent', window );">Outstanding net loan receivable from employees</a></td>
<td class="nump">300,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">200,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=IDT_JonasMember', window );">Jonas Media Group [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionLineItems', window );"><strong>Related Party Transaction [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherReceivablesNetCurrent', window );">Outstanding net loan receivable from employees</a></td>
<td class="nump">5,300<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">4,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_RelatedPartyTransactionBillingsToRelatedPartyForServices', window );">Receivable from subsidiaries included in services</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,300<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 2,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=IDT_EmployeesMember', window );">Employees [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionLineItems', window );"><strong>Related Party Transaction [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherReceivablesNetCurrent', window );">Outstanding net loan receivable from employees</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 500,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 500,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_RelatedPartyTransactionBillingsToRelatedPartyForServices">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Related party transaction billings to related party for services.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_RelatedPartyTransactionBillingsToRelatedPartyForServices</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_RelatedPartyTransactionLeaseAnnualRentPaymentsToRelatedParty">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Related party transaction lease annual rent payments to related party.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_RelatedPartyTransactionLeaseAnnualRentPaymentsToRelatedParty</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CostsAndExpensesRelatedParty">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Costs of sales and operating expenses for the period incurred from transactions with related parties.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(2))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483621/220-10-S99-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CostsAndExpensesRelatedParty</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingCostsAndExpenses">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Generally recurring costs associated with normal operations except for the portion of these expenses which can be clearly related to production and included in cost of sales or services. Excludes Selling, General and Administrative Expense.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingCostsAndExpenses</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherReceivablesNetCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, after allowance, of receivables classified as other, due within one year or the operating cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherReceivablesNetCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 310<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481990/310-10-45-13<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-07(2)(c)(2)(i))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479134/946-220-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-07(2)(c)(2)(ii))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479134/946-220-S99-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-07(2)(g)(3))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479134/946-220-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionAxis=IDT_MasonAndCompanyConsultingMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionAxis=IDT_MasonAndCompanyConsultingMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=IDT_RafaelSpinOffMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=IDT_RafaelSpinOffMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=IDT_GenieAndSubsidiarieMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=IDT_GenieAndSubsidiarieMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=IDT_JonasMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=IDT_JonasMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=IDT_EmployeesMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=IDT_EmployeesMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<SEQUENCE>138
<FILENAME>R122.htm
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<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.3</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm45266134544336">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Defined Contribution Plans (Details Narrative) - USD ($)<br> $ in Millions</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="3">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2022</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CompensationAndRetirementDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>Retirement Benefits [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedContributionPlanCostRecognized', window );">Defined contribution plan, cost</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 1.0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1.1<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1.0<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
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<div style="display: none;">
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CompensationAndRetirementDisclosureAbstract</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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</table></div>
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</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DefinedContributionPlanCostRecognized">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cost for defined contribution plan.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 715<br> -SubTopic 70<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480794/715-70-50-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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definitive proxy statement relating to the registrant&#x2019;s Annual Meeting of Stockholders, to be held December 12, 2024, is incorporated
by reference into Part III of this Form 10-K to the extent described therein.</dei:DocumentsIncorporatedByReferenceTextBlock>
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as of July 31, 2024 and 2023, the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, equity, and cash flows for each of
the three years in the period ended July 31, 2024, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the &#x201c;financial statements&#x201d;).
In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of July 31,
2024 and 2023, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended July 31, 2024, in
conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;We
also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (&#x201c;PCAOB&#x201d;),
the Company&#x2019;s internal control over financial reporting as of July 31, 2024, based on criteria established in the 2013 &lt;i&gt;Internal
Control&#x2014;Integrated Framework&lt;/i&gt; issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (&#x201c;COSO&#x201d;),
and our report dated October 15, 2024 expressed an unqualified opinion.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

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&lt;p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Description
of Business&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;IDT
Corporation (the &#x201c;Company&#x201d;) is a provider of point-of-sale (&#x201c;POS&#x201d;) terminal-based solutions, international
money remittances and other financial technology, or fintech, offerings, cloud communications, and traditional communications
services. The Company has &lt;span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--NumberOfReportableSegments_pid_dc_uSegments_c20230801__20240731_z6sCzBC9b5dk" title="Number of reportable segments"&gt;four&lt;/span&gt;
reportable business segments, National Retail Solutions (&#x201c;NRS&#x201d;), Fintech, net2phone (which comprises our cloud communications offerings), and Traditional
Communications.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;As
of July 31, 2024, the Company owned &lt;span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent_iI_pid_dp_uPure_c20240731__srt--OwnershipAxis__custom--NetTwophoneTwoZeroIncMember_zsFOeLmdiGZk" title="Ownership percentage"&gt;94.0&lt;/span&gt;% of the outstanding shares of its subsidiary, net2phone 2.0, Inc. (&#x201c;net2phone 2.0&#x201d;),
which owns and operates the net2phone segment, and &lt;span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent_iI_pid_dp_uPure_c20240731__srt--OwnershipAxis__custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember_zOyjiiv0Vny4" title="Ownership percentage"&gt;81.5&lt;/span&gt;% of the outstanding shares of NRS, and, on a fully diluted basis assuming all
the vesting criteria related to various rights granted have been met, the Company would own &lt;span id="xdx_900_ecustom--FullyDilutedMinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent_pid_dp_uPure_c20230801__20240731__srt--OwnershipAxis__custom--NetTwophoneTwoZeroIncMember_zccJlDWqGtIa" title="Fully diluted basis assuming vesting, percentage"&gt;90.0&lt;/span&gt;% of net2phone
2.0 and &lt;span id="xdx_900_ecustom--FullyDilutedMinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent_pid_dp_uPure_c20230801__20240731__srt--OwnershipAxis__custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember_zTUp3OHmrnSg" title="Fully diluted basis assuming vesting, percentage"&gt;79.3&lt;/span&gt;% of NRS.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_84F_eus-gaap--ConsolidationPolicyTextBlock_z6kaXGSxngS1" style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_869_zMVeOkFruog"&gt;Basis
of Consolidation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
method of accounting applied to long-term investments, whether consolidated, equity or cost, involves an evaluation of the significant
terms of each investment that explicitly grant or suggest evidence of control or influence over the operations of the entity in which the Company owns an interest and includes
the identification of any variable interests in which the Company is the primary beneficiary. The consolidated financial statements include
the Company&#x2019;s controlled subsidiaries and the variable interest entity in which the Company is the primary beneficiary (see Note
13). All significant intercompany accounts and transactions between the consolidated entities are eliminated.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_841_eus-gaap--UseOfEstimates_z8ogqz5OdpP6" style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_866_zSIs61iy3ZQb"&gt;Use
of Estimates&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (&#x201c;U.S.
GAAP&#x201d;) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying
notes. Actual results may differ from those estimates.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_84A_eus-gaap--PriorPeriodReclassificationAdjustmentDescription_ztC0ETtrrHxi" style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_86A_zFIvysppyYP"&gt;Reclassifications&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;From
and after August 1, 2023, the Company includes depreciation and amortization in &#x201c;Direct cost of revenues&#x201d; and &#x201c;Selling,
general and administrative&#x201d; expense and is reporting gross profit in accordance with U.S. GAAP in the consolidated statements
of income. Prior to August 1, 2023, depreciation and amortization was a separate caption in the consolidated statements of income.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;From
and after February 1, 2024, the Company reclassified most of its technology and development expenses from &#x201c;Selling, general and
administrative&#x201d; expense to a new &#x201c;Technology and development&#x201d; expense caption in the consolidated statements of income
and reclassified an amount that was immaterial in all periods to &#x201c;Direct cost of revenues.&#x201d; &#x201c;Technology and development&#x201d;
expense consists primarily of personnel-related expenses for employees involved in the research, design, development, and maintenance
of both new and existing technology products and services, including salaries, benefits, and stock-based compensation. &#x201c;Technology
and development&#x201d; expense also includes costs for software licenses, subscription services, and other companywide technology tools
dedicated for use by the Company&#x2019;s technology and development teams. The costs of third-party contractors that support the Company&#x2019;s
technology and development are also included. &#x201c;Technology and development&#x201d; expense also includes the costs of product and
engineering teams used to support the development of both internal infrastructure and internal-use software, to the extent such costs
do not qualify for capitalization. The expenses reclassified to &#x201c;Direct cost of revenues&#x201d; are the costs of cloud computing
arrangements hosted by a vendor in the production environment incurred by the net2phone segment and NRS, and net2phone&#x2019;s colocation
costs for data centers where net2phone is not fully operational in the cloud. Finally, depreciation and amortization of capitalized internal
use software costs was reclassified from &#x201c;Selling, general and administrative&#x201d; expense to &#x201c;Technology and development&#x201d;
expense.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_89F_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfErrorCorrectionsAndPriorPeriodAdjustmentsTextBlock_zxTzxw3XLB0j" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
following table shows the amounts that were reclassified in fiscal 2023 and fiscal 2022 to conform to the current year&#x2019;s presentation:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;span id="xdx_8B6_z6ud8mTfybRj" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule
of Amount that were Reclassified&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"&gt;Year ended July 31 &lt;br/&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_491_20220801__20230731_zJEWlhtMsoUb" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_495_20210801__20220731_z5WM4imWLJpg" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2022&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;Selling, general and administrative expense reclassified to:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense_hsrt--RestatementAxis__srt--ScenarioPreviouslyReportedMember__srt--ProductOrServiceAxis__custom--DirectCostOfRevenuesMember_ziQ3FRDz0Rf8" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; width: 60%; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Direct cost of revenues&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 16%; text-align: right"&gt;1,364&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 16%; text-align: right"&gt;1,113&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_406_eus-gaap--SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense_hsrt--RestatementAxis__srt--ScenarioPreviouslyReportedMember__srt--ProductOrServiceAxis__custom--TechnologyAndDevelopmentExpenseMember_zKtJfXgmfxbf" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Technology and development expense&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;35,230&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;34,935&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense_hsrt--RestatementAxis__srt--ScenarioPreviouslyReportedMember__srt--ProductOrServiceAxis__custom--TechnologyAndDevelopmentExpenseMember_zzG26jWfQkgf" style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Selling,
    general and administrative expense&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;35,230&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;34,935&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Depreciation and amortization expense reclassified to:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--DepreciationAndAmortization_hsrt--RestatementAxis__srt--ScenarioPreviouslyReportedMember__us-gaap--IncomeStatementLocationAxis__custom--DirectCostOfRevenuesMember_zx93ECVMAltj" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Direct cost of revenues&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;4,516&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;3,516&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--DepreciationAndAmortization_hsrt--RestatementAxis__srt--ScenarioPreviouslyReportedMember__us-gaap--IncomeStatementLocationAxis__us-gaap--SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpensesMember_zIewBddravg3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Selling, general and administrative expense&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2,862&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2,489&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_404_eus-gaap--DepreciationAndAmortization_hsrt--RestatementAxis__srt--ScenarioPreviouslyReportedMember__us-gaap--IncomeStatementLocationAxis__custom--TechnologyAndDevelopmentExpenseMember_zEvuyCUUDEgl" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Technology and development expense&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;12,758&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;12,110&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_403_eus-gaap--DepreciationAndAmortization_hsrt--RestatementAxis__srt--ScenarioPreviouslyReportedMember__us-gaap--IncomeStatementLocationAxis__custom--TechnologyAndDevelopmentExpenseMember_zVu48QfOx2Kj" style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Depreciation
    and amortization expense&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;12,758&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;12,110&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_8AB_z52yrA3wsYI7" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_849_eus-gaap--InvestmentPolicyTextBlock_zr6Oj41Lthzg" style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_860_zxLqPagFopE2"&gt;Accounting
for Investments&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Investments
in businesses that the Company does not control, but in which the Company has the ability to exercise significant influence over operating
and financial matters, are accounted for using the equity method. Investments in which the Company does not have the ability to exercise
significant influence over operating and financial matters are accounted for using the cost method. Investments in hedge funds are accounted
for using the equity method unless the Company&#x2019;s interest is so minor that it has virtually no influence over operating and financial
policies, in which case these investments are accounted for using the cost method. The Company periodically evaluates its equity and
cost method investments for impairment due to declines considered to be other than temporary. If the Company determines that a decline
in fair value is other than temporary, then a charge to earnings is recorded in &#x201c;Other expense, net&#x201d; in the accompanying
consolidated statements of income, and a new basis in the investment is established.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_84B_eus-gaap--RevenueRecognitionPolicyTextBlock_zLfuLdvGcynd" style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_867_zaIxA1iaMjO"&gt;Revenue
Recognition&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company recognizes revenue upon the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration
to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services, in accordance with a five-step process as follows:
(i) identify the contract(s) with a customer, (ii) identify the performance obligations in the contract(s), (iii) determine the transaction
price, (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract(s), and (v) recognize revenue when, or as,
the Company satisfies a performance obligation.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_848_eus-gaap--CostOfSalesPolicyTextBlock_zvt18dfdZ2V2" style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_868_zVYGnxOcLec1"&gt;Direct
Cost of Revenues&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Direct
cost of revenues consists primarily of termination and origination costs, toll-free costs, and network costs&#x2014;including
customer/carrier interconnect charges and fiber circuit charges. These costs include an estimate of charges for which invoices have
not yet been received, and estimated amounts for pending disputes with other carriers. Direct cost of revenues also includes the
cost of airtime top-up minutes, the cost of NRS&#x2019; POS terminals sold, the costs of cloud computing arrangements hosted by a
vendor in the production environment incurred by the net2phone segment and NRS, net2phone&#x2019;s colocation costs for data centers
where net2phone is not fully operational in the cloud, net2phone&#x2019;s cost of equipment sold, and commissions paid to
disbursement agents, sales agents, and retailers for BOSS Money&#x2019;s originations and distributions.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_84F_eus-gaap--CashAndCashEquivalentsPolicyTextBlock_zHygsWVFyZC4" style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_867_zoIJ8rpLmBtc"&gt;Cash
and Cash Equivalents&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company considers all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_84B_eus-gaap--MarketableSecuritiesPolicy_zqju8xfY10nk" style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_86C_z2UVk5Ugawv9"&gt;Debt
Securities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company&#x2019;s investments in debt securities are classified as &#x201c;available-for-sale.&#x201d; Available-for-sale debt securities
are required to be carried at their fair value, with unrealized gains that are considered temporary in nature recorded in &#x201c;Accumulated
other comprehensive loss&#x201d; in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. On August 1, 2023, the Company adopted Accounting Standards
Update (&#x201c;ASU&#x201d;) No. 2016-13, &lt;i&gt;Financial Instruments&#x2014;Credit Losses (Topic 326)&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Measurement of Credit Losses
on Financial Instruments.&lt;/i&gt; For available-for-sale debt securities with unrealized losses, ASU 2016-13 replaced the concept of &#x201c;other-than-temporary&#x201d;
impairment with a determination whether any impairment is a result of a credit loss or other factors. The portion of the unrealized loss
that is the result of a credit loss is recognized as an allowance and a corresponding expense recorded in &#x201c;Other expense, net&#x201d;
in the consolidated statement of income. Unrealized loss that is not the result of a credit loss is recorded in &#x201c;Accumulated other
comprehensive loss&#x201d; in the consolidated balance sheets. The adoption of the new standard did not have a material impact on the
Company&#x2019;s consolidated financial statements, and it was not necessary to record a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings
as of August 1, 2023.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company uses the specific identification method in computing the gross realized gains and gross realized losses on the sales of debt
securities.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_84A_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestmentsPolicy_zvaYlqWqGYwd" style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_86D_zVGqGjvzoGK7"&gt;Equity
Investments&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Investments
in equity securities (except those accounted for under the equity method or that result in consolidation) are measured at fair value,
with changes in fair value recognized in net income. For investments in equity securities without a readily determinable fair value,
the Company elects the measurement alternative and measures these investments at cost, less any impairment, plus or minus changes resulting
from observable price changes in orderly transactions for an identical or similar investment of the same issuer. At each reporting date,
the Company reassesses whether the investment still qualifies for this measurement alternative. Further, at each reporting date, the
Company performs a qualitative assessment to evaluate whether the investment is impaired. If the qualitative assessment indicates that
the investment is impaired and the fair value of the investment is less than its carrying value, the carrying amount of the investment
will be reduced and the resulting loss recognized in &#x201c;Other expense, net&#x201d; in the accompanying consolidated statements of
income in the period the impairment is identified.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;On
August 1, 2024, the Company adopted ASU No. 2022-03, &lt;i&gt;Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820)&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Fair Value Measurement of Equity Securities
Subject to Contractual Sale Restrictions,&lt;/i&gt; that clarifies that a contractual restriction on the sale of an equity security is not
considered part of the unit of account of the equity security and, therefore, is not considered in measuring fair value. The ASU also
requires specific disclosures related to equity securities that are subject to contractual sales restrictions. The adoption of the new
standard did not have a material impact on the Company&#x2019;s consolidated financial statements.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_84F_ecustom--SettlementsAssetsAndLiabilitiesPolicyTextBlock_zjjCPja8bUoa" style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_860_zYC74SAermfh"&gt;Settlement
Assets and Settlement Liabilities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Settlement
assets represent funds to be received for unsettled international money remittance and related value/payment transfer services. The receivables
are due from financial institutions and agents for payment instruments sold and amounts advanced by the Company to certain agents for
operational and local regulatory purposes. These receivables are outstanding from the day of the sale of the payment instrument until
the financial institution or agent remits the funds to the Company. The Company provides an allowance for the portion of the receivable
estimated to become uncollectible based on its history of collection experience, known collection issues, consumer credit card chargebacks
and insufficient funds, and other matters the Company identifies in its routine collection monitoring.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Settlement
liabilities represent obligations relating to amounts payable under international money remittance and related value/payment transfer
services. These obligations are recognized by the Company at the time the underlying transaction occurs. The Company records corresponding
settlement assets for the funds to be received.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_84E_ecustom--DisbursementPrefundingPolicyTextBlock_zMt8yKbdK8bg" style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_86D_ziXcOMtpaLee"&gt;Disbursement
Prefunding&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company maintains relationships with disbursement partners in various countries for its BOSS Money and IDT Digital Payments services.
The Company maintains prefunding balances with these disbursement partners, so they can satisfy the Company&#x2019;s customer liabilities.
The Company does not earn interest on these balances. The balances are not compensating balances and are not legally restricted.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_847_eus-gaap--InventoryPolicyTextBlock_zYonBBRzZAlf" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_86C_zeseEfNxgzc7"&gt;Inventory&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#160;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Inventory
consists of NRS&#x2019; POS terminals that it sells to retailers. Inventory is measured at the lower of cost and net realizable value.
Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less reasonably predictable costs of completion,
disposal, and transportation.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_849_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentPolicyTextBlock_zXdKcWPCymD2" style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_86E_znXwMrwJSqpk"&gt;Property,
Plant, and Equipment and Intangible Assets&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Equipment,
computer software, and furniture and fixtures are recorded at cost and are depreciated on a straight-line basis over their estimated
useful lives, which are as follows: equipment&#x2014;&lt;span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife_iI_dtY_c20240731__us-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis__us-gaap--EquipmentMember__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MinimumMember_zIBt7qCxGref" title="Estimated useful lives of long-lived assets"&gt;5&lt;/span&gt; and &lt;span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife_iI_dtY_c20240731__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MaximumMember__us-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis__us-gaap--EquipmentMember_zMA3oyrnBgv8" title="Estimated useful lives of long-lived assets"&gt;7&lt;/span&gt; years; computer software&#x2014;&lt;span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife_iI_dtY_c20240731__us-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis__custom--ComputerSoftwareMember_zslQCsrFPBB3" title="Estimated useful lives of long-lived assets"&gt;3&lt;/span&gt; years; and furniture and fixtures&#x2014;&lt;span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife_iI_dtY_c20240731__us-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis__us-gaap--FurnitureAndFixturesMember_zVo0M4RMGirh" title="Estimated useful lives of long-lived assets"&gt;5&lt;/span&gt;
years. Leasehold improvements are recorded at cost and are depreciated on a straight-line basis over the term of their lease or their
estimated useful lives, whichever is shorter.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Non-compete
agreements, customer relationships, and tradenames are amortized over their estimated useful lives (see Notes 6 and 12).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company tests the recoverability of its property, plant, and equipment and intangible assets with finite useful lives whenever events
or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the asset may not be recoverable. The Company tests for recoverability
based on the projected undiscounted cash flows to be derived from such asset. If the projected undiscounted future cash flows are less
than the carrying value of the asset, the Company will record an impairment loss, if any, based on the difference between the estimated
fair value and the carrying value of the asset. The Company generally measures fair value by considering sale prices for similar assets
or by discounting estimated future cash flows from such asset using an appropriate discount rate. Cash flow projections and fair value
estimates require significant estimates and assumptions by management. Should the estimates and assumptions prove to be incorrect, the
Company may be required to record impairments in future periods and such impairments could be material.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_844_eus-gaap--GoodwillAndIntangibleAssetsGoodwillPolicy_zM8SJCvOWAac" style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_863_zvxMJs8GKFZf"&gt;Goodwill&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Goodwill
is the excess of the consideration paid for a business over the fair value of the identifiable net assets acquired. Goodwill and other
indefinite lived intangible assets are not amortized. Instead, these assets are reviewed annually (or more frequently under various conditions)
for impairment. The Company has the option to perform a qualitative assessment to determine whether it is necessary to perform the quantitative
goodwill impairment test. However, the Company may elect to perform the quantitative goodwill impairment test even if no indications
of a potential impairment exist.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;When
performing its quantitative annual, or an interim (when conditions warrant), goodwill impairment test the Company compares the fair value of its reporting
units with their carrying amounts. The Company would recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount
exceeds the reporting unit&#x2019;s fair value; however, the loss recognized would not exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated
to that reporting unit. Additionally, the Company considers income tax effects from any tax-deductible goodwill on the carrying
amount of its reporting unit when measuring the goodwill impairment loss, if applicable. The fair value of the reporting units is
estimated using discounted cash flow methodologies, as well as considering third party market value indicators. The Company&#x2019;s
use of a discounted cash flow methodology includes estimates of future revenue based upon budgets and projections. The Company also
develops estimates for future levels of gross and operating profits and projected capital expenditures. The Company&#x2019;s
methodology also includes the use of estimated discount rates based upon industry and competitor analysis as well as other factors.
Calculating the fair value of the reporting units requires significant estimates and assumptions by management. Should the estimates
and assumptions regarding the fair value of the reporting units prove to be incorrect, the Company may be required to record
impairments to its goodwill in future periods and such impairments could be material.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_842_eus-gaap--AdvertisingCostsPolicyTextBlock_z5j55ECmcjl2" style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_860_zm21vnQjgco2"&gt;Advertising
Expense&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Cost
of advertising is charged to selling, general and administrative expense in the period in which it is incurred. In fiscal 2024, fiscal
2023, and fiscal 2022, advertising expense was $&lt;span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--AdvertisingExpense_pn5n6_c20230801__20240731_z6zBPi6hR5c2" title="Advertising expense"&gt;19.0 &lt;/span&gt;million, $&lt;span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--AdvertisingExpense_pn5n6_c20220801__20230731_zsH72kBYJ1Y2" title="Advertising expense"&gt;17.9&lt;/span&gt; million, and $&lt;span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--AdvertisingExpense_pn5n6_c20210801__20220731_zUQmxg6vVeog" title="Advertising expense"&gt;17.0&lt;/span&gt; million, respectively.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_84E_eus-gaap--InternalUseSoftwarePolicy_zvqcYfGBKGab" style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_865_zO7OV3mU92ci"&gt;Capitalized
Internal Use Software Costs&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_907_ecustom--InternalUseSoftwarePolicyDescription_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis__us-gaap--SoftwareAndSoftwareDevelopmentCostsMember_zGmVodas4Igl" title="Internal use software policy description"&gt;The
Company capitalizes the cost of internal-use software that has a useful life in excess of one year.&lt;/span&gt; These costs consist of payments made
to third parties and the salaries of employees working on such software development. Subsequent additions, modifications or upgrades
to internal-use software are capitalized only to the extent that they allow the software to perform a task it previously did not perform.
Software maintenance and training costs are charged to expense in the period in which they are incurred. Capitalized internal use software
costs are amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives. Amortization expense related to such capitalized software
in fiscal 2024, fiscal 2023, and fiscal 2022 was $&lt;span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--CapitalizedComputerSoftwareAmortization1_pn5n6_c20230801__20240731_zrkXrXPqvQKb" title="Amortization expense"&gt;12.8&lt;/span&gt; million, $&lt;span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--CapitalizedComputerSoftwareAmortization1_pn5n6_c20220801__20230731_zNAgCsMSkuWc" title="Amortization expense"&gt;13.2&lt;/span&gt; million, and $&lt;span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--CapitalizedComputerSoftwareAmortization1_pn5n6_c20210801__20220731_zg8fQwxApb9i" title="Amortization expense"&gt;12.2&lt;/span&gt; million, respectively. Unamortized capitalized
internal use software costs at July 31, 2024 and 2023 were $&lt;span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--CapitalizedComputerSoftwareNet_iI_pn5n6_c20240731_zAM47QmM4yWj" title="Unamortized capital expense"&gt;18.6&lt;/span&gt; million and $&lt;span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--CapitalizedComputerSoftwareNet_iI_pn5n6_c20230731_z1RQ0qQE76Qb" title="Unamortized capital expense"&gt;18.8&lt;/span&gt; million, respectively.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_845_eus-gaap--MaintenanceCostPolicyPolicyTextBlock_zTvYmOJbPtkh" style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_86F_zq6Vk248a94f"&gt;Repairs
and Maintenance&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company charges the cost of repairs and maintenance, including the cost of replacing minor items not constituting substantial betterment,
to selling, general and administrative expense or technology and development expense as these costs are incurred.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_847_eus-gaap--ForeignCurrencyTransactionsAndTranslationsPolicyTextBlock_zEIxWaUzwF52" style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_863_z8SqqbhGSwl6"&gt;Foreign
Currency Translation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Assets
and liabilities of foreign subsidiaries denominated in foreign currencies are translated to U.S. Dollars at end-of-period rates of exchange,
and their monthly results of operations are translated to U.S. Dollars at the average rates of exchange for that month. Gains or losses
resulting from such foreign currency translations are recorded in &#x201c;Accumulated other comprehensive loss&#x201d; in the accompanying
consolidated balance sheets. Foreign currency transaction gains and losses are reported in &#x201c;Other expense, net&#x201d; in the accompanying
consolidated statements of income.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_84D_eus-gaap--IncomeTaxPolicyTextBlock_zuwS0zY8Gk07" style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_869_zFp0n4G9qoLb"&gt;Income
Taxes&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company recognizes deferred tax assets and liabilities for the future tax consequences attributable to temporary differences between
the financial statements carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. A valuation allowance is
provided when it is more likely than not that some portion or all of a deferred tax asset will not be realized. The ultimate realization
of deferred tax assets depends on the generation of future taxable income during the period in which related temporary differences become
deductible. The Company considers the scheduled reversal of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income and tax planning
strategies in its assessment of a valuation allowance. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using the enacted tax rates expected
to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred
tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date of such change.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company uses a two-step approach for recognizing and measuring tax benefits taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. The Company
determines whether it is more-likely-than-not that a tax position will be sustained upon examination, including resolution of any related
appeals or litigation processes, based on the technical merits of the position. In evaluating whether a tax position has met the more-likely-than-not
recognition threshold, the Company presumes that the position will be examined by the appropriate taxing authority that has full knowledge
of all relevant information. Tax positions that meet the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold are measured to determine the amount
of tax benefit to recognize in the financial statements. The tax position is measured at the largest amount of benefit that is greater
than 50 percent likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement. Differences between tax positions taken in a tax return and amounts
recognized in the financial statements will generally result in one or more of the following: an increase in a liability for income taxes
payable, a reduction of an income tax refund receivable, a reduction in a deferred tax asset, or an increase in a deferred tax liability.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company classifies interest and penalties on income taxes as a component of income tax expense.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_846_eus-gaap--CommitmentsAndContingenciesPolicyTextBlock_zg766rs3RBug" style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_867_zapFAmyeR9xj"&gt;Contingencies&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company accrues for loss contingencies when both (a) information available prior to issuance of the financial statements indicates that
it is probable that a liability had been incurred at the date of the financial statements and (b) the amount of loss can reasonably be
estimated. When the Company accrues for loss contingencies and the reasonable estimate of the loss is within a range, the Company records
its best estimate within the range. When no amount within the range is a better estimate than any other amount, the Company accrues the
minimum amount in the range. The Company discloses an estimated possible loss or a range of loss when it is at least reasonably possible
that a loss may have been incurred.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_842_eus-gaap--EarningsPerSharePolicyTextBlock_z1T3UWSrnOA1" style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_869_zBgYbddNq7hf"&gt;Earnings
Per Share&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Basic
earnings per share is computed by dividing net income attributable to all classes of common stockholders of the Company by the weighted
average number of shares of all classes of common stock outstanding during the applicable period. Diluted earnings per share is determined
in the same manner as basic earnings per share, except that the number of shares is increased to include restricted stock still subject
to risk of forfeiture and to assume exercise of potentially dilutive stock options using the treasury stock method, unless the effect
of such increase is anti-dilutive.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_893_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfEarningsPerShareDilutedByCommonClassTextBlock_zxGUjGZ2HVth" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
weighted-average number of shares used in the calculation of basic and diluted earnings per share attributable to the Company&#x2019;s
common stockholders consists of the following:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;span id="xdx_8BE_zW4lZwULr7A2" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Weighted-average Number of Shares Used in the Calculation of Basic and Diluted Earnings Per Share&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"&gt;Year ended July 31 &lt;br/&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_493_20230801__20240731_zWbMzk4B5bR2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_493_20220801__20230731_zESuaCVMa1Sj" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_499_20210801__20220731_zXo38ZnhSd5i" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2022&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic_pn3n3_zo6VFphWnrHe" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 52%"&gt;Basic weighted-average number of shares&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 12%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;25,241&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;25,517&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;25,791&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Effect of dilutive securities:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_403_eus-gaap--IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToCallOptionsAndWarrants_pn3n3_zK30cUYsOZAb" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: -8.65pt; padding-left: 17.3pt"&gt;Stock options&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;1&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;9&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;434&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToNonvestedSharesWithForfeitableDividends_pn3n3_zjNN2HCbT5th" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt; padding-left: 8.65pt"&gt;Non-vested restricted Class B common stock&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;156&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;51&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;131&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40B_eus-gaap--WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding_pn3n3_zVPhqI2ww3L9" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Diluted weighted-average number of shares&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;25,398&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;25,577&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;26,356&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_8A9_zzJa0cZfiYV7" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;There
were &lt;span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount_do_c20230801__20240731_zZmrlXp3yLyk" title="Shares excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount_do_c20220801__20230731_zMJUyWFTTj9i" title="Shares excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount_do_c20210801__20220731_z0gv6Tdcc8e7" title="Shares excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share"&gt;no&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; shares excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share in fiscal 2024, fiscal 2023, or fiscal 2022.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_848_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationOptionAndIncentivePlansPolicy_zWTBzUj4NCR7" style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_866_ztLEW1aMZ0W8"&gt;Stock-Based
Compensation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company recognizes compensation expense for its grants of stock-based awards based on the estimated fair value on the grant date. Compensation
cost for awards is recognized using the straight-line method over the requisite service period, which is usually the vesting period.
Stock-based compensation is included in selling, general and administrative expense and technology and development expense.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_840_eus-gaap--ConcentrationRiskCreditRisk_zWJhfDbhSCn2" style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_86E_zZfqQtZslua5"&gt;Vulnerability
Due to Certain Concentrations&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Financial
instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentration of credit risk consist principally of cash, cash equivalents, restricted
cash and cash equivalents, debt securities, equity investments, and trade accounts receivable. The Company holds cash and cash equivalents
at several major financial institutions, which often exceed FDIC insurance limits. Historically, the Company has not experienced any
losses due to such concentration of credit risk. The Company&#x2019;s temporary cash investments policy is to limit the dollar amount
of investments with any one financial institution and monitor the credit ratings of those institutions. While the Company may be exposed
to credit losses due to the nonperformance of the holders of its deposits, the Company does not expect the settlement of these transactions
to have a material effect on its results of operations, cash flows, or financial condition.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
concentration of credit risk with respect to trade accounts receivable is limited due to the large number of customers in various geographic
regions and industry segments comprising the Company&#x2019;s customer base. No single customer accounted for more than 10% of consolidated
revenues in fiscal 2024, fiscal 2023 or fiscal 2022. However, the Company&#x2019;s five largest customers collectively accounted for &lt;span id="xdx_90D_ecustom--ConcentrationRiskThresholdPercentage_pid_dp_uPure_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_zWEjujsXLVBb" title="Concentration risk threshold, percentage"&gt;10.3&lt;/span&gt;%,
&lt;span id="xdx_90A_ecustom--ConcentrationRiskThresholdPercentage_pid_dp_uPure_c20220801__20230731__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_z17AtqKup5i1" title="Concentration risk threshold, percentage"&gt;10.8&lt;/span&gt;%, and &lt;span id="xdx_902_ecustom--ConcentrationRiskThresholdPercentage_pid_dp_uPure_c20210801__20220731__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_zZox5s00o0z4" title="Concentration risk threshold, percentage"&gt;12.5&lt;/span&gt;% of its consolidated revenues in fiscal 2024, fiscal 2023, and fiscal 2022, respectively. The Company&#x2019;s customers
with the five largest receivable balances collectively accounted for &lt;span id="xdx_909_ecustom--ConcentrationRiskThresholdPercentage_pid_dp_uPure_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--AccountsReceivableMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_zj5YdAwNYH9b" title="Concentration risk threshold, percentage"&gt;22.7&lt;/span&gt;% and &lt;span id="xdx_903_ecustom--ConcentrationRiskThresholdPercentage_pid_dp_uPure_c20220801__20230731__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--AccountsReceivableMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_zdIrhhFouxyj" title="Concentration risk threshold, percentage"&gt;16.7&lt;/span&gt;% of the consolidated gross trade accounts receivable
at July 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. This concentration of customers increases the Company&#x2019;s risk associated with nonpayment
by those customers. In an effort to reduce such risk, the Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of its significant customers. In
addition, the Company attempts to mitigate the credit risk related to specific IDT Global customers by also buying services from the
customer, in order to create an opportunity to offset its payables and receivables and reduce its net trade receivable exposure risk.
When it is practical to do so, the Company will increase its purchases from IDT Global customers with receivable balances that exceed
the Company&#x2019;s applicable payables in order to maximize the offset and reduce its credit risk.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;



&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_84E_ecustom--AllowanceForCreditLossesAndAllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsPolicyTextBlock_zVV3AEmuYBf6" style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_867_zvqLZDF0cO6j"&gt;Allowance
for Credit Losses and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Effective
with the adoption of ASU 2016-13 on August 1, 2023, the Company records an expense based on a forward-looking current expected credit
loss model to maintain its allowance for credit losses, which replaced the allowance for doubtful accounts. When determining its allowance
for trade accounts receivable, the Company considers the probability of recoverability of accounts receivable based on experience, taking
into account current collection trends and general economic factors, including bankruptcy rates. The Company also considers future economic
trends to estimate expected credit losses over the lifetime of the asset. Credit risks are assessed based on historical write-offs, net
of recoveries, as well as an analysis of the aged accounts receivable balances with allowances generally increasing as the receivable
ages. Accounts receivable may be fully reserved for when specific collection issues are known to exist, such as pending bankruptcies.
Account balances are written off against the allowance when it is determined that the receivable will not be recovered. The adoption
of ASU 2016-13 did not have a material impact on the Company&#x2019;s consolidated financial statements, and it was not necessary to record
a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of August 1, 2023.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Prior
to the adoption of ASU 2016-13, the Company estimated the balance of its allowance for doubtful accounts by analyzing accounts receivable
balances by age and applying historical write-off and collection trend rates. The Company&#x2019;s estimates included separately providing
for customer receivables based on specific circumstances and credit conditions, and when it was deemed probable that the balance was
uncollectible.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_89F_eus-gaap--AccountsReceivableAllowanceForCreditLossTableTextBlock_ztzPbgnVIHgc" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
changes in the allowance and reserves deducted from asset accounts is as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;span id="xdx_8B4_zZreWFoiz1pd" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Changes In Allowance and Reserves Deducted From Asset Accounts&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"&gt;Year ended July 31 &lt;br/&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;Balance at beginning of year&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;Additions charged to costs and expenses&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;Deductions &lt;br/&gt;(1)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;Balance at end of year&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;Deducted from asset accounts:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 20pt; width: 40%; text-align: left"&gt;Allowance for credit losses&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent_iS_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731_zHsTWeGxVFt5" style="width: 11%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Allowance for doubtful accounts, Balance at beginning of year"&gt;5,642&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98D_ecustom--ProvisionForAccountsReceivableDoubtfulAccounts_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731_zshT59LFM2Ga" style="width: 11%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Allowance for doubtful accounts, Additions charged to costs and expenses"&gt;3,402&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableWriteOffs_iN_pn3n3_di_c20230801__20240731_fKDEp_zPiRObONBhCk" style="width: 11%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Allowance for doubtful accounts, Deductions"&gt;(2,692&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent_iE_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731_zCw4fAj0MgDc" style="width: 11%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Allowance for doubtful accounts, Balance at end of year"&gt;6,352&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 20pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Reserve for losses on settlement assets&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98B_ecustom--SettlementAssetsReserve_iS_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731_z7vCSXqdlBa8" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Reserve for losses on settlement assets, Balance at beginning of year"&gt;1,143&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_984_ecustom--ProvisionForSettlementAssetsReserve_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731_z6humRffmc15" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Reserve for losses on settlement assets, Additions charged to costs and expenses"&gt;988&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_983_ecustom--SettlementAssetsReserveDeductions_iN_pn3n3_di_c20230801__20240731_fKDEp_zmecqNnnnfcd" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Reserve for losses on settlement assets, Deductions"&gt;(265&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98D_ecustom--SettlementAssetsReserve_iE_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731_z5oWHvvZ9QKi" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Reserve for losses on settlement assets, Balance at end of year"&gt;1,866&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 20pt; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Total&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_989_ecustom--AllowanceAndReservesDeductedFromAssetAccountsBalance_iS_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731_zJKxiyxqQPDh" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Allowance and reserves deducted from asset, Balance at beginning of year"&gt;6,785&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--ProvisionForDoubtfulAccounts_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731_zh6SzdVp62Ij" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Allowance and reserves deducted from asset, Additions charged to costs and expenses"&gt;4,390&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98F_ecustom--AllowanceAndReservesDeductedFromAssetAccountsDeductions_iN_pn3n3_di_c20230801__20240731_fKDEp_zuKZh0QTcMd9" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Allowance and reserves deducted from asset, Deductions"&gt;(2,957&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_985_ecustom--AllowanceAndReservesDeductedFromAssetAccountsBalance_iE_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731_za8l6Ekook4f" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Allowance and reserves deducted from asset, Balance at end of year"&gt;8,218&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;Deducted from asset accounts:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 20pt; text-align: left"&gt;Allowance for doubtful accounts&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent_iS_pn3n3_c20220801__20230731_zyDvvx84yO4a" style="text-align: right" title="Allowance for doubtful accounts, Balance at beginning of year"&gt;5,328&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_982_ecustom--ProvisionForAccountsReceivableDoubtfulAccounts_pn3n3_c20220801__20230731_zSlY661ObPLb" style="text-align: right" title="Allowance for doubtful accounts, Additions charged to costs and expenses"&gt;1,578&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableWriteOffs_iN_pn3n3_di_c20220801__20230731_fKDEp_zFzeaZUERiy5" style="text-align: right" title="Allowance for doubtful accounts, Deductions"&gt;(1,264&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent_iE_pn3n3_c20220801__20230731_zrZKcCIbbQNe" style="text-align: right" title="Allowance for doubtful accounts, Balance at end of year"&gt;5,642&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 20pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Reserve for losses on settlement assets&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98F_ecustom--SettlementAssetsReserve_iS_pn3n3_c20220801__20230731_zM7ssqfNPgLa" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Reserve for losses on settlement assets, Balance at beginning of year"&gt;554&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_989_ecustom--ProvisionForSettlementAssetsReserve_pn3n3_c20220801__20230731_zkDSuD4S6CSb" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Reserve for losses on settlement assets, Additions charged to costs and expenses"&gt;620&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98D_ecustom--SettlementAssetsReserveDeductions_iN_pn3n3_di_c20220801__20230731_fKDEp_z4m9NKtQIC3g" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Reserve for losses on settlement assets, Deductions"&gt;(31&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_984_ecustom--SettlementAssetsReserve_iE_pn3n3_c20220801__20230731_zJASWl1BVGEl" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Reserve for losses on settlement assets, Balance at end of year"&gt;1,143&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 20pt; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Total&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_986_ecustom--AllowanceAndReservesDeductedFromAssetAccountsBalance_iS_pn3n3_c20220801__20230731_z5o3GdYNxE46" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Allowance and reserves deducted from asset, Balance at beginning of year"&gt;5,882&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--ProvisionForDoubtfulAccounts_pn3n3_c20220801__20230731_z7cecI69oGij" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Allowance and reserves deducted from asset, Additions charged to costs and expenses"&gt;2,198&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_983_ecustom--AllowanceAndReservesDeductedFromAssetAccountsDeductions_iN_pn3n3_di_c20220801__20230731_fKDEp_zERNPXntbNvi" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Allowance and reserves deducted from asset, Deductions"&gt;(1,295&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_980_ecustom--AllowanceAndReservesDeductedFromAssetAccountsBalance_iE_pn3n3_c20220801__20230731_z0zQRRdKMUHa" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Allowance and reserves deducted from asset, Balance at end of year"&gt;6,785&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;2022&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;Deducted from asset accounts:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 20pt; text-align: left"&gt;Allowance for doubtful accounts&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent_iS_pn3n3_c20210801__20220731_zu4zqFKL4Y0b" style="text-align: right" title="Allowance for doubtful accounts, Balance at beginning of year"&gt;4,129&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_980_ecustom--ProvisionForAccountsReceivableDoubtfulAccounts_pn3n3_c20210801__20220731_zbrfT7NXXDC6" style="text-align: right" title="Allowance for doubtful accounts, Additions charged to costs and expenses"&gt;1,982&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableWriteOffs_iN_pn3n3_di_c20210801__20220731_fKDEp_zqrtnME8nnJh" style="text-align: right" title="Allowance for doubtful accounts, Deductions"&gt;(783&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent_iE_pn3n3_c20210801__20220731_zGc7jbVBZPMb" style="text-align: right" title="Allowance for doubtful accounts, Balance at end of year"&gt;5,328&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 20pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Reserve for losses on settlement assets&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_989_ecustom--SettlementAssetsReserve_iS_pn3n3_c20210801__20220731_z3UgQmyNyM2g" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Reserve for losses on settlement assets, Balance at beginning of year"&gt;309&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_986_ecustom--ProvisionForSettlementAssetsReserve_pn3n3_c20210801__20220731_z6H3AiBhs9G7" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Reserve for losses on settlement assets, Additions charged to costs and expenses"&gt;348&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_982_ecustom--SettlementAssetsReserveDeductions_iN_pn3n3_di_c20210801__20220731_fKDEp_z358OP65d3Wi" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Reserve for losses on settlement assets, Deductions"&gt;(103&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_982_ecustom--SettlementAssetsReserve_iE_pn3n3_c20210801__20220731_z3FYQPRfg2ch" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Reserve for losses on settlement assets, Balance at end of year"&gt;554&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 20pt; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Total&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98C_ecustom--AllowanceAndReservesDeductedFromAssetAccountsBalance_iS_pn3n3_c20210801__20220731_zay6n2A7oQS3" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Allowance and reserves deducted from asset, Balance at beginning of year"&gt;4,438&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--ProvisionForDoubtfulAccounts_pn3n3_c20210801__20220731_zywX2lxrL75c" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Allowance and reserves deducted from asset, Additions charged to costs and expenses"&gt;2,330&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98F_ecustom--AllowanceAndReservesDeductedFromAssetAccountsDeductions_iN_pn3n3_di_c20210801__20220731_fKDEp_z47jiwF9W6Mg" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Allowance and reserves deducted from asset, Deductions"&gt;(886&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98C_ecustom--AllowanceAndReservesDeductedFromAssetAccountsBalance_iE_pn3n3_c20210801__20220731_z6gOVy9Laf47" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Allowance and reserves deducted from asset, Balance at end of year"&gt;5,882&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 6pt; width: 100%"&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"&gt;
&lt;td id="xdx_F0F_z9X9ON5FPA63" style="width: 15pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(1)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 5pt"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_F13_zNG3pS1Hu1Fg" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Primarily uncollectible
accounts written off, net of recoveries.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_8AF_zDkpVCte4YUg" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_84A_eus-gaap--FairValueMeasurementPolicyPolicyTextBlock_zSCVqeFQJQv4" style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_86F_zh3slqpTIq5j"&gt;Fair
Value Measurements&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Fair
value of financial and non-financial assets and liabilities is defined as an exit price, which is the price that would be received to
sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The three-tier
hierarchy for inputs used to measure fair value, which prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value, is
as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; width: 10%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Level
    1 &#x2013;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; vertical-align: bottom; width: 90%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;quoted
    prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Level
    2 &#x2013;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;quoted
    prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets or inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly
    or indirectly through market corroboration, for substantially the full term of the financial instrument.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Level
    3 &#x2013;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;unobservable
    inputs based on the Company&#x2019;s assumptions used to measure assets and liabilities at fair value.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;A
financial asset or liability&#x2019;s classification within the hierarchy is determined based on the lowest level input that is significant
to the fair value measurement. The assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement requires judgment
and may affect the valuation of the assets and liabilities being measured and their placement within the fair value hierarchy.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;



&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_843_eus-gaap--LesseeLeasesPolicyTextBlock_zuFpm1G7FBkd" style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_86E_zkAltCCaJZ1k"&gt;Leases&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company determines whether an arrangement is a lease at the inception of the arrangement based on the terms and conditions in the contract.
A contract contains a lease if there is an identified asset which the Company has the right to control. The Company records a right-of-use
(&#x201c;ROU&#x201d;) asset and a lease liability on the balance sheet on the lease commencement date for all leases with terms longer
than 12 months. Leases are classified as either finance or operating, with classification affecting the pattern of expense recognition
in the income statement. The ROU asset and lease liability are recorded based on the present value of the Company&#x2019;s obligation
to make payments over the lease term. The present value of the lease payments is calculated using the incremental borrowing rate based
on the rate of interest that the Company would have to pay to borrow an amount equal to the lease payments on a collateralized basis
over a similar term. The Company recognizes lease cost for its leases on a straight-line basis over the lease term.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_84B_eus-gaap--NewAccountingPronouncementsPolicyPolicyTextBlock_zjYcyfNt8Roc" style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_866_zOLyIcAlDt4a"&gt;Recently
Adopted Accounting Standard&#x2014;Segment Reporting&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;On
August 1, 2024, the Company adopted ASU No. 2023-07, &lt;i&gt;Segment Reporting (Topic 280)&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures,
&lt;/i&gt;that is intended to improve the disclosures about reportable segments and add more detailed information about a reportable segment&#x2019;s
expenses. These changes will affect the Company&#x2019;s segment reporting beginning with its Annual Report for fiscal 2025 and its Quarterly
Reports in fiscal 2026 applied retrospectively to all prior periods presented. The amendments in the ASU require public entities to disclose
on an annual and interim basis significant segment expenses that are regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker (&#x201c;CODM&#x201d;)
and included within each reported measure of segment profit or loss, other segment items by reportable segment, the title and position
of the CODM, and an explanation of how the CODM uses the reported measures of segment profit or loss in assessing segment performance
and deciding how to allocate resources. The ASU does not change the definition of a segment, the method for determining segments, the
criteria for aggregating operating segments into reportable segments, or the current specifically enumerated segment expenses that are
required to be disclosed. The adoption of this ASU did not impact the Company&#x2019;s results of operations, cash flows, or financial
condition.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_843_ecustom--RecentlyIssuedAccountingStandardsNotYetAdoptedPolicyTextBlock_zLnMGk9lNtM5" style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_86C_z6XHTmPnRcug"&gt;Recently
Issued Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;In
December 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (&#x201c;FASB&#x201d;) issued ASU No. 2023-09, &lt;i&gt;Income Taxes (Topic 740)&lt;/i&gt;,
&lt;i&gt;Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures&lt;/i&gt;, primarily related to the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid disclosures as well
as certain other amendments to income tax disclosures. Entities will be required on an annual basis to consistently categorize and provide
greater disaggregation of rate reconciliation information and further disaggregate their income taxes paid. The Company will adopt the
amendments in this ASU for its fiscal year beginning on August 1, 2025. The amendments in this ASU should be applied on a prospective
basis, although retrospective application is permitted. The Company is evaluating the impact that this ASU will have on its consolidated
financial statements.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;In
December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-08, &lt;i&gt;Intangibles-Goodwill and Other-Crypto Assets (Subtopic 350-60)&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Accounting
for and Disclosure of Crypto Assets&lt;/i&gt;, that changes the accounting for crypto assets from a cost-less-impairment model to fair value,
with changes recognized in net income each reporting period. The ASU also requires enhanced disclosures including, among other things,
the name, cost basis, fair value, and number of units for each significant holding, and a rollforward of annual activity including additions,
dispositions, gains, and losses. The Company will adopt the amendments in this ASU for its fiscal year beginning on August 1, 2025. The
ASU requires a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings as of adoption. The Company is evaluating the
impact that this ASU will have on its consolidated financial statements.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;

</us-gaap:SignificantAccountingPoliciesTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:NumberOfReportableSegments
      contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact000978"
      unitRef="Segments">4</us-gaap:NumberOfReportableSegments>
    <us-gaap:MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent
      contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31_custom_NetTwophoneTwoZeroIncMember"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact000980"
      unitRef="Pure">0.940</us-gaap:MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent>
    <us-gaap:MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent
      contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31_custom_NationalRetailSolutionsMember"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact000982"
      unitRef="Pure">0.815</us-gaap:MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent>
    <IDT:FullyDilutedMinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent
      contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_custom_NetTwophoneTwoZeroIncMember"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact000984"
      unitRef="Pure">0.900</IDT:FullyDilutedMinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent>
    <IDT:FullyDilutedMinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent
      contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_custom_NationalRetailSolutionsMember"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact000986"
      unitRef="Pure">0.793</IDT:FullyDilutedMinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent>
    <us-gaap:ConsolidationPolicyTextBlock contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" id="Fact000988">&lt;p id="xdx_84F_eus-gaap--ConsolidationPolicyTextBlock_z6kaXGSxngS1" style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_869_zMVeOkFruog"&gt;Basis
of Consolidation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
method of accounting applied to long-term investments, whether consolidated, equity or cost, involves an evaluation of the significant
terms of each investment that explicitly grant or suggest evidence of control or influence over the operations of the entity in which the Company owns an interest and includes
the identification of any variable interests in which the Company is the primary beneficiary. The consolidated financial statements include
the Company&#x2019;s controlled subsidiaries and the variable interest entity in which the Company is the primary beneficiary (see Note
13). All significant intercompany accounts and transactions between the consolidated entities are eliminated.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</us-gaap:ConsolidationPolicyTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:UseOfEstimates contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" id="Fact000990">&lt;p id="xdx_841_eus-gaap--UseOfEstimates_z8ogqz5OdpP6" style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_866_zSIs61iy3ZQb"&gt;Use
of Estimates&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (&#x201c;U.S.
GAAP&#x201d;) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying
notes. Actual results may differ from those estimates.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</us-gaap:UseOfEstimates>
    <us-gaap:PriorPeriodReclassificationAdjustmentDescription contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" id="Fact000992">&lt;p id="xdx_84A_eus-gaap--PriorPeriodReclassificationAdjustmentDescription_ztC0ETtrrHxi" style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_86A_zFIvysppyYP"&gt;Reclassifications&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;From
and after August 1, 2023, the Company includes depreciation and amortization in &#x201c;Direct cost of revenues&#x201d; and &#x201c;Selling,
general and administrative&#x201d; expense and is reporting gross profit in accordance with U.S. GAAP in the consolidated statements
of income. Prior to August 1, 2023, depreciation and amortization was a separate caption in the consolidated statements of income.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;From
and after February 1, 2024, the Company reclassified most of its technology and development expenses from &#x201c;Selling, general and
administrative&#x201d; expense to a new &#x201c;Technology and development&#x201d; expense caption in the consolidated statements of income
and reclassified an amount that was immaterial in all periods to &#x201c;Direct cost of revenues.&#x201d; &#x201c;Technology and development&#x201d;
expense consists primarily of personnel-related expenses for employees involved in the research, design, development, and maintenance
of both new and existing technology products and services, including salaries, benefits, and stock-based compensation. &#x201c;Technology
and development&#x201d; expense also includes costs for software licenses, subscription services, and other companywide technology tools
dedicated for use by the Company&#x2019;s technology and development teams. The costs of third-party contractors that support the Company&#x2019;s
technology and development are also included. &#x201c;Technology and development&#x201d; expense also includes the costs of product and
engineering teams used to support the development of both internal infrastructure and internal-use software, to the extent such costs
do not qualify for capitalization. The expenses reclassified to &#x201c;Direct cost of revenues&#x201d; are the costs of cloud computing
arrangements hosted by a vendor in the production environment incurred by the net2phone segment and NRS, and net2phone&#x2019;s colocation
costs for data centers where net2phone is not fully operational in the cloud. Finally, depreciation and amortization of capitalized internal
use software costs was reclassified from &#x201c;Selling, general and administrative&#x201d; expense to &#x201c;Technology and development&#x201d;
expense.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_89F_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfErrorCorrectionsAndPriorPeriodAdjustmentsTextBlock_zxTzxw3XLB0j" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
following table shows the amounts that were reclassified in fiscal 2023 and fiscal 2022 to conform to the current year&#x2019;s presentation:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;span id="xdx_8B6_z6ud8mTfybRj" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule
of Amount that were Reclassified&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"&gt;Year ended July 31 &lt;br/&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_491_20220801__20230731_zJEWlhtMsoUb" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_495_20210801__20220731_z5WM4imWLJpg" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2022&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;Selling, general and administrative expense reclassified to:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense_hsrt--RestatementAxis__srt--ScenarioPreviouslyReportedMember__srt--ProductOrServiceAxis__custom--DirectCostOfRevenuesMember_ziQ3FRDz0Rf8" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; width: 60%; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Direct cost of revenues&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 16%; text-align: right"&gt;1,364&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 16%; text-align: right"&gt;1,113&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_406_eus-gaap--SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense_hsrt--RestatementAxis__srt--ScenarioPreviouslyReportedMember__srt--ProductOrServiceAxis__custom--TechnologyAndDevelopmentExpenseMember_zKtJfXgmfxbf" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Technology and development expense&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;35,230&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;34,935&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense_hsrt--RestatementAxis__srt--ScenarioPreviouslyReportedMember__srt--ProductOrServiceAxis__custom--TechnologyAndDevelopmentExpenseMember_zzG26jWfQkgf" style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Selling,
    general and administrative expense&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;35,230&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;34,935&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Depreciation and amortization expense reclassified to:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--DepreciationAndAmortization_hsrt--RestatementAxis__srt--ScenarioPreviouslyReportedMember__us-gaap--IncomeStatementLocationAxis__custom--DirectCostOfRevenuesMember_zx93ECVMAltj" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Direct cost of revenues&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;4,516&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;3,516&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--DepreciationAndAmortization_hsrt--RestatementAxis__srt--ScenarioPreviouslyReportedMember__us-gaap--IncomeStatementLocationAxis__us-gaap--SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpensesMember_zIewBddravg3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Selling, general and administrative expense&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2,862&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2,489&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_404_eus-gaap--DepreciationAndAmortization_hsrt--RestatementAxis__srt--ScenarioPreviouslyReportedMember__us-gaap--IncomeStatementLocationAxis__custom--TechnologyAndDevelopmentExpenseMember_zEvuyCUUDEgl" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Technology and development expense&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;12,758&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;12,110&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_403_eus-gaap--DepreciationAndAmortization_hsrt--RestatementAxis__srt--ScenarioPreviouslyReportedMember__us-gaap--IncomeStatementLocationAxis__custom--TechnologyAndDevelopmentExpenseMember_zVu48QfOx2Kj" style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Depreciation
    and amortization expense&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;12,758&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;12,110&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_8AB_z52yrA3wsYI7" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</us-gaap:PriorPeriodReclassificationAdjustmentDescription>
    <us-gaap:ScheduleOfErrorCorrectionsAndPriorPeriodAdjustmentsTextBlock contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" id="Fact000994">&lt;p id="xdx_89F_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfErrorCorrectionsAndPriorPeriodAdjustmentsTextBlock_zxTzxw3XLB0j" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
following table shows the amounts that were reclassified in fiscal 2023 and fiscal 2022 to conform to the current year&#x2019;s presentation:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;span id="xdx_8B6_z6ud8mTfybRj" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule
of Amount that were Reclassified&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"&gt;Year ended July 31 &lt;br/&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_491_20220801__20230731_zJEWlhtMsoUb" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_495_20210801__20220731_z5WM4imWLJpg" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2022&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;Selling, general and administrative expense reclassified to:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense_hsrt--RestatementAxis__srt--ScenarioPreviouslyReportedMember__srt--ProductOrServiceAxis__custom--DirectCostOfRevenuesMember_ziQ3FRDz0Rf8" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; width: 60%; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Direct cost of revenues&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 16%; text-align: right"&gt;1,364&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 16%; text-align: right"&gt;1,113&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_406_eus-gaap--SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense_hsrt--RestatementAxis__srt--ScenarioPreviouslyReportedMember__srt--ProductOrServiceAxis__custom--TechnologyAndDevelopmentExpenseMember_zKtJfXgmfxbf" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Technology and development expense&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;35,230&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;34,935&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense_hsrt--RestatementAxis__srt--ScenarioPreviouslyReportedMember__srt--ProductOrServiceAxis__custom--TechnologyAndDevelopmentExpenseMember_zzG26jWfQkgf" style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Selling,
    general and administrative expense&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;35,230&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;34,935&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Depreciation and amortization expense reclassified to:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--DepreciationAndAmortization_hsrt--RestatementAxis__srt--ScenarioPreviouslyReportedMember__us-gaap--IncomeStatementLocationAxis__custom--DirectCostOfRevenuesMember_zx93ECVMAltj" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Direct cost of revenues&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;4,516&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;3,516&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--DepreciationAndAmortization_hsrt--RestatementAxis__srt--ScenarioPreviouslyReportedMember__us-gaap--IncomeStatementLocationAxis__us-gaap--SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpensesMember_zIewBddravg3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Selling, general and administrative expense&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2,862&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2,489&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_404_eus-gaap--DepreciationAndAmortization_hsrt--RestatementAxis__srt--ScenarioPreviouslyReportedMember__us-gaap--IncomeStatementLocationAxis__custom--TechnologyAndDevelopmentExpenseMember_zEvuyCUUDEgl" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Technology and development expense&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;12,758&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;12,110&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_403_eus-gaap--DepreciationAndAmortization_hsrt--RestatementAxis__srt--ScenarioPreviouslyReportedMember__us-gaap--IncomeStatementLocationAxis__custom--TechnologyAndDevelopmentExpenseMember_zVu48QfOx2Kj" style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Depreciation
    and amortization expense&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;12,758&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;12,110&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

</us-gaap:ScheduleOfErrorCorrectionsAndPriorPeriodAdjustmentsTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31_srt_ScenarioPreviouslyReportedMember_custom_DirectCostOfRevenuesMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact000996"
      unitRef="USD">1364000</us-gaap:SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense>
    <us-gaap:SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31_srt_ScenarioPreviouslyReportedMember_custom_DirectCostOfRevenuesMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact000997"
      unitRef="USD">1113000</us-gaap:SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense>
    <us-gaap:SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31_srt_ScenarioPreviouslyReportedMember_custom_TechnologyAndDevelopmentExpenseMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact000999"
      unitRef="USD">35230000</us-gaap:SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense>
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for Investments&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Investments
in businesses that the Company does not control, but in which the Company has the ability to exercise significant influence over operating
and financial matters, are accounted for using the equity method. Investments in which the Company does not have the ability to exercise
significant influence over operating and financial matters are accounted for using the cost method. Investments in hedge funds are accounted
for using the equity method unless the Company&#x2019;s interest is so minor that it has virtually no influence over operating and financial
policies, in which case these investments are accounted for using the cost method. The Company periodically evaluates its equity and
cost method investments for impairment due to declines considered to be other than temporary. If the Company determines that a decline
in fair value is other than temporary, then a charge to earnings is recorded in &#x201c;Other expense, net&#x201d; in the accompanying
consolidated statements of income, and a new basis in the investment is established.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</us-gaap:InvestmentPolicyTextBlock>
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Recognition&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company recognizes revenue upon the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration
to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services, in accordance with a five-step process as follows:
(i) identify the contract(s) with a customer, (ii) identify the performance obligations in the contract(s), (iii) determine the transaction
price, (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract(s), and (v) recognize revenue when, or as,
the Company satisfies a performance obligation.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</us-gaap:RevenueRecognitionPolicyTextBlock>
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Cost of Revenues&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Direct
cost of revenues consists primarily of termination and origination costs, toll-free costs, and network costs&#x2014;including
customer/carrier interconnect charges and fiber circuit charges. These costs include an estimate of charges for which invoices have
not yet been received, and estimated amounts for pending disputes with other carriers. Direct cost of revenues also includes the
cost of airtime top-up minutes, the cost of NRS&#x2019; POS terminals sold, the costs of cloud computing arrangements hosted by a
vendor in the production environment incurred by the net2phone segment and NRS, net2phone&#x2019;s colocation costs for data centers
where net2phone is not fully operational in the cloud, net2phone&#x2019;s cost of equipment sold, and commissions paid to
disbursement agents, sales agents, and retailers for BOSS Money&#x2019;s originations and distributions.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</us-gaap:CostOfSalesPolicyTextBlock>
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and Cash Equivalents&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company considers all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsPolicyTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:MarketableSecuritiesPolicy contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" id="Fact001025">&lt;p id="xdx_84B_eus-gaap--MarketableSecuritiesPolicy_zqju8xfY10nk" style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_86C_z2UVk5Ugawv9"&gt;Debt
Securities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company&#x2019;s investments in debt securities are classified as &#x201c;available-for-sale.&#x201d; Available-for-sale debt securities
are required to be carried at their fair value, with unrealized gains that are considered temporary in nature recorded in &#x201c;Accumulated
other comprehensive loss&#x201d; in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. On August 1, 2023, the Company adopted Accounting Standards
Update (&#x201c;ASU&#x201d;) No. 2016-13, &lt;i&gt;Financial Instruments&#x2014;Credit Losses (Topic 326)&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Measurement of Credit Losses
on Financial Instruments.&lt;/i&gt; For available-for-sale debt securities with unrealized losses, ASU 2016-13 replaced the concept of &#x201c;other-than-temporary&#x201d;
impairment with a determination whether any impairment is a result of a credit loss or other factors. The portion of the unrealized loss
that is the result of a credit loss is recognized as an allowance and a corresponding expense recorded in &#x201c;Other expense, net&#x201d;
in the consolidated statement of income. Unrealized loss that is not the result of a credit loss is recorded in &#x201c;Accumulated other
comprehensive loss&#x201d; in the consolidated balance sheets. The adoption of the new standard did not have a material impact on the
Company&#x2019;s consolidated financial statements, and it was not necessary to record a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings
as of August 1, 2023.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company uses the specific identification method in computing the gross realized gains and gross realized losses on the sales of debt
securities.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</us-gaap:MarketableSecuritiesPolicy>
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Investments&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Investments
in equity securities (except those accounted for under the equity method or that result in consolidation) are measured at fair value,
with changes in fair value recognized in net income. For investments in equity securities without a readily determinable fair value,
the Company elects the measurement alternative and measures these investments at cost, less any impairment, plus or minus changes resulting
from observable price changes in orderly transactions for an identical or similar investment of the same issuer. At each reporting date,
the Company reassesses whether the investment still qualifies for this measurement alternative. Further, at each reporting date, the
Company performs a qualitative assessment to evaluate whether the investment is impaired. If the qualitative assessment indicates that
the investment is impaired and the fair value of the investment is less than its carrying value, the carrying amount of the investment
will be reduced and the resulting loss recognized in &#x201c;Other expense, net&#x201d; in the accompanying consolidated statements of
income in the period the impairment is identified.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;On
August 1, 2024, the Company adopted ASU No. 2022-03, &lt;i&gt;Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820)&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Fair Value Measurement of Equity Securities
Subject to Contractual Sale Restrictions,&lt;/i&gt; that clarifies that a contractual restriction on the sale of an equity security is not
considered part of the unit of account of the equity security and, therefore, is not considered in measuring fair value. The ASU also
requires specific disclosures related to equity securities that are subject to contractual sales restrictions. The adoption of the new
standard did not have a material impact on the Company&#x2019;s consolidated financial statements.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestmentsPolicy>
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Assets and Settlement Liabilities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Settlement
assets represent funds to be received for unsettled international money remittance and related value/payment transfer services. The receivables
are due from financial institutions and agents for payment instruments sold and amounts advanced by the Company to certain agents for
operational and local regulatory purposes. These receivables are outstanding from the day of the sale of the payment instrument until
the financial institution or agent remits the funds to the Company. The Company provides an allowance for the portion of the receivable
estimated to become uncollectible based on its history of collection experience, known collection issues, consumer credit card chargebacks
and insufficient funds, and other matters the Company identifies in its routine collection monitoring.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Settlement
liabilities represent obligations relating to amounts payable under international money remittance and related value/payment transfer
services. These obligations are recognized by the Company at the time the underlying transaction occurs. The Company records corresponding
settlement assets for the funds to be received.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</IDT:SettlementsAssetsAndLiabilitiesPolicyTextBlock>
    <IDT:DisbursementPrefundingPolicyTextBlock contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" id="Fact001031">&lt;p id="xdx_84E_ecustom--DisbursementPrefundingPolicyTextBlock_zMt8yKbdK8bg" style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_86D_ziXcOMtpaLee"&gt;Disbursement
Prefunding&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company maintains relationships with disbursement partners in various countries for its BOSS Money and IDT Digital Payments services.
The Company maintains prefunding balances with these disbursement partners, so they can satisfy the Company&#x2019;s customer liabilities.
The Company does not earn interest on these balances. The balances are not compensating balances and are not legally restricted.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</IDT:DisbursementPrefundingPolicyTextBlock>
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&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#160;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Inventory
consists of NRS&#x2019; POS terminals that it sells to retailers. Inventory is measured at the lower of cost and net realizable value.
Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less reasonably predictable costs of completion,
disposal, and transportation.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</us-gaap:InventoryPolicyTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentPolicyTextBlock contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" id="Fact001035">&lt;p id="xdx_849_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentPolicyTextBlock_zXdKcWPCymD2" style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_86E_znXwMrwJSqpk"&gt;Property,
Plant, and Equipment and Intangible Assets&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Equipment,
computer software, and furniture and fixtures are recorded at cost and are depreciated on a straight-line basis over their estimated
useful lives, which are as follows: equipment&#x2014;&lt;span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife_iI_dtY_c20240731__us-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis__us-gaap--EquipmentMember__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MinimumMember_zIBt7qCxGref" title="Estimated useful lives of long-lived assets"&gt;5&lt;/span&gt; and &lt;span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife_iI_dtY_c20240731__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MaximumMember__us-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis__us-gaap--EquipmentMember_zMA3oyrnBgv8" title="Estimated useful lives of long-lived assets"&gt;7&lt;/span&gt; years; computer software&#x2014;&lt;span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife_iI_dtY_c20240731__us-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis__custom--ComputerSoftwareMember_zslQCsrFPBB3" title="Estimated useful lives of long-lived assets"&gt;3&lt;/span&gt; years; and furniture and fixtures&#x2014;&lt;span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife_iI_dtY_c20240731__us-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis__us-gaap--FurnitureAndFixturesMember_zVo0M4RMGirh" title="Estimated useful lives of long-lived assets"&gt;5&lt;/span&gt;
years. Leasehold improvements are recorded at cost and are depreciated on a straight-line basis over the term of their lease or their
estimated useful lives, whichever is shorter.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Non-compete
agreements, customer relationships, and tradenames are amortized over their estimated useful lives (see Notes 6 and 12).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company tests the recoverability of its property, plant, and equipment and intangible assets with finite useful lives whenever events
or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the asset may not be recoverable. The Company tests for recoverability
based on the projected undiscounted cash flows to be derived from such asset. If the projected undiscounted future cash flows are less
than the carrying value of the asset, the Company will record an impairment loss, if any, based on the difference between the estimated
fair value and the carrying value of the asset. The Company generally measures fair value by considering sale prices for similar assets
or by discounting estimated future cash flows from such asset using an appropriate discount rate. Cash flow projections and fair value
estimates require significant estimates and assumptions by management. Should the estimates and assumptions prove to be incorrect, the
Company may be required to record impairments in future periods and such impairments could be material.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentPolicyTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife
      contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31_us-gaap_EquipmentMember_srt_MinimumMember"
      id="Fact001037">P5Y</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife>
    <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife
      contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31_srt_MaximumMember_us-gaap_EquipmentMember"
      id="Fact001039">P7Y</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife>
    <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife
      contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31_custom_ComputerSoftwareMember"
      id="Fact001041">P3Y</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife>
    <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife
      contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31_us-gaap_FurnitureAndFixturesMember"
      id="Fact001043">P5Y</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentUsefulLife>
    <us-gaap:GoodwillAndIntangibleAssetsGoodwillPolicy contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" id="Fact001045">&lt;p id="xdx_844_eus-gaap--GoodwillAndIntangibleAssetsGoodwillPolicy_zM8SJCvOWAac" style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_863_zvxMJs8GKFZf"&gt;Goodwill&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Goodwill
is the excess of the consideration paid for a business over the fair value of the identifiable net assets acquired. Goodwill and other
indefinite lived intangible assets are not amortized. Instead, these assets are reviewed annually (or more frequently under various conditions)
for impairment. The Company has the option to perform a qualitative assessment to determine whether it is necessary to perform the quantitative
goodwill impairment test. However, the Company may elect to perform the quantitative goodwill impairment test even if no indications
of a potential impairment exist.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;When
performing its quantitative annual, or an interim (when conditions warrant), goodwill impairment test the Company compares the fair value of its reporting
units with their carrying amounts. The Company would recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount
exceeds the reporting unit&#x2019;s fair value; however, the loss recognized would not exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated
to that reporting unit. Additionally, the Company considers income tax effects from any tax-deductible goodwill on the carrying
amount of its reporting unit when measuring the goodwill impairment loss, if applicable. The fair value of the reporting units is
estimated using discounted cash flow methodologies, as well as considering third party market value indicators. The Company&#x2019;s
use of a discounted cash flow methodology includes estimates of future revenue based upon budgets and projections. The Company also
develops estimates for future levels of gross and operating profits and projected capital expenditures. The Company&#x2019;s
methodology also includes the use of estimated discount rates based upon industry and competitor analysis as well as other factors.
Calculating the fair value of the reporting units requires significant estimates and assumptions by management. Should the estimates
and assumptions regarding the fair value of the reporting units prove to be incorrect, the Company may be required to record
impairments to its goodwill in future periods and such impairments could be material.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</us-gaap:GoodwillAndIntangibleAssetsGoodwillPolicy>
    <us-gaap:AdvertisingCostsPolicyTextBlock contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" id="Fact001047">&lt;p id="xdx_842_eus-gaap--AdvertisingCostsPolicyTextBlock_z5j55ECmcjl2" style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_860_zm21vnQjgco2"&gt;Advertising
Expense&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Cost
of advertising is charged to selling, general and administrative expense in the period in which it is incurred. In fiscal 2024, fiscal
2023, and fiscal 2022, advertising expense was $&lt;span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--AdvertisingExpense_pn5n6_c20230801__20240731_z6zBPi6hR5c2" title="Advertising expense"&gt;19.0 &lt;/span&gt;million, $&lt;span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--AdvertisingExpense_pn5n6_c20220801__20230731_zsH72kBYJ1Y2" title="Advertising expense"&gt;17.9&lt;/span&gt; million, and $&lt;span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--AdvertisingExpense_pn5n6_c20210801__20220731_zUQmxg6vVeog" title="Advertising expense"&gt;17.0&lt;/span&gt; million, respectively.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</us-gaap:AdvertisingCostsPolicyTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:AdvertisingExpense
      contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31"
      decimals="-5"
      id="Fact001049"
      unitRef="USD">19000000.0</us-gaap:AdvertisingExpense>
    <us-gaap:AdvertisingExpense
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31"
      decimals="-5"
      id="Fact001051"
      unitRef="USD">17900000</us-gaap:AdvertisingExpense>
    <us-gaap:AdvertisingExpense
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31"
      decimals="-5"
      id="Fact001053"
      unitRef="USD">17000000.0</us-gaap:AdvertisingExpense>
    <us-gaap:InternalUseSoftwarePolicy contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" id="Fact001055">&lt;p id="xdx_84E_eus-gaap--InternalUseSoftwarePolicy_zvqcYfGBKGab" style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_865_zO7OV3mU92ci"&gt;Capitalized
Internal Use Software Costs&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_907_ecustom--InternalUseSoftwarePolicyDescription_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis__us-gaap--SoftwareAndSoftwareDevelopmentCostsMember_zGmVodas4Igl" title="Internal use software policy description"&gt;The
Company capitalizes the cost of internal-use software that has a useful life in excess of one year.&lt;/span&gt; These costs consist of payments made
to third parties and the salaries of employees working on such software development. Subsequent additions, modifications or upgrades
to internal-use software are capitalized only to the extent that they allow the software to perform a task it previously did not perform.
Software maintenance and training costs are charged to expense in the period in which they are incurred. Capitalized internal use software
costs are amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives. Amortization expense related to such capitalized software
in fiscal 2024, fiscal 2023, and fiscal 2022 was $&lt;span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--CapitalizedComputerSoftwareAmortization1_pn5n6_c20230801__20240731_zrkXrXPqvQKb" title="Amortization expense"&gt;12.8&lt;/span&gt; million, $&lt;span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--CapitalizedComputerSoftwareAmortization1_pn5n6_c20220801__20230731_zNAgCsMSkuWc" title="Amortization expense"&gt;13.2&lt;/span&gt; million, and $&lt;span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--CapitalizedComputerSoftwareAmortization1_pn5n6_c20210801__20220731_zg8fQwxApb9i" title="Amortization expense"&gt;12.2&lt;/span&gt; million, respectively. Unamortized capitalized
internal use software costs at July 31, 2024 and 2023 were $&lt;span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--CapitalizedComputerSoftwareNet_iI_pn5n6_c20240731_zAM47QmM4yWj" title="Unamortized capital expense"&gt;18.6&lt;/span&gt; million and $&lt;span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--CapitalizedComputerSoftwareNet_iI_pn5n6_c20230731_z1RQ0qQE76Qb" title="Unamortized capital expense"&gt;18.8&lt;/span&gt; million, respectively.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</us-gaap:InternalUseSoftwarePolicy>
    <IDT:InternalUseSoftwarePolicyDescription
      contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_us-gaap_SoftwareAndSoftwareDevelopmentCostsMember"
      id="Fact001057">The
Company capitalizes the cost of internal-use software that has a useful life in excess of one year.</IDT:InternalUseSoftwarePolicyDescription>
    <us-gaap:CapitalizedComputerSoftwareAmortization1
      contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31"
      decimals="-5"
      id="Fact001059"
      unitRef="USD">12800000</us-gaap:CapitalizedComputerSoftwareAmortization1>
    <us-gaap:CapitalizedComputerSoftwareAmortization1
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31"
      decimals="-5"
      id="Fact001061"
      unitRef="USD">13200000</us-gaap:CapitalizedComputerSoftwareAmortization1>
    <us-gaap:CapitalizedComputerSoftwareAmortization1
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31"
      decimals="-5"
      id="Fact001063"
      unitRef="USD">12200000</us-gaap:CapitalizedComputerSoftwareAmortization1>
    <us-gaap:CapitalizedComputerSoftwareNet
      contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31"
      decimals="-5"
      id="Fact001065"
      unitRef="USD">18600000</us-gaap:CapitalizedComputerSoftwareNet>
    <us-gaap:CapitalizedComputerSoftwareNet
      contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31"
      decimals="-5"
      id="Fact001067"
      unitRef="USD">18800000</us-gaap:CapitalizedComputerSoftwareNet>
    <us-gaap:MaintenanceCostPolicyPolicyTextBlock contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" id="Fact001069">&lt;p id="xdx_845_eus-gaap--MaintenanceCostPolicyPolicyTextBlock_zTvYmOJbPtkh" style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_86F_zq6Vk248a94f"&gt;Repairs
and Maintenance&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company charges the cost of repairs and maintenance, including the cost of replacing minor items not constituting substantial betterment,
to selling, general and administrative expense or technology and development expense as these costs are incurred.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</us-gaap:MaintenanceCostPolicyPolicyTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:ForeignCurrencyTransactionsAndTranslationsPolicyTextBlock contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" id="Fact001071">&lt;p id="xdx_847_eus-gaap--ForeignCurrencyTransactionsAndTranslationsPolicyTextBlock_zEIxWaUzwF52" style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_863_z8SqqbhGSwl6"&gt;Foreign
Currency Translation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Assets
and liabilities of foreign subsidiaries denominated in foreign currencies are translated to U.S. Dollars at end-of-period rates of exchange,
and their monthly results of operations are translated to U.S. Dollars at the average rates of exchange for that month. Gains or losses
resulting from such foreign currency translations are recorded in &#x201c;Accumulated other comprehensive loss&#x201d; in the accompanying
consolidated balance sheets. Foreign currency transaction gains and losses are reported in &#x201c;Other expense, net&#x201d; in the accompanying
consolidated statements of income.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</us-gaap:ForeignCurrencyTransactionsAndTranslationsPolicyTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:IncomeTaxPolicyTextBlock contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" id="Fact001073">&lt;p id="xdx_84D_eus-gaap--IncomeTaxPolicyTextBlock_zuwS0zY8Gk07" style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_869_zFp0n4G9qoLb"&gt;Income
Taxes&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company recognizes deferred tax assets and liabilities for the future tax consequences attributable to temporary differences between
the financial statements carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. A valuation allowance is
provided when it is more likely than not that some portion or all of a deferred tax asset will not be realized. The ultimate realization
of deferred tax assets depends on the generation of future taxable income during the period in which related temporary differences become
deductible. The Company considers the scheduled reversal of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income and tax planning
strategies in its assessment of a valuation allowance. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using the enacted tax rates expected
to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred
tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date of such change.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company uses a two-step approach for recognizing and measuring tax benefits taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. The Company
determines whether it is more-likely-than-not that a tax position will be sustained upon examination, including resolution of any related
appeals or litigation processes, based on the technical merits of the position. In evaluating whether a tax position has met the more-likely-than-not
recognition threshold, the Company presumes that the position will be examined by the appropriate taxing authority that has full knowledge
of all relevant information. Tax positions that meet the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold are measured to determine the amount
of tax benefit to recognize in the financial statements. The tax position is measured at the largest amount of benefit that is greater
than 50 percent likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement. Differences between tax positions taken in a tax return and amounts
recognized in the financial statements will generally result in one or more of the following: an increase in a liability for income taxes
payable, a reduction of an income tax refund receivable, a reduction in a deferred tax asset, or an increase in a deferred tax liability.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company classifies interest and penalties on income taxes as a component of income tax expense.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</us-gaap:IncomeTaxPolicyTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:CommitmentsAndContingenciesPolicyTextBlock contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" id="Fact001075">&lt;p id="xdx_846_eus-gaap--CommitmentsAndContingenciesPolicyTextBlock_zg766rs3RBug" style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_867_zapFAmyeR9xj"&gt;Contingencies&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company accrues for loss contingencies when both (a) information available prior to issuance of the financial statements indicates that
it is probable that a liability had been incurred at the date of the financial statements and (b) the amount of loss can reasonably be
estimated. When the Company accrues for loss contingencies and the reasonable estimate of the loss is within a range, the Company records
its best estimate within the range. When no amount within the range is a better estimate than any other amount, the Company accrues the
minimum amount in the range. The Company discloses an estimated possible loss or a range of loss when it is at least reasonably possible
that a loss may have been incurred.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</us-gaap:CommitmentsAndContingenciesPolicyTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:EarningsPerSharePolicyTextBlock contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" id="Fact001077">&lt;p id="xdx_842_eus-gaap--EarningsPerSharePolicyTextBlock_z1T3UWSrnOA1" style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_869_zBgYbddNq7hf"&gt;Earnings
Per Share&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Basic
earnings per share is computed by dividing net income attributable to all classes of common stockholders of the Company by the weighted
average number of shares of all classes of common stock outstanding during the applicable period. Diluted earnings per share is determined
in the same manner as basic earnings per share, except that the number of shares is increased to include restricted stock still subject
to risk of forfeiture and to assume exercise of potentially dilutive stock options using the treasury stock method, unless the effect
of such increase is anti-dilutive.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_893_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfEarningsPerShareDilutedByCommonClassTextBlock_zxGUjGZ2HVth" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
weighted-average number of shares used in the calculation of basic and diluted earnings per share attributable to the Company&#x2019;s
common stockholders consists of the following:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;span id="xdx_8BE_zW4lZwULr7A2" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Weighted-average Number of Shares Used in the Calculation of Basic and Diluted Earnings Per Share&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"&gt;Year ended July 31 &lt;br/&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_493_20230801__20240731_zWbMzk4B5bR2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_493_20220801__20230731_zESuaCVMa1Sj" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_499_20210801__20220731_zXo38ZnhSd5i" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2022&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic_pn3n3_zo6VFphWnrHe" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 52%"&gt;Basic weighted-average number of shares&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 12%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;25,241&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;25,517&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;25,791&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Effect of dilutive securities:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_403_eus-gaap--IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToCallOptionsAndWarrants_pn3n3_zK30cUYsOZAb" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: -8.65pt; padding-left: 17.3pt"&gt;Stock options&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;1&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;9&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;434&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToNonvestedSharesWithForfeitableDividends_pn3n3_zjNN2HCbT5th" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt; padding-left: 8.65pt"&gt;Non-vested restricted Class B common stock&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;156&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;51&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;131&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40B_eus-gaap--WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding_pn3n3_zVPhqI2ww3L9" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Diluted weighted-average number of shares&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;25,398&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;25,577&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;26,356&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_8A9_zzJa0cZfiYV7" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;There
were &lt;span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount_do_c20230801__20240731_zZmrlXp3yLyk" title="Shares excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount_do_c20220801__20230731_zMJUyWFTTj9i" title="Shares excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount_do_c20210801__20220731_z0gv6Tdcc8e7" title="Shares excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share"&gt;no&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; shares excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share in fiscal 2024, fiscal 2023, or fiscal 2022.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</us-gaap:EarningsPerSharePolicyTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:ScheduleOfEarningsPerShareDilutedByCommonClassTextBlock contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" id="Fact001079">&lt;p id="xdx_893_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfEarningsPerShareDilutedByCommonClassTextBlock_zxGUjGZ2HVth" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
weighted-average number of shares used in the calculation of basic and diluted earnings per share attributable to the Company&#x2019;s
common stockholders consists of the following:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;span id="xdx_8BE_zW4lZwULr7A2" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Weighted-average Number of Shares Used in the Calculation of Basic and Diluted Earnings Per Share&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"&gt;Year ended July 31 &lt;br/&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_493_20230801__20240731_zWbMzk4B5bR2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_493_20220801__20230731_zESuaCVMa1Sj" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_499_20210801__20220731_zXo38ZnhSd5i" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2022&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic_pn3n3_zo6VFphWnrHe" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 52%"&gt;Basic weighted-average number of shares&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 12%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;25,241&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;25,517&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;25,791&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Effect of dilutive securities:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_403_eus-gaap--IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToCallOptionsAndWarrants_pn3n3_zK30cUYsOZAb" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; text-indent: -8.65pt; padding-left: 17.3pt"&gt;Stock options&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;1&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;9&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;434&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToNonvestedSharesWithForfeitableDividends_pn3n3_zjNN2HCbT5th" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt; padding-left: 8.65pt"&gt;Non-vested restricted Class B common stock&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;156&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;51&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;131&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40B_eus-gaap--WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding_pn3n3_zVPhqI2ww3L9" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Diluted weighted-average number of shares&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;25,398&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;25,577&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;26,356&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
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Compensation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company recognizes compensation expense for its grants of stock-based awards based on the estimated fair value on the grant date. Compensation
cost for awards is recognized using the straight-line method over the requisite service period, which is usually the vesting period.
Stock-based compensation is included in selling, general and administrative expense and technology and development expense.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

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Due to Certain Concentrations&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Financial
instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentration of credit risk consist principally of cash, cash equivalents, restricted
cash and cash equivalents, debt securities, equity investments, and trade accounts receivable. The Company holds cash and cash equivalents
at several major financial institutions, which often exceed FDIC insurance limits. Historically, the Company has not experienced any
losses due to such concentration of credit risk. The Company&#x2019;s temporary cash investments policy is to limit the dollar amount
of investments with any one financial institution and monitor the credit ratings of those institutions. While the Company may be exposed
to credit losses due to the nonperformance of the holders of its deposits, the Company does not expect the settlement of these transactions
to have a material effect on its results of operations, cash flows, or financial condition.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
concentration of credit risk with respect to trade accounts receivable is limited due to the large number of customers in various geographic
regions and industry segments comprising the Company&#x2019;s customer base. No single customer accounted for more than 10% of consolidated
revenues in fiscal 2024, fiscal 2023 or fiscal 2022. However, the Company&#x2019;s five largest customers collectively accounted for &lt;span id="xdx_90D_ecustom--ConcentrationRiskThresholdPercentage_pid_dp_uPure_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_zWEjujsXLVBb" title="Concentration risk threshold, percentage"&gt;10.3&lt;/span&gt;%,
&lt;span id="xdx_90A_ecustom--ConcentrationRiskThresholdPercentage_pid_dp_uPure_c20220801__20230731__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_z17AtqKup5i1" title="Concentration risk threshold, percentage"&gt;10.8&lt;/span&gt;%, and &lt;span id="xdx_902_ecustom--ConcentrationRiskThresholdPercentage_pid_dp_uPure_c20210801__20220731__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--SalesRevenueNetMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_zZox5s00o0z4" title="Concentration risk threshold, percentage"&gt;12.5&lt;/span&gt;% of its consolidated revenues in fiscal 2024, fiscal 2023, and fiscal 2022, respectively. The Company&#x2019;s customers
with the five largest receivable balances collectively accounted for &lt;span id="xdx_909_ecustom--ConcentrationRiskThresholdPercentage_pid_dp_uPure_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--AccountsReceivableMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_zj5YdAwNYH9b" title="Concentration risk threshold, percentage"&gt;22.7&lt;/span&gt;% and &lt;span id="xdx_903_ecustom--ConcentrationRiskThresholdPercentage_pid_dp_uPure_c20220801__20230731__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByBenchmarkAxis__us-gaap--AccountsReceivableMember__us-gaap--ConcentrationRiskByTypeAxis__us-gaap--CustomerConcentrationRiskMember_zdIrhhFouxyj" title="Concentration risk threshold, percentage"&gt;16.7&lt;/span&gt;% of the consolidated gross trade accounts receivable
at July 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. This concentration of customers increases the Company&#x2019;s risk associated with nonpayment
by those customers. In an effort to reduce such risk, the Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of its significant customers. In
addition, the Company attempts to mitigate the credit risk related to specific IDT Global customers by also buying services from the
customer, in order to create an opportunity to offset its payables and receivables and reduce its net trade receivable exposure risk.
When it is practical to do so, the Company will increase its purchases from IDT Global customers with receivable balances that exceed
the Company&#x2019;s applicable payables in order to maximize the offset and reduce its credit risk.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;



&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</us-gaap:ConcentrationRiskCreditRisk>
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      contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_us-gaap_SalesRevenueNetMember_us-gaap_CustomerConcentrationRiskMember"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact001107"
      unitRef="Pure">0.103</IDT:ConcentrationRiskThresholdPercentage>
    <IDT:ConcentrationRiskThresholdPercentage
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31_us-gaap_SalesRevenueNetMember_us-gaap_CustomerConcentrationRiskMember"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact001109"
      unitRef="Pure">0.108</IDT:ConcentrationRiskThresholdPercentage>
    <IDT:ConcentrationRiskThresholdPercentage
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31_us-gaap_SalesRevenueNetMember_us-gaap_CustomerConcentrationRiskMember"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact001111"
      unitRef="Pure">0.125</IDT:ConcentrationRiskThresholdPercentage>
    <IDT:ConcentrationRiskThresholdPercentage
      contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_us-gaap_AccountsReceivableMember_us-gaap_CustomerConcentrationRiskMember"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact001113"
      unitRef="Pure">0.227</IDT:ConcentrationRiskThresholdPercentage>
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      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31_us-gaap_AccountsReceivableMember_us-gaap_CustomerConcentrationRiskMember"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact001115"
      unitRef="Pure">0.167</IDT:ConcentrationRiskThresholdPercentage>
    <IDT:AllowanceForCreditLossesAndAllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsPolicyTextBlock contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" id="Fact001117">&lt;p id="xdx_84E_ecustom--AllowanceForCreditLossesAndAllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsPolicyTextBlock_zVV3AEmuYBf6" style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_867_zvqLZDF0cO6j"&gt;Allowance
for Credit Losses and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Effective
with the adoption of ASU 2016-13 on August 1, 2023, the Company records an expense based on a forward-looking current expected credit
loss model to maintain its allowance for credit losses, which replaced the allowance for doubtful accounts. When determining its allowance
for trade accounts receivable, the Company considers the probability of recoverability of accounts receivable based on experience, taking
into account current collection trends and general economic factors, including bankruptcy rates. The Company also considers future economic
trends to estimate expected credit losses over the lifetime of the asset. Credit risks are assessed based on historical write-offs, net
of recoveries, as well as an analysis of the aged accounts receivable balances with allowances generally increasing as the receivable
ages. Accounts receivable may be fully reserved for when specific collection issues are known to exist, such as pending bankruptcies.
Account balances are written off against the allowance when it is determined that the receivable will not be recovered. The adoption
of ASU 2016-13 did not have a material impact on the Company&#x2019;s consolidated financial statements, and it was not necessary to record
a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of August 1, 2023.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Prior
to the adoption of ASU 2016-13, the Company estimated the balance of its allowance for doubtful accounts by analyzing accounts receivable
balances by age and applying historical write-off and collection trend rates. The Company&#x2019;s estimates included separately providing
for customer receivables based on specific circumstances and credit conditions, and when it was deemed probable that the balance was
uncollectible.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_89F_eus-gaap--AccountsReceivableAllowanceForCreditLossTableTextBlock_ztzPbgnVIHgc" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
changes in the allowance and reserves deducted from asset accounts is as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;span id="xdx_8B4_zZreWFoiz1pd" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Changes In Allowance and Reserves Deducted From Asset Accounts&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"&gt;Year ended July 31 &lt;br/&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;Balance at beginning of year&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;Additions charged to costs and expenses&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;Deductions &lt;br/&gt;(1)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;Balance at end of year&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;Deducted from asset accounts:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 20pt; width: 40%; text-align: left"&gt;Allowance for credit losses&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent_iS_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731_zHsTWeGxVFt5" style="width: 11%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Allowance for doubtful accounts, Balance at beginning of year"&gt;5,642&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98D_ecustom--ProvisionForAccountsReceivableDoubtfulAccounts_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731_zshT59LFM2Ga" style="width: 11%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Allowance for doubtful accounts, Additions charged to costs and expenses"&gt;3,402&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableWriteOffs_iN_pn3n3_di_c20230801__20240731_fKDEp_zPiRObONBhCk" style="width: 11%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Allowance for doubtful accounts, Deductions"&gt;(2,692&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent_iE_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731_zCw4fAj0MgDc" style="width: 11%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Allowance for doubtful accounts, Balance at end of year"&gt;6,352&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 20pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Reserve for losses on settlement assets&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98B_ecustom--SettlementAssetsReserve_iS_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731_z7vCSXqdlBa8" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Reserve for losses on settlement assets, Balance at beginning of year"&gt;1,143&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_984_ecustom--ProvisionForSettlementAssetsReserve_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731_z6humRffmc15" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Reserve for losses on settlement assets, Additions charged to costs and expenses"&gt;988&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_983_ecustom--SettlementAssetsReserveDeductions_iN_pn3n3_di_c20230801__20240731_fKDEp_zmecqNnnnfcd" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Reserve for losses on settlement assets, Deductions"&gt;(265&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98D_ecustom--SettlementAssetsReserve_iE_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731_z5oWHvvZ9QKi" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Reserve for losses on settlement assets, Balance at end of year"&gt;1,866&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 20pt; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Total&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_989_ecustom--AllowanceAndReservesDeductedFromAssetAccountsBalance_iS_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731_zJKxiyxqQPDh" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Allowance and reserves deducted from asset, Balance at beginning of year"&gt;6,785&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--ProvisionForDoubtfulAccounts_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731_zh6SzdVp62Ij" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Allowance and reserves deducted from asset, Additions charged to costs and expenses"&gt;4,390&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98F_ecustom--AllowanceAndReservesDeductedFromAssetAccountsDeductions_iN_pn3n3_di_c20230801__20240731_fKDEp_zuKZh0QTcMd9" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Allowance and reserves deducted from asset, Deductions"&gt;(2,957&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_985_ecustom--AllowanceAndReservesDeductedFromAssetAccountsBalance_iE_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731_za8l6Ekook4f" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Allowance and reserves deducted from asset, Balance at end of year"&gt;8,218&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;Deducted from asset accounts:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 20pt; text-align: left"&gt;Allowance for doubtful accounts&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent_iS_pn3n3_c20220801__20230731_zyDvvx84yO4a" style="text-align: right" title="Allowance for doubtful accounts, Balance at beginning of year"&gt;5,328&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_982_ecustom--ProvisionForAccountsReceivableDoubtfulAccounts_pn3n3_c20220801__20230731_zSlY661ObPLb" style="text-align: right" title="Allowance for doubtful accounts, Additions charged to costs and expenses"&gt;1,578&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableWriteOffs_iN_pn3n3_di_c20220801__20230731_fKDEp_zFzeaZUERiy5" style="text-align: right" title="Allowance for doubtful accounts, Deductions"&gt;(1,264&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent_iE_pn3n3_c20220801__20230731_zrZKcCIbbQNe" style="text-align: right" title="Allowance for doubtful accounts, Balance at end of year"&gt;5,642&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 20pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Reserve for losses on settlement assets&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98F_ecustom--SettlementAssetsReserve_iS_pn3n3_c20220801__20230731_zM7ssqfNPgLa" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Reserve for losses on settlement assets, Balance at beginning of year"&gt;554&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_989_ecustom--ProvisionForSettlementAssetsReserve_pn3n3_c20220801__20230731_zkDSuD4S6CSb" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Reserve for losses on settlement assets, Additions charged to costs and expenses"&gt;620&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98D_ecustom--SettlementAssetsReserveDeductions_iN_pn3n3_di_c20220801__20230731_fKDEp_z4m9NKtQIC3g" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Reserve for losses on settlement assets, Deductions"&gt;(31&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_984_ecustom--SettlementAssetsReserve_iE_pn3n3_c20220801__20230731_zJASWl1BVGEl" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Reserve for losses on settlement assets, Balance at end of year"&gt;1,143&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 20pt; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Total&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_986_ecustom--AllowanceAndReservesDeductedFromAssetAccountsBalance_iS_pn3n3_c20220801__20230731_z5o3GdYNxE46" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Allowance and reserves deducted from asset, Balance at beginning of year"&gt;5,882&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--ProvisionForDoubtfulAccounts_pn3n3_c20220801__20230731_z7cecI69oGij" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Allowance and reserves deducted from asset, Additions charged to costs and expenses"&gt;2,198&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_983_ecustom--AllowanceAndReservesDeductedFromAssetAccountsDeductions_iN_pn3n3_di_c20220801__20230731_fKDEp_zERNPXntbNvi" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Allowance and reserves deducted from asset, Deductions"&gt;(1,295&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_980_ecustom--AllowanceAndReservesDeductedFromAssetAccountsBalance_iE_pn3n3_c20220801__20230731_z0zQRRdKMUHa" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Allowance and reserves deducted from asset, Balance at end of year"&gt;6,785&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;2022&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;Deducted from asset accounts:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 20pt; text-align: left"&gt;Allowance for doubtful accounts&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent_iS_pn3n3_c20210801__20220731_zu4zqFKL4Y0b" style="text-align: right" title="Allowance for doubtful accounts, Balance at beginning of year"&gt;4,129&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_980_ecustom--ProvisionForAccountsReceivableDoubtfulAccounts_pn3n3_c20210801__20220731_zbrfT7NXXDC6" style="text-align: right" title="Allowance for doubtful accounts, Additions charged to costs and expenses"&gt;1,982&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableWriteOffs_iN_pn3n3_di_c20210801__20220731_fKDEp_zqrtnME8nnJh" style="text-align: right" title="Allowance for doubtful accounts, Deductions"&gt;(783&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent_iE_pn3n3_c20210801__20220731_zGc7jbVBZPMb" style="text-align: right" title="Allowance for doubtful accounts, Balance at end of year"&gt;5,328&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 20pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Reserve for losses on settlement assets&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_989_ecustom--SettlementAssetsReserve_iS_pn3n3_c20210801__20220731_z3UgQmyNyM2g" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Reserve for losses on settlement assets, Balance at beginning of year"&gt;309&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_986_ecustom--ProvisionForSettlementAssetsReserve_pn3n3_c20210801__20220731_z6H3AiBhs9G7" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Reserve for losses on settlement assets, Additions charged to costs and expenses"&gt;348&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_982_ecustom--SettlementAssetsReserveDeductions_iN_pn3n3_di_c20210801__20220731_fKDEp_z358OP65d3Wi" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Reserve for losses on settlement assets, Deductions"&gt;(103&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_982_ecustom--SettlementAssetsReserve_iE_pn3n3_c20210801__20220731_z3FYQPRfg2ch" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Reserve for losses on settlement assets, Balance at end of year"&gt;554&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 20pt; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Total&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98C_ecustom--AllowanceAndReservesDeductedFromAssetAccountsBalance_iS_pn3n3_c20210801__20220731_zay6n2A7oQS3" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Allowance and reserves deducted from asset, Balance at beginning of year"&gt;4,438&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--ProvisionForDoubtfulAccounts_pn3n3_c20210801__20220731_zywX2lxrL75c" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Allowance and reserves deducted from asset, Additions charged to costs and expenses"&gt;2,330&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98F_ecustom--AllowanceAndReservesDeductedFromAssetAccountsDeductions_iN_pn3n3_di_c20210801__20220731_fKDEp_z47jiwF9W6Mg" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Allowance and reserves deducted from asset, Deductions"&gt;(886&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98C_ecustom--AllowanceAndReservesDeductedFromAssetAccountsBalance_iE_pn3n3_c20210801__20220731_z6gOVy9Laf47" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Allowance and reserves deducted from asset, Balance at end of year"&gt;5,882&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 6pt; width: 100%"&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"&gt;
&lt;td id="xdx_F0F_z9X9ON5FPA63" style="width: 15pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(1)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 5pt"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_F13_zNG3pS1Hu1Fg" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Primarily uncollectible
accounts written off, net of recoveries.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_8AF_zDkpVCte4YUg" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</IDT:AllowanceForCreditLossesAndAllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsPolicyTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:AccountsReceivableAllowanceForCreditLossTableTextBlock contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" id="Fact001119">&lt;p id="xdx_89F_eus-gaap--AccountsReceivableAllowanceForCreditLossTableTextBlock_ztzPbgnVIHgc" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
changes in the allowance and reserves deducted from asset accounts is as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;span id="xdx_8B4_zZreWFoiz1pd" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Changes In Allowance and Reserves Deducted From Asset Accounts&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"&gt;Year ended July 31 &lt;br/&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;Balance at beginning of year&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;Additions charged to costs and expenses&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;Deductions &lt;br/&gt;(1)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;Balance at end of year&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;Deducted from asset accounts:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 20pt; width: 40%; text-align: left"&gt;Allowance for credit losses&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent_iS_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731_zHsTWeGxVFt5" style="width: 11%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Allowance for doubtful accounts, Balance at beginning of year"&gt;5,642&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98D_ecustom--ProvisionForAccountsReceivableDoubtfulAccounts_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731_zshT59LFM2Ga" style="width: 11%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Allowance for doubtful accounts, Additions charged to costs and expenses"&gt;3,402&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableWriteOffs_iN_pn3n3_di_c20230801__20240731_fKDEp_zPiRObONBhCk" style="width: 11%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Allowance for doubtful accounts, Deductions"&gt;(2,692&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent_iE_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731_zCw4fAj0MgDc" style="width: 11%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Allowance for doubtful accounts, Balance at end of year"&gt;6,352&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 20pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Reserve for losses on settlement assets&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98B_ecustom--SettlementAssetsReserve_iS_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731_z7vCSXqdlBa8" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Reserve for losses on settlement assets, Balance at beginning of year"&gt;1,143&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_984_ecustom--ProvisionForSettlementAssetsReserve_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731_z6humRffmc15" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Reserve for losses on settlement assets, Additions charged to costs and expenses"&gt;988&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_983_ecustom--SettlementAssetsReserveDeductions_iN_pn3n3_di_c20230801__20240731_fKDEp_zmecqNnnnfcd" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Reserve for losses on settlement assets, Deductions"&gt;(265&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98D_ecustom--SettlementAssetsReserve_iE_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731_z5oWHvvZ9QKi" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Reserve for losses on settlement assets, Balance at end of year"&gt;1,866&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 20pt; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Total&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_989_ecustom--AllowanceAndReservesDeductedFromAssetAccountsBalance_iS_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731_zJKxiyxqQPDh" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Allowance and reserves deducted from asset, Balance at beginning of year"&gt;6,785&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--ProvisionForDoubtfulAccounts_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731_zh6SzdVp62Ij" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Allowance and reserves deducted from asset, Additions charged to costs and expenses"&gt;4,390&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98F_ecustom--AllowanceAndReservesDeductedFromAssetAccountsDeductions_iN_pn3n3_di_c20230801__20240731_fKDEp_zuKZh0QTcMd9" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Allowance and reserves deducted from asset, Deductions"&gt;(2,957&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_985_ecustom--AllowanceAndReservesDeductedFromAssetAccountsBalance_iE_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731_za8l6Ekook4f" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Allowance and reserves deducted from asset, Balance at end of year"&gt;8,218&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;Deducted from asset accounts:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 20pt; text-align: left"&gt;Allowance for doubtful accounts&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent_iS_pn3n3_c20220801__20230731_zyDvvx84yO4a" style="text-align: right" title="Allowance for doubtful accounts, Balance at beginning of year"&gt;5,328&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_982_ecustom--ProvisionForAccountsReceivableDoubtfulAccounts_pn3n3_c20220801__20230731_zSlY661ObPLb" style="text-align: right" title="Allowance for doubtful accounts, Additions charged to costs and expenses"&gt;1,578&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableWriteOffs_iN_pn3n3_di_c20220801__20230731_fKDEp_zFzeaZUERiy5" style="text-align: right" title="Allowance for doubtful accounts, Deductions"&gt;(1,264&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent_iE_pn3n3_c20220801__20230731_zrZKcCIbbQNe" style="text-align: right" title="Allowance for doubtful accounts, Balance at end of year"&gt;5,642&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 20pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Reserve for losses on settlement assets&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98F_ecustom--SettlementAssetsReserve_iS_pn3n3_c20220801__20230731_zM7ssqfNPgLa" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Reserve for losses on settlement assets, Balance at beginning of year"&gt;554&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_989_ecustom--ProvisionForSettlementAssetsReserve_pn3n3_c20220801__20230731_zkDSuD4S6CSb" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Reserve for losses on settlement assets, Additions charged to costs and expenses"&gt;620&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98D_ecustom--SettlementAssetsReserveDeductions_iN_pn3n3_di_c20220801__20230731_fKDEp_z4m9NKtQIC3g" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Reserve for losses on settlement assets, Deductions"&gt;(31&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_984_ecustom--SettlementAssetsReserve_iE_pn3n3_c20220801__20230731_zJASWl1BVGEl" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Reserve for losses on settlement assets, Balance at end of year"&gt;1,143&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 20pt; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Total&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_986_ecustom--AllowanceAndReservesDeductedFromAssetAccountsBalance_iS_pn3n3_c20220801__20230731_z5o3GdYNxE46" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Allowance and reserves deducted from asset, Balance at beginning of year"&gt;5,882&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--ProvisionForDoubtfulAccounts_pn3n3_c20220801__20230731_z7cecI69oGij" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Allowance and reserves deducted from asset, Additions charged to costs and expenses"&gt;2,198&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_983_ecustom--AllowanceAndReservesDeductedFromAssetAccountsDeductions_iN_pn3n3_di_c20220801__20230731_fKDEp_zERNPXntbNvi" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Allowance and reserves deducted from asset, Deductions"&gt;(1,295&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_980_ecustom--AllowanceAndReservesDeductedFromAssetAccountsBalance_iE_pn3n3_c20220801__20230731_z0zQRRdKMUHa" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Allowance and reserves deducted from asset, Balance at end of year"&gt;6,785&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;2022&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;Deducted from asset accounts:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 20pt; text-align: left"&gt;Allowance for doubtful accounts&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent_iS_pn3n3_c20210801__20220731_zu4zqFKL4Y0b" style="text-align: right" title="Allowance for doubtful accounts, Balance at beginning of year"&gt;4,129&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_980_ecustom--ProvisionForAccountsReceivableDoubtfulAccounts_pn3n3_c20210801__20220731_zbrfT7NXXDC6" style="text-align: right" title="Allowance for doubtful accounts, Additions charged to costs and expenses"&gt;1,982&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableWriteOffs_iN_pn3n3_di_c20210801__20220731_fKDEp_zqrtnME8nnJh" style="text-align: right" title="Allowance for doubtful accounts, Deductions"&gt;(783&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent_iE_pn3n3_c20210801__20220731_zGc7jbVBZPMb" style="text-align: right" title="Allowance for doubtful accounts, Balance at end of year"&gt;5,328&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 20pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Reserve for losses on settlement assets&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_989_ecustom--SettlementAssetsReserve_iS_pn3n3_c20210801__20220731_z3UgQmyNyM2g" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Reserve for losses on settlement assets, Balance at beginning of year"&gt;309&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_986_ecustom--ProvisionForSettlementAssetsReserve_pn3n3_c20210801__20220731_z6H3AiBhs9G7" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Reserve for losses on settlement assets, Additions charged to costs and expenses"&gt;348&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_982_ecustom--SettlementAssetsReserveDeductions_iN_pn3n3_di_c20210801__20220731_fKDEp_z358OP65d3Wi" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Reserve for losses on settlement assets, Deductions"&gt;(103&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_982_ecustom--SettlementAssetsReserve_iE_pn3n3_c20210801__20220731_z3FYQPRfg2ch" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Reserve for losses on settlement assets, Balance at end of year"&gt;554&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 20pt; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Total&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98C_ecustom--AllowanceAndReservesDeductedFromAssetAccountsBalance_iS_pn3n3_c20210801__20220731_zay6n2A7oQS3" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Allowance and reserves deducted from asset, Balance at beginning of year"&gt;4,438&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--ProvisionForDoubtfulAccounts_pn3n3_c20210801__20220731_zywX2lxrL75c" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Allowance and reserves deducted from asset, Additions charged to costs and expenses"&gt;2,330&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98F_ecustom--AllowanceAndReservesDeductedFromAssetAccountsDeductions_iN_pn3n3_di_c20210801__20220731_fKDEp_z47jiwF9W6Mg" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Allowance and reserves deducted from asset, Deductions"&gt;(886&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98C_ecustom--AllowanceAndReservesDeductedFromAssetAccountsBalance_iE_pn3n3_c20210801__20220731_z6gOVy9Laf47" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Allowance and reserves deducted from asset, Balance at end of year"&gt;5,882&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 6pt; width: 100%"&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"&gt;
&lt;td id="xdx_F0F_z9X9ON5FPA63" style="width: 15pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(1)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 5pt"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_F13_zNG3pS1Hu1Fg" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Primarily uncollectible
accounts written off, net of recoveries.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;

</us-gaap:AccountsReceivableAllowanceForCreditLossTableTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent
      contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001121"
      unitRef="USD">5642000</us-gaap:AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent>
    <IDT:ProvisionForAccountsReceivableDoubtfulAccounts
      contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001123"
      unitRef="USD">3402000</IDT:ProvisionForAccountsReceivableDoubtfulAccounts>
    <us-gaap:AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableWriteOffs
      contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001125"
      unitRef="USD">2692000</us-gaap:AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableWriteOffs>
    <us-gaap:AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent
      contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001127"
      unitRef="USD">6352000</us-gaap:AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent>
    <IDT:SettlementAssetsReserve
      contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001129"
      unitRef="USD">1143000</IDT:SettlementAssetsReserve>
    <IDT:ProvisionForSettlementAssetsReserve
      contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001131"
      unitRef="USD">988000</IDT:ProvisionForSettlementAssetsReserve>
    <IDT:SettlementAssetsReserveDeductions
      contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001133"
      unitRef="USD">265000</IDT:SettlementAssetsReserveDeductions>
    <IDT:SettlementAssetsReserve
      contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001135"
      unitRef="USD">1866000</IDT:SettlementAssetsReserve>
    <IDT:AllowanceAndReservesDeductedFromAssetAccountsBalance
      contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001137"
      unitRef="USD">6785000</IDT:AllowanceAndReservesDeductedFromAssetAccountsBalance>
    <us-gaap:ProvisionForDoubtfulAccounts
      contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001139"
      unitRef="USD">4390000</us-gaap:ProvisionForDoubtfulAccounts>
    <IDT:AllowanceAndReservesDeductedFromAssetAccountsDeductions
      contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001141"
      unitRef="USD">2957000</IDT:AllowanceAndReservesDeductedFromAssetAccountsDeductions>
    <IDT:AllowanceAndReservesDeductedFromAssetAccountsBalance
      contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001143"
      unitRef="USD">8218000</IDT:AllowanceAndReservesDeductedFromAssetAccountsBalance>
    <us-gaap:AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent
      contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001145"
      unitRef="USD">5328000</us-gaap:AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent>
    <IDT:ProvisionForAccountsReceivableDoubtfulAccounts
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001147"
      unitRef="USD">1578000</IDT:ProvisionForAccountsReceivableDoubtfulAccounts>
    <us-gaap:AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableWriteOffs
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001149"
      unitRef="USD">1264000</us-gaap:AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableWriteOffs>
    <us-gaap:AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent
      contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001151"
      unitRef="USD">5642000</us-gaap:AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent>
    <IDT:SettlementAssetsReserve
      contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001153"
      unitRef="USD">554000</IDT:SettlementAssetsReserve>
    <IDT:ProvisionForSettlementAssetsReserve
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001155"
      unitRef="USD">620000</IDT:ProvisionForSettlementAssetsReserve>
    <IDT:SettlementAssetsReserveDeductions
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001157"
      unitRef="USD">31000</IDT:SettlementAssetsReserveDeductions>
    <IDT:SettlementAssetsReserve
      contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001159"
      unitRef="USD">1143000</IDT:SettlementAssetsReserve>
    <IDT:AllowanceAndReservesDeductedFromAssetAccountsBalance
      contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001161"
      unitRef="USD">5882000</IDT:AllowanceAndReservesDeductedFromAssetAccountsBalance>
    <us-gaap:ProvisionForDoubtfulAccounts
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001163"
      unitRef="USD">2198000</us-gaap:ProvisionForDoubtfulAccounts>
    <IDT:AllowanceAndReservesDeductedFromAssetAccountsDeductions
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001165"
      unitRef="USD">1295000</IDT:AllowanceAndReservesDeductedFromAssetAccountsDeductions>
    <IDT:AllowanceAndReservesDeductedFromAssetAccountsBalance
      contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001167"
      unitRef="USD">6785000</IDT:AllowanceAndReservesDeductedFromAssetAccountsBalance>
    <us-gaap:AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent
      contextRef="AsOf2021-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001169"
      unitRef="USD">4129000</us-gaap:AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent>
    <IDT:ProvisionForAccountsReceivableDoubtfulAccounts
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001171"
      unitRef="USD">1982000</IDT:ProvisionForAccountsReceivableDoubtfulAccounts>
    <us-gaap:AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableWriteOffs
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001173"
      unitRef="USD">783000</us-gaap:AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableWriteOffs>
    <us-gaap:AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent
      contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001175"
      unitRef="USD">5328000</us-gaap:AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent>
    <IDT:SettlementAssetsReserve
      contextRef="AsOf2021-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001177"
      unitRef="USD">309000</IDT:SettlementAssetsReserve>
    <IDT:ProvisionForSettlementAssetsReserve
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001179"
      unitRef="USD">348000</IDT:ProvisionForSettlementAssetsReserve>
    <IDT:SettlementAssetsReserveDeductions
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001181"
      unitRef="USD">103000</IDT:SettlementAssetsReserveDeductions>
    <IDT:SettlementAssetsReserve
      contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001183"
      unitRef="USD">554000</IDT:SettlementAssetsReserve>
    <IDT:AllowanceAndReservesDeductedFromAssetAccountsBalance
      contextRef="AsOf2021-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001185"
      unitRef="USD">4438000</IDT:AllowanceAndReservesDeductedFromAssetAccountsBalance>
    <us-gaap:ProvisionForDoubtfulAccounts
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001187"
      unitRef="USD">2330000</us-gaap:ProvisionForDoubtfulAccounts>
    <IDT:AllowanceAndReservesDeductedFromAssetAccountsDeductions
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001189"
      unitRef="USD">886000</IDT:AllowanceAndReservesDeductedFromAssetAccountsDeductions>
    <IDT:AllowanceAndReservesDeductedFromAssetAccountsBalance
      contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001191"
      unitRef="USD">5882000</IDT:AllowanceAndReservesDeductedFromAssetAccountsBalance>
    <us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementPolicyPolicyTextBlock contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" id="Fact001194">&lt;p id="xdx_84A_eus-gaap--FairValueMeasurementPolicyPolicyTextBlock_zSCVqeFQJQv4" style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_86F_zh3slqpTIq5j"&gt;Fair
Value Measurements&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Fair
value of financial and non-financial assets and liabilities is defined as an exit price, which is the price that would be received to
sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The three-tier
hierarchy for inputs used to measure fair value, which prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value, is
as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; width: 10%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Level
    1 &#x2013;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; vertical-align: bottom; width: 90%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;quoted
    prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Level
    2 &#x2013;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;quoted
    prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets or inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly
    or indirectly through market corroboration, for substantially the full term of the financial instrument.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Level
    3 &#x2013;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;unobservable
    inputs based on the Company&#x2019;s assumptions used to measure assets and liabilities at fair value.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;A
financial asset or liability&#x2019;s classification within the hierarchy is determined based on the lowest level input that is significant
to the fair value measurement. The assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement requires judgment
and may affect the valuation of the assets and liabilities being measured and their placement within the fair value hierarchy.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;



&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;

</us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementPolicyPolicyTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:LesseeLeasesPolicyTextBlock contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" id="Fact001196">&lt;p id="xdx_843_eus-gaap--LesseeLeasesPolicyTextBlock_zuFpm1G7FBkd" style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_86E_zkAltCCaJZ1k"&gt;Leases&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company determines whether an arrangement is a lease at the inception of the arrangement based on the terms and conditions in the contract.
A contract contains a lease if there is an identified asset which the Company has the right to control. The Company records a right-of-use
(&#x201c;ROU&#x201d;) asset and a lease liability on the balance sheet on the lease commencement date for all leases with terms longer
than 12 months. Leases are classified as either finance or operating, with classification affecting the pattern of expense recognition
in the income statement. The ROU asset and lease liability are recorded based on the present value of the Company&#x2019;s obligation
to make payments over the lease term. The present value of the lease payments is calculated using the incremental borrowing rate based
on the rate of interest that the Company would have to pay to borrow an amount equal to the lease payments on a collateralized basis
over a similar term. The Company recognizes lease cost for its leases on a straight-line basis over the lease term.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</us-gaap:LesseeLeasesPolicyTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:NewAccountingPronouncementsPolicyPolicyTextBlock contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" id="Fact001198">&lt;p id="xdx_84B_eus-gaap--NewAccountingPronouncementsPolicyPolicyTextBlock_zjYcyfNt8Roc" style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_866_zOLyIcAlDt4a"&gt;Recently
Adopted Accounting Standard&#x2014;Segment Reporting&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;On
August 1, 2024, the Company adopted ASU No. 2023-07, &lt;i&gt;Segment Reporting (Topic 280)&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures,
&lt;/i&gt;that is intended to improve the disclosures about reportable segments and add more detailed information about a reportable segment&#x2019;s
expenses. These changes will affect the Company&#x2019;s segment reporting beginning with its Annual Report for fiscal 2025 and its Quarterly
Reports in fiscal 2026 applied retrospectively to all prior periods presented. The amendments in the ASU require public entities to disclose
on an annual and interim basis significant segment expenses that are regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker (&#x201c;CODM&#x201d;)
and included within each reported measure of segment profit or loss, other segment items by reportable segment, the title and position
of the CODM, and an explanation of how the CODM uses the reported measures of segment profit or loss in assessing segment performance
and deciding how to allocate resources. The ASU does not change the definition of a segment, the method for determining segments, the
criteria for aggregating operating segments into reportable segments, or the current specifically enumerated segment expenses that are
required to be disclosed. The adoption of this ASU did not impact the Company&#x2019;s results of operations, cash flows, or financial
condition.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</us-gaap:NewAccountingPronouncementsPolicyPolicyTextBlock>
    <IDT:RecentlyIssuedAccountingStandardsNotYetAdoptedPolicyTextBlock contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" id="Fact001200">&lt;p id="xdx_843_ecustom--RecentlyIssuedAccountingStandardsNotYetAdoptedPolicyTextBlock_zLnMGk9lNtM5" style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_86C_z6XHTmPnRcug"&gt;Recently
Issued Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;In
December 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (&#x201c;FASB&#x201d;) issued ASU No. 2023-09, &lt;i&gt;Income Taxes (Topic 740)&lt;/i&gt;,
&lt;i&gt;Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures&lt;/i&gt;, primarily related to the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid disclosures as well
as certain other amendments to income tax disclosures. Entities will be required on an annual basis to consistently categorize and provide
greater disaggregation of rate reconciliation information and further disaggregate their income taxes paid. The Company will adopt the
amendments in this ASU for its fiscal year beginning on August 1, 2025. The amendments in this ASU should be applied on a prospective
basis, although retrospective application is permitted. The Company is evaluating the impact that this ASU will have on its consolidated
financial statements.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;In
December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-08, &lt;i&gt;Intangibles-Goodwill and Other-Crypto Assets (Subtopic 350-60)&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Accounting
for and Disclosure of Crypto Assets&lt;/i&gt;, that changes the accounting for crypto assets from a cost-less-impairment model to fair value,
with changes recognized in net income each reporting period. The ASU also requires enhanced disclosures including, among other things,
the name, cost basis, fair value, and number of units for each significant holding, and a rollforward of annual activity including additions,
dispositions, gains, and losses. The Company will adopt the amendments in this ASU for its fiscal year beginning on August 1, 2025. The
ASU requires a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings as of adoption. The Company is evaluating the
impact that this ASU will have on its consolidated financial statements.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;

</IDT:RecentlyIssuedAccountingStandardsNotYetAdoptedPolicyTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:SegmentReportingDisclosureTextBlock contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" id="Fact001202">&lt;p id="xdx_805_eus-gaap--SegmentReportingDisclosureTextBlock_zvZN50oLLCec" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Note
2&#x2014;&lt;span id="xdx_823_z8lmj7X6GtAe"&gt;Business Segment Information&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company&#x2019;s reportable segments are distinguished by types of service, customers, and methods used to provide their services. The
operating results of these business segments are regularly reviewed by the Company&#x2019;s CODM. The accounting policies of the segments
are the same as the accounting policies of the Company as a whole. There are no significant asymmetrical allocations to segments. The
Company evaluates the performance of its business segments based primarily on income (loss) from operations.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
NRS segment is an operator of a nationwide POS network providing independent retailers with store management software, electronic payment
processing, and other ancillary merchant services. NRS&#x2019; POS platform provides marketers with digital out-of-home advertising and
transaction data.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Fintech segment is comprised of: (i) BOSS Money, a provider of international money remittance and related value/payment transfer services;
and (ii) other, significantly smaller, financial services businesses, including a variable interest entity that operates money transfer
businesses, and IDT Financial Services Limited (&#x201c;IDT Financial Services&#x201d;), the Company&#x2019;s Gibraltar-based bank.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
net2phone segment is comprised of net2phone&#x2019;s integrated cloud communications and contact center services.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Traditional Communications segment includes: (i) IDT Digital Payments, which enables customers to transfer airtime and bundles of
airtime, messaging, and data to international and domestic mobile accounts; (ii) BOSS Revolution (formerly BOSS Revolution Calling),
an international long-distance calling service marketed primarily to immigrant communities in the United States and Canada; and
(iii) IDT Global, a wholesale provider of international voice and SMS termination and outsourced traffic management solutions to
telecoms worldwide. Traditional Communications also includes other small businesses and offerings including early-stage business
initiatives and mature businesses in harvest mode.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Corporate
costs mainly include compensation, consulting fees, treasury, tax and accounting services, human resources, corporate purchasing, corporate
governance including Board of Directors&#x2019; fees, internal and external audit, investor relations, corporate insurance, corporate
legal, and other corporate-related general and administrative expenses. Corporate does not generate any revenues, nor does it incur any
direct cost of revenues.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_899_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfSegmentReportingInformationBySegmentTextBlock_zXXgYgsraaPk" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Operating
results for the business segments of the Company were as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8BF_zkB6lFF6YP32" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Operating Results of Business Segments&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_4BE_us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember_zQq8DEK2MZE5" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;National Retail Solutions&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_4BC_us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_custom--FintechMember_zBcXmZhQ2HV9" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;Fintech&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_4B0_us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_custom--Net2phoneMember_zHR7PJTTWAU4" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;net2phone&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_4B2_us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_custom--TraditionalCommunicationsMember_z0JMkyt4ZTZd" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;Traditional Communications&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_4B8_us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_us-gaap--CorporateMember_zEPkJ6nxj1Sj" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;Corporate&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_4BB_zMU3epdJ1dK3" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;Total&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;Year ended July 31, 2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_438_c20230801__20240731_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zXmKojmdrJ6b" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 40%"&gt;Revenues&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 6%; text-align: right"&gt;103,141&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 6%; text-align: right"&gt;120,721&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 6%; text-align: right"&gt;82,325&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 6%; text-align: right"&gt;899,591&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 6%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1210"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 6%; text-align: right"&gt;1,205,778&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_437_c20230801__20240731_eus-gaap--OperatingIncomeLoss_pn3n3_zzuuECctU3P8" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Income (loss) from operations&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;21,626&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(130&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;1,681&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;56,435&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(14,859&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;64,753&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_436_c20230801__20240731_eus-gaap--DepreciationAndAmortization_iN_di_zrJlbjyqP4p4" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Depreciation and amortization&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(3,200&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(2,872&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(6,133&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(8,064&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(82&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(20,351&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;Year ended July 31, 2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_437_c20220801__20230731_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_z9Hx7JYlxMAg" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;Revenues&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;77,115&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;86,610&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;72,388&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;1,002,741&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1231"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;1,238,854&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_43F_c20220801__20230731_eus-gaap--OperatingIncomeLoss_pn3n3_zOd6GSUqR0Ih" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Income (loss) from operations&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;14,400&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(2,533&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(2,755&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;61,288&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(9,657&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;60,743&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_435_c20220801__20230731_eus-gaap--DepreciationAndAmortization_iN_di_zP0exwJ4bmJ6" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Depreciation and amortization&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(2,363&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(2,683&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(5,608&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(9,428&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(54&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(20,136&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;Year ended July 31, 2022&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_43F_c20210801__20220731_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zNuzGBiMzpJb" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;Revenues&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;51,299&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;64,593&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;58,185&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;1,189,980&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1252"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;1,364,057&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_43E_c20210801__20220731_eus-gaap--OperatingIncomeLoss_pn3n3_ziEiTSZ2L3tc" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Income (loss) from operations&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;11,208&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(6,887&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(11,132&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;75,826&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(8,926&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;60,089&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_43E_c20210801__20220731_eus-gaap--DepreciationAndAmortization_iN_di_z94Pbmgsi1I2" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Depreciation and amortization&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(906&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(2,231&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(5,374&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(9,527&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(77&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(18,115&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_8A5_zaJYkXqAcyjf" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Total
assets for the reportable segments are not provided because a significant portion of the Company&#x2019;s assets service multiple segments
and the Company does not track such assets separately by segment.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Geographic
Information&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_897_eus-gaap--LongLivedAssetsByGeographicAreasTableTextBlock_zN9DY2ZTj6ql" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Net
long-lived assets and total assets held outside of the United States, which are located primarily in Western Europe, were as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8B6_zoWAdLvHBqgc" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Net Long-lived Assets and Total Assets by Geographic Areas&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_4BB_srt--StatementGeographicalAxis_country--US_zOoet3StqWHi" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;United&lt;br/&gt; States&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_4BA_srt--StatementGeographicalAxis_custom--OtherCountriesMember_zYPZq2bx5h96" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;Other&lt;br/&gt; Countries&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_4BF_zB8oi6KRqNyf" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;Total&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;July 31, 2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_43C_c20240731_ecustom--EntityWideDisclosureOnGeographicAreasLongLivedAssetsAmount_iI_pn3n3_zkiTeu4PD22g" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 52%; text-align: left"&gt;Long-lived assets, net&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;28,825&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;13,100&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;41,925&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_438_c20240731_eus-gaap--Assets_iI_pn3n3_zNIMHDtdejxh" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Total assets&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;305,738&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;244,357&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;550,095&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;July 31, 2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_430_c20230731_ecustom--EntityWideDisclosureOnGeographicAreasLongLivedAssetsAmount_iI_pn3n3_zhLmZvtmqlX6" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Long-lived assets, net&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;29,415&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;14,780&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;44,195&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_437_c20230731_eus-gaap--Assets_iI_pn3n3_z5JRoeDk7jhf" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Total assets&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;267,746&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;243,064&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;510,810&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</us-gaap:SegmentReportingDisclosureTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:ScheduleOfSegmentReportingInformationBySegmentTextBlock contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" id="Fact001204">&lt;p id="xdx_899_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfSegmentReportingInformationBySegmentTextBlock_zXXgYgsraaPk" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Operating
results for the business segments of the Company were as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8BF_zkB6lFF6YP32" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Operating Results of Business Segments&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_4BE_us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember_zQq8DEK2MZE5" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;National Retail Solutions&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_4BC_us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_custom--FintechMember_zBcXmZhQ2HV9" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;Fintech&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_4B0_us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_custom--Net2phoneMember_zHR7PJTTWAU4" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;net2phone&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_4B2_us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_custom--TraditionalCommunicationsMember_z0JMkyt4ZTZd" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;Traditional Communications&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_4B8_us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_us-gaap--CorporateMember_zEPkJ6nxj1Sj" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;Corporate&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_4BB_zMU3epdJ1dK3" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;Total&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;Year ended July 31, 2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_438_c20230801__20240731_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zXmKojmdrJ6b" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 40%"&gt;Revenues&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 6%; text-align: right"&gt;103,141&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 6%; text-align: right"&gt;120,721&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 6%; text-align: right"&gt;82,325&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 6%; text-align: right"&gt;899,591&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 6%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1210"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 6%; text-align: right"&gt;1,205,778&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_437_c20230801__20240731_eus-gaap--OperatingIncomeLoss_pn3n3_zzuuECctU3P8" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Income (loss) from operations&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;21,626&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(130&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;1,681&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;56,435&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(14,859&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;64,753&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_436_c20230801__20240731_eus-gaap--DepreciationAndAmortization_iN_di_zrJlbjyqP4p4" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Depreciation and amortization&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(3,200&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(2,872&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(6,133&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(8,064&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(82&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(20,351&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;Year ended July 31, 2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_437_c20220801__20230731_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_z9Hx7JYlxMAg" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;Revenues&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;77,115&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;86,610&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;72,388&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;1,002,741&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1231"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;1,238,854&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_43F_c20220801__20230731_eus-gaap--OperatingIncomeLoss_pn3n3_zOd6GSUqR0Ih" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Income (loss) from operations&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;14,400&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(2,533&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(2,755&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;61,288&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(9,657&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;60,743&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_435_c20220801__20230731_eus-gaap--DepreciationAndAmortization_iN_di_zP0exwJ4bmJ6" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Depreciation and amortization&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(2,363&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(2,683&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(5,608&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(9,428&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(54&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(20,136&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;Year ended July 31, 2022&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_43F_c20210801__20220731_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zNuzGBiMzpJb" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;Revenues&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;51,299&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;64,593&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;58,185&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;1,189,980&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1252"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;1,364,057&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_43E_c20210801__20220731_eus-gaap--OperatingIncomeLoss_pn3n3_ziEiTSZ2L3tc" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Income (loss) from operations&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;11,208&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(6,887&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(11,132&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;75,826&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(8,926&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;60,089&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_43E_c20210801__20220731_eus-gaap--DepreciationAndAmortization_iN_di_z94Pbmgsi1I2" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Depreciation and amortization&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(906&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(2,231&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(5,374&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(9,527&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(77&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(18,115&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

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      id="Fact001206"
      unitRef="USD">103141000</us-gaap:Revenues>
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      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001207"
      unitRef="USD">120721000</us-gaap:Revenues>
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      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001208"
      unitRef="USD">82325000</us-gaap:Revenues>
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      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001209"
      unitRef="USD">899591000</us-gaap:Revenues>
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      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001211"
      unitRef="USD">1205778000</us-gaap:Revenues>
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      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001213"
      unitRef="USD">21626000</us-gaap:OperatingIncomeLoss>
    <us-gaap:OperatingIncomeLoss
      contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_custom_FintechMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001214"
      unitRef="USD">-130000</us-gaap:OperatingIncomeLoss>
    <us-gaap:OperatingIncomeLoss
      contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_custom_Net2phoneMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001215"
      unitRef="USD">1681000</us-gaap:OperatingIncomeLoss>
    <us-gaap:OperatingIncomeLoss
      contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_custom_TraditionalCommunicationsMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001216"
      unitRef="USD">56435000</us-gaap:OperatingIncomeLoss>
    <us-gaap:OperatingIncomeLoss
      contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_us-gaap_CorporateMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001217"
      unitRef="USD">-14859000</us-gaap:OperatingIncomeLoss>
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      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001218"
      unitRef="USD">64753000</us-gaap:OperatingIncomeLoss>
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      contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_custom_NationalRetailSolutionsMember106792515"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001220"
      unitRef="USD">3200000</us-gaap:DepreciationAndAmortization>
    <us-gaap:DepreciationAndAmortization
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      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001221"
      unitRef="USD">2872000</us-gaap:DepreciationAndAmortization>
    <us-gaap:DepreciationAndAmortization
      contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_custom_Net2phoneMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001222"
      unitRef="USD">6133000</us-gaap:DepreciationAndAmortization>
    <us-gaap:DepreciationAndAmortization
      contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_custom_TraditionalCommunicationsMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001223"
      unitRef="USD">8064000</us-gaap:DepreciationAndAmortization>
    <us-gaap:DepreciationAndAmortization
      contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_us-gaap_CorporateMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001224"
      unitRef="USD">82000</us-gaap:DepreciationAndAmortization>
    <us-gaap:DepreciationAndAmortization
      contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001225"
      unitRef="USD">20351000</us-gaap:DepreciationAndAmortization>
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      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31_custom_NationalRetailSolutionsMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001227"
      unitRef="USD">77115000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31_custom_FintechMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001228"
      unitRef="USD">86610000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
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      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001229"
      unitRef="USD">72388000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
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      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001230"
      unitRef="USD">1002741000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
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      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001232"
      unitRef="USD">1238854000</us-gaap:Revenues>
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      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001234"
      unitRef="USD">14400000</us-gaap:OperatingIncomeLoss>
    <us-gaap:OperatingIncomeLoss
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      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001235"
      unitRef="USD">-2533000</us-gaap:OperatingIncomeLoss>
    <us-gaap:OperatingIncomeLoss
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      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001236"
      unitRef="USD">-2755000</us-gaap:OperatingIncomeLoss>
    <us-gaap:OperatingIncomeLoss
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31_custom_TraditionalCommunicationsMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001237"
      unitRef="USD">61288000</us-gaap:OperatingIncomeLoss>
    <us-gaap:OperatingIncomeLoss
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31_us-gaap_CorporateMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001238"
      unitRef="USD">-9657000</us-gaap:OperatingIncomeLoss>
    <us-gaap:OperatingIncomeLoss
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      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001239"
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      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001241"
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    <us-gaap:DepreciationAndAmortization
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      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001242"
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      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001243"
      unitRef="USD">5608000</us-gaap:DepreciationAndAmortization>
    <us-gaap:DepreciationAndAmortization
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      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001244"
      unitRef="USD">9428000</us-gaap:DepreciationAndAmortization>
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      id="Fact001245"
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      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001246"
      unitRef="USD">20136000</us-gaap:DepreciationAndAmortization>
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      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001248"
      unitRef="USD">51299000</us-gaap:Revenues>
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      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001249"
      unitRef="USD">64593000</us-gaap:Revenues>
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      id="Fact001250"
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      id="Fact001251"
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      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001253"
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      id="Fact001255"
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      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001256"
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      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001257"
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      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001258"
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      id="Fact001259"
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      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001260"
      unitRef="USD">60089000</us-gaap:OperatingIncomeLoss>
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      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001262"
      unitRef="USD">906000</us-gaap:DepreciationAndAmortization>
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      id="Fact001263"
      unitRef="USD">2231000</us-gaap:DepreciationAndAmortization>
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      id="Fact001264"
      unitRef="USD">5374000</us-gaap:DepreciationAndAmortization>
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      id="Fact001265"
      unitRef="USD">9527000</us-gaap:DepreciationAndAmortization>
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      id="Fact001266"
      unitRef="USD">77000</us-gaap:DepreciationAndAmortization>
    <us-gaap:DepreciationAndAmortization
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      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001267"
      unitRef="USD">18115000</us-gaap:DepreciationAndAmortization>
    <us-gaap:LongLivedAssetsByGeographicAreasTableTextBlock contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" id="Fact001269">&lt;p id="xdx_897_eus-gaap--LongLivedAssetsByGeographicAreasTableTextBlock_zN9DY2ZTj6ql" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Net
long-lived assets and total assets held outside of the United States, which are located primarily in Western Europe, were as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8B6_zoWAdLvHBqgc" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Net Long-lived Assets and Total Assets by Geographic Areas&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_4BB_srt--StatementGeographicalAxis_country--US_zOoet3StqWHi" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;United&lt;br/&gt; States&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_4BA_srt--StatementGeographicalAxis_custom--OtherCountriesMember_zYPZq2bx5h96" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;Other&lt;br/&gt; Countries&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_4BF_zB8oi6KRqNyf" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;Total&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;July 31, 2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_43C_c20240731_ecustom--EntityWideDisclosureOnGeographicAreasLongLivedAssetsAmount_iI_pn3n3_zkiTeu4PD22g" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 52%; text-align: left"&gt;Long-lived assets, net&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;28,825&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;13,100&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;41,925&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_438_c20240731_eus-gaap--Assets_iI_pn3n3_zNIMHDtdejxh" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Total assets&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;305,738&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;244,357&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;550,095&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;July 31, 2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_430_c20230731_ecustom--EntityWideDisclosureOnGeographicAreasLongLivedAssetsAmount_iI_pn3n3_zhLmZvtmqlX6" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Long-lived assets, net&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;29,415&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;14,780&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;44,195&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_437_c20230731_eus-gaap--Assets_iI_pn3n3_z5JRoeDk7jhf" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Total assets&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;267,746&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;243,064&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;510,810&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</us-gaap:LongLivedAssetsByGeographicAreasTableTextBlock>
    <IDT:EntityWideDisclosureOnGeographicAreasLongLivedAssetsAmount
      contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31_country_US"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001271"
      unitRef="USD">28825000</IDT:EntityWideDisclosureOnGeographicAreasLongLivedAssetsAmount>
    <IDT:EntityWideDisclosureOnGeographicAreasLongLivedAssetsAmount
      contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31_custom_OtherCountriesMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001272"
      unitRef="USD">13100000</IDT:EntityWideDisclosureOnGeographicAreasLongLivedAssetsAmount>
    <IDT:EntityWideDisclosureOnGeographicAreasLongLivedAssetsAmount
      contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001273"
      unitRef="USD">41925000</IDT:EntityWideDisclosureOnGeographicAreasLongLivedAssetsAmount>
    <us-gaap:Assets
      contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31_country_US"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001275"
      unitRef="USD">305738000</us-gaap:Assets>
    <us-gaap:Assets
      contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31_custom_OtherCountriesMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001276"
      unitRef="USD">244357000</us-gaap:Assets>
    <us-gaap:Assets
      contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001277"
      unitRef="USD">550095000</us-gaap:Assets>
    <IDT:EntityWideDisclosureOnGeographicAreasLongLivedAssetsAmount
      contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31_country_US"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001279"
      unitRef="USD">29415000</IDT:EntityWideDisclosureOnGeographicAreasLongLivedAssetsAmount>
    <IDT:EntityWideDisclosureOnGeographicAreasLongLivedAssetsAmount
      contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31_custom_OtherCountriesMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001280"
      unitRef="USD">14780000</IDT:EntityWideDisclosureOnGeographicAreasLongLivedAssetsAmount>
    <IDT:EntityWideDisclosureOnGeographicAreasLongLivedAssetsAmount
      contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001281"
      unitRef="USD">44195000</IDT:EntityWideDisclosureOnGeographicAreasLongLivedAssetsAmount>
    <us-gaap:Assets
      contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31_country_US"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001283"
      unitRef="USD">267746000</us-gaap:Assets>
    <us-gaap:Assets
      contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31_custom_OtherCountriesMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001284"
      unitRef="USD">243064000</us-gaap:Assets>
    <us-gaap:Assets
      contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001285"
      unitRef="USD">510810000</us-gaap:Assets>
    <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerTextBlock contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" id="Fact001287">&lt;p id="xdx_804_eus-gaap--RevenueFromContractWithCustomerTextBlock_znb4KFUWswta" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Note
3&#x2014;&lt;span id="xdx_827_zPkwBjG2qOFb"&gt;Revenue Recognition&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Contracts
with Customers&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company earns revenue from contracts with customers, primarily through the provision of retail telecommunications and payment offerings
as well as wholesale international voice and SMS termination. BOSS Money, NRS, and net2phone are technology-driven, synergistic businesses
that leverage the Company&#x2019;s core assets. BOSS Money&#x2019;s and NRS&#x2019; revenues are primarily recognized at a point in time,
and net2phone&#x2019;s revenue is mainly recognized over time. Traditional Communications&#x2019; offerings are mostly minute-based, paid-voice communications
services, and revenue is primarily recognized at a point in time. The Company&#x2019;s most significant revenue streams are from IDT Digital
Payments, BOSS Revolution, and IDT Global. IDT Digital Payments and BOSS Revolution are sold direct-to-consumers and
through distributors and retailers.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;IDT
Digital Payments&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;IDT
Digital Payments is sold direct-to-consumer and through distributors and retailers in the same manner as BOSS Revolution (see
below). The Company does not terminate the minutes in its IDT Digital Payments transactions. The Company&#x2019;s performance obligation
is to recharge (top-up) the airtime balance of a mobile account on behalf of the Company&#x2019;s customer. The Company has contracts
with various mobile operators or aggregators to provide the IDT Digital Payments service. The Company determined that it is the principal
in primarily all its IDT Digital Payments transactions as the Company controls the service to top-up a mobile account on behalf of the
Company&#x2019;s customer. However, for the portion of its IDT Digital Payments business where the Company has no customer service responsibilities,
no inventory risk, and does not establish the price, the Company determined that, as the Company is not considered to control the arrangement,
it acts as an agent of the mobile operators. The Company records gross revenues based on the amount billed to the customer when it is
the principal in the arrangement and records revenue net of the associated costs incurred when it acts as an agent in the arrangement.
The transfer of control happens at the point in time that the airtime is recharged, which is when the Company has a right to payment
and the customer has accepted the service. Accordingly, the performance obligation is satisfied, and revenue is recognized when the recharge
of the mobile account occurs.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;BOSS
Revolution direct-to-consumer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;BOSS
Revolution direct-to-consumer is offered on a pay-as-you-go basis or in unlimited plans. The customer prepays for service in
both cases, which results in a contract liability (deferred revenue). The contract term for pay-as-you-go plans is minute-to-minute and
includes separate performance obligations for the series of material rights to renew the contract. The performance obligation is satisfied
immediately after it arises, and the amount of consideration is known when the obligation is satisfied. Since the Company&#x2019;s satisfaction
of its performance obligation and the customer&#x2019;s use of the service occur simultaneously, the Company recognizes revenue at the
point in time when minutes are utilized, since the customer obtained control and the Company has a present right to payment. For unlimited
plans, the Company has a stand-ready obligation to provide service over time for an agreed upon term. Unlimited plans include fixed consideration
over the term. Plan fees for unlimited plans are generally refundable at the request of the customer up to three days after payment if
there was no usage. Since the Company&#x2019;s satisfaction of its performance obligation and the customer&#x2019;s use of the service
occur over the term of the plan, the Company recognizes revenue over a period of time as the service is rendered. The Company uses an
output method as time elapses because it reflects the pattern by which the Company satisfies its performance obligation through the transfer
of service to the customer. The fixed upfront consideration is recognized evenly over the service period, which is generally 24 hours,
7 days, or one month.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;BOSS
Revolution sold through distributors and retailers&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;BOSS
Revolution sold through distributors and retailers is the same service as BOSS Revolution sold direct-to-consumer. The
Company sells capacity to international calling minutes to retailers, or to distributors who resell to retailers. The retailer or distributor
is the Company&#x2019;s customer in these transactions. The Company&#x2019;s sales price to retailers and distributors, net of discounts,
is less than the end user rate for BOSS Revolution minutes. The customer or the Company may terminate their agreement at any
time upon thirty days written notice without penalty. Retailers may sell BOSS Revolution on a pay-as-you-go basis or in unlimited
plans. As described above, for pay-as-you-go, the Company recognizes revenue at the point in time when minutes are utilized, and for
unlimited plans, the Company recognizes revenue over a period of time as the service is rendered. Retailers and distributors also receive
initial commissions upon sale to end users, and renewal commissions when certain end users subsequently purchase minutes directly from
the Company. Initial and renewal commission payments are accounted for as a reduction of the transaction price over time as the end user
uses the service.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;IDT
Global&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;IDT
Global services are offered to both postpaid and prepaid customers. Postpaid customers are billed in arrears and typically consist of
credit-worthy companies such as Tier 1 carriers and mobile network operators. Prepaid customers are typically smaller communications
companies and independent call aggregators. There is no performance obligation until the transport and termination of international long-distance
calls commences. The initial contract durations range from six months to one year, and generally have successive extensions. During the
initial term, the contract can only be terminated in certain instances (such as bankruptcy of either party, damage to the other party&#x2019;s
network, fraud, or breach of contract). However, no penalties are applied if the agreement is terminated in the initial term. After the
initial term has expired, either party may terminate the agreement with notice of 30 days to 60 days depending on the agreement. The
term of the contract is essentially minute-to-minute as there is no penalty for an early termination and no obligation to send traffic.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Each
iteration is a separate optional purchase that occurs over the contract duration (that is, minute-by-minute). The satisfaction of the
performance obligation is occurring at a point in time (as the minutes are transferred) because the provision of the service and the
satisfaction of the performance obligation are essentially occurring simultaneously. Revenue is recognized at the point in time upon
delivery of the service.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company has not generally entered into contracts that have retroactive pricing features. Additionally, as the performance obligations
are considered minute-by-minute obligations in the original contract, any modification of the original contract that leads to a conclusion
that there is a new contract would not result in any adjustment related to the original contract&#x2019;s consideration.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company provides discounts to its larger customers based on the expectation of a significant volume of minutes that are consistent with
that class of customer in the wholesale carrier market. The discounts do not provide a material right to the customer because the customer
receives the same pricing for all usage under the contract.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;IDT
Global&#x2019;s contracts may include tiered pricing based on minute volumes. The Company determined that its retroactive tiered pricing
should be accounted for as variable consideration because the final transaction price is unknown until the customer completes or fails
to complete the specified threshold. Currently, contracts with retroactive tiered pricing are not material. The Company estimates the
amount of variable consideration to include in the transaction price only to the extent that it is probable that a subsequent change
in the estimate would not result in a significant revenue reversal.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company enters into Notification of Reciprocal Transmission (&#x201c;NORT&#x201d;) transactions, in which the Company commits to purchase
a specific number of wholesale carrier minutes to specific destinations at specified rates, and the counterparty commits to purchase
from the Company a specific number of minutes to specific destinations at specified rates. The number of minutes purchased and sold is
not necessarily the same. The rates in these reciprocal transactions are generally not at prevailing market rates, and the amounts paid
to the counterparty in excess of market rates are reflected as a reduction in revenue received from the customer. In addition, the Company
enters into transactions in which it swaps minutes with another carrier. The Company recognizes revenue and the related direct cost of
revenue for these reciprocal and swap transactions based on the fair value of the minutes.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;IDT
Global&#x2019;s NORT contracts include the promise of minimum guaranteed amounts of traffic. The performance obligation represents a stand
ready obligation to provide the specified number of minutes over the contractual term. The initial terms of NORT contracts generally
range from one month to six months. Since the Company&#x2019;s satisfaction of its performance obligation of routing calls to their destination
includes a minimum guaranteed amount of traffic, the Company recognizes revenue over a period of time as the service is rendered. The
customer simultaneously receives and consumes the benefits provided by the Company&#x2019;s performance as the Company performs. The Company
uses an output method as the usage of minutes occur because it reflects the pattern by which the Company satisfies its performance obligation
through the transfer of service to the customer.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;National
Retail Solutions&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;NRS
earns revenue from (1) the sale of POS terminals to retailers, (2) a monthly recurring charge for its software license, software upgrades,
and help desk support (collectively, the &#x201c;Software services&#x201d;), (3) fees for advertising on the POS terminals, (4) sales of
the data collected by the POS terminals to data aggregators and others, and (5) merchant services&#x2019; commissions for the processing
of credit and debit card transactions on the POS terminals.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;NRS
sells its POS terminals to retailers. The terminals include a cash register, a barcode scanner, retailer
and customer-facing hi-definition screens, a receipt printer, and a credit card reader. The arrangement with the customer includes the
equipment sale including embedded POS software, as well as the Software services. Each hardware component and the Software services is
a separate performance obligation because each is a distinct good or service that can be obtained from alternate providers. The transaction
price is allocated to each performance obligation based on the relative standalone selling price (&#x201c;SSP&#x201d;). The SSP reflects
the amount the Company would charge for each performance obligation if it were sold separately in a standalone sale to similar customers
in similar circumstances. The SSP for POS terminals is generally estimated using the cost plus expected gross margin approach. Equipment revenue is recognized
at the point in time when the customer has physical possession of the POS terminal, which is when the customer can use the POS terminal
and embedded software and has the risks and rewards of ownership. Revenue from the Software services is recognized ratably over the term
of the contract because satisfaction of the performance obligation and the customer&#x2019;s use of the service occur evenly over the
term.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;NRS
sells advertising on the POS terminal&#x2019;s high-definition screens through internal sales agents, third-party brokers, and real-time
auctions on exchange platforms known as programmatic advertising. For advertising sold through its agents or a broker, as well as for
a portion of its programmatic advertising, NRS is the principal because it is responsible for performing the service by delivering advertisements
according to the customer&#x2019;s requirements. For the portion of its programmatic advertising where NRS does not control the ad space
before it is provided to the customer, NRS acts as an agent of the advertising exchange. NRS records gross revenues based on the amount
billed to the customer when it is the principal in the arrangement and records revenue net of the associated costs incurred when it acts
as an agent in the arrangement. The performance obligation is satisfied, and revenue is recognized during the period of time when the
advertisement is broadcast on the POS terminal.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;NRS
captures targeted, daily data from the POS terminals that it sells to customers. The performance obligation is the provision of a data
report, generally one report per POS terminal per week, where each report is a distinct good that is not interrelated with another report.
Customers purchase data reports generally for an annual fee per POS terminal. The consideration is variable because it depends on the
number of POS terminals selected. The performance obligation is satisfied, and revenue is recognized, at the point in time when the customer
receives a data report because the customer obtains control and has the benefit of the data. The amount recognized per report is the
same for each report since each report has the same standalone value to the customer.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;NRS&#x2019;
merchant services, called NRS PAY, enable retailers to accept and process payments made by credit cards, debit cards, electronic benefits transfer, and other forms of electronic payment. NRS PAY revenue is
a monthly fee plus a percentage of the transaction amount plus a flat rate per transaction. There is no separate charge for the credit
card reader provided to the retailers, which remains NRS&#x2019; property and must be returned upon termination of NRS PAY. Merchant services
are provided as an agent of the payment processor or funding bank, therefore NRS records revenue net of the associated costs incurred.
The performance obligation is satisfied, and revenue is recognized when the payment is processed.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
retailers&#x2019; use of the credit card reader is a separate performance obligation that meets the definition of a lease. The lease consideration
is included in the NRS PAY monthly recurring charge. NRS accounts for the non-lease and lease components as a single performance obligation
in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification &lt;i&gt;Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) &lt;/i&gt;(&#x201c;ASC 606&#x201d;)
because the timing and pattern of transfer of both components is the same, and the non-lease component is the predominant component.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;net2phone&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;net2phone
earns revenue primarily through the provision of cloud communications services for businesses. The services are priced on a per-seat basis,
and its subscription revenue is a monthly fee per seat. Revenue is primarily recognized over the monthly service period. Revenue from
the sale of telephone equipment is recognized at a point in time when the equipment is delivered to the customer.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;net2phone
leases telephone equipment to certain customers, which is a separate performance obligation that meets the definition of a lease. The
lease consideration is included in the monthly recurring charge. net2phone accounts for the non-lease and lease components as a single
performance obligation in accordance with ASC 606 because the timing and pattern of transfer of both components is the same, and the
non-lease component is the predominant component.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;BOSS
Money&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Revenues
from international money transfers are primarily from transaction fees charged to the customer based on the amount sent and the send
and receive locations. In addition, revenues are earned on the foreign currency exchange based on the difference between purchasing currency
at wholesale exchange rates and selling the currency at retail exchange rates. The Company satisfies its international money transfer
performance obligations and recognizes revenue at a point in time when the designated
recipient receives the funds, as the Company has a right to payment and the customer has use of the service. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Disaggregated
Revenues&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_89F_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfEntityWideInformationRevenueFromExternalCustomersByProductsAndServicesTextBlock_zNFwZjHcco0e" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
following table shows the Company&#x2019;s revenues disaggregated by business segment and service offered to customers:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8B3_zugOsZQtxgza" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Revenues Disaggregated by Business Segment and Service Offered to Customers&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"&gt;Year ended July 31&lt;br/&gt; (in thousands)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49D_20230801__20240731_zAOORw7bicmf" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_496_20220801__20230731_zfsg47kQGqKa" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_493_20210801__20220731_zH05XIXgbwy1" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2022&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_hus-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember_zhQM0hwEjEP3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 52%; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;National Retail Solutions&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 12%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;103,141&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;77,115&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;51,299&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_hsrt--ProductOrServiceAxis__custom--BOSSRevolutionMoneyTransferMember__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--FintechMember_zVSHrBL4iYPd" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;BOSS Money&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;108,332&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;76,928&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;55,561&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_405_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_hsrt--ProductOrServiceAxis__custom--OtherMember__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--FintechMember_zZRR1821GcRk" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Other&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;12,389&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;9,682&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;9,032&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40B_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_hus-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--FintechMember_zydIsMQnn55d" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Total Fintech&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;120,721&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;86,610&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;64,593&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_hus-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--Net2phoneMember_zWUITBSV2WZj" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;net2phone&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;82,325&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;72,388&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;58,185&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40B_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_hsrt--ProductOrServiceAxis__custom--IDTDigitalPaymentsMember__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--TraditionalCommunicationsMember_zw1ABTrSE9Vb" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;IDT Digital Payments&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;407,430&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;417,057&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;473,215&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_hsrt--ProductOrServiceAxis__custom--BOSSRevolutionMember__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--TraditionalCommunicationsMember_zbgFrDWL98B3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;BOSS Revolution &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;263,215&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;322,134&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;387,937&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40B_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_hsrt--ProductOrServiceAxis__custom--IDTGlobalMember__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--TraditionalCommunicationsMember_zZIYBUEZCwl1" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;IDT Global&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;201,119&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;230,281&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;292,337&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_hsrt--ProductOrServiceAxis__custom--OtherMember__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--TraditionalCommunicationsMember_zL7cP0HIoCZd" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Other&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;27,827&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;33,269&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;36,491&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40B_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_hus-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--TraditionalCommunicationsMember_zIUjXBp6QUn7" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Total Traditional Communications&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;899,591&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;1,002,741&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;1,189,980&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zuoizsEssO4" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;TOTAL&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;1,205,778&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;1,238,854&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;1,364,057&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_z0ab0oMIpsn7" style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;Revenues&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;1,205,778&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;1,238,854&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;1,364,057&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_8AD_zGk8tevXT6d7" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;



&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_897_eus-gaap--RevenueFromExternalCustomersByGeographicAreasTableTextBlock_zjnpJcJx41N1" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
following table shows the Company&#x2019;s revenues disaggregated by geographic region, which is determined based on selling location:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8BC_z04CQfslNBah" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Revenues Disaggregated by Geographic Region&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left; font-size: 9pt"&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right; font-size: 9pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="3" id="xdx_4BA_us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember_zc0sgK5eUnif" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right; font-size: 9pt"&gt;National Retail Solutions&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right; font-size: 9pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="3" id="xdx_4B9_us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_custom--FintechMember_zxZX5v2e8hnb" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right; font-size: 9pt"&gt;Fintech&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right; font-size: 9pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="3" id="xdx_4B9_us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_custom--Net2phoneMember_zjEn3jnR0Z54" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right; font-size: 9pt"&gt;net2phone&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right; font-size: 9pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="3" id="xdx_4B8_us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_custom--TraditionalCommunicationsMember_z9LMSgwwMVg7" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right; font-size: 9pt"&gt;Traditional Communications&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right; font-size: 9pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="3" id="xdx_4BF_zSRnQjLbmOoh" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right; font-size: 9pt"&gt;Total&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;Year ended July 31, 2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="3"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="3"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="3"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="3"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="3"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_431_c20230801__20240731__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__country--US_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_ztigETYAJRGl" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 35%; text-align: left"&gt;United States&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;103,141&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;116,732&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;44,617&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;658,460&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;922,950&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Outside the United States:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_436_c20230801__20240731__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__country--GB_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_z2PgodpI8Qe1" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;United Kingdom&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1347"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1348"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1349"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;209,493&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;209,493&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_43F_c20230801__20240731__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__custom--OthersMember_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_z9sMKr5acKUc" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Other&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1353"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;3,989&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;37,708&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;31,638&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;73,335&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_43D_c20230801__20240731__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__us-gaap--NonUsMember_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zVKxKSCv6Sg4" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;Total outside the United States&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1359"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;3,989&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;37,708&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;241,131&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;282,828&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_435_c20230801__20240731_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zAzcrj7NFmg4" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;TOTAL&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;103,141&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;120,721&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;82,325&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;899,591&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;1,205,778&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;Year ended July 31, 2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_43D_c20220801__20230731__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__country--US_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zHrjb9tevTN8" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;United States&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;77,115&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;83,883&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;38,029&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;693,193&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;892,220&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Outside the United States:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_43C_c20220801__20230731__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__country--GB_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zDPDfQyUb1G8" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;United Kingdom&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1377"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1378"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1379"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;267,697&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;267,697&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_432_c20220801__20230731__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__custom--OthersMember_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zelNpUyJGNgi" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Other&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1383"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2,727&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;34,359&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;41,851&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;78,937&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_432_c20220801__20230731__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__us-gaap--NonUsMember_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zCKwQAeLn6Y3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;Total outside the United States&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1389"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2,727&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;34,359&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;309,548&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;346,634&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_439_c20220801__20230731_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_z38UviCjvS33" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;TOTAL&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;77,115&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;86,610&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;72,388&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;1,002,741&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;1,238,854&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;Year ended July 31, 2022&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_434_c20210801__20220731__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__country--US_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zqVcleblNGLa" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;United States&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;51,299&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;62,598&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;30,283&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;829,355&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;973,535&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Outside the United States:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_432_c20210801__20220731__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__country--GB_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zUr6hJLzcGJe" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;United Kingdom&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1407"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1408"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1409"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;311,847&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;311,847&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_436_c20210801__20220731__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__custom--OthersMember_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_z7Vemjtc5cf9" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Other&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1413"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;1,995&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;27,902&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;48,778&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;78,675&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_430_c20210801__20220731__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__us-gaap--NonUsMember_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zVJ4CND8eEC7" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;Total outside the United States&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1419"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;1,995&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;27,902&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;360,625&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;390,522&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_437_c20210801__20220731_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zuDZPUZBsqml" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;TOTAL&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;51,299&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;64,593&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;58,185&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;1,189,980&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;1,364,057&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;
&lt;p id="xdx_8AC_zPZHcB71Kdz9" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Remaining
Performance Obligations&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_89C_eus-gaap--RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionTableTextBlock_zBvD8ViZ0NE2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
following table includes revenue by business segment expected to be recognized in the future from performance obligations that were unsatisfied
or partially unsatisfied as of July 31, 2024. The table excludes contracts that had an original expected duration of one year or less.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8BA_zh2izD0Kmx53" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Estimated Revenue by Business Segment&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_490_20240731__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember_zC1XlVcRSnxh" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;National Retail Solutions&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49E_20240731__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--Net2phoneMember_zzBnDhkfj4lc" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;net2phone&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_498_20240731_z5e8OOg8fjAe" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;Total&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;Year ending July 31:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligation_iI_hus-gaap--RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis__2025-08-01_zzHim3RJM8J" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; width: 52%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionPeriod1_iI_dxL_c20240731__us-gaap--RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis__2025-08-01_zEtpEIDzJ6C4" title="Remaining Performance Obligations, Years::XDX::P1Y"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1437"&gt;2025&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;6,359&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;39,537&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;45,896&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_403_eus-gaap--RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligation_iI_hus-gaap--RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis__2026-08-01_znBWh6BkLlg4" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionPeriod1_iI_dxL_c20240731__us-gaap--RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis__2026-08-01_zx6E13lXACSc" title="Remaining Performance Obligations, Years::XDX::P1Y"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1443"&gt;2026&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;5,263&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;18,983&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;24,246&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligation_iI_hus-gaap--RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis__2027-08-01_z5cbMoSRRjgj" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionPeriod1_iI_dxL_c20240731__us-gaap--RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis__2027-08-01_zwq4hSzxz4v5" title="Remaining Performance Obligations, Years::XDX::P0Y"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1449"&gt;Thereafter&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;4,828&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;6,627&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;11,455&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligation_iI_hus-gaap--RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis__2024-07-31_zuheD8doxfWg" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionPeriod1_iI_dxL_c20240731__us-gaap--RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis__2024-07-31_zb46rEotFUzi" title="Remaining Performance Obligations, Years::XDX::P0Y"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1455"&gt;TOTAL&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;16,450&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;65,147&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;81,597&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_8AB_zdCMBAQLO9j8" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Accounts
Receivable and Contract Balances&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
timing of revenue recognition may differ from the time of billing to the Company&#x2019;s customers. Trade accounts receivable in the
Company&#x2019;s consolidated balance sheets represent unconditional rights to consideration. The Company would record a contract asset
when revenue is recognized in advance of its right to bill and receive consideration. The Company has not currently identified any contract
assets.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Contract
liabilities arise when the Company receives consideration or bills its customers prior to providing the goods or services promised in
the contract. The Company&#x2019;s contract liability balance is primarily payments received for prepaid BOSS Revolution. Contract
liabilities are recognized as revenue when services are provided to the customer. The contract liability balances are presented in the
Company&#x2019;s consolidated balance sheets as &#x201c;Deferred revenue&#x201d;. The Company&#x2019;s revenue recognized in fiscal 2024,
fiscal 2023, and fiscal 2022 from amounts included in the contract liability balance at the beginning of the period was $&lt;span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--ContractWithCustomerLiabilityRevenueRecognized_pn5n6_c20230801__20240731_zHLKiTuQDIQ9" title="Contract liability"&gt;22.1&lt;/span&gt; million,
$&lt;span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--ContractWithCustomerLiabilityRevenueRecognized_pn5n6_c20220801__20230731_zlwuMC1AbQM8" title="Contract liability"&gt;23.5&lt;/span&gt; million, and $&lt;span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--ContractWithCustomerLiabilityRevenueRecognized_pn5n6_c20210801__20220731_zqhqWU7ct5Dl" title="Contract liability"&gt;28.2&lt;/span&gt; million, respectively.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company estimates its expected breakage revenue by revenue stream recorded each month, based on inputs and assumptions about usage of
the deferred revenue balances. The Company used its historical deferred revenue usage data by revenue stream to calculate the percentage
of deferred revenue by month that will become breakage. The historical data indicated that customers utilized a very high percentage
of minutes purchased in the first three months. The Company periodically reviews its estimates based on updated data and adjusts the
monthly estimates accordingly.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Deferred
Customer Contract Acquisition and Fulfillment Costs&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company recognizes as an asset its incremental costs of obtaining a contract with a customer that it expects to recover. The
Company&#x2019;s incremental costs of obtaining a contract with a customer are sales commissions paid to employees and third parties
on sales to end users. If the amortization period were one year or less for the asset that would be recognized from deferring these costs,
the Company applies the practical expedient whereby the Company charges these costs to expense when incurred.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company&#x2019;s costs to fulfill its contracts do not meet the criteria to be recognized as an asset, therefore these costs are charged
to expense as incurred.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_892_eus-gaap--CapitalizedContractCostTableTextBlock_zmuLxYdhylJ1" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company&#x2019;s deferred customer contract acquisition costs were as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8B7_z7JKZsKGlE9g" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Deferred Customer Contract Acquisition Costs&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"&gt;July 31 &lt;br/&gt; (in thousands)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49E_20240731_z7ISSQpkMJ86" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_494_20230731_zKIQpEP9TUZg" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_403_eus-gaap--CapitalizedContractCostNetCurrent_iI_pn3n3_maCCCNzHg2_zglHkE0yYZOe" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 60%; text-align: left"&gt;Deferred customer contract acquisition costs included in &#x201c;Other current assets&#x201d;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 16%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;4,823&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 16%; text-align: right"&gt;4,460&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--CapitalizedContractCostNetNoncurrent_iI_pn3n3_maCCCNzHg2_z0uzgtkmkeN6" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Deferred customer contract acquisition costs included in &#x201c;Other assets&#x201d;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;4,276&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;3,734&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_403_eus-gaap--CapitalizedContractCostNet_iTI_pn3n3_mtCCCNzHg2_zQPeA50OnI0h" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;TOTAL&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;9,099&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;8,194&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_8A0_z6QkyvUDnNGa" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;In
fiscal 2024, fiscal 2023, and fiscal 2022, the Company&#x2019;s amortization of deferred customer contract acquisition costs was $&lt;span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--CapitalizedContractCostAmortization_pn5n6_c20230801__20240731_zjWhDM4VkF34" title="Capitalized contract cost, amortization"&gt;5.8&lt;/span&gt;
million, $&lt;span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--CapitalizedContractCostAmortization_pn5n6_c20220801__20230731_zelShfJ82rV1" title="Capitalized contract cost, amortization"&gt;4.9&lt;/span&gt; million, and $&lt;span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--CapitalizedContractCostAmortization_pn5n6_c20210801__20220731_zqmQQSoUNyi9" title="Capitalized contract cost, amortization"&gt;4.4&lt;/span&gt; million, respectively.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;

</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:ScheduleOfEntityWideInformationRevenueFromExternalCustomersByProductsAndServicesTextBlock contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" id="Fact001289">&lt;p id="xdx_89F_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfEntityWideInformationRevenueFromExternalCustomersByProductsAndServicesTextBlock_zNFwZjHcco0e" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
following table shows the Company&#x2019;s revenues disaggregated by business segment and service offered to customers:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8B3_zugOsZQtxgza" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Revenues Disaggregated by Business Segment and Service Offered to Customers&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"&gt;Year ended July 31&lt;br/&gt; (in thousands)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49D_20230801__20240731_zAOORw7bicmf" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_496_20220801__20230731_zfsg47kQGqKa" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_493_20210801__20220731_zH05XIXgbwy1" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2022&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_hus-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember_zhQM0hwEjEP3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 52%; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;National Retail Solutions&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 12%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;103,141&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;77,115&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;51,299&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_hsrt--ProductOrServiceAxis__custom--BOSSRevolutionMoneyTransferMember__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--FintechMember_zVSHrBL4iYPd" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;BOSS Money&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;108,332&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;76,928&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;55,561&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_405_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_hsrt--ProductOrServiceAxis__custom--OtherMember__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--FintechMember_zZRR1821GcRk" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Other&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;12,389&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;9,682&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;9,032&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40B_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_hus-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--FintechMember_zydIsMQnn55d" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Total Fintech&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;120,721&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;86,610&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;64,593&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_hus-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--Net2phoneMember_zWUITBSV2WZj" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;net2phone&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;82,325&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;72,388&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;58,185&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40B_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_hsrt--ProductOrServiceAxis__custom--IDTDigitalPaymentsMember__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--TraditionalCommunicationsMember_zw1ABTrSE9Vb" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;IDT Digital Payments&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;407,430&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;417,057&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;473,215&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_hsrt--ProductOrServiceAxis__custom--BOSSRevolutionMember__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--TraditionalCommunicationsMember_zbgFrDWL98B3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;BOSS Revolution &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;263,215&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;322,134&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;387,937&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40B_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_hsrt--ProductOrServiceAxis__custom--IDTGlobalMember__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--TraditionalCommunicationsMember_zZIYBUEZCwl1" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;IDT Global&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;201,119&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;230,281&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;292,337&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_hsrt--ProductOrServiceAxis__custom--OtherMember__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--TraditionalCommunicationsMember_zL7cP0HIoCZd" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Other&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;27,827&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;33,269&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;36,491&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40B_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_hus-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--TraditionalCommunicationsMember_zIUjXBp6QUn7" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Total Traditional Communications&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;899,591&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;1,002,741&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;1,189,980&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zuoizsEssO4" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;TOTAL&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;1,205,778&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;1,238,854&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;1,364,057&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_z0ab0oMIpsn7" style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;Revenues&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;1,205,778&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;1,238,854&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;1,364,057&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

</us-gaap:ScheduleOfEntityWideInformationRevenueFromExternalCustomersByProductsAndServicesTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_custom_NationalRetailSolutionsMember106792515"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001291"
      unitRef="USD">103141000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31_custom_NationalRetailSolutionsMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001292"
      unitRef="USD">77115000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31_custom_NationalRetailSolutionsMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001293"
      unitRef="USD">51299000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_custom_BOSSRevolutionMoneyTransferMember_custom_FintechMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001295"
      unitRef="USD">108332000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31_custom_BOSSRevolutionMoneyTransferMember_custom_FintechMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001296"
      unitRef="USD">76928000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31_custom_BOSSRevolutionMoneyTransferMember_custom_FintechMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001297"
      unitRef="USD">55561000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_custom_OtherMember_custom_FintechMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001299"
      unitRef="USD">12389000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31_custom_OtherMember_custom_FintechMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001300"
      unitRef="USD">9682000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31_custom_OtherMember_custom_FintechMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001301"
      unitRef="USD">9032000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_custom_FintechMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001303"
      unitRef="USD">120721000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31_custom_FintechMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001304"
      unitRef="USD">86610000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31_custom_FintechMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001305"
      unitRef="USD">64593000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_custom_Net2phoneMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001307"
      unitRef="USD">82325000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31_custom_Net2phoneMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001308"
      unitRef="USD">72388000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31_custom_Net2phoneMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001309"
      unitRef="USD">58185000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_custom_IDTDigitalPaymentsMember_custom_TraditionalCommunicationsMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001311"
      unitRef="USD">407430000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31_custom_IDTDigitalPaymentsMember_custom_TraditionalCommunicationsMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001312"
      unitRef="USD">417057000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31_custom_IDTDigitalPaymentsMember_custom_TraditionalCommunicationsMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001313"
      unitRef="USD">473215000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_custom_BOSSRevolutionMember_custom_TraditionalCommunicationsMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001315"
      unitRef="USD">263215000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31_custom_BOSSRevolutionMember_custom_TraditionalCommunicationsMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001316"
      unitRef="USD">322134000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31_custom_BOSSRevolutionMember_custom_TraditionalCommunicationsMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001317"
      unitRef="USD">387937000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_custom_IDTGlobalMember_custom_TraditionalCommunicationsMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001319"
      unitRef="USD">201119000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31_custom_IDTGlobalMember_custom_TraditionalCommunicationsMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001320"
      unitRef="USD">230281000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31_custom_IDTGlobalMember_custom_TraditionalCommunicationsMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001321"
      unitRef="USD">292337000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_custom_OtherMember_custom_TraditionalCommunicationsMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001323"
      unitRef="USD">27827000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31_custom_OtherMember_custom_TraditionalCommunicationsMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001324"
      unitRef="USD">33269000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31_custom_OtherMember_custom_TraditionalCommunicationsMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001325"
      unitRef="USD">36491000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_custom_TraditionalCommunicationsMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001327"
      unitRef="USD">899591000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31_custom_TraditionalCommunicationsMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001328"
      unitRef="USD">1002741000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31_custom_TraditionalCommunicationsMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001329"
      unitRef="USD">1189980000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001331"
      unitRef="USD">1205778000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001332"
      unitRef="USD">1238854000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001333"
      unitRef="USD">1364057000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001335"
      unitRef="USD">1205778000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001336"
      unitRef="USD">1238854000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001337"
      unitRef="USD">1364057000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:RevenueFromExternalCustomersByGeographicAreasTableTextBlock contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" id="Fact001339">&lt;p id="xdx_897_eus-gaap--RevenueFromExternalCustomersByGeographicAreasTableTextBlock_zjnpJcJx41N1" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
following table shows the Company&#x2019;s revenues disaggregated by geographic region, which is determined based on selling location:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8BC_z04CQfslNBah" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Revenues Disaggregated by Geographic Region&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left; font-size: 9pt"&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right; font-size: 9pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="3" id="xdx_4BA_us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember_zc0sgK5eUnif" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right; font-size: 9pt"&gt;National Retail Solutions&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right; font-size: 9pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="3" id="xdx_4B9_us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_custom--FintechMember_zxZX5v2e8hnb" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right; font-size: 9pt"&gt;Fintech&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right; font-size: 9pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="3" id="xdx_4B9_us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_custom--Net2phoneMember_zjEn3jnR0Z54" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right; font-size: 9pt"&gt;net2phone&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right; font-size: 9pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="3" id="xdx_4B8_us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_custom--TraditionalCommunicationsMember_z9LMSgwwMVg7" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right; font-size: 9pt"&gt;Traditional Communications&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right; font-size: 9pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="3" id="xdx_4BF_zSRnQjLbmOoh" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right; font-size: 9pt"&gt;Total&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;Year ended July 31, 2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="3"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="3"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="3"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="3"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="3"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_431_c20230801__20240731__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__country--US_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_ztigETYAJRGl" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 35%; text-align: left"&gt;United States&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;103,141&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;116,732&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;44,617&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;658,460&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;922,950&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Outside the United States:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_436_c20230801__20240731__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__country--GB_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_z2PgodpI8Qe1" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;United Kingdom&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1347"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1348"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1349"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;209,493&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;209,493&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_43F_c20230801__20240731__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__custom--OthersMember_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_z9sMKr5acKUc" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Other&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1353"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;3,989&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;37,708&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;31,638&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;73,335&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_43D_c20230801__20240731__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__us-gaap--NonUsMember_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zVKxKSCv6Sg4" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;Total outside the United States&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1359"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;3,989&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;37,708&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;241,131&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;282,828&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_435_c20230801__20240731_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zAzcrj7NFmg4" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;TOTAL&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;103,141&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;120,721&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;82,325&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;899,591&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;1,205,778&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;Year ended July 31, 2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_43D_c20220801__20230731__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__country--US_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zHrjb9tevTN8" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;United States&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;77,115&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;83,883&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;38,029&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;693,193&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;892,220&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Outside the United States:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_43C_c20220801__20230731__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__country--GB_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zDPDfQyUb1G8" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;United Kingdom&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1377"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1378"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1379"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;267,697&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;267,697&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_432_c20220801__20230731__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__custom--OthersMember_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zelNpUyJGNgi" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Other&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1383"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2,727&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;34,359&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;41,851&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;78,937&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_432_c20220801__20230731__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__us-gaap--NonUsMember_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zCKwQAeLn6Y3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;Total outside the United States&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1389"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2,727&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;34,359&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;309,548&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;346,634&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_439_c20220801__20230731_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_z38UviCjvS33" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;TOTAL&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;77,115&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;86,610&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;72,388&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;1,002,741&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;1,238,854&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;Year ended July 31, 2022&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_434_c20210801__20220731__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__country--US_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zqVcleblNGLa" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;United States&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;51,299&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;62,598&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;30,283&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;829,355&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;973,535&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Outside the United States:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_432_c20210801__20220731__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__country--GB_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zUr6hJLzcGJe" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;United Kingdom&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1407"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1408"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1409"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;311,847&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;311,847&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_436_c20210801__20220731__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__custom--OthersMember_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_z7Vemjtc5cf9" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Other&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1413"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;1,995&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;27,902&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;48,778&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;78,675&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_430_c20210801__20220731__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__us-gaap--NonUsMember_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zVJ4CND8eEC7" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;Total outside the United States&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1419"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;1,995&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;27,902&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;360,625&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;390,522&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_437_c20210801__20220731_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zuDZPUZBsqml" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;TOTAL&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;51,299&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;64,593&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;58,185&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;1,189,980&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;1,364,057&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;
</us-gaap:RevenueFromExternalCustomersByGeographicAreasTableTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_country_US_custom_NationalRetailSolutionsMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001341"
      unitRef="USD">103141000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_country_US_custom_FintechMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001342"
      unitRef="USD">116732000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_country_US_custom_Net2phoneMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001343"
      unitRef="USD">44617000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_country_US_custom_TraditionalCommunicationsMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001344"
      unitRef="USD">658460000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_country_US"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001345"
      unitRef="USD">922950000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_country_GB_custom_TraditionalCommunicationsMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001350"
      unitRef="USD">209493000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_country_GB"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001351"
      unitRef="USD">209493000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_custom_OthersMember_custom_FintechMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001354"
      unitRef="USD">3989000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_custom_OthersMember_custom_Net2phoneMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001355"
      unitRef="USD">37708000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_custom_OthersMember_custom_TraditionalCommunicationsMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001356"
      unitRef="USD">31638000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_custom_OthersMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001357"
      unitRef="USD">73335000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_us-gaap_NonUsMember_custom_FintechMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001360"
      unitRef="USD">3989000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_us-gaap_NonUsMember_custom_Net2phoneMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001361"
      unitRef="USD">37708000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_us-gaap_NonUsMember_custom_TraditionalCommunicationsMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001362"
      unitRef="USD">241131000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_us-gaap_NonUsMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001363"
      unitRef="USD">282828000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_custom_NationalRetailSolutionsMember106792515"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001365"
      unitRef="USD">103141000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_custom_FintechMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001366"
      unitRef="USD">120721000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_custom_Net2phoneMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001367"
      unitRef="USD">82325000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_custom_TraditionalCommunicationsMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001368"
      unitRef="USD">899591000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001369"
      unitRef="USD">1205778000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31_country_US_custom_NationalRetailSolutionsMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001371"
      unitRef="USD">77115000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31_country_US_custom_FintechMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001372"
      unitRef="USD">83883000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31_country_US_custom_Net2phoneMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001373"
      unitRef="USD">38029000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31_country_US_custom_TraditionalCommunicationsMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001374"
      unitRef="USD">693193000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31_country_US"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001375"
      unitRef="USD">892220000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31_country_GB_custom_TraditionalCommunicationsMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001380"
      unitRef="USD">267697000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31_country_GB"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001381"
      unitRef="USD">267697000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31_custom_OthersMember_custom_FintechMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001384"
      unitRef="USD">2727000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31_custom_OthersMember_custom_Net2phoneMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001385"
      unitRef="USD">34359000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31_custom_OthersMember_custom_TraditionalCommunicationsMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001386"
      unitRef="USD">41851000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31_custom_OthersMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001387"
      unitRef="USD">78937000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31_us-gaap_NonUsMember_custom_FintechMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001390"
      unitRef="USD">2727000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31_us-gaap_NonUsMember_custom_Net2phoneMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001391"
      unitRef="USD">34359000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31_us-gaap_NonUsMember_custom_TraditionalCommunicationsMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001392"
      unitRef="USD">309548000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31_us-gaap_NonUsMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001393"
      unitRef="USD">346634000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31_custom_NationalRetailSolutionsMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001395"
      unitRef="USD">77115000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31_custom_FintechMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001396"
      unitRef="USD">86610000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31_custom_Net2phoneMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001397"
      unitRef="USD">72388000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31_custom_TraditionalCommunicationsMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001398"
      unitRef="USD">1002741000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001399"
      unitRef="USD">1238854000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31_country_US_custom_NationalRetailSolutionsMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001401"
      unitRef="USD">51299000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31_country_US_custom_FintechMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001402"
      unitRef="USD">62598000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31_country_US_custom_Net2phoneMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001403"
      unitRef="USD">30283000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31_country_US_custom_TraditionalCommunicationsMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001404"
      unitRef="USD">829355000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31_country_US"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001405"
      unitRef="USD">973535000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31_country_GB_custom_TraditionalCommunicationsMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001410"
      unitRef="USD">311847000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31_country_GB"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001411"
      unitRef="USD">311847000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31_custom_OthersMember_custom_FintechMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001414"
      unitRef="USD">1995000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31_custom_OthersMember_custom_Net2phoneMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001415"
      unitRef="USD">27902000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31_custom_OthersMember_custom_TraditionalCommunicationsMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001416"
      unitRef="USD">48778000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31_custom_OthersMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001417"
      unitRef="USD">78675000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31_us-gaap_NonUsMember_custom_FintechMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001420"
      unitRef="USD">1995000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31_us-gaap_NonUsMember_custom_Net2phoneMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001421"
      unitRef="USD">27902000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31_us-gaap_NonUsMember_custom_TraditionalCommunicationsMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001422"
      unitRef="USD">360625000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31_us-gaap_NonUsMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001423"
      unitRef="USD">390522000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31_custom_NationalRetailSolutionsMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001425"
      unitRef="USD">51299000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31_custom_FintechMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001426"
      unitRef="USD">64593000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31_custom_Net2phoneMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001427"
      unitRef="USD">58185000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31_custom_TraditionalCommunicationsMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001428"
      unitRef="USD">1189980000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001429"
      unitRef="USD">1364057000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionTableTextBlock contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" id="Fact001431">&lt;p id="xdx_89C_eus-gaap--RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionTableTextBlock_zBvD8ViZ0NE2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
following table includes revenue by business segment expected to be recognized in the future from performance obligations that were unsatisfied
or partially unsatisfied as of July 31, 2024. The table excludes contracts that had an original expected duration of one year or less.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8BA_zh2izD0Kmx53" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Estimated Revenue by Business Segment&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_490_20240731__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember_zC1XlVcRSnxh" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;National Retail Solutions&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49E_20240731__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--Net2phoneMember_zzBnDhkfj4lc" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;net2phone&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_498_20240731_z5e8OOg8fjAe" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;Total&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;Year ending July 31:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligation_iI_hus-gaap--RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis__2025-08-01_zzHim3RJM8J" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; width: 52%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionPeriod1_iI_dxL_c20240731__us-gaap--RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis__2025-08-01_zEtpEIDzJ6C4" title="Remaining Performance Obligations, Years::XDX::P1Y"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1437"&gt;2025&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;6,359&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;39,537&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;45,896&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_403_eus-gaap--RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligation_iI_hus-gaap--RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis__2026-08-01_znBWh6BkLlg4" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionPeriod1_iI_dxL_c20240731__us-gaap--RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis__2026-08-01_zx6E13lXACSc" title="Remaining Performance Obligations, Years::XDX::P1Y"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1443"&gt;2026&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;5,263&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;18,983&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;24,246&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligation_iI_hus-gaap--RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis__2027-08-01_z5cbMoSRRjgj" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionPeriod1_iI_dxL_c20240731__us-gaap--RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis__2027-08-01_zwq4hSzxz4v5" title="Remaining Performance Obligations, Years::XDX::P0Y"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1449"&gt;Thereafter&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;4,828&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;6,627&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;11,455&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligation_iI_hus-gaap--RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis__2024-07-31_zuheD8doxfWg" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionPeriod1_iI_dxL_c20240731__us-gaap--RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis__2024-07-31_zb46rEotFUzi" title="Remaining Performance Obligations, Years::XDX::P0Y"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1455"&gt;TOTAL&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;16,450&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;65,147&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;81,597&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

</us-gaap:RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionTableTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligation
      contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31_custom_NationalRetailSolutionsMember_2025-08-01"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001433"
      unitRef="USD">6359000</us-gaap:RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligation>
    <us-gaap:RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligation
      contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31_custom_Net2phoneMember_2025-08-01"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001434"
      unitRef="USD">39537000</us-gaap:RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligation>
    <us-gaap:RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligation
      contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31_2025-08-01"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001435"
      unitRef="USD">45896000</us-gaap:RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligation>
    <us-gaap:RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligation
      contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31_custom_NationalRetailSolutionsMember_2026-08-01"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001439"
      unitRef="USD">5263000</us-gaap:RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligation>
    <us-gaap:RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligation
      contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31_custom_Net2phoneMember_2026-08-01"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001440"
      unitRef="USD">18983000</us-gaap:RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligation>
    <us-gaap:RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligation
      contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31_2026-08-01"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001441"
      unitRef="USD">24246000</us-gaap:RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligation>
    <us-gaap:RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligation
      contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31_custom_NationalRetailSolutionsMember_2027-08-01"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001445"
      unitRef="USD">4828000</us-gaap:RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligation>
    <us-gaap:RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligation
      contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31_custom_Net2phoneMember_2027-08-01"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001446"
      unitRef="USD">6627000</us-gaap:RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligation>
    <us-gaap:RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligation
      contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31_2027-08-01"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001447"
      unitRef="USD">11455000</us-gaap:RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligation>
    <us-gaap:RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligation
      contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31_custom_NationalRetailSolutionsMember_2024-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001451"
      unitRef="USD">16450000</us-gaap:RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligation>
    <us-gaap:RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligation
      contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31_custom_Net2phoneMember_2024-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001452"
      unitRef="USD">65147000</us-gaap:RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligation>
    <us-gaap:RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligation
      contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31_2024-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001453"
      unitRef="USD">81597000</us-gaap:RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligation>
    <us-gaap:ContractWithCustomerLiabilityRevenueRecognized
      contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31"
      decimals="-5"
      id="Fact001457"
      unitRef="USD">22100000</us-gaap:ContractWithCustomerLiabilityRevenueRecognized>
    <us-gaap:ContractWithCustomerLiabilityRevenueRecognized
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31"
      decimals="-5"
      id="Fact001459"
      unitRef="USD">23500000</us-gaap:ContractWithCustomerLiabilityRevenueRecognized>
    <us-gaap:ContractWithCustomerLiabilityRevenueRecognized
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31"
      decimals="-5"
      id="Fact001461"
      unitRef="USD">28200000</us-gaap:ContractWithCustomerLiabilityRevenueRecognized>
    <us-gaap:CapitalizedContractCostTableTextBlock contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" id="Fact001463">&lt;p id="xdx_892_eus-gaap--CapitalizedContractCostTableTextBlock_zmuLxYdhylJ1" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company&#x2019;s deferred customer contract acquisition costs were as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8B7_z7JKZsKGlE9g" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Deferred Customer Contract Acquisition Costs&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"&gt;July 31 &lt;br/&gt; (in thousands)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49E_20240731_z7ISSQpkMJ86" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_494_20230731_zKIQpEP9TUZg" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_403_eus-gaap--CapitalizedContractCostNetCurrent_iI_pn3n3_maCCCNzHg2_zglHkE0yYZOe" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 60%; text-align: left"&gt;Deferred customer contract acquisition costs included in &#x201c;Other current assets&#x201d;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 16%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;4,823&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 16%; text-align: right"&gt;4,460&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--CapitalizedContractCostNetNoncurrent_iI_pn3n3_maCCCNzHg2_z0uzgtkmkeN6" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Deferred customer contract acquisition costs included in &#x201c;Other assets&#x201d;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;4,276&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;3,734&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_403_eus-gaap--CapitalizedContractCostNet_iTI_pn3n3_mtCCCNzHg2_zQPeA50OnI0h" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;TOTAL&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;9,099&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;8,194&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

</us-gaap:CapitalizedContractCostTableTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:CapitalizedContractCostNetCurrent
      contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001465"
      unitRef="USD">4823000</us-gaap:CapitalizedContractCostNetCurrent>
    <us-gaap:CapitalizedContractCostNetCurrent
      contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001466"
      unitRef="USD">4460000</us-gaap:CapitalizedContractCostNetCurrent>
    <us-gaap:CapitalizedContractCostNetNoncurrent
      contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001468"
      unitRef="USD">4276000</us-gaap:CapitalizedContractCostNetNoncurrent>
    <us-gaap:CapitalizedContractCostNetNoncurrent
      contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001469"
      unitRef="USD">3734000</us-gaap:CapitalizedContractCostNetNoncurrent>
    <us-gaap:CapitalizedContractCostNet
      contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001471"
      unitRef="USD">9099000</us-gaap:CapitalizedContractCostNet>
    <us-gaap:CapitalizedContractCostNet
      contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001472"
      unitRef="USD">8194000</us-gaap:CapitalizedContractCostNet>
    <us-gaap:CapitalizedContractCostAmortization
      contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31"
      decimals="-5"
      id="Fact001474"
      unitRef="USD">5800000</us-gaap:CapitalizedContractCostAmortization>
    <us-gaap:CapitalizedContractCostAmortization
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31"
      decimals="-5"
      id="Fact001476"
      unitRef="USD">4900000</us-gaap:CapitalizedContractCostAmortization>
    <us-gaap:CapitalizedContractCostAmortization
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31"
      decimals="-5"
      id="Fact001478"
      unitRef="USD">4400000</us-gaap:CapitalizedContractCostAmortization>
    <us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeasesTextBlock contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" id="Fact001480">&lt;p id="xdx_803_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeasesTextBlock_z4jlPMKjcXsh" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Note
4&#x2014;&lt;span id="xdx_829_zN6LynBJVow9"&gt;Leases&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company&#x2019;s leases primarily consist of operating leases for office space. These leases have remaining terms from less than &lt;span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseTermOfContract_iI_dc_c20240731__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MinimumMember_zPvD6Tnuxep1" title="Lessee, operating lease, term of contract"&gt;one year&lt;/span&gt;
to &lt;span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseTermOfContract_iI_dc_c20240731__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MaximumMember_z3MLdThGYuY3" title="Lessee, operating lease, term of contract"&gt;six years&lt;/span&gt;. Certain of these leases include renewal options that may be exercised and/or options to terminate the lease. The Company
has concluded that it is not reasonably certain that it would exercise any of these options.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company leases office and parking space in a building and parking garage located at 520 Broad St, Newark, New Jersey that was previously
owned by Rafael Holdings, Inc. (&#x201c;Rafael&#x201d;), a related party. On August 22, 2022, Rafael sold the building
and parking garage to an unrelated third party. The Company&#x2019;s lease in that property continues with the new owner. The Company
leases office space in Israel from Rafael. Howard S. Jonas, the Chairman of the Company and the Chairman of the Company&#x2019;s Board
of Directors is also the Chairman of the Board of Directors and Executive Chairman of Rafael. &lt;span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseDescription_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--GeographicDistributionAxis__custom--NewarkMember_zOwr0lzoT0a5" title="Lessee operating lease, description"&gt;The Newark lease expires in April 2025
and the Israel lease expires in July 2025&lt;/span&gt;. In fiscal 2024, fiscal 2023, and fiscal 2022, the Company incurred lease costs in connection
with the Rafael leases of $&lt;span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseCost_pn5n6_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--RafaelHoldingsIncMember_zQZs86Qqs6Vf" title="Incurred lease cost"&gt;0.1&lt;/span&gt; million, $&lt;span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseCost_pn5n6_c20220801__20230731__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--RafaelHoldingsIncMember_zp5Alp0kl1j6" title="Incurred lease cost"&gt;0.3&lt;/span&gt; million (which excludes Newark lease costs after August 22, 2022), and $&lt;span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseCost_pn5n6_c20210801__20220731__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--RafaelHoldingsIncMember_ze7PmWnUjsle" title="Incurred lease cost"&gt;2.0&lt;/span&gt; million, respectively.
Lease costs incurred in connection with the Rafael leases are included in operating lease cost in the table below.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_89C_eus-gaap--LeaseCostTableTextBlock_zsYISjrUJHzf" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Supplemental
disclosures related to the Company&#x2019;s operating leases were as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8B2_zHpLEnnEi8sa" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Supplemental Disclosures Related to the Company's Operating Leases&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"&gt;Year ended July 31 &lt;br/&gt; (in thousands)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_495_20230801__20240731_zi3eoGY6eWAl" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_497_20220801__20230731_z30z49p3toPj" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_494_20210801__20220731_zchMdkUfjUEf" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2022&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseCost_pn3n3_zNqU7SwHBQvh" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 52%; text-align: left"&gt;Operating lease cost&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 12%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;2,557&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;3,175&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;2,901&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--ShortTermLeaseCost_pn3n3_zCVUjtrpjlN9" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Short-term lease cost&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;924&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;1,095&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;1,348&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--LeaseCost_pn3n3_zROH8j7tzwSb" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;TOTAL LEASE COST&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;3,481&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;4,270&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;4,249&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities: &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_405_eus-gaap--OperatingLeasePayments_pn3n3_zVqnH8yJpxWk" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Operating cash flows from operating leases&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;2,588&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;3,262&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2,857&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--OperatingLeasePayments_pn3n3_zmELZXkvld9l" style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities: Operating cash flows from operating leases&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;2,588&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;3,262&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2,857&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_8A5_zAxz871YnjWh" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_89B_ecustom--ScheduleOfSupplementalDisclosuresRelatedWeightedAverageOperatingLeasesTableTextBlock_zEOBXYC1s9Xl" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8B1_zPYCt44yZdh9" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Supplemental Disclosures Related Weighted Average Operating Leases&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"&gt;July 31&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Weighted-average remaining lease term-operating leases&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageRemainingLeaseTerm1_iI_dtY_c20240731_zrlKQFVSYgq2" title="Operating lease, weighted average remaining lease term"&gt;2.6&lt;/span&gt; years&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageRemainingLeaseTerm1_iI_dtY_c20230731_zTsCqGin9A5a" title="Operating lease, weighted average remaining lease term"&gt;2.3&lt;/span&gt; years&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 60%; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Weighted-average discount rate-operating leases&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 16%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageDiscountRatePercent_iI_pid_dp_uPure_c20240731_zzdkgXQP5ys9" title="Operating lease, weighted average discount rate, percent"&gt;5.6&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;%&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 16%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageDiscountRatePercent_iI_pid_dp_uPure_c20230731_zh0kg3Btcpui" title="Operating lease, weighted average discount rate, percent"&gt;3.7&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;%&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_8A9_z0YEqSbvzMpb" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;In
fiscal 2024, fiscal 2023, and fiscal 2022, the Company obtained right-of-use assets of $&lt;span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--RightOfUseAssetObtainedInExchangeForOperatingLeaseLiability_pn5n6_c20230801__20240731_zBpU2i09AwW5" title="Right of use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities"&gt;0.9&lt;/span&gt; million, $&lt;span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--RightOfUseAssetObtainedInExchangeForOperatingLeaseLiability_pn5n6_c20220801__20230731_zjtlSpwORcYc" title="Right of use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities"&gt;1.8&lt;/span&gt; million, and $&lt;span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--RightOfUseAssetObtainedInExchangeForOperatingLeaseLiability_pn5n6_c20210801__20220731_zv694m0xjzPd" title="Right of use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities"&gt;2.2&lt;/span&gt; million,
respectively, in exchange for new operating lease liabilities. In addition, in fiscal 2024, the Company modified its lease at 520 Broad
St, Newark, New Jersey and reduced the related right-of-use asset by $&lt;span id="xdx_90C_ecustom--RightOfUseAssetReductionFromLeaseModification_iI_pn5n6_c20240731_zrWx1TvNgsPi" title="Right of use assets"&gt;0.8&lt;/span&gt; million and the related operating lease liability by $&lt;span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingLeaseLiability_pn5n6_c20230801__20240731_z515sUAzTD3j" title="Reduction in operating lease liability"&gt;0.9&lt;/span&gt; million.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_891_ecustom--ScheduleOfOperatingLeaseLiabilityTableTextBlock_zHUKYacN2bK9" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company&#x2019;s aggregate operating lease liability was as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8B7_zr1v0aBwmhf" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Aggregate Operating Lease Liability&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"&gt;July 31 &lt;br/&gt; (in thousands)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_491_20240731_zRREVTepDxSk" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_496_20230731_znmhV8mwk3i6" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent_iI_pn3n3_maOLLzDbj_zkYBcHEGwge4" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 60%; text-align: left"&gt;Operating lease liabilities included in &#x201c;&lt;span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrentStatementOfFinancialPositionExtensibleList_iI_dxL_c20230731_zP7WbydcwYy8" title="::XDX::http%3A%2F%2Ffasb.org%2Fus-gaap%2F2024%23OtherLiabilitiesCurrent"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrentStatementOfFinancialPositionExtensibleList_iI_dxL_c20240731_zuTHYpqpX6Sd" title="::XDX::http%3A%2F%2Ffasb.org%2Fus-gaap%2F2024%23OtherLiabilitiesCurrent"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1540"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1541"&gt;Other current liabilities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&#x201d;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 16%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;1,866&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 16%; text-align: right"&gt;2,861&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent_iI_pn3n3_maOLLzDbj_zA9gw6OtuWXf" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Operating lease liabilities included in noncurrent liabilities&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;1,533&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2,881&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40C_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseLiability_iTI_pn3n3_mtOLLzDbj_zJsC8YEhoMhg" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;TOTAL&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;3,399&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;5,742&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_8A6_zBonc7MQ5taa" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_890_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityMaturityTableTextBlock_zGVwfFECj1ek" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Future
minimum maturities of operating lease liabilities were as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;span id="xdx_8B4_zkYFeuLmOupc" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Future Minimum Maturities of Operating Lease Liabilities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49F_20240731_zw2u7whHLB86" style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Year ending July 31:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_404_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueNextRollingTwelveMonths_iI_pn3n3_maLOLLPzXtU_zwAXmw6RZJqe" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; width: 78%; text-align: left"&gt;2025&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 18%; text-align: right"&gt;2,002&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearTwo_iI_pn3n3_maLOLLPzXtU_zKCfniT9hYR3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;2026&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;699&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearThree_iI_pn3n3_maLOLLPzXtU_zTUcxEsY3u92" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;2027&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;490&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearFour_iI_pn3n3_maLOLLPzXtU_zABO13U99R6e" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;2028&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;233&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_403_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearFive_iI_pn3n3_maLOLLPzXtU_ztOeVwepFDy1" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;2029&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;185&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_409_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueAfterRollingYearFive_iI_pn3n3_maLOLLPzXtU_zZydDXpgfOPj" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Thereafter&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;62&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue_iTI_pn3n3_mtLOLLPzXtU_z9gmXPll4na1" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Total lease payments&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;3,671&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_405_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityUndiscountedExcessAmount_iNI_pn3n3_di_z7d0UvSEkwt1" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Less imputed interest&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(272&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseLiability_iI_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Total operating lease liabilities&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;3,399&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_8A1_z9lkHxiLUEXf" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeasesTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseTermOfContract
      contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31_srt_MinimumMember"
      id="Fact001482">P1Y</us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseTermOfContract>
    <us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseTermOfContract
      contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31_srt_MaximumMember"
      id="Fact001484">P6Y</us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseTermOfContract>
    <us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseDescription
      contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_custom_NewarkMember"
      id="Fact001486">The Newark lease expires in April 2025
and the Israel lease expires in July 2025</us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseDescription>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeaseCost
      contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_custom_RafaelHoldingsIncMember"
      decimals="-5"
      id="Fact001488"
      unitRef="USD">100000</us-gaap:OperatingLeaseCost>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeaseCost
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31_custom_RafaelHoldingsIncMember"
      decimals="-5"
      id="Fact001490"
      unitRef="USD">300000</us-gaap:OperatingLeaseCost>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeaseCost
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31_custom_RafaelHoldingsIncMember"
      decimals="-5"
      id="Fact001492"
      unitRef="USD">2000000.0</us-gaap:OperatingLeaseCost>
    <us-gaap:LeaseCostTableTextBlock contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" id="Fact001494">&lt;p id="xdx_89C_eus-gaap--LeaseCostTableTextBlock_zsYISjrUJHzf" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Supplemental
disclosures related to the Company&#x2019;s operating leases were as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8B2_zHpLEnnEi8sa" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Supplemental Disclosures Related to the Company's Operating Leases&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"&gt;Year ended July 31 &lt;br/&gt; (in thousands)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_495_20230801__20240731_zi3eoGY6eWAl" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_497_20220801__20230731_z30z49p3toPj" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_494_20210801__20220731_zchMdkUfjUEf" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2022&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseCost_pn3n3_zNqU7SwHBQvh" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 52%; text-align: left"&gt;Operating lease cost&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 12%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;2,557&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;3,175&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;2,901&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--ShortTermLeaseCost_pn3n3_zCVUjtrpjlN9" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Short-term lease cost&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;924&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;1,095&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;1,348&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--LeaseCost_pn3n3_zROH8j7tzwSb" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;TOTAL LEASE COST&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;3,481&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;4,270&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;4,249&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities: &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_405_eus-gaap--OperatingLeasePayments_pn3n3_zVqnH8yJpxWk" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Operating cash flows from operating leases&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;2,588&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;3,262&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2,857&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--OperatingLeasePayments_pn3n3_zmELZXkvld9l" style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: justify; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities: Operating cash flows from operating leases&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;2,588&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;3,262&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2,857&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

</us-gaap:LeaseCostTableTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeaseCost
      contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001496"
      unitRef="USD">2557000</us-gaap:OperatingLeaseCost>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeaseCost
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001497"
      unitRef="USD">3175000</us-gaap:OperatingLeaseCost>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeaseCost
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001498"
      unitRef="USD">2901000</us-gaap:OperatingLeaseCost>
    <us-gaap:ShortTermLeaseCost
      contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001500"
      unitRef="USD">924000</us-gaap:ShortTermLeaseCost>
    <us-gaap:ShortTermLeaseCost
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001501"
      unitRef="USD">1095000</us-gaap:ShortTermLeaseCost>
    <us-gaap:ShortTermLeaseCost
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001502"
      unitRef="USD">1348000</us-gaap:ShortTermLeaseCost>
    <us-gaap:LeaseCost
      contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001504"
      unitRef="USD">3481000</us-gaap:LeaseCost>
    <us-gaap:LeaseCost
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001505"
      unitRef="USD">4270000</us-gaap:LeaseCost>
    <us-gaap:LeaseCost
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001506"
      unitRef="USD">4249000</us-gaap:LeaseCost>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeasePayments
      contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001508"
      unitRef="USD">2588000</us-gaap:OperatingLeasePayments>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeasePayments
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001509"
      unitRef="USD">3262000</us-gaap:OperatingLeasePayments>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeasePayments
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001510"
      unitRef="USD">2857000</us-gaap:OperatingLeasePayments>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeasePayments
      contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001512"
      unitRef="USD">2588000</us-gaap:OperatingLeasePayments>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeasePayments
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001513"
      unitRef="USD">3262000</us-gaap:OperatingLeasePayments>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeasePayments
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001514"
      unitRef="USD">2857000</us-gaap:OperatingLeasePayments>
    <IDT:ScheduleOfSupplementalDisclosuresRelatedWeightedAverageOperatingLeasesTableTextBlock contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" id="Fact001516">&lt;p id="xdx_89B_ecustom--ScheduleOfSupplementalDisclosuresRelatedWeightedAverageOperatingLeasesTableTextBlock_zEOBXYC1s9Xl" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8B1_zPYCt44yZdh9" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Supplemental Disclosures Related Weighted Average Operating Leases&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"&gt;July 31&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Weighted-average remaining lease term-operating leases&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageRemainingLeaseTerm1_iI_dtY_c20240731_zrlKQFVSYgq2" title="Operating lease, weighted average remaining lease term"&gt;2.6&lt;/span&gt; years&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageRemainingLeaseTerm1_iI_dtY_c20230731_zTsCqGin9A5a" title="Operating lease, weighted average remaining lease term"&gt;2.3&lt;/span&gt; years&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 60%; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Weighted-average discount rate-operating leases&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 16%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageDiscountRatePercent_iI_pid_dp_uPure_c20240731_zzdkgXQP5ys9" title="Operating lease, weighted average discount rate, percent"&gt;5.6&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;%&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 16%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageDiscountRatePercent_iI_pid_dp_uPure_c20230731_zh0kg3Btcpui" title="Operating lease, weighted average discount rate, percent"&gt;3.7&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;%&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

</IDT:ScheduleOfSupplementalDisclosuresRelatedWeightedAverageOperatingLeasesTableTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageRemainingLeaseTerm1 contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31" id="Fact001518">P2Y7M6D</us-gaap:OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageRemainingLeaseTerm1>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageRemainingLeaseTerm1 contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31" id="Fact001520">P2Y3M18D</us-gaap:OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageRemainingLeaseTerm1>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageDiscountRatePercent
      contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact001522"
      unitRef="Pure">0.056</us-gaap:OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageDiscountRatePercent>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageDiscountRatePercent
      contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact001524"
      unitRef="Pure">0.037</us-gaap:OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageDiscountRatePercent>
    <us-gaap:RightOfUseAssetObtainedInExchangeForOperatingLeaseLiability
      contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31"
      decimals="-5"
      id="Fact001526"
      unitRef="USD">900000</us-gaap:RightOfUseAssetObtainedInExchangeForOperatingLeaseLiability>
    <us-gaap:RightOfUseAssetObtainedInExchangeForOperatingLeaseLiability
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31"
      decimals="-5"
      id="Fact001528"
      unitRef="USD">1800000</us-gaap:RightOfUseAssetObtainedInExchangeForOperatingLeaseLiability>
    <us-gaap:RightOfUseAssetObtainedInExchangeForOperatingLeaseLiability
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31"
      decimals="-5"
      id="Fact001530"
      unitRef="USD">2200000</us-gaap:RightOfUseAssetObtainedInExchangeForOperatingLeaseLiability>
    <IDT:RightOfUseAssetReductionFromLeaseModification
      contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31"
      decimals="-5"
      id="Fact001532"
      unitRef="USD">800000</IDT:RightOfUseAssetReductionFromLeaseModification>
    <us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingLeaseLiability
      contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31"
      decimals="-5"
      id="Fact001534"
      unitRef="USD">900000</us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingLeaseLiability>
    <IDT:ScheduleOfOperatingLeaseLiabilityTableTextBlock contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" id="Fact001536">&lt;p id="xdx_891_ecustom--ScheduleOfOperatingLeaseLiabilityTableTextBlock_zHUKYacN2bK9" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company&#x2019;s aggregate operating lease liability was as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8B7_zr1v0aBwmhf" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Aggregate Operating Lease Liability&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"&gt;July 31 &lt;br/&gt; (in thousands)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_491_20240731_zRREVTepDxSk" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_496_20230731_znmhV8mwk3i6" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent_iI_pn3n3_maOLLzDbj_zkYBcHEGwge4" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 60%; text-align: left"&gt;Operating lease liabilities included in &#x201c;&lt;span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrentStatementOfFinancialPositionExtensibleList_iI_dxL_c20230731_zP7WbydcwYy8" title="::XDX::http%3A%2F%2Ffasb.org%2Fus-gaap%2F2024%23OtherLiabilitiesCurrent"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrentStatementOfFinancialPositionExtensibleList_iI_dxL_c20240731_zuTHYpqpX6Sd" title="::XDX::http%3A%2F%2Ffasb.org%2Fus-gaap%2F2024%23OtherLiabilitiesCurrent"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1540"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1541"&gt;Other current liabilities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&#x201d;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 16%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;1,866&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 16%; text-align: right"&gt;2,861&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent_iI_pn3n3_maOLLzDbj_zA9gw6OtuWXf" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Operating lease liabilities included in noncurrent liabilities&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;1,533&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2,881&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40C_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseLiability_iTI_pn3n3_mtOLLzDbj_zJsC8YEhoMhg" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;TOTAL&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;3,399&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;5,742&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

</IDT:ScheduleOfOperatingLeaseLiabilityTableTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent
      contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001538"
      unitRef="USD">1866000</us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent
      contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001539"
      unitRef="USD">2861000</us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent
      contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001543"
      unitRef="USD">1533000</us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent
      contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001544"
      unitRef="USD">2881000</us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiability
      contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001546"
      unitRef="USD">3399000</us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiability>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiability
      contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001547"
      unitRef="USD">5742000</us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiability>
    <us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityMaturityTableTextBlock contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" id="Fact001549">&lt;p id="xdx_890_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityMaturityTableTextBlock_zGVwfFECj1ek" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Future
minimum maturities of operating lease liabilities were as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;span id="xdx_8B4_zkYFeuLmOupc" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Future Minimum Maturities of Operating Lease Liabilities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49F_20240731_zw2u7whHLB86" style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Year ending July 31:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_404_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueNextRollingTwelveMonths_iI_pn3n3_maLOLLPzXtU_zwAXmw6RZJqe" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; width: 78%; text-align: left"&gt;2025&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 18%; text-align: right"&gt;2,002&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearTwo_iI_pn3n3_maLOLLPzXtU_zKCfniT9hYR3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;2026&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;699&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearThree_iI_pn3n3_maLOLLPzXtU_zTUcxEsY3u92" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;2027&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;490&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearFour_iI_pn3n3_maLOLLPzXtU_zABO13U99R6e" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;2028&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;233&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_403_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearFive_iI_pn3n3_maLOLLPzXtU_ztOeVwepFDy1" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;2029&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;185&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_409_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueAfterRollingYearFive_iI_pn3n3_maLOLLPzXtU_zZydDXpgfOPj" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Thereafter&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;62&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue_iTI_pn3n3_mtLOLLPzXtU_z9gmXPll4na1" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Total lease payments&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;3,671&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_405_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityUndiscountedExcessAmount_iNI_pn3n3_di_z7d0UvSEkwt1" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Less imputed interest&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(272&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseLiability_iI_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Total operating lease liabilities&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;3,399&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

</us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityMaturityTableTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueNextRollingTwelveMonths
      contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001551"
      unitRef="USD">2002000</us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueNextRollingTwelveMonths>
    <us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearTwo
      contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001553"
      unitRef="USD">699000</us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearTwo>
    <us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearThree
      contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001555"
      unitRef="USD">490000</us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearThree>
    <us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearFour
      contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001557"
      unitRef="USD">233000</us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearFour>
    <us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearFive
      contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001559"
      unitRef="USD">185000</us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearFive>
    <us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueAfterRollingYearFive
      contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001561"
      unitRef="USD">62000</us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueAfterRollingYearFive>
    <us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue
      contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001563"
      unitRef="USD">3671000</us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue>
    <us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityUndiscountedExcessAmount
      contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001565"
      unitRef="USD">272000</us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityUndiscountedExcessAmount>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiability
      contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001567"
      unitRef="USD">3399000</us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiability>
    <us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsDisclosureTextBlock contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" id="Fact001569">&lt;p id="xdx_808_eus-gaap--CashAndCashEquivalentsDisclosureTextBlock_zA58QpV4Id4h" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Note
5&#x2014;&lt;span id="xdx_82F_z6SKveipPm8l"&gt;Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_89A_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfCashAndCashEquivalentsTableTextBlock_zUogZGdTJZf5" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash and cash equivalents reported in the consolidated
balance sheets that equals the total of the same amounts reported in the consolidated statements of cash flows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8B5_z09Bd8MI8TAl" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"&gt;July 31 &lt;br/&gt; (in thousands)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_493_20240731_zVhC94RRoAnk" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49F_20230731_zf741tTuQqLg" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_iI_pn3n3_maCCERCzDIV_z2yttfNjItfd" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 60%; text-align: left"&gt;Cash and cash equivalents&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 16%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;164,557&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 16%; text-align: right"&gt;103,637&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_iI_pn3n3_maCCERCzDIV_z5vNHszU1RM8" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Restricted cash and cash equivalents&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;90,899&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;95,186&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_403_eus-gaap--CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents_iTI_pn3n3_mtCCERCzDIV_zrvdqX7ohgEc" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;TOTAL CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS, AND RESTRICTED CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;255,456&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;198,823&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_8A0_zGZdnCPgB7Kb" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;At
July 31, 2024 and 2023, restricted cash and cash equivalents included $&lt;span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_iI_pn5n6_c20240731__srt--ProductOrServiceAxis__custom--IDTFinancialServicesLimitedMember_z2aQMRVx7Be3" title="Restricted cash and cash equivalents, current"&gt;83.3&lt;/span&gt; million and $&lt;span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_iI_pn5n6_c20230731__srt--ProductOrServiceAxis__custom--IDTFinancialServicesLimitedMember_zd0HX8FNM293" title="Restricted cash and cash equivalents, current"&gt;87.3&lt;/span&gt; million, respectively, in restricted cash
and cash equivalents for customer deposits held by IDT Financial Services. Certain of the electronic money financial services regulations
in Gibraltar require IDT Financial Services to safeguard cash held for customer deposits, segregate cash held for customer deposits from
any other cash that IDT Financial Services holds and utilize the cash only for the intended payment transaction.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Company
Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company treats unrestricted cash and cash equivalents held by IDT Payment Services, Inc. and IDT Payment Services of New York, LLC, which
provide the Company&#x2019;s international money transfer services in the United States, as substantially restricted and unavailable for
other purposes. At July 31, 2024 and 2023, &#x201c;Cash and cash equivalents&#x201d; in the Company&#x2019;s consolidated balance sheets
included an aggregate of $&lt;span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_iI_pn5n6_c20240731__srt--ProductOrServiceAxis__custom--IDTPaymentServicesMember_zJdvIUlzxnNk" title="Cash and cash equivalents, at carrying value"&gt;55.9&lt;/span&gt; million and $&lt;span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_iI_pn5n6_c20230731__srt--ProductOrServiceAxis__custom--IDTPaymentServicesMember_zFxMUCj5NG69" title="Cash and cash equivalents, at carrying value"&gt;20.6&lt;/span&gt; million, respectively, held by IDT Payment Services, Inc. and IDT Payment Services of
New York, LLC, that was unavailable for other purposes.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;

</us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsDisclosureTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:ScheduleOfCashAndCashEquivalentsTableTextBlock contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" id="Fact001571">&lt;p id="xdx_89A_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfCashAndCashEquivalentsTableTextBlock_zUogZGdTJZf5" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash and cash equivalents reported in the consolidated
balance sheets that equals the total of the same amounts reported in the consolidated statements of cash flows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8B5_z09Bd8MI8TAl" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"&gt;July 31 &lt;br/&gt; (in thousands)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_493_20240731_zVhC94RRoAnk" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49F_20230731_zf741tTuQqLg" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_iI_pn3n3_maCCERCzDIV_z2yttfNjItfd" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 60%; text-align: left"&gt;Cash and cash equivalents&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 16%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;164,557&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 16%; text-align: right"&gt;103,637&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_iI_pn3n3_maCCERCzDIV_z5vNHszU1RM8" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Restricted cash and cash equivalents&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;90,899&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;95,186&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_403_eus-gaap--CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents_iTI_pn3n3_mtCCERCzDIV_zrvdqX7ohgEc" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;TOTAL CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS, AND RESTRICTED CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;255,456&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;198,823&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

</us-gaap:ScheduleOfCashAndCashEquivalentsTableTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue
      contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001573"
      unitRef="USD">164557000</us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue>
    <us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue
      contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001574"
      unitRef="USD">103637000</us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue>
    <us-gaap:RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue
      contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001576"
      unitRef="USD">90899000</us-gaap:RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue>
    <us-gaap:RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue
      contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001577"
      unitRef="USD">95186000</us-gaap:RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue>
    <us-gaap:CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents
      contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001579"
      unitRef="USD">255456000</us-gaap:CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents>
    <us-gaap:CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents
      contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001580"
      unitRef="USD">198823000</us-gaap:CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents>
    <us-gaap:RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue
      contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31_custom_IDTFinancialServicesLimitedMember"
      decimals="-5"
      id="Fact001582"
      unitRef="USD">83300000</us-gaap:RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue>
    <us-gaap:RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue
      contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31_custom_IDTFinancialServicesLimitedMember"
      decimals="-5"
      id="Fact001584"
      unitRef="USD">87300000</us-gaap:RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue>
    <us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue
      contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31_custom_IDTPaymentServicesMember"
      decimals="-5"
      id="Fact001586"
      unitRef="USD">55900000</us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue>
    <us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue
      contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31_custom_IDTPaymentServicesMember"
      decimals="-5"
      id="Fact001588"
      unitRef="USD">20600000</us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue>
    <us-gaap:BusinessCombinationDisclosureTextBlock contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" id="Fact001590">&lt;p id="xdx_802_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationDisclosureTextBlock_z9hiNF3zkFcf" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Note
6&#x2014;&lt;span id="xdx_82B_zGt2Symknjr5"&gt;Acquisitions&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Integra
CCS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;On
March 3, 2022, net2phone 2.0 purchased all of the outstanding shares of Onwaba S.R.L. and Gem S.R.L. for an aggregate purchase price
of up to $&lt;span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferred1_pn5n6_c20220302__20220303__us-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionAxis__custom--IntegraCCSMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--NetTwophoneTwoZeroIncMember_zayT8XhcNkha" title="Business combination, consideration transferred"&gt;15.0&lt;/span&gt; million. Onwaba S.R.L. and Gem S.R.L. are located in Uruguay and use the trade name Integra CCS. The operating results
of the acquired companies from the date of acquisition, which were not significant, are included in the Company&#x2019;s consolidated
financial statements.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
purchase price consisted of: (a) cash of $&lt;span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--PaymentsToAcquireBusinessesGross_pn5n6_c20220302__20220303__us-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionAxis__custom--IntegraCCSMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--NetTwophoneTwoZeroIncMember_zJWpqtnSQsB1" title="Payments to acquire businesses, gross"&gt;7.2&lt;/span&gt; million that was paid at closing, (b) &lt;span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesAcquisitions_pid_c20220302__20220303__us-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionAxis__custom--IntegraCCSMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--NetTwophoneTwoZeroIncMember__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_zL5OU6HOkWC4" title="Stock issued during period, shares, acquisitions"&gt;27,765&lt;/span&gt; shares of the Company&#x2019;s Class B common
stock with a value of $&lt;span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueAcquisitions_pn5n6_c20220302__20220303__us-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionAxis__custom--IntegraCCSMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--NetTwophoneTwoZeroIncMember__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_zFR0ku5kUUJk" title="Stock issued during period, value, acquisitions"&gt;1.0&lt;/span&gt; million that were issued at closing, (c) cash of $&lt;span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferredLiabilitiesIncurred_pn5n6_c20220302__20220303__us-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionAxis__custom--IntegraCCSMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--NetTwophoneTwoZeroIncMember_zjAEnAPIohrj" title="Business combination, consideration transferred, liabilities incurred"&gt;3.3&lt;/span&gt; million, half of which was paid in fiscal 2023 and the
remainder was paid in fiscal 2024, and (d) &lt;span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsDescription_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionAxis__custom--IntegraCCSMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--NetTwophoneTwoZeroIncMember_zC5b2qS03wFg" title="Contingent consideration, description"&gt;contingent consideration of up to $&lt;span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsRangeOfOutcomesValueHigh_iI_pn5n6_c20220303__us-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionAxis__custom--IntegraCCSMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--NetTwophoneTwoZeroIncMember_zFcCf7Zs30jc" title="Payment on contingent consideration"&gt;3.5&lt;/span&gt; million based on annual cumulative incremental recurring
seat revenue of the net2phone segment over a four-year period, payable in cash and/or equity at net2phone 2.0&#x2019;s discretion&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_890_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfBusinessAcquisitionsByAcquisitionContingentConsiderationTextBlock_zFhgQ9BjbdQj" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
acquisition date fair value of the consideration consisted of the following:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8B3_z4ZgqhYRKmW4" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Acquisition Date Fair Value of Consideration&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: auto; border-collapse: collapse; width: 80%; margin-right: auto"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49B_20220302__20220303__us-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionAxis__custom--IntegraCCSMember_zHiIUyIqRcVf"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_404_eus-gaap--PaymentsToAcquireBusinessesGross_pn3n3_zqV4F4zROTw7" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 78%; text-align: left"&gt;Cash paid&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 18%; text-align: right"&gt;7,200&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--CashAcquiredFromAcquisition_iN_pn3n3_di_zB9hF8wjk1p2" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Cash acquired&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(81&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_403_eus-gaap--PaymentsToAcquireBusinessesNetOfCashAcquired_pn3n3_zN5QJ7j0FOCi" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Cash paid, net of cash acquired&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;7,119&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_406_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueAcquisitions_pn3n3_zFiPGGUFo3Xe" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Shares of the Company&#x2019;s Class B common stock&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;1,000&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferredLiabilitiesIncurred_pn3n3_zCPs2tsw6G2i" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Future payments subject to holdback&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;3,158&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Contingent consideration&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent_iI_pn3n3_c20220303__us-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionAxis__custom--IntegraCCSMember_zyhL9osDnRD2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Contingent consideration"&gt;1,361&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_409_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferred1_pn3n3_zfsFaQy1WDK" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Total fair value of consideration, net of cash acquired&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;12,638&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_8A3_z7qXI1546zLg" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
acquisition-date fair value of the contingent consideration was estimated using discounted cash flow models. This fair value measurement
was based on significant inputs not observable in the market and therefore represented a Level 3 measurement. There was no change in
the estimated fair value of the contingent consideration in the period from the acquisition date to July 31, 2023. In fiscal 2024, the
Company paid an aggregate of $&lt;span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability1_pn5n6_c20230801__20240731_zWfZl7AW11Oi" title="Contingent consideration."&gt;0.5&lt;/span&gt; million of the contingent consideration.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_89B_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfBusinessAcquisitionsByAcquisitionTextBlock_hus-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionAxis__custom--IntegraCCSMember_zFeb5eqmOol4" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
impact of the acquisition&#x2019;s purchase price allocations on the Company&#x2019;s consolidated balance sheet was as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8B6_zICN0v9UKU61" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Impact of Acquisition's Purchase Price Allocations on Consolidated Balance Sheet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: auto; border-collapse: collapse; width: 80%; margin-right: auto"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_496_20230303__us-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionAxis__custom--IntegraCCSMember_zlP4CJMN9GLl"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCurrentAssetsReceivables_iI_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 78%; text-align: left"&gt;Trade accounts receivable&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 18%; text-align: right"&gt;332&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_404_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCurrentAssetsPrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssets_iI_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Prepaid expenses&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;4&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCurrentAssetsOther_iI_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Other current assets&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;21&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40C_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCurrentAssets_iI_pn3n3_zJAg4KRWUCWc" style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Current assets&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedPropertyPlantAndEquipment_iI_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Property, plant, and equipment (mainly acquired technology)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;777&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_404_eus-gaap--Goodwill_iI_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;Goodwill&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;8,433&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_407_ecustom--BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCustomerRelationships_iI_pn3n3_zLncY2Eq1tKj" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Customer relationships (&lt;span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNjaGVkdWxlIG9mIEltcGFjdCBvZiBBY3F1aXNpdGlvbidzIFB1cmNoYXNlIFByaWNlIEFsbG9jYXRpb25zIG9uIENvbnNvbGlkYXRlZCBCYWxhbmNlIFNoZWV0IChEZXRhaWxzKSAoUGFyZW50aGV0aWNhbCkA" id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetUsefulLife_iI_dtY_c20220303__us-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionAxis__custom--IntegraCCSMember__us-gaap--FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis__us-gaap--CustomerRelationshipsMember_z6vtuZJYgLgh" title="Useful lives, years"&gt;7&lt;/span&gt;-year useful lives) &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;2,230&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedIntangibles_iI_pn3n3_zq0gDZWa79Y9" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Tradename (&lt;span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNjaGVkdWxlIG9mIEltcGFjdCBvZiBBY3F1aXNpdGlvbidzIFB1cmNoYXNlIFByaWNlIEFsbG9jYXRpb25zIG9uIENvbnNvbGlkYXRlZCBCYWxhbmNlIFNoZWV0IChEZXRhaWxzKSAoUGFyZW50aGV0aWNhbCkA" id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetUsefulLife_iI_dtY_c20220303__us-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionAxis__custom--IntegraCCSMember__us-gaap--FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis__us-gaap--TradeNamesMember_zqArZHcNfkge" title="Useful lives, years"&gt;5&lt;/span&gt;-year useful life)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;400&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40F_ecustom--BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedNonCompleteAgreements_iI_pn3n3_z6ieKln4bZla" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Non-compete agreements (&lt;span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNjaGVkdWxlIG9mIEltcGFjdCBvZiBBY3F1aXNpdGlvbidzIFB1cmNoYXNlIFByaWNlIEFsbG9jYXRpb25zIG9uIENvbnNvbGlkYXRlZCBCYWxhbmNlIFNoZWV0IChEZXRhaWxzKSAoUGFyZW50aGV0aWNhbCkA" id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetUsefulLife_iI_dtY_c20220303__us-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionAxis__custom--IntegraCCSMember__us-gaap--FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis__us-gaap--NoncompeteAgreementsMember_zpphyM6vnfH2" title="Useful lives, years"&gt;6&lt;/span&gt;-year useful lives)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;660&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_406_ecustom--BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedOperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset_iI_pn3n3_zTydZqjmc0if" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Operating lease right-of-use asset&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;732&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_406_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedOtherNoncurrentAssets_iI_pn3n3_zVxJc6c1MUV9" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Other assets&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;24&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_403_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedDeferredTaxAssets_iI_pn3n3_zJw7dWNxZnYi" style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Deferred income tax assets&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCurrentLiabilitiesAccountsPayable_iNI_pn3n3_di_zRzxu7rR6Iac" style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Trade accounts payable&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40B_ecustom--BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedLiabilitiesOther_iNI_pn3n3_di_zS7AmnUp78S5" style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Other current liabilities&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40D_ecustom--BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCurrentLiabilitiesAccruedLiabilities_iNI_pn3n3_di_z7Ai6V4h0A1f" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Accrued expenses&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(243&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40A_ecustom--BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedOperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_zHuhMoDCqUC8" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Operating lease liability current portion&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(176&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_406_ecustom--BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedOperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_za0oom91pr1a" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Operating lease liability noncurrent portion&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(556&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredGoodwillAndLiabilitiesAssumedNet_iI_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Net assets acquired excluding cash&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;12,638&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_8A3_zDZ6RsQVdpib" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
goodwill was assigned to the net2phone segment and was attributable primarily to the assembled workforce and the expected synergies from
the business combination. The goodwill is not expected to be deductible for income tax purposes.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Leaf
Global Fintech Corporation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;On
March 1, 2022, the Company&#x2019;s subsidiary, IDT International Telecom, Inc. (&#x201c;IDTIT&#x201d;), purchased all of the outstanding
shares of Leaf Global Fintech Corporation (&#x201c;Leaf&#x201d;), a provider of digital wallet services in emerging markets, for up to
$&lt;span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferred1_pn4n6_c20220227__20220301__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--IDTInternationalTelecomIncMember__us-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionAxis__custom--LeafGlobalFintechCorporationMember_z49O8CNL77O3" title="Business Combination, Consideration Transferred"&gt;6.05&lt;/span&gt; million. Leaf&#x2019;s operating results from the date of acquisition, which were not significant, are included in the Company&#x2019;s
consolidated financial statements.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
purchase price was comprised of (a) $&lt;span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--PaymentsToAcquireBusinessesGross_c20220227__20220301__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--IDTInternationalTelecomIncMember__us-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionAxis__custom--LeafGlobalFintechCorporationMember_pn5n6" title="Payments to Acquire Businesses, Gross"&gt;0.5&lt;/span&gt; million paid in cash at the closing, (b) a working capital adjustment for a maximum of $&lt;span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferredLiabilitiesIncurred_pp0p0_c20220227__20220301__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--IDTInternationalTelecomIncMember__us-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionAxis__custom--LeafGlobalFintechCorporationMember_zx5CvI777ODk" title="Business Combination, Consideration Transferred, Liabilities Incurred"&gt;50,000&lt;/span&gt;,
and (c) &lt;span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsDescription_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionAxis__custom--LeafGlobalFintechCorporationMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--IDTInternationalTelecomIncMember_zyu0cm2UaIi5" title="Contingent consideration, description"&gt;contingent consideration of up to $&lt;span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsRangeOfOutcomesValueHigh_c20220301__us-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionAxis__custom--LeafGlobalFintechCorporationMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--IDTInternationalTelecomIncMember_pn5n6" title="Payment on contingent consideration"&gt;5.5&lt;/span&gt; million based on annual gross profit over a five-year period&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_891_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfBusinessAcquisitionsByAcquisitionContingentConsiderationTextBlock_hus-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionAxis__custom--LeafGlobalFintechCorporationMember_zBw3Z3cFGVS" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
acquisition date fair value of the consideration consisted of the following:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8B9_zV3a3UrlTC8k" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Acquisition Date Fair Value of Consideration&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: auto; border-collapse: collapse; width: 80%; margin-right: auto"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_490_20220227__20220301__us-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionAxis__custom--LeafGlobalFintechCorporationMember_z1Bt2R9eG7l2"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--PaymentsToAcquireBusinessesGross_pn3n3_zUTexbxAx602" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 78%; text-align: left"&gt;Cash paid&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 18%; text-align: right"&gt;500&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_409_eus-gaap--CashAcquiredFromAcquisition_iN_pn3n3_di_zmxSD1PTMmf4" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Cash acquired&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(167&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--PaymentsToAcquireBusinessesNetOfCashAcquired_pn3n3_zYjtUxKhhVqk" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Cash paid, net of cash acquired&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;333&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Contingent consideration&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent_iI_pn3n3_c20220301__us-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionAxis__custom--LeafGlobalFintechCorporationMember_zHPPxw6UfGUf" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Contingent consideration"&gt;3,330&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40A_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferred1_pn3n3_zlk1fYMTEGI6" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Total fair value of consideration, net of cash acquired&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;3,663&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_8A1_zi5TeP2e12W2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
acquisition-date fair value of the contingent consideration was estimated using discounted cash flow models. This fair value
measurement was based on significant inputs not observable in the market and therefore represented a Level 3 measurement. There was
no change in the estimated fair value of the contingent consideration in the period from the acquisition date to July 31, 2022. In
fiscal 2024 and fiscal 2023, the Company determined that the requirements for the contingent consideration payments would likely not
be met. The Company recorded gains of $&lt;span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability1_pn5n6_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionAxis__custom--LeafGlobalFintechCorporationMember_zqJorq7WKBC" title="Write-off of contingent consideration"&gt;1.8&lt;/span&gt;
million and $&lt;span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability1_pn5n6_c20220801__20230731__us-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionAxis__custom--LeafGlobalFintechCorporationMember_z8MBuR3fmca7" title="Write-off of contingent consideration"&gt;1.6&lt;/span&gt;
million in fiscal 2024 and fiscal 2023, respectively, on the write-off of the contingent consideration payment obligations, which
was included in &#x201c;Other operating expense, net&#x201d; in the accompanying consolidated statements of income.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_89F_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfBusinessAcquisitionsByAcquisitionTextBlock_hus-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionAxis__custom--LeafGlobalFintechCorporationMember_z2bQKAOvFAI3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
impact of the acquisition&#x2019;s purchase price allocations on the Company&#x2019;s consolidated balance sheet was as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8B4_z8QRjpA4WJM2" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Impact of Acquisition's Purchase Price Allocations on Consolidated Balance Sheet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: auto; border-collapse: collapse; width: 80%; margin-right: auto"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49C_20220301__us-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionAxis__custom--LeafGlobalFintechCorporationMember_zgJ8X34V9RK1"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40C_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCurrentAssets_iI_zbwU5CcpYTA5" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 78%; text-align: left"&gt;Current assets&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 18%; text-align: right"&gt;9&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40B_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedPropertyPlantAndEquipment_iI_pn3n3_zoJ9K2f8aFHk" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Property, plant, and equipment (mainly acquired technology)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;324&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--Goodwill_iI_pn3n3_zOE0ah9e8Go4" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;Goodwill&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;3,199&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedIntangibles_iI_pn3n3_zkGz8ImNzGB8" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Tradename (&lt;span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNjaGVkdWxlIG9mIEltcGFjdCBvZiBBY3F1aXNpdGlvbidzIFB1cmNoYXNlIFByaWNlIEFsbG9jYXRpb25zIG9uIENvbnNvbGlkYXRlZCBCYWxhbmNlIFNoZWV0IChEZXRhaWxzKSAoUGFyZW50aGV0aWNhbCkA" id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetUsefulLife_iI_dtY_c20220301__us-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionAxis__custom--LeafGlobalFintechCorporationMember__us-gaap--FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis__us-gaap--TradeNamesMember_ziehClwWSkn3" title="Finite-Lived Intangible Asset, Useful Life"&gt;5&lt;/span&gt;-year useful life)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;131&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_404_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredGoodwillAndLiabilitiesAssumedNet_iI_pn3n3_zRdEg8sRtrwl" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Net assets acquired excluding cash&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;3,663&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_8AF_zTQzQMoreSv1" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
goodwill was assigned to the Fintech segment and was attributable primarily to the assembled workforce and the expected synergies from
the business combination. The goodwill is not expected to be deductible for income tax purposes.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</us-gaap:BusinessCombinationDisclosureTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferred1
      contextRef="From2022-03-022022-03-03_custom_IntegraCCSMember_custom_NetTwophoneTwoZeroIncMember"
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      unitRef="USD">15000000.0</us-gaap:BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferred1>
    <us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquireBusinessesGross
      contextRef="From2022-03-022022-03-03_custom_IntegraCCSMember_custom_NetTwophoneTwoZeroIncMember"
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      id="Fact001594"
      unitRef="USD">7200000</us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquireBusinessesGross>
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      id="Fact001596"
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      id="Fact001598"
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      contextRef="From2022-03-022022-03-03_custom_IntegraCCSMember_custom_NetTwophoneTwoZeroIncMember"
      decimals="-5"
      id="Fact001600"
      unitRef="USD">3300000</us-gaap:BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferredLiabilitiesIncurred>
    <us-gaap:BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsDescription
      contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_custom_IntegraCCSMember_custom_NetTwophoneTwoZeroIncMember"
      id="Fact001602">contingent consideration of up to $3.5 million based on annual cumulative incremental recurring
seat revenue of the net2phone segment over a four-year period, payable in cash and/or equity at net2phone 2.0&#x2019;s discretion</us-gaap:BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsDescription>
    <us-gaap:BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsRangeOfOutcomesValueHigh
      contextRef="AsOf2022-03-03_custom_IntegraCCSMember_custom_NetTwophoneTwoZeroIncMember"
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    <us-gaap:ScheduleOfBusinessAcquisitionsByAcquisitionContingentConsiderationTextBlock contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" id="Fact001606">&lt;p id="xdx_890_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfBusinessAcquisitionsByAcquisitionContingentConsiderationTextBlock_zFhgQ9BjbdQj" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
acquisition date fair value of the consideration consisted of the following:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8B3_z4ZgqhYRKmW4" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Acquisition Date Fair Value of Consideration&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: auto; border-collapse: collapse; width: 80%; margin-right: auto"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49B_20220302__20220303__us-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionAxis__custom--IntegraCCSMember_zHiIUyIqRcVf"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_404_eus-gaap--PaymentsToAcquireBusinessesGross_pn3n3_zqV4F4zROTw7" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 78%; text-align: left"&gt;Cash paid&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 18%; text-align: right"&gt;7,200&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--CashAcquiredFromAcquisition_iN_pn3n3_di_zB9hF8wjk1p2" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Cash acquired&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(81&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_403_eus-gaap--PaymentsToAcquireBusinessesNetOfCashAcquired_pn3n3_zN5QJ7j0FOCi" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Cash paid, net of cash acquired&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;7,119&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_406_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueAcquisitions_pn3n3_zFiPGGUFo3Xe" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Shares of the Company&#x2019;s Class B common stock&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;1,000&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferredLiabilitiesIncurred_pn3n3_zCPs2tsw6G2i" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Future payments subject to holdback&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;3,158&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Contingent consideration&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent_iI_pn3n3_c20220303__us-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionAxis__custom--IntegraCCSMember_zyhL9osDnRD2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Contingent consideration"&gt;1,361&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_409_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferred1_pn3n3_zfsFaQy1WDK" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Total fair value of consideration, net of cash acquired&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;12,638&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

</us-gaap:ScheduleOfBusinessAcquisitionsByAcquisitionContingentConsiderationTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquireBusinessesGross
      contextRef="From2022-03-022022-03-03_custom_IntegraCCSMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001608"
      unitRef="USD">7200000</us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquireBusinessesGross>
    <us-gaap:CashAcquiredFromAcquisition
      contextRef="From2022-03-022022-03-03_custom_IntegraCCSMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001610"
      unitRef="USD">81000</us-gaap:CashAcquiredFromAcquisition>
    <us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquireBusinessesNetOfCashAcquired
      contextRef="From2022-03-022022-03-03_custom_IntegraCCSMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001612"
      unitRef="USD">7119000</us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquireBusinessesNetOfCashAcquired>
    <us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueAcquisitions
      contextRef="From2022-03-022022-03-03_custom_IntegraCCSMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001614"
      unitRef="USD">1000000</us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueAcquisitions>
    <us-gaap:BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferredLiabilitiesIncurred
      contextRef="From2022-03-022022-03-03_custom_IntegraCCSMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001616"
      unitRef="USD">3158000</us-gaap:BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferredLiabilitiesIncurred>
    <us-gaap:BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent
      contextRef="AsOf2022-03-03_custom_IntegraCCSMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001618"
      unitRef="USD">1361000</us-gaap:BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent>
    <us-gaap:BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferred1
      contextRef="From2022-03-022022-03-03_custom_IntegraCCSMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001620"
      unitRef="USD">12638000</us-gaap:BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferred1>
    <us-gaap:BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability1
      contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31"
      decimals="-5"
      id="Fact001622"
      unitRef="USD">500000</us-gaap:BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability1>
    <us-gaap:ScheduleOfBusinessAcquisitionsByAcquisitionTextBlock
      contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_custom_IntegraCCSMember"
      id="Fact001624">&lt;p id="xdx_89B_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfBusinessAcquisitionsByAcquisitionTextBlock_hus-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionAxis__custom--IntegraCCSMember_zFeb5eqmOol4" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
impact of the acquisition&#x2019;s purchase price allocations on the Company&#x2019;s consolidated balance sheet was as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8B6_zICN0v9UKU61" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Impact of Acquisition's Purchase Price Allocations on Consolidated Balance Sheet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: auto; border-collapse: collapse; width: 80%; margin-right: auto"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_496_20230303__us-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionAxis__custom--IntegraCCSMember_zlP4CJMN9GLl"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCurrentAssetsReceivables_iI_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 78%; text-align: left"&gt;Trade accounts receivable&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 18%; text-align: right"&gt;332&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_404_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCurrentAssetsPrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssets_iI_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Prepaid expenses&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;4&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCurrentAssetsOther_iI_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Other current assets&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;21&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40C_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCurrentAssets_iI_pn3n3_zJAg4KRWUCWc" style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Current assets&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedPropertyPlantAndEquipment_iI_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Property, plant, and equipment (mainly acquired technology)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;777&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_404_eus-gaap--Goodwill_iI_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;Goodwill&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;8,433&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_407_ecustom--BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCustomerRelationships_iI_pn3n3_zLncY2Eq1tKj" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Customer relationships (&lt;span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNjaGVkdWxlIG9mIEltcGFjdCBvZiBBY3F1aXNpdGlvbidzIFB1cmNoYXNlIFByaWNlIEFsbG9jYXRpb25zIG9uIENvbnNvbGlkYXRlZCBCYWxhbmNlIFNoZWV0IChEZXRhaWxzKSAoUGFyZW50aGV0aWNhbCkA" id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetUsefulLife_iI_dtY_c20220303__us-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionAxis__custom--IntegraCCSMember__us-gaap--FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis__us-gaap--CustomerRelationshipsMember_z6vtuZJYgLgh" title="Useful lives, years"&gt;7&lt;/span&gt;-year useful lives) &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;2,230&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedIntangibles_iI_pn3n3_zq0gDZWa79Y9" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Tradename (&lt;span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNjaGVkdWxlIG9mIEltcGFjdCBvZiBBY3F1aXNpdGlvbidzIFB1cmNoYXNlIFByaWNlIEFsbG9jYXRpb25zIG9uIENvbnNvbGlkYXRlZCBCYWxhbmNlIFNoZWV0IChEZXRhaWxzKSAoUGFyZW50aGV0aWNhbCkA" id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetUsefulLife_iI_dtY_c20220303__us-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionAxis__custom--IntegraCCSMember__us-gaap--FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis__us-gaap--TradeNamesMember_zqArZHcNfkge" title="Useful lives, years"&gt;5&lt;/span&gt;-year useful life)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;400&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40F_ecustom--BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedNonCompleteAgreements_iI_pn3n3_z6ieKln4bZla" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Non-compete agreements (&lt;span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNjaGVkdWxlIG9mIEltcGFjdCBvZiBBY3F1aXNpdGlvbidzIFB1cmNoYXNlIFByaWNlIEFsbG9jYXRpb25zIG9uIENvbnNvbGlkYXRlZCBCYWxhbmNlIFNoZWV0IChEZXRhaWxzKSAoUGFyZW50aGV0aWNhbCkA" id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetUsefulLife_iI_dtY_c20220303__us-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionAxis__custom--IntegraCCSMember__us-gaap--FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis__us-gaap--NoncompeteAgreementsMember_zpphyM6vnfH2" title="Useful lives, years"&gt;6&lt;/span&gt;-year useful lives)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;660&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_406_ecustom--BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedOperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset_iI_pn3n3_zTydZqjmc0if" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Operating lease right-of-use asset&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;732&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_406_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedOtherNoncurrentAssets_iI_pn3n3_zVxJc6c1MUV9" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Other assets&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;24&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_403_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedDeferredTaxAssets_iI_pn3n3_zJw7dWNxZnYi" style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Deferred income tax assets&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCurrentLiabilitiesAccountsPayable_iNI_pn3n3_di_zRzxu7rR6Iac" style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Trade accounts payable&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40B_ecustom--BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedLiabilitiesOther_iNI_pn3n3_di_zS7AmnUp78S5" style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Other current liabilities&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40D_ecustom--BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCurrentLiabilitiesAccruedLiabilities_iNI_pn3n3_di_z7Ai6V4h0A1f" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Accrued expenses&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(243&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40A_ecustom--BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedOperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_zHuhMoDCqUC8" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Operating lease liability current portion&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(176&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_406_ecustom--BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedOperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_za0oom91pr1a" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Operating lease liability noncurrent portion&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(556&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredGoodwillAndLiabilitiesAssumedNet_iI_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Net assets acquired excluding cash&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;12,638&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

</us-gaap:ScheduleOfBusinessAcquisitionsByAcquisitionTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCurrentAssetsReceivables
      contextRef="AsOf2023-03-03_custom_IntegraCCSMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001626"
      unitRef="USD">332000</us-gaap:BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCurrentAssetsReceivables>
    <us-gaap:BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCurrentAssetsPrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssets
      contextRef="AsOf2023-03-03_custom_IntegraCCSMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001628"
      unitRef="USD">4000</us-gaap:BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCurrentAssetsPrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssets>
    <us-gaap:BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCurrentAssetsOther
      contextRef="AsOf2023-03-03_custom_IntegraCCSMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001630"
      unitRef="USD">21000</us-gaap:BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCurrentAssetsOther>
    <us-gaap:BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedPropertyPlantAndEquipment
      contextRef="AsOf2023-03-03_custom_IntegraCCSMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001634"
      unitRef="USD">777000</us-gaap:BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedPropertyPlantAndEquipment>
    <us-gaap:Goodwill
      contextRef="AsOf2023-03-03_custom_IntegraCCSMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001636"
      unitRef="USD">8433000</us-gaap:Goodwill>
    <us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetUsefulLife
      contextRef="AsOf2022-03-03_custom_IntegraCCSMember_us-gaap_CustomerRelationshipsMember"
      id="Fact001640">P7Y</us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetUsefulLife>
    <IDT:BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCustomerRelationships
      contextRef="AsOf2023-03-03_custom_IntegraCCSMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001638"
      unitRef="USD">2230000</IDT:BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCustomerRelationships>
    <us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetUsefulLife
      contextRef="AsOf2022-03-03_custom_IntegraCCSMember_us-gaap_TradeNamesMember"
      id="Fact001644">P5Y</us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetUsefulLife>
    <us-gaap:BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedIntangibles
      contextRef="AsOf2023-03-03_custom_IntegraCCSMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001642"
      unitRef="USD">400000</us-gaap:BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedIntangibles>
    <us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetUsefulLife
      contextRef="AsOf2022-03-03_custom_IntegraCCSMember_us-gaap_NoncompeteAgreementsMember"
      id="Fact001648">P6Y</us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetUsefulLife>
    <IDT:BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedNonCompleteAgreements
      contextRef="AsOf2023-03-03_custom_IntegraCCSMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001646"
      unitRef="USD">660000</IDT:BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedNonCompleteAgreements>
    <IDT:BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedOperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset
      contextRef="AsOf2023-03-03_custom_IntegraCCSMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001650"
      unitRef="USD">732000</IDT:BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedOperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset>
    <us-gaap:BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedOtherNoncurrentAssets
      contextRef="AsOf2023-03-03_custom_IntegraCCSMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001652"
      unitRef="USD">24000</us-gaap:BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedOtherNoncurrentAssets>
    <IDT:BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCurrentLiabilitiesAccruedLiabilities
      contextRef="AsOf2023-03-03_custom_IntegraCCSMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001660"
      unitRef="USD">243000</IDT:BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCurrentLiabilitiesAccruedLiabilities>
    <IDT:BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedOperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent
      contextRef="AsOf2023-03-03_custom_IntegraCCSMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001662"
      unitRef="USD">176000</IDT:BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedOperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent>
    <IDT:BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedOperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent
      contextRef="AsOf2023-03-03_custom_IntegraCCSMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001664"
      unitRef="USD">556000</IDT:BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedOperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent>
    <us-gaap:BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredGoodwillAndLiabilitiesAssumedNet
      contextRef="AsOf2023-03-03_custom_IntegraCCSMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001666"
      unitRef="USD">12638000</us-gaap:BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredGoodwillAndLiabilitiesAssumedNet>
    <us-gaap:BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferred1
      contextRef="From2022-02-272022-03-01_custom_IDTInternationalTelecomIncMember_custom_LeafGlobalFintechCorporationMember"
      decimals="-4"
      id="Fact001668"
      unitRef="USD">6050000.00</us-gaap:BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferred1>
    <us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquireBusinessesGross
      contextRef="From2022-02-272022-03-01_custom_IDTInternationalTelecomIncMember_custom_LeafGlobalFintechCorporationMember"
      decimals="-5"
      id="Fact001670"
      unitRef="USD">500000</us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquireBusinessesGross>
    <us-gaap:BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferredLiabilitiesIncurred
      contextRef="From2022-02-272022-03-01_custom_IDTInternationalTelecomIncMember_custom_LeafGlobalFintechCorporationMember"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact001672"
      unitRef="USD">50000</us-gaap:BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferredLiabilitiesIncurred>
    <us-gaap:BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsDescription
      contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_custom_LeafGlobalFintechCorporationMember_custom_IDTInternationalTelecomIncMember"
      id="Fact001674">contingent consideration of up to $5.5 million based on annual gross profit over a five-year period</us-gaap:BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsDescription>
    <us-gaap:BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsRangeOfOutcomesValueHigh
      contextRef="AsOf2022-03-01_custom_LeafGlobalFintechCorporationMember_custom_IDTInternationalTelecomIncMember"
      decimals="-5"
      id="Fact001676"
      unitRef="USD">5500000</us-gaap:BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsRangeOfOutcomesValueHigh>
    <us-gaap:ScheduleOfBusinessAcquisitionsByAcquisitionContingentConsiderationTextBlock
      contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_custom_LeafGlobalFintechCorporationMember"
      id="Fact001678">&lt;p id="xdx_891_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfBusinessAcquisitionsByAcquisitionContingentConsiderationTextBlock_hus-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionAxis__custom--LeafGlobalFintechCorporationMember_zBw3Z3cFGVS" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
acquisition date fair value of the consideration consisted of the following:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8B9_zV3a3UrlTC8k" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Acquisition Date Fair Value of Consideration&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: auto; border-collapse: collapse; width: 80%; margin-right: auto"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_490_20220227__20220301__us-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionAxis__custom--LeafGlobalFintechCorporationMember_z1Bt2R9eG7l2"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--PaymentsToAcquireBusinessesGross_pn3n3_zUTexbxAx602" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 78%; text-align: left"&gt;Cash paid&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 18%; text-align: right"&gt;500&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_409_eus-gaap--CashAcquiredFromAcquisition_iN_pn3n3_di_zmxSD1PTMmf4" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Cash acquired&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(167&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--PaymentsToAcquireBusinessesNetOfCashAcquired_pn3n3_zYjtUxKhhVqk" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Cash paid, net of cash acquired&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;333&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Contingent consideration&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent_iI_pn3n3_c20220301__us-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionAxis__custom--LeafGlobalFintechCorporationMember_zHPPxw6UfGUf" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Contingent consideration"&gt;3,330&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40A_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferred1_pn3n3_zlk1fYMTEGI6" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Total fair value of consideration, net of cash acquired&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;3,663&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

</us-gaap:ScheduleOfBusinessAcquisitionsByAcquisitionContingentConsiderationTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquireBusinessesGross
      contextRef="From2022-02-272022-03-01_custom_LeafGlobalFintechCorporationMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001680"
      unitRef="USD">500000</us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquireBusinessesGross>
    <us-gaap:CashAcquiredFromAcquisition
      contextRef="From2022-02-272022-03-01_custom_LeafGlobalFintechCorporationMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001682"
      unitRef="USD">167000</us-gaap:CashAcquiredFromAcquisition>
    <us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquireBusinessesNetOfCashAcquired
      contextRef="From2022-02-272022-03-01_custom_LeafGlobalFintechCorporationMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001684"
      unitRef="USD">333000</us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquireBusinessesNetOfCashAcquired>
    <us-gaap:BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent
      contextRef="AsOf2022-03-01_custom_LeafGlobalFintechCorporationMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001686"
      unitRef="USD">3330000</us-gaap:BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent>
    <us-gaap:BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferred1
      contextRef="From2022-02-272022-03-01_custom_LeafGlobalFintechCorporationMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001688"
      unitRef="USD">3663000</us-gaap:BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferred1>
    <us-gaap:BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability1
      contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_custom_LeafGlobalFintechCorporationMember"
      decimals="-5"
      id="Fact001690"
      unitRef="USD">1800000</us-gaap:BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability1>
    <us-gaap:BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability1
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31_custom_LeafGlobalFintechCorporationMember"
      decimals="-5"
      id="Fact001692"
      unitRef="USD">1600000</us-gaap:BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability1>
    <us-gaap:ScheduleOfBusinessAcquisitionsByAcquisitionTextBlock
      contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_custom_LeafGlobalFintechCorporationMember"
      id="Fact001694">&lt;p id="xdx_89F_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfBusinessAcquisitionsByAcquisitionTextBlock_hus-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionAxis__custom--LeafGlobalFintechCorporationMember_z2bQKAOvFAI3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
impact of the acquisition&#x2019;s purchase price allocations on the Company&#x2019;s consolidated balance sheet was as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8B4_z8QRjpA4WJM2" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Impact of Acquisition's Purchase Price Allocations on Consolidated Balance Sheet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: auto; border-collapse: collapse; width: 80%; margin-right: auto"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49C_20220301__us-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionAxis__custom--LeafGlobalFintechCorporationMember_zgJ8X34V9RK1"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40C_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCurrentAssets_iI_zbwU5CcpYTA5" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 78%; text-align: left"&gt;Current assets&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 18%; text-align: right"&gt;9&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40B_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedPropertyPlantAndEquipment_iI_pn3n3_zoJ9K2f8aFHk" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Property, plant, and equipment (mainly acquired technology)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;324&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--Goodwill_iI_pn3n3_zOE0ah9e8Go4" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;Goodwill&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;3,199&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedIntangibles_iI_pn3n3_zkGz8ImNzGB8" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Tradename (&lt;span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNjaGVkdWxlIG9mIEltcGFjdCBvZiBBY3F1aXNpdGlvbidzIFB1cmNoYXNlIFByaWNlIEFsbG9jYXRpb25zIG9uIENvbnNvbGlkYXRlZCBCYWxhbmNlIFNoZWV0IChEZXRhaWxzKSAoUGFyZW50aGV0aWNhbCkA" id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetUsefulLife_iI_dtY_c20220301__us-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionAxis__custom--LeafGlobalFintechCorporationMember__us-gaap--FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis__us-gaap--TradeNamesMember_ziehClwWSkn3" title="Finite-Lived Intangible Asset, Useful Life"&gt;5&lt;/span&gt;-year useful life)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;131&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_404_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredGoodwillAndLiabilitiesAssumedNet_iI_pn3n3_zRdEg8sRtrwl" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Net assets acquired excluding cash&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;3,663&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

</us-gaap:ScheduleOfBusinessAcquisitionsByAcquisitionTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCurrentAssets
      contextRef="AsOf2022-03-01_custom_LeafGlobalFintechCorporationMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001696"
      unitRef="USD">9000</us-gaap:BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedCurrentAssets>
    <us-gaap:BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedPropertyPlantAndEquipment
      contextRef="AsOf2022-03-01_custom_LeafGlobalFintechCorporationMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001698"
      unitRef="USD">324000</us-gaap:BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedPropertyPlantAndEquipment>
    <us-gaap:Goodwill
      contextRef="AsOf2022-03-01_custom_LeafGlobalFintechCorporationMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001700"
      unitRef="USD">3199000</us-gaap:Goodwill>
    <us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetUsefulLife
      contextRef="AsOf2022-03-01_custom_LeafGlobalFintechCorporationMember_us-gaap_TradeNamesMember"
      id="Fact001704">P5Y</us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetUsefulLife>
    <us-gaap:BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedIntangibles
      contextRef="AsOf2022-03-01_custom_LeafGlobalFintechCorporationMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001702"
      unitRef="USD">131000</us-gaap:BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredAndLiabilitiesAssumedIntangibles>
    <us-gaap:BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredGoodwillAndLiabilitiesAssumedNet
      contextRef="AsOf2022-03-01_custom_LeafGlobalFintechCorporationMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001706"
      unitRef="USD">3663000</us-gaap:BusinessCombinationRecognizedIdentifiableAssetsAcquiredGoodwillAndLiabilitiesAssumedNet>
    <us-gaap:InvestmentsInDebtAndMarketableEquitySecuritiesAndCertainTradingAssetsDisclosureTextBlock contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" id="Fact001708">&lt;p id="xdx_803_eus-gaap--InvestmentsInDebtAndMarketableEquitySecuritiesAndCertainTradingAssetsDisclosureTextBlock_zBE3gsij2fpi" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Note
7&#x2014;&lt;span id="xdx_822_zINDud2nMR99"&gt;Debt Securities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_897_eus-gaap--MarketableSecuritiesTextBlock_zmHcpZjx33il" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
following is a summary of available-for-sale debt securities:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8B6_zB9UuvV4DU2k" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;Amortized &lt;br/&gt; Cost&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;Gross &lt;br/&gt; Unrealized &lt;br/&gt; Gains&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;Gross &lt;br/&gt; Unrealized &lt;br/&gt; Losses&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;Fair Value&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;July 31, 2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 20pt; width: 40%; text-align: left"&gt;U.S. Treasury bills and notes&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_zgDQjrxe0uVe" style="width: 11%; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Amortized Cost"&gt;16,641&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_zpu3inm6wBRe" style="width: 11%; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax"&gt;10&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20240731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_zZ6wktkS0s71" style="width: 11%; text-align: right"&gt;(66&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_zL79mAf8jVk2" style="width: 11%; text-align: right"&gt;16,585&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 20pt; text-align: left"&gt;Government sponsored enterprise notes&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USGovernmentSponsoredEnterprisesDebtSecuritiesMember_zGJxZvALFnme" style="text-align: right"&gt;3,356&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USGovernmentSponsoredEnterprisesDebtSecuritiesMember_zk79lCkCiL62" style="text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1719"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20240731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USGovernmentSponsoredEnterprisesDebtSecuritiesMember_z8nLysmMPNQa" style="text-align: right"&gt;(3&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USGovernmentSponsoredEnterprisesDebtSecuritiesMember_zGQKk9i4vYAk" style="text-align: right"&gt;3,353&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 20pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Corporate bonds&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_zM4dKu9UrXbc" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;3,821&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_zAljjrCfRNCa" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;1&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20240731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_zxVray8MHBmi" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(322&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_z9Ah8339mtab" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;3,500&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;TOTAL&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis_iI_pn3n3_c20240731_zlc8wFyM9zCl" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Amortized Cost"&gt;23,818&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax_iI_pn3n3_c20240731_zkDj4FYRnGgg" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;11&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20240731_z2rASf6a4hj6" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;(391&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20240731_z44ZLmdM5Kje" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;23,438&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;July 31, 2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 20pt"&gt;Certificates of deposit&lt;span id="xdx_F4E_zBMPMQYXYAJa"&gt;*&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CertificatesOfDepositMember_fKg_____zb42th3Uz8P1" style="text-align: right"&gt;4,080&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CertificatesOfDepositMember_fKg_____z5VtsnscrLm" style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1732"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CertificatesOfDepositMember_fKg_____zLJz4JLCoXD3" style="text-align: right"&gt;(4&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CertificatesOfDepositMember_fKg_____z0vv37DNwjO4" style="text-align: right"&gt;4,076&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 20pt; text-align: left"&gt;U.S. Treasury bills and notes&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_zNEdohP38pz6" style="text-align: right"&gt;31,186&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_zn5I1DBAkR6g" style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1736"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_zOeilLP9Enc4" style="text-align: right"&gt;(148&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_zBVeKEoGrW17" style="text-align: right"&gt;31,038&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 20pt; text-align: left"&gt;Corporate bonds&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_zP0zA5FDmODh" style="text-align: right"&gt;3,881&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_z0QSz85sY4pg" style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1740"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_zYbiLOv9F01k" style="text-align: right"&gt;(8&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_ziVBdEXJEOHi" style="text-align: right"&gt;3,873&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 20pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Municipal bonds&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--MunicipalBondsMember_zPZq0xz2QcMa" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;3,912&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--MunicipalBondsMember_zVBl8JSqzcH8" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1744"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--MunicipalBondsMember_zR9fBJ9cdlx8" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(485&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--MunicipalBondsMember_z3Eq2XmRskg" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;3,427&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;TOTAL&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis_iI_pn3n3_c20230731_zskv6muJMWce" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;43,059&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax_iI_pn3n3_c20230731_zU5CIvy023g9" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1748"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230731_zTo4o8dIysVk" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;(645&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20230731_zIXmGdmaH7vb" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;42,414&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"&gt;&lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"&gt;
&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.2in"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_F03_zZfmGC9lTl08" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;*&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_F1C_zya9ZmGPUxwk" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Each
                                            of the certificates of deposit held by the Company has a CUSIP, was purchased in the secondary
                                            market through a broker and may be sold in the secondary market.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_8A2_z29s6GUt8jB4" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
gross unrealized losses in the table above are recorded in &#x201c;Accumulated other comprehensive loss&#x201d; in the consolidated balance
sheets. As of July 31, 2024, the Company determined that the unrealized losses were due to changes in interest rates or market liquidity
and were not due to credit losses. In addition, as of July 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company did not intend to sell any of the securities
with unrealized losses, and it is not more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell any of these securities before recovery
of the unrealized losses, which may be at maturity.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Proceeds
from maturities and sales of debt securities and redemptions of equity investments were $&lt;span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--ProceedsFromSaleAndMaturityOfAvailableForSaleSecurities_pn5n6_c20230801__20240731_zOVYY8RdMaS9" title="Proceeds from sale and maturity of debt securities, available-for-sale"&gt;50.1&lt;/span&gt; million, $&lt;span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--ProceedsFromSaleAndMaturityOfAvailableForSaleSecurities_pn5n6_c20220801__20230731_zNPHCJ7MxnMg" title="Proceeds from sale and maturity of debt securities, available-for-sale"&gt;49.2&lt;/span&gt; million, and $&lt;span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--ProceedsFromSaleAndMaturityOfAvailableForSaleSecurities_pn5n6_c20210801__20220731_z61XLzphyf4a" title="Proceeds from sale and maturity of debt securities, available-for-sale"&gt;21.2&lt;/span&gt; million
in fiscal 2024, fiscal 2023, and fiscal 2022, respectively. There were no realized gains or realized losses from sales of debt securities
in fiscal 2024, fiscal 2023, or fiscal 2022.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_89E_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleTableTextBlock_zBJUj6ce2VLj" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
contractual maturities of the Company&#x2019;s available-for-sale debt securities at July 31, 2024 were as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8BD_zSUJC6Skb91l" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Contractual Maturities of Available-for-sale Debt Securities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49C_20240731_zQX4dyqW2Bj" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;Fair Value&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesWithinOneYearFairValue_iI_pn3n3_maAFSSDz3sI_zsfgrHnSmgE9" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 78%; text-align: left"&gt;Within one year&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 18%; text-align: right"&gt;16,808&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_409_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesAfterOneThroughFiveYearsFairValue_iI_pn3n3_maAFSSDz3sI_zDW1RSZbBBwl" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;After one year through five years&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;5,456&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesAfterFiveThroughTenYearsFairValue_iI_pn3n3_maAFSSDz3sI_z8oMBKcPrpmh" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;After five years through ten years&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;1,137&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_405_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesAfterTenYearsFairValue_iI_pn3n3_maAFSSDz3sI_zLyz0dQVIHI2" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;After ten years&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;37&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iTI_pn3n3_mtAFSSDz3sI_zuyf7S90yw9a" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;TOTAL&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;23,438&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_8A6_zTOVUuFu3QGf" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_89C_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionFairValueTableTextBlock_zquLXm1YDtK3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
following table includes the fair value of the Company&#x2019;s available-for-sale debt securities that were in an unrealized loss position:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;span id="xdx_8B1_zpSMXjUIhUwf" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule
of Available-for-sale Securities, Unrealized Loss Position&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;Unrealized &lt;br/&gt; Losses&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;Fair &lt;br/&gt;Value&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;July 31, 2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; width: 60%; text-align: left"&gt;U.S. Treasury bills and notes&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_z13EDtoMAW7d" style="width: 16%; text-align: right"&gt;66&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_z6VWKuFhER3l" style="width: 16%; text-align: right"&gt;12,936&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;Government sponsored enterprise notes&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__custom--GovernmentSponsoredEnterpriseNotesMember_zhftDgCheP65" style="text-align: right"&gt;3&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__custom--GovernmentSponsoredEnterpriseNotesMember_zspAvjiAFj52" style="text-align: right"&gt;2,634&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Corporate bonds&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_zFsBYS1RLLzj" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;322&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_znPB2BbDEdS9" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;3,310&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;TOTAL&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20240731_zpwMKLP27GPd" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;391&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition_iI_pn3n3_c20240731_zxPA5lzRzEli" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;18,880&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;July 31, 2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt"&gt;Certificates of deposit&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CertificatesOfDepositMember_zOpseH94y2dg" style="text-align: right"&gt;4&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CertificatesOfDepositMember_ziC5gk73L9Y5" style="text-align: right"&gt;3,356&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;U.S. Treasury bills and notes&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_zW0J2HIohhv2" style="text-align: right"&gt;148&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_zARWHS9ErEzi" style="text-align: right"&gt;31,038&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;Corporate bonds&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_zWqPtKBnFsJh" style="text-align: right"&gt;8&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_zkrbFFQNasm4" style="text-align: right"&gt;3,873&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Municipal bonds&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--MunicipalBondsMember_zpxCYRSwd3U4" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;485&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--MunicipalBondsMember_zKh7YSIDFD0c" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;3,368&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;TOTAL&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20230731_zK1e99ds3Ct1" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;645&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition_iI_pn3n3_c20230731_z7ivBYu2xgh4" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;41,635&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_8AB_zKYCpPj0LLme" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_894_ecustom--ScheduleOfUnrealizedLossOnInvestmentTableTextBlock_znTx3yJR0uB2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
following available-for-sale debt securities included in the table above were in a continuous unrealized loss position for 12 months
or longer:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8B6_zet8MOZhiEHk" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Continuous Unrealized Loss Position for 12 Months or Longer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;Unrealized &lt;br/&gt; Losses&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;Fair &lt;br/&gt;Value&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;July 31, 2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; width: 60%; text-align: left"&gt;U.S. Treasury bills and notes&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_z0eYqkBecVmb" style="width: 16%; text-align: right"&gt;60&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLonger_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_zt1wUtMYlLBj" style="width: 16%; text-align: right"&gt;4,827&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Corporate bonds&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_zquebfVqn2L4" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;307&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLonger_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_zd3CAwTqNZ93" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;3,209&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;TOTAL&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20240731_zhsTJCADfPXd" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;367&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLonger_iI_pn3n3_c20240731_z8PNH6KgmYd2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;8,036&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;July 31, 2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;U.S. Treasury bills and notes&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_zccsyzaH4gzg" style="text-align: right"&gt;86&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLonger_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_zI4o3ga4n1p6" style="text-align: right"&gt;816&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Corporate bonds&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_zBbknBVWPrN7" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;484&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLonger_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_zE96QJyBQxh5" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;3,299&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;TOTAL&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20230731_zsTCkOZYazy6" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;570&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLonger_iI_pn3n3_c20230731_zDSYoDvwD965" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;4,115&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_8AD_z4T8gZ1TZhp9" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</us-gaap:InvestmentsInDebtAndMarketableEquitySecuritiesAndCertainTradingAssetsDisclosureTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:MarketableSecuritiesTextBlock contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" id="Fact001710">&lt;p id="xdx_897_eus-gaap--MarketableSecuritiesTextBlock_zmHcpZjx33il" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
following is a summary of available-for-sale debt securities:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8B6_zB9UuvV4DU2k" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;Amortized &lt;br/&gt; Cost&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;Gross &lt;br/&gt; Unrealized &lt;br/&gt; Gains&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;Gross &lt;br/&gt; Unrealized &lt;br/&gt; Losses&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;Fair Value&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;July 31, 2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 20pt; width: 40%; text-align: left"&gt;U.S. Treasury bills and notes&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_zgDQjrxe0uVe" style="width: 11%; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Amortized Cost"&gt;16,641&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_zpu3inm6wBRe" style="width: 11%; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax"&gt;10&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20240731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_zZ6wktkS0s71" style="width: 11%; text-align: right"&gt;(66&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_zL79mAf8jVk2" style="width: 11%; text-align: right"&gt;16,585&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 20pt; text-align: left"&gt;Government sponsored enterprise notes&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USGovernmentSponsoredEnterprisesDebtSecuritiesMember_zGJxZvALFnme" style="text-align: right"&gt;3,356&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USGovernmentSponsoredEnterprisesDebtSecuritiesMember_zk79lCkCiL62" style="text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1719"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20240731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USGovernmentSponsoredEnterprisesDebtSecuritiesMember_z8nLysmMPNQa" style="text-align: right"&gt;(3&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USGovernmentSponsoredEnterprisesDebtSecuritiesMember_zGQKk9i4vYAk" style="text-align: right"&gt;3,353&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 20pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Corporate bonds&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_zM4dKu9UrXbc" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;3,821&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_zAljjrCfRNCa" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;1&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20240731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_zxVray8MHBmi" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(322&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_z9Ah8339mtab" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;3,500&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;TOTAL&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis_iI_pn3n3_c20240731_zlc8wFyM9zCl" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Amortized Cost"&gt;23,818&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax_iI_pn3n3_c20240731_zkDj4FYRnGgg" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;11&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20240731_z2rASf6a4hj6" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;(391&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20240731_z44ZLmdM5Kje" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;23,438&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;July 31, 2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 20pt"&gt;Certificates of deposit&lt;span id="xdx_F4E_zBMPMQYXYAJa"&gt;*&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CertificatesOfDepositMember_fKg_____zb42th3Uz8P1" style="text-align: right"&gt;4,080&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CertificatesOfDepositMember_fKg_____z5VtsnscrLm" style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1732"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CertificatesOfDepositMember_fKg_____zLJz4JLCoXD3" style="text-align: right"&gt;(4&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CertificatesOfDepositMember_fKg_____z0vv37DNwjO4" style="text-align: right"&gt;4,076&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 20pt; text-align: left"&gt;U.S. Treasury bills and notes&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_zNEdohP38pz6" style="text-align: right"&gt;31,186&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_zn5I1DBAkR6g" style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1736"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_zOeilLP9Enc4" style="text-align: right"&gt;(148&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_zBVeKEoGrW17" style="text-align: right"&gt;31,038&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 20pt; text-align: left"&gt;Corporate bonds&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_zP0zA5FDmODh" style="text-align: right"&gt;3,881&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_z0QSz85sY4pg" style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1740"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_zYbiLOv9F01k" style="text-align: right"&gt;(8&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_ziVBdEXJEOHi" style="text-align: right"&gt;3,873&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 20pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Municipal bonds&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--MunicipalBondsMember_zPZq0xz2QcMa" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;3,912&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--MunicipalBondsMember_zVBl8JSqzcH8" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1744"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--MunicipalBondsMember_zR9fBJ9cdlx8" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(485&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--MunicipalBondsMember_z3Eq2XmRskg" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;3,427&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;TOTAL&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis_iI_pn3n3_c20230731_zskv6muJMWce" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;43,059&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax_iI_pn3n3_c20230731_zU5CIvy023g9" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1748"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230731_zTo4o8dIysVk" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;(645&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20230731_zIXmGdmaH7vb" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;42,414&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"&gt;&lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"&gt;
&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.2in"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_F03_zZfmGC9lTl08" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;*&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_F1C_zya9ZmGPUxwk" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Each
                                            of the certificates of deposit held by the Company has a CUSIP, was purchased in the secondary
                                            market through a broker and may be sold in the secondary market.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;

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      decimals="-5"
      id="Fact001757"
      unitRef="USD">21200000</us-gaap:ProceedsFromSaleAndMaturityOfAvailableForSaleSecurities>
    <us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleTableTextBlock contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" id="Fact001759">&lt;p id="xdx_89E_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleTableTextBlock_zBJUj6ce2VLj" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
contractual maturities of the Company&#x2019;s available-for-sale debt securities at July 31, 2024 were as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8BD_zSUJC6Skb91l" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Contractual Maturities of Available-for-sale Debt Securities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49C_20240731_zQX4dyqW2Bj" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;Fair Value&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesWithinOneYearFairValue_iI_pn3n3_maAFSSDz3sI_zsfgrHnSmgE9" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 78%; text-align: left"&gt;Within one year&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 18%; text-align: right"&gt;16,808&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_409_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesAfterOneThroughFiveYearsFairValue_iI_pn3n3_maAFSSDz3sI_zDW1RSZbBBwl" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;After one year through five years&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;5,456&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesAfterFiveThroughTenYearsFairValue_iI_pn3n3_maAFSSDz3sI_z8oMBKcPrpmh" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;After five years through ten years&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;1,137&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_405_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesAfterTenYearsFairValue_iI_pn3n3_maAFSSDz3sI_zLyz0dQVIHI2" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;After ten years&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;37&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iTI_pn3n3_mtAFSSDz3sI_zuyf7S90yw9a" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;TOTAL&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;23,438&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

</us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleTableTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesWithinOneYearFairValue
      contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001761"
      unitRef="USD">16808000</us-gaap:AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesWithinOneYearFairValue>
    <us-gaap:AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesAfterOneThroughFiveYearsFairValue
      contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001763"
      unitRef="USD">5456000</us-gaap:AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesAfterOneThroughFiveYearsFairValue>
    <us-gaap:AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesAfterFiveThroughTenYearsFairValue
      contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001765"
      unitRef="USD">1137000</us-gaap:AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesAfterFiveThroughTenYearsFairValue>
    <us-gaap:AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesAfterTenYearsFairValue
      contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001767"
      unitRef="USD">37000</us-gaap:AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesAfterTenYearsFairValue>
    <us-gaap:AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities
      contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001769"
      unitRef="USD">23438000</us-gaap:AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities>
    <us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionFairValueTableTextBlock contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" id="Fact001771">&lt;p id="xdx_89C_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionFairValueTableTextBlock_zquLXm1YDtK3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
following table includes the fair value of the Company&#x2019;s available-for-sale debt securities that were in an unrealized loss position:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;span id="xdx_8B1_zpSMXjUIhUwf" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule
of Available-for-sale Securities, Unrealized Loss Position&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;Unrealized &lt;br/&gt; Losses&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;Fair &lt;br/&gt;Value&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;July 31, 2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; width: 60%; text-align: left"&gt;U.S. Treasury bills and notes&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_z13EDtoMAW7d" style="width: 16%; text-align: right"&gt;66&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_z6VWKuFhER3l" style="width: 16%; text-align: right"&gt;12,936&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;Government sponsored enterprise notes&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__custom--GovernmentSponsoredEnterpriseNotesMember_zhftDgCheP65" style="text-align: right"&gt;3&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__custom--GovernmentSponsoredEnterpriseNotesMember_zspAvjiAFj52" style="text-align: right"&gt;2,634&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Corporate bonds&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_zFsBYS1RLLzj" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;322&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_znPB2BbDEdS9" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;3,310&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;TOTAL&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20240731_zpwMKLP27GPd" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;391&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition_iI_pn3n3_c20240731_zxPA5lzRzEli" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;18,880&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;July 31, 2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt"&gt;Certificates of deposit&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CertificatesOfDepositMember_zOpseH94y2dg" style="text-align: right"&gt;4&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CertificatesOfDepositMember_ziC5gk73L9Y5" style="text-align: right"&gt;3,356&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;U.S. Treasury bills and notes&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_zW0J2HIohhv2" style="text-align: right"&gt;148&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_zARWHS9ErEzi" style="text-align: right"&gt;31,038&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;Corporate bonds&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_zWqPtKBnFsJh" style="text-align: right"&gt;8&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_zkrbFFQNasm4" style="text-align: right"&gt;3,873&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Municipal bonds&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--MunicipalBondsMember_zpxCYRSwd3U4" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;485&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--MunicipalBondsMember_zKh7YSIDFD0c" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;3,368&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;TOTAL&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20230731_zK1e99ds3Ct1" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;645&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition_iI_pn3n3_c20230731_z7ivBYu2xgh4" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;41,635&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

</us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionFairValueTableTextBlock>
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      contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31_custom_GovernmentSponsoredEnterpriseNotesMember"
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      contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31_custom_GovernmentSponsoredEnterpriseNotesMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001775"
      unitRef="USD">2634000</us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition>
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      contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31_us-gaap_CorporateBondSecuritiesMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001776"
      unitRef="USD">322000</us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss>
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      contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31_us-gaap_CorporateBondSecuritiesMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001777"
      unitRef="USD">3310000</us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition>
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      contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001778"
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      contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001779"
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      contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31_us-gaap_CertificatesOfDepositMember"
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      id="Fact001780"
      unitRef="USD">4000</us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss>
    <us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition
      contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31_us-gaap_CertificatesOfDepositMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001781"
      unitRef="USD">3356000</us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition>
    <us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss
      contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31_us-gaap_USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001782"
      unitRef="USD">148000</us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss>
    <us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition
      contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31_us-gaap_USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001783"
      unitRef="USD">31038000</us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition>
    <us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss
      contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31_us-gaap_CorporateBondSecuritiesMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001784"
      unitRef="USD">8000</us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss>
    <us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition
      contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31_us-gaap_CorporateBondSecuritiesMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001785"
      unitRef="USD">3873000</us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition>
    <us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss
      contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31_us-gaap_MunicipalBondsMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001786"
      unitRef="USD">485000</us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss>
    <us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition
      contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31_us-gaap_MunicipalBondsMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001787"
      unitRef="USD">3368000</us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition>
    <us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss
      contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001788"
      unitRef="USD">645000</us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss>
    <us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition
      contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001789"
      unitRef="USD">41635000</us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition>
    <IDT:ScheduleOfUnrealizedLossOnInvestmentTableTextBlock contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" id="Fact001791">&lt;p id="xdx_894_ecustom--ScheduleOfUnrealizedLossOnInvestmentTableTextBlock_znTx3yJR0uB2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
following available-for-sale debt securities included in the table above were in a continuous unrealized loss position for 12 months
or longer:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8B6_zet8MOZhiEHk" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Continuous Unrealized Loss Position for 12 Months or Longer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;Unrealized &lt;br/&gt; Losses&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;Fair &lt;br/&gt;Value&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;July 31, 2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; width: 60%; text-align: left"&gt;U.S. Treasury bills and notes&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_z0eYqkBecVmb" style="width: 16%; text-align: right"&gt;60&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLonger_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_zt1wUtMYlLBj" style="width: 16%; text-align: right"&gt;4,827&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Corporate bonds&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_zquebfVqn2L4" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;307&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLonger_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_zd3CAwTqNZ93" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;3,209&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;TOTAL&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20240731_zhsTJCADfPXd" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;367&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLonger_iI_pn3n3_c20240731_z8PNH6KgmYd2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;8,036&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;July 31, 2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;U.S. Treasury bills and notes&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_zccsyzaH4gzg" style="text-align: right"&gt;86&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLonger_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_zI4o3ga4n1p6" style="text-align: right"&gt;816&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Corporate bonds&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_zBbknBVWPrN7" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;484&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLonger_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_zE96QJyBQxh5" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;3,299&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;TOTAL&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20230731_zsTCkOZYazy6" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;570&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLonger_iI_pn3n3_c20230731_zDSYoDvwD965" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;4,115&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

</IDT:ScheduleOfUnrealizedLossOnInvestmentTableTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerAccumulatedLoss
      contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31_us-gaap_USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001792"
      unitRef="USD">60000</us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerAccumulatedLoss>
    <us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLonger
      contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31_us-gaap_USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001793"
      unitRef="USD">4827000</us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLonger>
    <us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerAccumulatedLoss
      contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31_us-gaap_CorporateBondSecuritiesMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001794"
      unitRef="USD">307000</us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerAccumulatedLoss>
    <us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLonger
      contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31_us-gaap_CorporateBondSecuritiesMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001795"
      unitRef="USD">3209000</us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLonger>
    <us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerAccumulatedLoss
      contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001796"
      unitRef="USD">367000</us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerAccumulatedLoss>
    <us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLonger
      contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001797"
      unitRef="USD">8036000</us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLonger>
    <us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerAccumulatedLoss
      contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31_us-gaap_USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001798"
      unitRef="USD">86000</us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerAccumulatedLoss>
    <us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLonger
      contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31_us-gaap_USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001799"
      unitRef="USD">816000</us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLonger>
    <us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerAccumulatedLoss
      contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31_us-gaap_CorporateBondSecuritiesMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001800"
      unitRef="USD">484000</us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerAccumulatedLoss>
    <us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLonger
      contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31_us-gaap_CorporateBondSecuritiesMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001801"
      unitRef="USD">3299000</us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLonger>
    <us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerAccumulatedLoss
      contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001802"
      unitRef="USD">570000</us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerAccumulatedLoss>
    <us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLonger
      contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001803"
      unitRef="USD">4115000</us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLonger>
    <us-gaap:InvestmentsInDebtAndEquityInstrumentsCashAndCashEquivalentsUnrealizedAndRealizedGainsLossesTextBlock contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" id="Fact001805">&lt;p id="xdx_805_eus-gaap--InvestmentsInDebtAndEquityInstrumentsCashAndCashEquivalentsUnrealizedAndRealizedGainsLossesTextBlock_z4EzJplJ1414" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Note
8&#x2014;&lt;span id="xdx_821_z41Y2R6uOx1c"&gt;Equity Investments&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_89D_ecustom--ScheduleOfEquityInvestmentsTableTextBlock_zUfeCYXXOYwd" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Equity
investments consist of the following:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;span id="xdx_8BC_zFCvrXhoBU7l" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Equity Investments&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"&gt;July 31&lt;br/&gt; (in thousands)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49C_20240731_zBXIJPWcHjDe" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_495_20230731_z212xH8du9B1" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNi_iI_pn3n3_hus-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--ZedgeIncMember_zG2CDxSBBPJ3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 60%; text-align: left"&gt;Zedge, Inc. Class B common stock, &lt;span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNjaGVkdWxlIG9mIEVxdWl0eSBJbnZlc3RtZW50cyAoRGV0YWlscykgKFBhcmVudGhldGljYWwpAA__" id="xdx_90E_ecustom--NumberOfRelatedPartySharesReceived_pid_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--ZedgeIncMember_z5c2YgNJTfJ3" title="Number of related party shares received"&gt;&lt;span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNjaGVkdWxlIG9mIEVxdWl0eSBJbnZlc3RtZW50cyAoRGV0YWlscykgKFBhcmVudGhldGljYWwpAA__" id="xdx_908_ecustom--NumberOfRelatedPartySharesReceived_pid_c20220801__20230731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--ZedgeIncMember_zo9WmcPxTKle" title="Number of related party shares received"&gt;42,282&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; shares at July 31, 2024 and 2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 16%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;153&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 16%; text-align: right"&gt;89&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_409_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNi_iI_pn3n3_hus-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--RafaelHoldingsIncMember_z49qsVqnJmff" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Rafael Holdings, Inc. Class B common stock, &lt;span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNjaGVkdWxlIG9mIEVxdWl0eSBJbnZlc3RtZW50cyAoRGV0YWlscykgKFBhcmVudGhldGljYWwpAA__" id="xdx_90C_ecustom--NumberOfRelatedPartySharesReceived_pid_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--RafaelHoldingsIncMember_zH73DDR9ailj" title="Number of related party shares received"&gt;&lt;span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNjaGVkdWxlIG9mIEVxdWl0eSBJbnZlc3RtZW50cyAoRGV0YWlscykgKFBhcmVudGhldGljYWwpAA__" id="xdx_907_ecustom--NumberOfRelatedPartySharesReceived_pid_c20220801__20230731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--RafaelHoldingsIncMember_z1ZcWiCq6Ezj" title="Number of related party shares received"&gt;278,810&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; shares at July 31, 2024 and 2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;416&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;558&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNi_iI_pn3n3_hus-gaap--InvestmentTypeAxis__custom--OtherMarketableEquitySecuritiesMember_z7C9Mh0sd8pl" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Other marketable equity securities&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;70&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;1,497&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNi_iI_pn3n3_hus-gaap--InvestmentTypeAxis__us-gaap--MutualFundMember_zVmBd8UXKAW" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Fixed income mutual funds&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;4,370&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;4,054&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_406_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNi_iI_pn3n3_zZG00EuNPxsj" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Current equity investments&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;5,009&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;6,198&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--LongTermInvestments_iI_pn3n3_hus-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--SeriesCConvertiblePreferredStockMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--VisaIncMember_z6ZG3SeaC2xb" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Visa Inc. Series C Convertible Participating Preferred Stock (&#x201c;Visa Series C Preferred&#x201d;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;695&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;1,263&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_404_eus-gaap--LongTermInvestments_iI_pn3n3_hus-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--SeriesAConvertiblePreferredStockMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--VisaIncMember_zbzEthp8MQVg" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Visa Inc. Series A Convertible Participating Preferred Stock (&#x201c;Visa Series A Preferred&#x201d;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;877&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1836"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40B_eus-gaap--LongTermInvestments_iI_pn3n3_hus-gaap--InvestmentTypeAxis__us-gaap--ConvertiblePreferredStockMember_zBrpM9fmRkLc" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Convertible preferred stock&#x2014;equity method investment&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;1,338&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;2,784&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_404_eus-gaap--LongTermInvestments_iI_pn3n3_hus-gaap--InvestmentTypeAxis__us-gaap--HedgeFundsMember_zuROMk1jvQjl" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Hedge funds&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;2,883&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;3,002&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--LongTermInvestments_iI_pn3n3_hus-gaap--InvestmentTypeAxis__us-gaap--OtherInvestmentsMember_z2uKrmv0Cre8" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Other&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;725&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2,825&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--LongTermInvestments_iI_pn3n3_zs6kuCNMDixa" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Noncurrent equity investments&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;6,518&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;9,874&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_8A3_zbhR0H0JFN9k" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Howard
S. Jonas is the Vice-Chairman of the Board of Directors of Zedge.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;In
June 2016, upon the acquisition of Visa Europe Limited by Visa, Inc. (&#x201c;Visa&#x201d;), IDT Financial Services received &lt;span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--InvestmentOwnedBalanceShares_iI_pid_c20160630_zo6zkDA6lwi" title="Owned shares"&gt;1,830&lt;/span&gt; shares
of Visa Series C Preferred among other consideration. In July 2024 and July 2022, in connection with Visa&#x2019;s mandatory release assessments,
the Company received &lt;span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--InvestmentOwnedBalanceShares_iI_pid_c20240731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--VisaSeriesAConvertibleParticipatingPreferredStockMember_zQ8GAI8w7Ff4" title="Owned shares"&gt;33&lt;/span&gt; shares and &lt;span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--InvestmentOwnedBalanceShares_iI_pid_c20220731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--VisaSeriesAConvertibleParticipatingPreferredStockMember_zhdkWiyO5tuh" title="Owned shares"&gt;58&lt;/span&gt; shares, respectively, of Visa&#x2019;s Series A Preferred. In August 2024, the &lt;span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--InvestmentOwnedBalanceShares_iI_pid_c20240831__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--VisaSeriesAConvertibleParticipatingPreferredStockMember_zeJ10VVgNnda" title="Owned shares"&gt;33&lt;/span&gt; shares of Visa
Series A Preferred were converted into &lt;span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--InvestmentOwnedBalanceShares_iI_pid_c20240831__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--VisaSeriesAConvertibleParticipatingPreferredStockMember__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__custom--VisaClassACommonStockMember_zsuRrerSzTWl" title="Owned shares"&gt;3,300&lt;/span&gt; shares of Visa Class A common stock, which the Company sold for $&lt;span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--ProceedsFromSaleAndMaturityOfMarketableSecurities_pn5n6_c20240801__20240831__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--VisaSeriesAConvertibleParticipatingPreferredStockMember__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__custom--VisaClassACommonStockMember_zeJ4L2N7OEK8" title="Proceeds from sale of common stock"&gt;0.9&lt;/span&gt; million. In August
2022, the &lt;span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--InvestmentOwnedBalanceShares_iI_pid_c20220831__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--VisaSeriesAConvertibleParticipatingPreferredStockMember_z243g95B37Ni" title="Owned shares"&gt;58&lt;/span&gt; shares of Visa Series A Preferred were converted into &lt;span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--InvestmentOwnedBalanceShares_iI_pid_c20220831__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--VisaSeriesAConvertibleParticipatingPreferredStockMember__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__custom--VisaClassACommonStockMember_zcaLGen07fE" title="Owned shares"&gt;5,800&lt;/span&gt; shares of Visa Class A common stock, which the Company sold
for $&lt;span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--ProceedsFromSaleAndMaturityOfMarketableSecurities_pn5n6_c20220801__20220831__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--VisaSeriesAConvertibleParticipatingPreferredStockMember__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__custom--VisaClassACommonStockMember_zewRlEc5yJwc" title="Proceeds from maturities and sales of debt securities and redemption of equity investments"&gt;1.3&lt;/span&gt; million.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_897_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueTableTextBlock_zRoI16yFUAM4" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
changes in the carrying value of the Company&#x2019;s equity investments without readily determinable fair values for which the Company
elected the measurement alternative was as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;span id="xdx_8BE_z9HZigTzDsw1" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Carrying Value of Equity Investments&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: auto; border-collapse: collapse; width: 80%; margin-right: auto"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"&gt;Year ended July 31 &lt;br/&gt; (in thousands)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_495_20230801__20240731_zH6XTP39NJEg" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_494_20220801__20230731_z9f9Ol8venk5" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49F_20210801__20220731_z2UU0m4URjLi" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2022&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueAmount_iS_pn3n3_zB1T1UhTaqk4" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 52%; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Balance, beginning of period&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 12%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;1,632&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;1,501&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;2,743&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueUpwardPriceAdjustmentAnnualAmount_pn3n3_z7UZlLbKy8Bi" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Upward adjustment&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;130&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1875"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1876"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40B_ecustom--RedemptionForVisaMandatoryReleaseAssessment_pn3n3_zqGVj0NRELoj" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Redemption for Visa Series C Preferred mandatory release assessment&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;(877&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1879"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(1,230&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40E_ecustom--EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValuePurchaseAmount_pn3n3_zhPXKxKn4Tui" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;Purchase&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1882"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1883"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;100&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40F_ecustom--AdjustmentForObservableTransactionsInvolvingSimilarInvestmentFromSameIssuer_pn3n3_ztKQIpZhMq5c" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Adjustment for observable transactions involving a similar investment from the same issuer&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;309&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;131&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(103&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40B_ecustom--EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueRedemptionsAmount_pn3n3_zazz54OvXfKa" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;Redemptions&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;(230&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1891"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(9&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_404_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueImpairmentLossAnnualAmount_pn3n3_zsHPbEfk2tH8" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Impairments&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1894"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1895"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1896"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueAmount_iE_pn3n3_zksDcgCq2Uve" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;BALANCE, END OF PERIOD&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;964&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;1,632&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;1,501&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_8AF_zc0XKy7qWX9h" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company adjusted the carrying value of the shares of Visa Series C Preferred it held based on the fair value of Visa Class A common stock,
including a discount for lack of current marketability, which is classified as &#x201c;Adjustment for observable transactions involving
a similar investment from the same issuer&#x201d; in the table above. The Certificate of Designation with respect to the shares of Visa
Series C Preferred restricts the transferability of the shares, there is no public market for the shares, and none is expected to develop.
The shares become fully convertible into shares of Visa Class A common stock in June 2028. In addition, in connection with the acquisition
of Regal Bancorp by SR Bancorp, the Company received cash of $&lt;span id="xdx_904_ecustom--EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueRedemptionsAmount_pn5n6_c20230801__20240731__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--RegalBancorpMember_zHhBsJtIqWp9" title="Cash"&gt;0.2&lt;/span&gt; million in fiscal 2024 in exchange for its shares of Regal Bancorp
common stock.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_89A_eus-gaap--UnrealizedGainLossOnInvestmentsTableTextBlock_z6krfY4DQ3l3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Unrealized
gains and losses for all equity investments measured at fair value included the following:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&#160;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="display: none; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8B4_zQgXLSWUFcgg"&gt;Schedule
of Unrealized Gains (losses) Gains for All Equity Investments&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"&gt;Year ended July 31 &lt;br/&gt; (in thousands)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49F_20230801__20240731_zUfo2LpROEI9" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_497_20220801__20230731_zb27G8l0Y9wh" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_493_20210801__20220731_zP3Z1Q7zZ22" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2022&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNiGainLoss_pn3n3_zCxfk27vxgc1" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 52%; text-align: left"&gt;Net gains (losses) recognized during the period on equity investments&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 12%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;229&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;(2,613&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;(19,248&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40E_ecustom--EquitySecuritiesFvNiRecognizedGainLossNetOnEquitySecuritiesRedeemed_pn3n3_zuAjGkrfmeJ9" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Less: net gains recognized during the period on equity investments sold during the period&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;130&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;18&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;10&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40C_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNiUnrealizedGainLoss_pn3n3_z12NnXJXliuf" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Unrealized gains (losses) recognized during the period on equity investments still held at the reporting date&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;99&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(2,631&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(19,258&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
unrealized losses and gains for all equity investments measured at fair value in the table above included the following:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"&gt;Year ended July 31 &lt;br/&gt; (in thousands)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_492_20230801__20240731_zyQ6kyAggaMi" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49A_20220801__20230731_zTx1b0TYFwEe" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_492_20210801__20220731_zzjtMSQTlHif" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2022&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Unrealized (losses) gains recognized during the period on equity investments:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNiUnrealizedGainLoss_pn3n3_hus-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__custom--RafaelClassBCommonStockMember_zeFpT98o9AVa" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 52%; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Rafael Class B common stock&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 12%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;(142&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;(7&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;(14,101&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40C_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNiUnrealizedGainLoss_pn3n3_hus-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__custom--ZedgeClassBCommonStockMember_zFSZysVzELBe" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Zedge Class B common stock&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;64&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(28&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(533&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNiUnrealizedGainLoss_pn3n3_zs9RroPGjGvj" style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Unrealized gains (losses) recognized during the period on equity investments still held at the reporting date&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;99&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(2,631&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(19,258&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_8A4_zCfnKk9Amilh" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Equity
Method Investment&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company has an investment in shares of convertible preferred stock of a communications company (the equity method investee, or &#x201c;EMI&#x201d;).
As of July 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company&#x2019;s ownership was &lt;span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage_iI_dp_uPure_c20240731__srt--ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis__custom--EquityMethodInvestmentMember_zR5YyDCs3T9j" title="Ownership percentage"&gt;33.4&lt;/span&gt;% and &lt;span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage_iI_dp_uPure_c20230731__srt--ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis__custom--EquityMethodInvestmentMember_zFjVWmmAj9e8" title="Ownership percentage"&gt;33.3&lt;/span&gt;%, respectively, of the EMI&#x2019;s outstanding shares
on an as converted basis. The Company accounts for this investment using the equity method since the Company can exercise significant
influence over the operating and financial policies of the EMI but does not have a controlling interest.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company determined that on the dates of the acquisitions of the EMI&#x2019;s shares, there were differences between its investment in
the EMI and its proportional interest in the equity of the EMI of an aggregate of $&lt;span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestmentDifferenceBetweenCarryingAmountAndUnderlyingEquity_iI_pn5n6_c20240731_zOwiiMDp5BId" title="Equity method investment, aggregate cost"&gt;8.2&lt;/span&gt; million, which represented the share of the EMI&#x2019;s
customer list on the dates of the acquisitions attributed to the Company&#x2019;s interest in the EMI. &lt;span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestmentDifferenceBetweenCarryingAmountAndUnderlyingEquityAccountingTreatment_c20230801__20240731_zy7XzLphwBLe" title="Equity method investment, description"&gt;These basis differences are being
amortized over the 6-year estimated life of the customer list&lt;/span&gt;. In the accompanying consolidated statements of income, amortization of
equity method basis difference is included in the equity in the net loss of investee, which is recorded in &#x201c;Other expense, net&#x201d;
(see Note 18).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;As
of April 6, 2023, the Company was the holder of secured promissory notes made by the EMI in exchange for loans of an aggregate of $&lt;span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--ReceivableWithImputedInterestFaceAmount_iI_pn5n6_c20230406_z1lgKbTo3SNd" title="Secured promissory notes"&gt;4.0&lt;/span&gt;
million including accrued interest. The notes provided for interest on the principal amount at &lt;span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--ReceivableWithImputedInterestEffectiveYieldInterestRate_pid_dp_uPure_c20230406__20230406__srt--ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis__custom--EMIPreferredStockMember_ztQ83S6hN2Tl" title="Effective yield interest rate"&gt;15&lt;/span&gt;% per annum payable monthly. The notes
were due and payable in &lt;span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--ReceivableWithImputedInterestDueDates_ddpxL_c20230201__20230228__srt--ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis__custom--EMIPreferredStockMember_zl9MaxGkiZV9" title="Imputed interest due date::XDX::2023-02-28"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1942"&gt;February 2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; and &lt;span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--ReceivableWithImputedInterestDueDates_ddpxL_c20230401__20230430__srt--ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis__custom--EMIPreferredStockMember_zwO93WKvL452" title="Imputed interest due date::XDX::2023-04-30"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1944"&gt;April 2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;. On April 6, 2023, in accordance with an Agreement and Plan of Merger dated as of
April 5, 2023, the EMI merged with and into its subsidiary, with the subsidiary being the surviving corporation. Effective with the merger,
the principal and accrued interest of the EMI&#x2019;s secured promissory notes was converted into shares of the EMI&#x2019;s convertible
preferred stock.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_898_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestmentsTextBlock_zdqqBmOPs6xh" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
following table summarizes the change in the balance of the Company&#x2019;s equity method investment:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&#160;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="display: none; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8B3_zcZaCy2eT7Ea"&gt;Summary of Changes in Equity Method Investments&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"&gt;Year ended July 31 &lt;br/&gt; (in thousands)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49B_20230801__20240731__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__us-gaap--EquityMethodInvesteeMember_zS9HvoclaE4k" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_494_20220801__20230731__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__us-gaap--EquityMethodInvesteeMember_zXKJyCdfTWBh" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_490_20210801__20220731__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__us-gaap--EquityMethodInvesteeMember_zAh28FoRMwz3" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2022&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestments_iS_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 52%; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Balance, beginning of period&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 12%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;2,784&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;1,001&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;2,901&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_405_eus-gaap--PaymentsToAcquireEquityMethodInvestments_pn3n3_z8Rs0NxsRz" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Purchase of convertible preferred stock&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;2,017&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;840&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;1,051&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_405_ecustom--ConversionOfEquityMethodInvestmentsSecuredPromissoryNotesIntoConvertiblePreferredStock_pn3n3_zMbcELotCSi9" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Conversion of secured promissory notes into convertible preferred stock&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1956"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;4,038&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1958"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--IncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments_pn3n3_hus-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__us-gaap--EquityMethodInvesteeMember_ze4qg3CMtRWj" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Equity in the net loss of investee&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;(2,093&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(2,153&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(2,224&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_409_ecustom--AmortizationOfEquityMethodBasisDifference_pn3n3_hus-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__us-gaap--EquityMethodInvesteeMember_zoCt3MySnhSb" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Amortization of equity method basis difference&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;(1,370&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(942&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(727&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestments_iE_pn3n3_hus-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__us-gaap--EquityMethodInvesteeMember_z4oLkc2OaMkk" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;BALANCE, END OF PERIOD&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;1,338&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2,784&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;1,001&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_8A9_zO8WsEPnCmhl" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;As
of August 22, 2024, the EMI&#x2019;s shareholders including the Company agreed to purchase additional shares of the EMI&#x2019;s
convertible preferred stock. The Company subscribed to purchase additional shares through January 2025 for an aggregate of $&lt;span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--PaymentsToAcquireEquityMethodInvestments_pn5n6_c20240821__20240822__srt--ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis__custom--EquityMethodInvestmentMember__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--PreferredStockMember_zFF4WHsrqTng" title="Purchase of convertible preferred stock"&gt;0.9&lt;/span&gt;
million. In August 2024, the Company paid $&lt;span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--PaymentsToAcquireEquityMethodInvestments_pn5n6_c20240801__20240831__srt--ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis__custom--EquityMethodInvestmentMember__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--PreferredStockMember_z818Y5GBUz09" title="Purchase of convertible preferred stock"&gt;0.4&lt;/span&gt; million to
purchase additional shares.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;

</us-gaap:InvestmentsInDebtAndEquityInstrumentsCashAndCashEquivalentsUnrealizedAndRealizedGainsLossesTextBlock>
    <IDT:ScheduleOfEquityInvestmentsTableTextBlock contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" id="Fact001807">&lt;p id="xdx_89D_ecustom--ScheduleOfEquityInvestmentsTableTextBlock_zUfeCYXXOYwd" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Equity
investments consist of the following:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;span id="xdx_8BC_zFCvrXhoBU7l" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Equity Investments&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"&gt;July 31&lt;br/&gt; (in thousands)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49C_20240731_zBXIJPWcHjDe" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_495_20230731_z212xH8du9B1" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNi_iI_pn3n3_hus-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--ZedgeIncMember_zG2CDxSBBPJ3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 60%; text-align: left"&gt;Zedge, Inc. Class B common stock, &lt;span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNjaGVkdWxlIG9mIEVxdWl0eSBJbnZlc3RtZW50cyAoRGV0YWlscykgKFBhcmVudGhldGljYWwpAA__" id="xdx_90E_ecustom--NumberOfRelatedPartySharesReceived_pid_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--ZedgeIncMember_z5c2YgNJTfJ3" title="Number of related party shares received"&gt;&lt;span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNjaGVkdWxlIG9mIEVxdWl0eSBJbnZlc3RtZW50cyAoRGV0YWlscykgKFBhcmVudGhldGljYWwpAA__" id="xdx_908_ecustom--NumberOfRelatedPartySharesReceived_pid_c20220801__20230731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--ZedgeIncMember_zo9WmcPxTKle" title="Number of related party shares received"&gt;42,282&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; shares at July 31, 2024 and 2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 16%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;153&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 16%; text-align: right"&gt;89&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_409_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNi_iI_pn3n3_hus-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--RafaelHoldingsIncMember_z49qsVqnJmff" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Rafael Holdings, Inc. Class B common stock, &lt;span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNjaGVkdWxlIG9mIEVxdWl0eSBJbnZlc3RtZW50cyAoRGV0YWlscykgKFBhcmVudGhldGljYWwpAA__" id="xdx_90C_ecustom--NumberOfRelatedPartySharesReceived_pid_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--RafaelHoldingsIncMember_zH73DDR9ailj" title="Number of related party shares received"&gt;&lt;span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNjaGVkdWxlIG9mIEVxdWl0eSBJbnZlc3RtZW50cyAoRGV0YWlscykgKFBhcmVudGhldGljYWwpAA__" id="xdx_907_ecustom--NumberOfRelatedPartySharesReceived_pid_c20220801__20230731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--RafaelHoldingsIncMember_z1ZcWiCq6Ezj" title="Number of related party shares received"&gt;278,810&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; shares at July 31, 2024 and 2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;416&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;558&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNi_iI_pn3n3_hus-gaap--InvestmentTypeAxis__custom--OtherMarketableEquitySecuritiesMember_z7C9Mh0sd8pl" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Other marketable equity securities&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;70&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;1,497&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNi_iI_pn3n3_hus-gaap--InvestmentTypeAxis__us-gaap--MutualFundMember_zVmBd8UXKAW" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Fixed income mutual funds&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;4,370&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;4,054&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_406_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNi_iI_pn3n3_zZG00EuNPxsj" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Current equity investments&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;5,009&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;6,198&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--LongTermInvestments_iI_pn3n3_hus-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--SeriesCConvertiblePreferredStockMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--VisaIncMember_z6ZG3SeaC2xb" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Visa Inc. Series C Convertible Participating Preferred Stock (&#x201c;Visa Series C Preferred&#x201d;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;695&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;1,263&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_404_eus-gaap--LongTermInvestments_iI_pn3n3_hus-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--SeriesAConvertiblePreferredStockMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--VisaIncMember_zbzEthp8MQVg" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Visa Inc. Series A Convertible Participating Preferred Stock (&#x201c;Visa Series A Preferred&#x201d;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;877&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1836"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40B_eus-gaap--LongTermInvestments_iI_pn3n3_hus-gaap--InvestmentTypeAxis__us-gaap--ConvertiblePreferredStockMember_zBrpM9fmRkLc" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Convertible preferred stock&#x2014;equity method investment&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;1,338&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;2,784&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_404_eus-gaap--LongTermInvestments_iI_pn3n3_hus-gaap--InvestmentTypeAxis__us-gaap--HedgeFundsMember_zuROMk1jvQjl" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Hedge funds&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;2,883&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;3,002&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--LongTermInvestments_iI_pn3n3_hus-gaap--InvestmentTypeAxis__us-gaap--OtherInvestmentsMember_z2uKrmv0Cre8" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Other&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;725&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2,825&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--LongTermInvestments_iI_pn3n3_zs6kuCNMDixa" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Noncurrent equity investments&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;6,518&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;9,874&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

</IDT:ScheduleOfEquityInvestmentsTableTextBlock>
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    <us-gaap:EquitySecuritiesFvNi
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    <us-gaap:EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueTableTextBlock contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" id="Fact001868">&lt;p id="xdx_897_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueTableTextBlock_zRoI16yFUAM4" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
changes in the carrying value of the Company&#x2019;s equity investments without readily determinable fair values for which the Company
elected the measurement alternative was as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;span id="xdx_8BE_z9HZigTzDsw1" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Carrying Value of Equity Investments&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: auto; border-collapse: collapse; width: 80%; margin-right: auto"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"&gt;Year ended July 31 &lt;br/&gt; (in thousands)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_495_20230801__20240731_zH6XTP39NJEg" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_494_20220801__20230731_z9f9Ol8venk5" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49F_20210801__20220731_z2UU0m4URjLi" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2022&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueAmount_iS_pn3n3_zB1T1UhTaqk4" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 52%; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Balance, beginning of period&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 12%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;1,632&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;1,501&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;2,743&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueUpwardPriceAdjustmentAnnualAmount_pn3n3_z7UZlLbKy8Bi" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Upward adjustment&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;130&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1875"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1876"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40B_ecustom--RedemptionForVisaMandatoryReleaseAssessment_pn3n3_zqGVj0NRELoj" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Redemption for Visa Series C Preferred mandatory release assessment&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;(877&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1879"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(1,230&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40E_ecustom--EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValuePurchaseAmount_pn3n3_zhPXKxKn4Tui" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;Purchase&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1882"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1883"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;100&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40F_ecustom--AdjustmentForObservableTransactionsInvolvingSimilarInvestmentFromSameIssuer_pn3n3_ztKQIpZhMq5c" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Adjustment for observable transactions involving a similar investment from the same issuer&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;309&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;131&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(103&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40B_ecustom--EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueRedemptionsAmount_pn3n3_zazz54OvXfKa" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;Redemptions&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;(230&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1891"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(9&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_404_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueImpairmentLossAnnualAmount_pn3n3_zsHPbEfk2tH8" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Impairments&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1894"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1895"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1896"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueAmount_iE_pn3n3_zksDcgCq2Uve" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;BALANCE, END OF PERIOD&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;964&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;1,632&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;1,501&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

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    <us-gaap:EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueAmount
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    <us-gaap:EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueAmount
      contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
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    <us-gaap:EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueAmount
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    <IDT:RedemptionForVisaMandatoryReleaseAssessment
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31"
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      id="Fact001880"
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      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001884"
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      contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001886"
      unitRef="USD">309000</IDT:AdjustmentForObservableTransactionsInvolvingSimilarInvestmentFromSameIssuer>
    <IDT:AdjustmentForObservableTransactionsInvolvingSimilarInvestmentFromSameIssuer
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31"
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      id="Fact001887"
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      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31"
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      id="Fact001888"
      unitRef="USD">-103000</IDT:AdjustmentForObservableTransactionsInvolvingSimilarInvestmentFromSameIssuer>
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      contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001890"
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    <IDT:EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueRedemptionsAmount
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    <us-gaap:EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueAmount
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    <us-gaap:EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueAmount
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    <us-gaap:EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueAmount
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      id="Fact001902"
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    <us-gaap:UnrealizedGainLossOnInvestmentsTableTextBlock contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" id="Fact001904">&lt;p id="xdx_89A_eus-gaap--UnrealizedGainLossOnInvestmentsTableTextBlock_z6krfY4DQ3l3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Unrealized
gains and losses for all equity investments measured at fair value included the following:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&#160;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="display: none; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8B4_zQgXLSWUFcgg"&gt;Schedule
of Unrealized Gains (losses) Gains for All Equity Investments&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"&gt;Year ended July 31 &lt;br/&gt; (in thousands)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49F_20230801__20240731_zUfo2LpROEI9" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_497_20220801__20230731_zb27G8l0Y9wh" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_493_20210801__20220731_zP3Z1Q7zZ22" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2022&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNiGainLoss_pn3n3_zCxfk27vxgc1" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 52%; text-align: left"&gt;Net gains (losses) recognized during the period on equity investments&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 12%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;229&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;(2,613&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;(19,248&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40E_ecustom--EquitySecuritiesFvNiRecognizedGainLossNetOnEquitySecuritiesRedeemed_pn3n3_zuAjGkrfmeJ9" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Less: net gains recognized during the period on equity investments sold during the period&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;130&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;18&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;10&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40C_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNiUnrealizedGainLoss_pn3n3_z12NnXJXliuf" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Unrealized gains (losses) recognized during the period on equity investments still held at the reporting date&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;99&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(2,631&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(19,258&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
unrealized losses and gains for all equity investments measured at fair value in the table above included the following:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"&gt;Year ended July 31 &lt;br/&gt; (in thousands)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_492_20230801__20240731_zyQ6kyAggaMi" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49A_20220801__20230731_zTx1b0TYFwEe" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_492_20210801__20220731_zzjtMSQTlHif" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2022&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Unrealized (losses) gains recognized during the period on equity investments:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNiUnrealizedGainLoss_pn3n3_hus-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__custom--RafaelClassBCommonStockMember_zeFpT98o9AVa" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 52%; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Rafael Class B common stock&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 12%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;(142&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;(7&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;(14,101&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40C_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNiUnrealizedGainLoss_pn3n3_hus-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__custom--ZedgeClassBCommonStockMember_zFSZysVzELBe" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Zedge Class B common stock&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;64&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(28&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(533&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNiUnrealizedGainLoss_pn3n3_zs9RroPGjGvj" style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Unrealized gains (losses) recognized during the period on equity investments still held at the reporting date&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;99&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(2,631&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(19,258&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

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      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31"
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      id="Fact001910"
      unitRef="USD">130000</IDT:EquitySecuritiesFvNiRecognizedGainLossNetOnEquitySecuritiesRedeemed>
    <IDT:EquitySecuritiesFvNiRecognizedGainLossNetOnEquitySecuritiesRedeemed
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001911"
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    <IDT:EquitySecuritiesFvNiRecognizedGainLossNetOnEquitySecuritiesRedeemed
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    <us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestmentsTextBlock contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" id="Fact001946">&lt;p id="xdx_898_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestmentsTextBlock_zdqqBmOPs6xh" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
following table summarizes the change in the balance of the Company&#x2019;s equity method investment:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&#160;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="display: none; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8B3_zcZaCy2eT7Ea"&gt;Summary of Changes in Equity Method Investments&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"&gt;Year ended July 31 &lt;br/&gt; (in thousands)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49B_20230801__20240731__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__us-gaap--EquityMethodInvesteeMember_zS9HvoclaE4k" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_494_20220801__20230731__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__us-gaap--EquityMethodInvesteeMember_zXKJyCdfTWBh" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_490_20210801__20220731__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__us-gaap--EquityMethodInvesteeMember_zAh28FoRMwz3" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2022&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestments_iS_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 52%; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Balance, beginning of period&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 12%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;2,784&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;1,001&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;2,901&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_405_eus-gaap--PaymentsToAcquireEquityMethodInvestments_pn3n3_z8Rs0NxsRz" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Purchase of convertible preferred stock&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;2,017&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;840&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;1,051&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_405_ecustom--ConversionOfEquityMethodInvestmentsSecuredPromissoryNotesIntoConvertiblePreferredStock_pn3n3_zMbcELotCSi9" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Conversion of secured promissory notes into convertible preferred stock&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1956"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;4,038&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1958"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--IncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments_pn3n3_hus-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__us-gaap--EquityMethodInvesteeMember_ze4qg3CMtRWj" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Equity in the net loss of investee&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;(2,093&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(2,153&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(2,224&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_409_ecustom--AmortizationOfEquityMethodBasisDifference_pn3n3_hus-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__us-gaap--EquityMethodInvesteeMember_zoCt3MySnhSb" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Amortization of equity method basis difference&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;(1,370&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(942&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(727&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestments_iE_pn3n3_hus-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__us-gaap--EquityMethodInvesteeMember_z4oLkc2OaMkk" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;BALANCE, END OF PERIOD&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;1,338&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2,784&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;1,001&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

</us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestmentsTextBlock>
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      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001948"
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    <us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestments
      contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31_us-gaap_EquityMethodInvesteeMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001949"
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    <us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestments
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      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001950"
      unitRef="USD">2901000</us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestments>
    <us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquireEquityMethodInvestments
      contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_us-gaap_EquityMethodInvesteeMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001952"
      unitRef="USD">2017000</us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquireEquityMethodInvestments>
    <us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquireEquityMethodInvestments
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31_us-gaap_EquityMethodInvesteeMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001953"
      unitRef="USD">840000</us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquireEquityMethodInvestments>
    <us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquireEquityMethodInvestments
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31_us-gaap_EquityMethodInvesteeMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001954"
      unitRef="USD">1051000</us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquireEquityMethodInvestments>
    <IDT:ConversionOfEquityMethodInvestmentsSecuredPromissoryNotesIntoConvertiblePreferredStock
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      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact001957"
      unitRef="USD">4038000</IDT:ConversionOfEquityMethodInvestmentsSecuredPromissoryNotesIntoConvertiblePreferredStock>
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    <us-gaap:FairValueDisclosuresTextBlock contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" id="Fact001976">&lt;p id="xdx_803_eus-gaap--FairValueDisclosuresTextBlock_zBdZMK6jtJC" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Note
9&#x2014;&lt;span id="xdx_82B_z5EVXhFR7yD1"&gt;Fair Value Measurements&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_898_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfFairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringBasisTableTextBlock_zdyTlEQ2HJx7" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
following table presents the balance of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&#160;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="display: none; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8B2_zoUMBPhJESOg"&gt;Schedule of Balance of Assets Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;Level 1&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;Level 2&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;Level 3&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;Total&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;July 31, 2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; width: 40%; text-align: left"&gt;Debt securities&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zT3OvfQQONCf" style="width: 11%; text-align: right" title="Debt securities"&gt;16,585&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zHY4FOckk61l" style="width: 11%; text-align: right" title="Debt securities"&gt;6,853&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zhKAkUUin53" style="width: 11%; text-align: right" title="Debt securities"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1984"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zW6Mqjrb0bq9" style="width: 11%; text-align: right" title="Debt securities"&gt;23,438&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;Equity investments included in current assets&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98B_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsCurrentAsset_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zIX5jAtL09Th" style="text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in current assets"&gt;5,009&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_985_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsCurrentAsset_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zCD2cTgdn5d1" style="text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in current assets"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1990"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_984_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsCurrentAsset_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zNnh3RhIDWo7" style="text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in current assets"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1992"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_982_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsCurrentAsset_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zDM71FMDb7aa" style="text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in current assets"&gt;5,009&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Equity investments included in noncurrent assets&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_989_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsNoncurrentAssets_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_z4ssfCAE03s" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in noncurrent assets"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1996"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98B_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsNoncurrentAssets_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zg6fl8EMOWe3" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in noncurrent assets"&gt;1,377&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98B_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsNoncurrentAssets_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_z45xabQhsWfb" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in noncurrent assets"&gt;695&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98F_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsNoncurrentAssets_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zSzBzc4CYJx" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in noncurrent assets"&gt;2,072&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 30pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;TOTAL&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zvfzKptsErlk" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Total"&gt;21,594&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zs7lmfoB0pjg" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Total"&gt;8,230&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zROZjGpMMEC7" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Total"&gt;695&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98A_eus-gaap--InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zdSik2VJBPX4" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Total"&gt;30,519&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;Acquisition consideration included in:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 20pt; text-align: left"&gt;Other current liabilities&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityCurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20240731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zNACJKIpxQOk" style="text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other current liabilities"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2012"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityCurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20240731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_znri5r7CKdS" style="text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other current liabilities"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2014"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityCurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20240731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_z1tUQopGznPl" style="text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other current liabilities"&gt;(222&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityCurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20240731__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_z2AEhiLfr4t" style="text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other current liabilities"&gt;(222&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 20pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Other noncurrent liabilities&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20240731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zBV90KhiRu3" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other noncurrent liabilities"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2020"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20240731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_z733gDTEdl7h" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other noncurrent liabilities"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2022"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20240731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zZaduftyHHEe" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other noncurrent liabilities"&gt;(684&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20240731__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zszWjyQDJGK5" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other noncurrent liabilities"&gt;(684&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;TOTAL&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_982_ecustom--ContingentConsiderationIncludedInOtherLiabilities_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zwqOzxNiH1nc" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other liabilities"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2028"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_980_ecustom--ContingentConsiderationIncludedInOtherLiabilities_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zxqdsB3dLnfg" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other liabilities"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2030"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_987_ecustom--ContingentConsiderationIncludedInOtherLiabilities_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zelkyv1YQBI" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other liabilities"&gt;(906&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98B_ecustom--ContingentConsiderationIncludedInOtherLiabilities_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zcWRe6GM0ML8" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other liabilities"&gt;(906&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;July 31, 2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;Debt securities&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zOxdW3FjO60i" style="text-align: right" title="Debt securities"&gt;31,038&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zNsNrgBKB4b" style="text-align: right" title="Debt securities"&gt;11,376&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zhiRm7tjxB29" style="text-align: right" title="Debt securities"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2040"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zBz9JjVCMU0f" style="text-align: right" title="Debt securities"&gt;42,414&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;Equity investments included in current assets&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_982_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsCurrentAsset_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zdYkNRWD40Oj" style="text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in current assets"&gt;6,198&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_986_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsCurrentAsset_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zbDiAF4y1M96" style="text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in current assets"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2046"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_982_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsCurrentAsset_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zyJgYkH7enye" style="text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in current assets"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2048"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98F_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsCurrentAsset_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zkWc1Ql3hkyl" style="text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in current assets"&gt;6,198&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Equity investments included in noncurrent assets&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_981_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsNoncurrentAssets_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zWA23kmBKiq5" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in noncurrent assets"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2052"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_982_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsNoncurrentAssets_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zWDseZhQJdBh" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in noncurrent assets"&gt;2,500&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_982_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsNoncurrentAssets_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zkHUSwf4xz3d" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in noncurrent assets"&gt;1,263&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98E_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsNoncurrentAssets_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zoo8REUWfb65" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in noncurrent assets"&gt;3,763&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 30pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;TOTAL&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zOR9cLK9K7F7" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Total"&gt;37,236&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zRFnkV0ix6b3" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Total"&gt;13,876&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_z7Cz6oJIy4il" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Total"&gt;1,263&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zGskgbSVya2j" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Total"&gt;52,375&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;Acquisition consideration included in:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 20pt; text-align: left"&gt;Other current liabilities&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityCurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zvym4NMPVgO1" style="text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other current liabilities"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2068"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityCurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zTKBZKbgxPtk" style="text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other current liabilities"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2070"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityCurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zukuNpS9Uw7j" style="text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other current liabilities"&gt;(2,032&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityCurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zpdIhikDhRl6" style="text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other current liabilities"&gt;(2,032&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 20pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Other noncurrent liabilities&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_z3A62gLcIHdb" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other noncurrent liabilities"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2076"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zWXM0puGMMme" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other noncurrent liabilities"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2078"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zVAko6Lcxqfl" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other noncurrent liabilities"&gt;(2,773&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zusHtyaTfxul" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other noncurrent liabilities"&gt;(2,773&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 30pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;TOTAL&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98B_ecustom--ContingentConsiderationIncludedInOtherLiabilities_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zSWdyVocaHne" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other liabilities"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2084"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_983_ecustom--ContingentConsiderationIncludedInOtherLiabilities_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_z76KYKh9vRDd" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other liabilities"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2086"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_980_ecustom--ContingentConsiderationIncludedInOtherLiabilities_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_z2gRKEAkaYv8" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other liabilities"&gt;(4,805&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_986_ecustom--ContingentConsiderationIncludedInOtherLiabilities_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zC0A2OKZCDh" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other liabilities"&gt;(4,805&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_8A3_ziSI6hTJYp1" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;At
July 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company had $&lt;span id="xdx_907_ecustom--InvestmentInHedgeFunds_iI_pn5n6_c20240731_zZYDgzm4nn8d" title="Investment in hedge funds"&gt;2.9&lt;/span&gt; million and $&lt;span id="xdx_903_ecustom--InvestmentInHedgeFunds_iI_pn5n6_c20230731_z44vs5nQ60Kl" title="Investment in hedge funds"&gt;3.0&lt;/span&gt; million, respectively, in investments in hedge funds, which were included
in noncurrent &#x201c;Equity investments&#x201d; in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. The Company&#x2019;s investments in hedge
funds were accounted for using the equity method, therefore they were not measured at fair value.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_892_eus-gaap--FairValueAssetsMeasuredOnRecurringBasisUnobservableInputReconciliationTextBlock_zNRN1mWN1AHk" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
following tables summarize the change in the balance of the Company&#x2019;s assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis using
significant unobservable inputs (Level 3):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;span id="xdx_8B9_zf4sMKKb01Ud" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Assets Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;Year ended July 31,&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_495_20230801__20240731_zlpRBruGXnz3"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49A_20220801__20230731_z0S1hqEm5kc7"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_490_20210801__20220731_z03mTWgqUP9g"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2022&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_409_eus-gaap--FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetValue_iS_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 52%"&gt;Balance, beginning of period&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 2%; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 12%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;1,263&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;1,132&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;2,465&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_401_ecustom--RedemptionForVisaMandatoryReleaseAssessment_pn3n3_z93fGd8UCQ1k" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Redemption for Visa mandatory release assessment&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;(877&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2103"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(1,230&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetGainLossIncludedInEarnings1_pn3n3_zl1V6tCJzxf4" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;Total gains (losses) included in &#x201c;&lt;span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--FairValueRecurringBasisUnobservableInputReconciliationAssetGainLossStatementOfIncomeExtensibleList_dxL_c20230801__20240731_zDGC2YEnacB4" title="::XDX::http%3A%2F%2Ffasb.org%2Fus-gaap%2F2024%23NonoperatingIncomeExpense"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--FairValueRecurringBasisUnobservableInputReconciliationAssetGainLossStatementOfIncomeExtensibleList_dxL_c20220801__20230731_zkZgXW1hjyuh" title="::XDX::http%3A%2F%2Ffasb.org%2Fus-gaap%2F2024%23NonoperatingIncomeExpense"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--FairValueRecurringBasisUnobservableInputReconciliationAssetGainLossStatementOfIncomeExtensibleList_dxL_c20210801__20220731_zXd8amGpqZij" title="::XDX::http%3A%2F%2Ffasb.org%2Fus-gaap%2F2024%23NonoperatingIncomeExpense"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2109"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2110"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2111"&gt;Other expense, net&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&#x201d;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;309&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;131&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(103&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetValue_iE_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;BALANCE, END OF PERIOD&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;695&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;1,263&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;1,132&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--FairValueAssetsMeasuredOnRecurringBasisChangeInUnrealizedGainLoss_z4y5SBkq3jja" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;Change in unrealized gains or losses for the period included in earnings for assets held at the end of the period&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2117"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2118"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2119"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_8AC_zGVnzw2kNToe" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_895_eus-gaap--FairValueLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringBasisUnobservableInputReconciliationTextBlock_zD8M0fl0Tt78" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
following tables summarize the change in the balance of the Company&#x2019;s liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using
significant unobservable inputs (Level 3):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;span id="xdx_8BB_z7Q0PFsK011c" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;Year ended July 31,&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_499_20230801__20240731_zJOK6rhVBjw7"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49E_20220801__20230731_zbgdxW3BGbGi"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49B_20210801__20220731_zw2nqV6Yy2Vc"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2022&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationsRecurringBasisLiabilityValue_iS_pn3n3_zJFA410wQNh5" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 52%"&gt;Balance, beginning of period&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 2%; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 12%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;4,805&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;8,546&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;1,025&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_409_ecustom--FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisLiabilitiesTransfersIntoLevelThreeFromAcquisition_pn3n3_zmrrCRomW6Jd" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Transfer into Level 3 from acquisitions&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2127"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2128"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;7,849&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisLiabilitySettlements_pn3n3_zpWrPhRyoqbh" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;Payments&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;(2,104&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(2,494&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2133"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Total (gains) losses included in:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisLiabilityGainLossIncludedInEarnings_zwVffDmlWeui" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#x201c;&lt;span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--FairValueRecurringBasisUnobservableInputReconciliationLiabilityGainLossStatementOfIncomeExtensibleList_dxL_c20230801__20240731_z1ovYRnRFHmh" title="::XDX::http%3A%2F%2Ffasb.org%2Fus-gaap%2F2024%23OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseNet"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--FairValueRecurringBasisUnobservableInputReconciliationLiabilityGainLossStatementOfIncomeExtensibleList_dxL_c20220801__20230731_zlhO0D2v18ve" title="::XDX::http%3A%2F%2Ffasb.org%2Fus-gaap%2F2024%23OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseNet"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--FairValueRecurringBasisUnobservableInputReconciliationLiabilityGainLossStatementOfIncomeExtensibleList_dxL_c20210801__20220731_zGl3LHncNdj2" title="::XDX::http%3A%2F%2Ffasb.org%2Fus-gaap%2F2024%23OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseNet"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2138"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2139"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2140"&gt;Other operating expense, net&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&#x201d;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;(1,838&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(1,349&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(303&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_403_ecustom--FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisLiabilityInterestExpense_pn3n3_zdtZsY6PLgch" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;Interest expense included in &#x201c;Interest income, net&#x201d;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;44&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;97&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2144"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisLiabilityGainLossIncludedInOtherComprehensiveIncome_pn3n3_zH1HTKnDAmQa" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#x201c;&lt;span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--FairValueRecurringBasisUnobservableInputReconciliationLiabilityGainLossStatementOfOtherComprehensiveIncomeExtensibleList_dxL_c20230801__20240731_zdqPxRyIlfae" title="::XDX::http%3A%2F%2Ffasb.org%2Fus-gaap%2F2024%23OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationGainLossArisingDuringPeriodNetOfTax"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--FairValueRecurringBasisUnobservableInputReconciliationLiabilityGainLossStatementOfOtherComprehensiveIncomeExtensibleList_dxL_c20220801__20230731_zuAvbNe72R0c" title="::XDX::http%3A%2F%2Ffasb.org%2Fus-gaap%2F2024%23OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationGainLossArisingDuringPeriodNetOfTax"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--FairValueRecurringBasisUnobservableInputReconciliationLiabilityGainLossStatementOfOtherComprehensiveIncomeExtensibleList_dxL_c20210801__20220731_zYvSwaiHe5L6" title="::XDX::http%3A%2F%2Ffasb.org%2Fus-gaap%2F2024%23OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationGainLossArisingDuringPeriodNetOfTax"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2149"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2150"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2151"&gt;Foreign currency translation adjustments&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&#x201d;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;(1&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;5&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(25&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationsRecurringBasisLiabilityValue_iE_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;BALANCE, END OF PERIOD&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;906&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;4,805&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;8,546&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--FairValueLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringBasisChangeInUnrealizedGainLoss_zOFnRyPp2Hi3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;Change in unrealized gains or losses for the period included in earnings for liabilities at the end of the period&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2157"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2158"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2159"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_8A3_ztvtcumxKUfg" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;In
fiscal 2024 and fiscal 2023, the Company paid an aggregate of $&lt;span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--PaymentForContingentConsiderationLiabilityInvestingActivities_pn5n6_c20230801__20240731_zgduV10SYd0i" title="Contingent consideration payment"&gt;2.1&lt;/span&gt; million and $&lt;span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--PaymentForContingentConsiderationLiabilityInvestingActivities_pn5n6_c20220801__20230731_zkLrpPQ2F9Sc" title="Contingent consideration payment"&gt;2.5&lt;/span&gt; million, respectively, for contingent consideration
related to prior acquisitions, which included &lt;span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesAcquisitions_pid_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--CommonStockMember__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_zxCoOYYCHbmi" title="Number of shares issued in acquisition"&gt;2,679&lt;/span&gt; and &lt;span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesAcquisitions_pid_c20220801__20230731__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--CommonStockMember__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_zVIFgmj7Jf4l" title="Number of shares issued in acquisition"&gt;3,051&lt;/span&gt; shares, respectively, of the Company&#x2019;s Class B common stock with
an issue date value of $&lt;span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueAcquisitions_pn5n6_c20230801__20240731_zXWclqmjTyTh" title="Number of shares issued in acquisition, value"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueAcquisitions_pn5n6_c20220801__20230731_zgbogZ4hw0Yh" title="Number of shares issued in acquisition, value"&gt;0.1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; million in both fiscal 2024 and fiscal 2023. In addition, the Company recorded gains of $&lt;span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability1_iN_pn5n6_di_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--IncomeStatementLocationAxis__us-gaap--OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseMember_zeDmowi7HLkd" title="Gain on write-off of contingent consideration payment obligation"&gt;1.8&lt;/span&gt; million, $&lt;span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability1_iN_pn5n6_di_c20220801__20230731__us-gaap--IncomeStatementLocationAxis__us-gaap--OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseMember_zC6c174pMJBe" title="Gain on write-off of contingent consideration payment obligation"&gt;1.6&lt;/span&gt;
million, and $&lt;span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability1_iN_pn5n6_di_c20210801__20220731__us-gaap--IncomeStatementLocationAxis__us-gaap--OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseMember_zwlLmLrWv1B3" title="Gain on write-off of contingent consideration payment obligation"&gt;0.3&lt;/span&gt; million in fiscal 2024, fiscal 2023, and fiscal 2022, respectively, on the write-off of contingent consideration payment
obligations. Also, in fiscal 2023, the Company increased the estimated fair value of acquisition-related contingent consideration by
$&lt;span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--LiabilitiesFairValueAdjustment_pn5n6_c20220801__20230731__us-gaap--IncomeStatementLocationAxis__us-gaap--OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseMember_zcXYne6jdDLb" title="Estimated fair value of contingent consideration"&gt;0.2&lt;/span&gt; million. These write-offs of contingent consideration net of the increase in the contingent consideration were included in &#x201c;Other
operating expense, net&#x201d; in the accompanying consolidated statements of income.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Fair
Value of Other Financial Instruments&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
estimated fair value of the Company&#x2019;s other financial instruments was determined using available market information or other appropriate
valuation methodologies. However, considerable judgment is required in interpreting these data to develop estimates of fair value. Consequently,
the estimates are not necessarily indicative of the amounts that could be realized or would be paid in a current market exchange.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#160;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Cash
and cash equivalents, restricted cash and cash equivalents, settlement assets, other current assets, customer deposits, settlement liabilities,
and other current liabilities.&lt;/i&gt; At July 31, 2024 and 2023, the carrying amount of these assets and liabilities approximated fair value
because of the short period of time to maturity. The fair value estimates for cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash and cash equivalents
were classified as Level 1 and settlement assets, other current assets, customer deposits, settlement liabilities, and other current
liabilities were classified as Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#160;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Other
assets and other liabilities.&lt;/i&gt; At July 31, 2024 and 2023, the carrying amount of these assets and liabilities approximated fair value.
The fair values were estimated based on the Company&#x2019;s assumptions, which were classified as Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</us-gaap:FairValueDisclosuresTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:ScheduleOfFairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringBasisTableTextBlock contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" id="Fact001978">&lt;p id="xdx_898_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfFairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringBasisTableTextBlock_zdyTlEQ2HJx7" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
following table presents the balance of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&#160;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="display: none; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8B2_zoUMBPhJESOg"&gt;Schedule of Balance of Assets Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;Level 1&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;Level 2&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;Level 3&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;Total&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;July 31, 2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; width: 40%; text-align: left"&gt;Debt securities&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zT3OvfQQONCf" style="width: 11%; text-align: right" title="Debt securities"&gt;16,585&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zHY4FOckk61l" style="width: 11%; text-align: right" title="Debt securities"&gt;6,853&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zhKAkUUin53" style="width: 11%; text-align: right" title="Debt securities"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1984"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zW6Mqjrb0bq9" style="width: 11%; text-align: right" title="Debt securities"&gt;23,438&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;Equity investments included in current assets&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98B_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsCurrentAsset_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zIX5jAtL09Th" style="text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in current assets"&gt;5,009&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_985_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsCurrentAsset_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zCD2cTgdn5d1" style="text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in current assets"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1990"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_984_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsCurrentAsset_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zNnh3RhIDWo7" style="text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in current assets"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1992"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_982_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsCurrentAsset_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zDM71FMDb7aa" style="text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in current assets"&gt;5,009&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Equity investments included in noncurrent assets&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_989_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsNoncurrentAssets_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_z4ssfCAE03s" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in noncurrent assets"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1996"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98B_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsNoncurrentAssets_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zg6fl8EMOWe3" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in noncurrent assets"&gt;1,377&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98B_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsNoncurrentAssets_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_z45xabQhsWfb" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in noncurrent assets"&gt;695&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98F_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsNoncurrentAssets_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zSzBzc4CYJx" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in noncurrent assets"&gt;2,072&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 30pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;TOTAL&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zvfzKptsErlk" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Total"&gt;21,594&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zs7lmfoB0pjg" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Total"&gt;8,230&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zROZjGpMMEC7" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Total"&gt;695&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98A_eus-gaap--InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zdSik2VJBPX4" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Total"&gt;30,519&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;Acquisition consideration included in:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 20pt; text-align: left"&gt;Other current liabilities&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityCurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20240731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zNACJKIpxQOk" style="text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other current liabilities"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2012"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityCurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20240731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_znri5r7CKdS" style="text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other current liabilities"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2014"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityCurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20240731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_z1tUQopGznPl" style="text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other current liabilities"&gt;(222&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityCurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20240731__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_z2AEhiLfr4t" style="text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other current liabilities"&gt;(222&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 20pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Other noncurrent liabilities&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20240731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zBV90KhiRu3" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other noncurrent liabilities"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2020"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20240731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_z733gDTEdl7h" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other noncurrent liabilities"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2022"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20240731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zZaduftyHHEe" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other noncurrent liabilities"&gt;(684&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20240731__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zszWjyQDJGK5" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other noncurrent liabilities"&gt;(684&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;TOTAL&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_982_ecustom--ContingentConsiderationIncludedInOtherLiabilities_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zwqOzxNiH1nc" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other liabilities"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2028"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_980_ecustom--ContingentConsiderationIncludedInOtherLiabilities_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zxqdsB3dLnfg" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other liabilities"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2030"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_987_ecustom--ContingentConsiderationIncludedInOtherLiabilities_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zelkyv1YQBI" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other liabilities"&gt;(906&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98B_ecustom--ContingentConsiderationIncludedInOtherLiabilities_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zcWRe6GM0ML8" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other liabilities"&gt;(906&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;July 31, 2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;Debt securities&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zOxdW3FjO60i" style="text-align: right" title="Debt securities"&gt;31,038&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zNsNrgBKB4b" style="text-align: right" title="Debt securities"&gt;11,376&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zhiRm7tjxB29" style="text-align: right" title="Debt securities"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2040"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zBz9JjVCMU0f" style="text-align: right" title="Debt securities"&gt;42,414&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;Equity investments included in current assets&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_982_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsCurrentAsset_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zdYkNRWD40Oj" style="text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in current assets"&gt;6,198&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_986_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsCurrentAsset_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zbDiAF4y1M96" style="text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in current assets"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2046"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_982_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsCurrentAsset_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zyJgYkH7enye" style="text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in current assets"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2048"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98F_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsCurrentAsset_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zkWc1Ql3hkyl" style="text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in current assets"&gt;6,198&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Equity investments included in noncurrent assets&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_981_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsNoncurrentAssets_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zWA23kmBKiq5" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in noncurrent assets"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2052"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_982_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsNoncurrentAssets_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zWDseZhQJdBh" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in noncurrent assets"&gt;2,500&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_982_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsNoncurrentAssets_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zkHUSwf4xz3d" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in noncurrent assets"&gt;1,263&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98E_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsNoncurrentAssets_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zoo8REUWfb65" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in noncurrent assets"&gt;3,763&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 30pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;TOTAL&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zOR9cLK9K7F7" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Total"&gt;37,236&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zRFnkV0ix6b3" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Total"&gt;13,876&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_z7Cz6oJIy4il" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Total"&gt;1,263&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zGskgbSVya2j" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Total"&gt;52,375&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;Acquisition consideration included in:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 20pt; text-align: left"&gt;Other current liabilities&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityCurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zvym4NMPVgO1" style="text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other current liabilities"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2068"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityCurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zTKBZKbgxPtk" style="text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other current liabilities"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2070"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityCurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zukuNpS9Uw7j" style="text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other current liabilities"&gt;(2,032&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityCurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zpdIhikDhRl6" style="text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other current liabilities"&gt;(2,032&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 20pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Other noncurrent liabilities&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_z3A62gLcIHdb" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other noncurrent liabilities"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2076"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zWXM0puGMMme" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other noncurrent liabilities"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2078"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zVAko6Lcxqfl" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other noncurrent liabilities"&gt;(2,773&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zusHtyaTfxul" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other noncurrent liabilities"&gt;(2,773&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 30pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;TOTAL&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
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    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_983_ecustom--ContingentConsiderationIncludedInOtherLiabilities_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_z76KYKh9vRDd" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other liabilities"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2086"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_980_ecustom--ContingentConsiderationIncludedInOtherLiabilities_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_z2gRKEAkaYv8" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other liabilities"&gt;(4,805&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_986_ecustom--ContingentConsiderationIncludedInOtherLiabilities_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zC0A2OKZCDh" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other liabilities"&gt;(4,805&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
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    <us-gaap:FairValueAssetsMeasuredOnRecurringBasisUnobservableInputReconciliationTextBlock contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" id="Fact002096">&lt;p id="xdx_892_eus-gaap--FairValueAssetsMeasuredOnRecurringBasisUnobservableInputReconciliationTextBlock_zNRN1mWN1AHk" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
following tables summarize the change in the balance of the Company&#x2019;s assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis using
significant unobservable inputs (Level 3):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;span id="xdx_8B9_zf4sMKKb01Ud" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Assets Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;Year ended July 31,&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_495_20230801__20240731_zlpRBruGXnz3"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49A_20220801__20230731_z0S1hqEm5kc7"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_490_20210801__20220731_z03mTWgqUP9g"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2022&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_409_eus-gaap--FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetValue_iS_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 52%"&gt;Balance, beginning of period&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 2%; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 12%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;1,263&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;1,132&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;2,465&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
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    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Redemption for Visa mandatory release assessment&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;(877&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2103"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(1,230&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
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    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;Total gains (losses) included in &#x201c;&lt;span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--FairValueRecurringBasisUnobservableInputReconciliationAssetGainLossStatementOfIncomeExtensibleList_dxL_c20230801__20240731_zDGC2YEnacB4" title="::XDX::http%3A%2F%2Ffasb.org%2Fus-gaap%2F2024%23NonoperatingIncomeExpense"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--FairValueRecurringBasisUnobservableInputReconciliationAssetGainLossStatementOfIncomeExtensibleList_dxL_c20220801__20230731_zkZgXW1hjyuh" title="::XDX::http%3A%2F%2Ffasb.org%2Fus-gaap%2F2024%23NonoperatingIncomeExpense"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--FairValueRecurringBasisUnobservableInputReconciliationAssetGainLossStatementOfIncomeExtensibleList_dxL_c20210801__20220731_zXd8amGpqZij" title="::XDX::http%3A%2F%2Ffasb.org%2Fus-gaap%2F2024%23NonoperatingIncomeExpense"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2109"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2110"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2111"&gt;Other expense, net&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&#x201d;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;309&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;131&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(103&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetValue_iE_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;BALANCE, END OF PERIOD&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;695&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;1,263&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;1,132&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--FairValueAssetsMeasuredOnRecurringBasisChangeInUnrealizedGainLoss_z4y5SBkq3jja" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;Change in unrealized gains or losses for the period included in earnings for assets held at the end of the period&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2117"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2118"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2119"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

</us-gaap:FairValueAssetsMeasuredOnRecurringBasisUnobservableInputReconciliationTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetValue
      contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002098"
      unitRef="USD">1263000</us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetValue>
    <us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetValue
      contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002099"
      unitRef="USD">1132000</us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetValue>
    <us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetValue
      contextRef="AsOf2021-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002100"
      unitRef="USD">2465000</us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetValue>
    <IDT:RedemptionForVisaMandatoryReleaseAssessment
      contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002102"
      unitRef="USD">-877000</IDT:RedemptionForVisaMandatoryReleaseAssessment>
    <IDT:RedemptionForVisaMandatoryReleaseAssessment
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002104"
      unitRef="USD">-1230000</IDT:RedemptionForVisaMandatoryReleaseAssessment>
    <us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetGainLossIncludedInEarnings1
      contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002106"
      unitRef="USD">309000</us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetGainLossIncludedInEarnings1>
    <us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetGainLossIncludedInEarnings1
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002107"
      unitRef="USD">131000</us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetGainLossIncludedInEarnings1>
    <us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetGainLossIncludedInEarnings1
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002108"
      unitRef="USD">-103000</us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetGainLossIncludedInEarnings1>
    <us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetValue
      contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002113"
      unitRef="USD">695000</us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetValue>
    <us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetValue
      contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002114"
      unitRef="USD">1263000</us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetValue>
    <us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetValue
      contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002115"
      unitRef="USD">1132000</us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetValue>
    <us-gaap:FairValueLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringBasisUnobservableInputReconciliationTextBlock contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" id="Fact002121">&lt;p id="xdx_895_eus-gaap--FairValueLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringBasisUnobservableInputReconciliationTextBlock_zD8M0fl0Tt78" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
following tables summarize the change in the balance of the Company&#x2019;s liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using
significant unobservable inputs (Level 3):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;span id="xdx_8BB_z7Q0PFsK011c" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;Year ended July 31,&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_499_20230801__20240731_zJOK6rhVBjw7"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49E_20220801__20230731_zbgdxW3BGbGi"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49B_20210801__20220731_zw2nqV6Yy2Vc"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2022&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationsRecurringBasisLiabilityValue_iS_pn3n3_zJFA410wQNh5" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 52%"&gt;Balance, beginning of period&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 2%; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 12%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;4,805&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;8,546&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;1,025&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_409_ecustom--FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisLiabilitiesTransfersIntoLevelThreeFromAcquisition_pn3n3_zmrrCRomW6Jd" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Transfer into Level 3 from acquisitions&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2127"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2128"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;7,849&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisLiabilitySettlements_pn3n3_zpWrPhRyoqbh" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;Payments&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;(2,104&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(2,494&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2133"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Total (gains) losses included in:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisLiabilityGainLossIncludedInEarnings_zwVffDmlWeui" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#x201c;&lt;span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--FairValueRecurringBasisUnobservableInputReconciliationLiabilityGainLossStatementOfIncomeExtensibleList_dxL_c20230801__20240731_z1ovYRnRFHmh" title="::XDX::http%3A%2F%2Ffasb.org%2Fus-gaap%2F2024%23OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseNet"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--FairValueRecurringBasisUnobservableInputReconciliationLiabilityGainLossStatementOfIncomeExtensibleList_dxL_c20220801__20230731_zlhO0D2v18ve" title="::XDX::http%3A%2F%2Ffasb.org%2Fus-gaap%2F2024%23OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseNet"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--FairValueRecurringBasisUnobservableInputReconciliationLiabilityGainLossStatementOfIncomeExtensibleList_dxL_c20210801__20220731_zGl3LHncNdj2" title="::XDX::http%3A%2F%2Ffasb.org%2Fus-gaap%2F2024%23OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseNet"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2138"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2139"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2140"&gt;Other operating expense, net&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&#x201d;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;(1,838&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(1,349&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(303&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_403_ecustom--FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisLiabilityInterestExpense_pn3n3_zdtZsY6PLgch" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;Interest expense included in &#x201c;Interest income, net&#x201d;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;44&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;97&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2144"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisLiabilityGainLossIncludedInOtherComprehensiveIncome_pn3n3_zH1HTKnDAmQa" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#x201c;&lt;span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--FairValueRecurringBasisUnobservableInputReconciliationLiabilityGainLossStatementOfOtherComprehensiveIncomeExtensibleList_dxL_c20230801__20240731_zdqPxRyIlfae" title="::XDX::http%3A%2F%2Ffasb.org%2Fus-gaap%2F2024%23OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationGainLossArisingDuringPeriodNetOfTax"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--FairValueRecurringBasisUnobservableInputReconciliationLiabilityGainLossStatementOfOtherComprehensiveIncomeExtensibleList_dxL_c20220801__20230731_zuAvbNe72R0c" title="::XDX::http%3A%2F%2Ffasb.org%2Fus-gaap%2F2024%23OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationGainLossArisingDuringPeriodNetOfTax"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--FairValueRecurringBasisUnobservableInputReconciliationLiabilityGainLossStatementOfOtherComprehensiveIncomeExtensibleList_dxL_c20210801__20220731_zYvSwaiHe5L6" title="::XDX::http%3A%2F%2Ffasb.org%2Fus-gaap%2F2024%23OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationGainLossArisingDuringPeriodNetOfTax"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2149"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2150"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2151"&gt;Foreign currency translation adjustments&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&#x201d;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;(1&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;5&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(25&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationsRecurringBasisLiabilityValue_iE_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;BALANCE, END OF PERIOD&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;906&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;4,805&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;8,546&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
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    <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentDisclosureTextBlock contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" id="Fact002181">&lt;p id="xdx_80A_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentDisclosureTextBlock_zSVzzWLdH791" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Note
10&#x2014;&lt;span id="xdx_825_zOwZlCvocdh"&gt;Property, Plant, and Equipment&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_896_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTextBlock_zN76KJNCijGi" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Property,
plant, and equipment consist of the following:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;span id="xdx_8B4_zovDzCK7oxn3" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Property, Plant and Equipment&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"&gt;&lt;p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;July 31&lt;/p&gt;
                                               &lt;p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49C_20240731_zWrg3XxaUxY2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49F_20230731_ztzYzb7Udxmf" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_405_eus-gaap--MachineryAndEquipmentGross_iI_pn3n3_maPPAEGzQ2W_zrmNTx6du9Ql" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 60%"&gt;Equipment&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 16%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;45,881&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 16%; text-align: right"&gt;43,704&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_405_eus-gaap--CapitalizedComputerSoftwareGross_iI_pn3n3_maPPAEGzQ2W_zv26k86TTAd3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Computer software&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;181,081&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;169,070&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--LeaseholdImprovementsGross_iI_pn3n3_maPPAEGzQ2W_zxcuracOnZP6" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Leasehold improvements&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;1,635&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;1,760&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--FurnitureAndFixturesGross_iI_pn3n3_maPPAEGzQ2W_zPhmkpJIEW33" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;Furniture and fixtures&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;730&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;699&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_409_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross_iTI_pn3n3_mtPPAEGzQ2W_maPPAENzLFN_zbbyRXDMoYd8" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="display: none; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Property, plant and equipment, gross&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;229,327&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;215,233&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_406_eus-gaap--AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment_iNI_pn3n3_di_msPPAENzLFN_zczCOKeEYlok" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;Less accumulated depreciation and amortization&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;(190,675&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(176,578&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet_iTI_pn3n3_mtPPAENzLFN_zHGHrUD9OdCk" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;Property, plant, and equipment, net&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;38,652&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;38,655&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_8AE_zDPRXbgZ5vW2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company reduced its gross property, plant, and equipment and accumulated depreciation and amortization by $&lt;span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentDisposals_pn5n6_c20230801__20240731_zR782ScSMln1" title="Disposal of property, plant and equipment"&gt;4.6&lt;/span&gt; million and $&lt;span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentDisposals_pn5n6_c20210801__20220731_zLwwo8MM6B2i" title="Disposal of property, plant and equipment"&gt;4.2&lt;/span&gt; million
in fiscal 2024 and fiscal 2023, respectively, for property, plant, and equipment that was fully depreciated and no longer in service.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Depreciation
and amortization expense of property, plant, and equipment was $&lt;span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--Depreciation_pn5n6_c20230801__20240731_zqeebfSLMNQ5" title="Depreciation expense"&gt;19.1&lt;/span&gt; million, $&lt;span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--Depreciation_pn5n6_c20220801__20230731_zTfxVbadQhce" title="Depreciation expense"&gt;18.6&lt;/span&gt; million, and $&lt;span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--Depreciation_pn5n6_c20210801__20220731_z8GfMDN15uG9" title="Depreciation expense"&gt;16.8&lt;/span&gt; million in fiscal 2024, fiscal
2023, and fiscal 2022, respectively.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font: normal 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font: normal 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;In
fiscal 2023, the Company recorded an expense of $&lt;span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--OtherExpenses_pn5n6_c20220801__20230731_zA2jvfOoVKz7" title="Expenses for telephone equipment"&gt;0.1&lt;/span&gt; million for telephone equipment that was taken out of service, which was included
in &#x201c;Other operating expense, net&#x201d; in the accompanying consolidated statements of income.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentDisclosureTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTextBlock contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" id="Fact002183">&lt;p id="xdx_896_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTextBlock_zN76KJNCijGi" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Property,
plant, and equipment consist of the following:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;span id="xdx_8B4_zovDzCK7oxn3" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Property, Plant and Equipment&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"&gt;&lt;p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;July 31&lt;/p&gt;
                                               &lt;p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49C_20240731_zWrg3XxaUxY2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49F_20230731_ztzYzb7Udxmf" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_405_eus-gaap--MachineryAndEquipmentGross_iI_pn3n3_maPPAEGzQ2W_zrmNTx6du9Ql" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 60%"&gt;Equipment&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 16%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;45,881&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 16%; text-align: right"&gt;43,704&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_405_eus-gaap--CapitalizedComputerSoftwareGross_iI_pn3n3_maPPAEGzQ2W_zv26k86TTAd3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Computer software&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;181,081&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;169,070&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--LeaseholdImprovementsGross_iI_pn3n3_maPPAEGzQ2W_zxcuracOnZP6" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Leasehold improvements&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;1,635&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;1,760&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--FurnitureAndFixturesGross_iI_pn3n3_maPPAEGzQ2W_zPhmkpJIEW33" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;Furniture and fixtures&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;730&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;699&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_409_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross_iTI_pn3n3_mtPPAEGzQ2W_maPPAENzLFN_zbbyRXDMoYd8" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;span style="display: none; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Property, plant and equipment, gross&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;229,327&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;215,233&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_406_eus-gaap--AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment_iNI_pn3n3_di_msPPAENzLFN_zczCOKeEYlok" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;Less accumulated depreciation and amortization&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;(190,675&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(176,578&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet_iTI_pn3n3_mtPPAENzLFN_zHGHrUD9OdCk" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;Property, plant, and equipment, net&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;38,652&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;38,655&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:MachineryAndEquipmentGross
      contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002185"
      unitRef="USD">45881000</us-gaap:MachineryAndEquipmentGross>
    <us-gaap:MachineryAndEquipmentGross
      contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002186"
      unitRef="USD">43704000</us-gaap:MachineryAndEquipmentGross>
    <us-gaap:CapitalizedComputerSoftwareGross
      contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002188"
      unitRef="USD">181081000</us-gaap:CapitalizedComputerSoftwareGross>
    <us-gaap:CapitalizedComputerSoftwareGross
      contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002189"
      unitRef="USD">169070000</us-gaap:CapitalizedComputerSoftwareGross>
    <us-gaap:LeaseholdImprovementsGross
      contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002191"
      unitRef="USD">1635000</us-gaap:LeaseholdImprovementsGross>
    <us-gaap:LeaseholdImprovementsGross
      contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002192"
      unitRef="USD">1760000</us-gaap:LeaseholdImprovementsGross>
    <us-gaap:FurnitureAndFixturesGross
      contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002194"
      unitRef="USD">730000</us-gaap:FurnitureAndFixturesGross>
    <us-gaap:FurnitureAndFixturesGross
      contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002195"
      unitRef="USD">699000</us-gaap:FurnitureAndFixturesGross>
    <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross
      contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002197"
      unitRef="USD">229327000</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross>
    <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross
      contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002198"
      unitRef="USD">215233000</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross>
    <us-gaap:AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment
      contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002200"
      unitRef="USD">190675000</us-gaap:AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment>
    <us-gaap:AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment
      contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002201"
      unitRef="USD">176578000</us-gaap:AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment>
    <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet
      contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002203"
      unitRef="USD">38652000</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet>
    <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet
      contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002204"
      unitRef="USD">38655000</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet>
    <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentDisposals
      contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31"
      decimals="-5"
      id="Fact002206"
      unitRef="USD">4600000</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentDisposals>
    <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentDisposals
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31"
      decimals="-5"
      id="Fact002208"
      unitRef="USD">4200000</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentDisposals>
    <us-gaap:Depreciation
      contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31"
      decimals="-5"
      id="Fact002210"
      unitRef="USD">19100000</us-gaap:Depreciation>
    <us-gaap:Depreciation
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31"
      decimals="-5"
      id="Fact002212"
      unitRef="USD">18600000</us-gaap:Depreciation>
    <us-gaap:Depreciation
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31"
      decimals="-5"
      id="Fact002214"
      unitRef="USD">16800000</us-gaap:Depreciation>
    <us-gaap:OtherExpenses
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31"
      decimals="-5"
      id="Fact002216"
      unitRef="USD">100000</us-gaap:OtherExpenses>
    <us-gaap:GoodwillDisclosureTextBlock contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" id="Fact002218">&lt;p id="xdx_808_eus-gaap--GoodwillDisclosureTextBlock_zoXnLHlIp1id" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Note
11&#x2014;&lt;span id="xdx_827_z347a0PGiDra"&gt;Goodwill&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_89C_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfIntangibleAssetsAndGoodwillTableTextBlock_zoxIn3HnCql1" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
table below reconciles the change in the carrying amount of goodwill by operating segment:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8B5_zHMlFuhMqHaf" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Change in Carrying Amount of Goodwill by Operating Segment&lt;/span&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_4B0_us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_custom--FintechMember_zzRSg24G4C2j" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;Fintech&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_4B8_us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_custom--Net2phoneMember_zhKJGS4zIvGk" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;net2phone&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_4BB_us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_custom--TraditionalCommunicationsMember_zxilSCDjnQ2i" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;Traditional Communications&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_4B8_zNgk5sPmmAS9" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;Total&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_433_c20210801__20220731_eus-gaap--Goodwill_iS_pn3n3_zs7sjKBcvtoj" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 36%; font-weight: bold"&gt;Balance at July 31, 2021&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2222"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;1,523&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;13,374&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;14,897&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--GoodwillAcquiredDuringPeriod_pn3n3_zHPsIqH0pFte" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;Acquisitions&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;3,199&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;8,433&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2229"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;11,632&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_405_eus-gaap--GoodwillPurchaseAccountingAdjustments_pn3n3_zUXyQOIgosV5" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;Adjustment&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2232"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2233"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;392&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;392&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40C_eus-gaap--GoodwillForeignCurrencyTranslationGainLoss_pn3n3_zVTCDOHGb5u5" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;Foreign currency translation adjustments&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2237"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(213&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(328&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(541&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_43C_c20220801__20230731_eus-gaap--Goodwill_iS_pn3n3_zbCRMEkPyU29" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;Balance at July 31, 2022&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;3,199&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;9,743&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;13,438&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;26,380&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40C_eus-gaap--GoodwillForeignCurrencyTranslationGainLoss_pn3n3_z1REOyWxDxZe" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;Foreign currency translation adjustments&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2247"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;101&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(24&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;77&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_433_c20230801__20240731_eus-gaap--Goodwill_iS_pn3n3_zilUTCkbfqe" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;Balance at July 31, 2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;3,199&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;9,844&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;13,414&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;26,457&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_430_c20230801__20240731_eus-gaap--Goodwill_iS_pn3n3_zsNZsFViIaH5" style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Balance at beginning&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;3,199&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;9,844&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;13,414&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;26,457&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr id="xdx_40C_eus-gaap--GoodwillForeignCurrencyTranslationGainLoss_pn3n3_znCDMQ9PcmG7" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;Foreign currency translation adjustments&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2262"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(22&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(147&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(169&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_43A_c20230801__20240731_eus-gaap--Goodwill_iE_pn3n3_z1jHOeKEnqE8" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;Balance at July 31, 2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;3,199&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;9,822&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;13,267&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;26,288&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_436_c20230801__20240731_eus-gaap--Goodwill_iE_pn3n3_zAMpixC7BDJf" style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Balance at end&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;3,199&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;9,822&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;13,267&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;26,288&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;p id="xdx_8AC_zo3Sf6evhjX6" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</us-gaap:GoodwillDisclosureTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:ScheduleOfIntangibleAssetsAndGoodwillTableTextBlock contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" id="Fact002220">&lt;p id="xdx_89C_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfIntangibleAssetsAndGoodwillTableTextBlock_zoxIn3HnCql1" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
table below reconciles the change in the carrying amount of goodwill by operating segment:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8B5_zHMlFuhMqHaf" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Change in Carrying Amount of Goodwill by Operating Segment&lt;/span&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_4B0_us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_custom--FintechMember_zzRSg24G4C2j" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;Fintech&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_4B8_us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_custom--Net2phoneMember_zhKJGS4zIvGk" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;net2phone&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_4BB_us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_custom--TraditionalCommunicationsMember_zxilSCDjnQ2i" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;Traditional Communications&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_4B8_zNgk5sPmmAS9" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;Total&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_433_c20210801__20220731_eus-gaap--Goodwill_iS_pn3n3_zs7sjKBcvtoj" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 36%; font-weight: bold"&gt;Balance at July 31, 2021&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2222"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;1,523&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;13,374&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;14,897&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--GoodwillAcquiredDuringPeriod_pn3n3_zHPsIqH0pFte" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;Acquisitions&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;3,199&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;8,433&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2229"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;11,632&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_405_eus-gaap--GoodwillPurchaseAccountingAdjustments_pn3n3_zUXyQOIgosV5" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;Adjustment&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2232"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2233"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;392&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;392&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40C_eus-gaap--GoodwillForeignCurrencyTranslationGainLoss_pn3n3_zVTCDOHGb5u5" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;Foreign currency translation adjustments&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2237"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(213&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(328&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(541&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_43C_c20220801__20230731_eus-gaap--Goodwill_iS_pn3n3_zbCRMEkPyU29" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;Balance at July 31, 2022&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;3,199&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;9,743&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;13,438&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;26,380&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40C_eus-gaap--GoodwillForeignCurrencyTranslationGainLoss_pn3n3_z1REOyWxDxZe" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;Foreign currency translation adjustments&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2247"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;101&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(24&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;77&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_433_c20230801__20240731_eus-gaap--Goodwill_iS_pn3n3_zilUTCkbfqe" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;Balance at July 31, 2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;3,199&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;9,844&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;13,414&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;26,457&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_430_c20230801__20240731_eus-gaap--Goodwill_iS_pn3n3_zsNZsFViIaH5" style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Balance at beginning&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;3,199&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;9,844&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;13,414&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;26,457&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr id="xdx_40C_eus-gaap--GoodwillForeignCurrencyTranslationGainLoss_pn3n3_znCDMQ9PcmG7" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;Foreign currency translation adjustments&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2262"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(22&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(147&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(169&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_43A_c20230801__20240731_eus-gaap--Goodwill_iE_pn3n3_z1jHOeKEnqE8" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;Balance at July 31, 2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;3,199&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;9,822&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;13,267&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;26,288&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_436_c20230801__20240731_eus-gaap--Goodwill_iE_pn3n3_zAMpixC7BDJf" style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Balance at end&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;3,199&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;9,822&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;13,267&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;26,288&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;
</us-gaap:ScheduleOfIntangibleAssetsAndGoodwillTableTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:Goodwill
      contextRef="AsOf2021-07-31_custom_Net2phoneMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002223"
      unitRef="USD">1523000</us-gaap:Goodwill>
    <us-gaap:Goodwill
      contextRef="AsOf2021-07-31_custom_TraditionalCommunicationsMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002224"
      unitRef="USD">13374000</us-gaap:Goodwill>
    <us-gaap:Goodwill
      contextRef="AsOf2021-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002225"
      unitRef="USD">14897000</us-gaap:Goodwill>
    <us-gaap:GoodwillAcquiredDuringPeriod
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31_custom_FintechMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002227"
      unitRef="USD">3199000</us-gaap:GoodwillAcquiredDuringPeriod>
    <us-gaap:GoodwillAcquiredDuringPeriod
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31_custom_Net2phoneMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002228"
      unitRef="USD">8433000</us-gaap:GoodwillAcquiredDuringPeriod>
    <us-gaap:GoodwillAcquiredDuringPeriod
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002230"
      unitRef="USD">11632000</us-gaap:GoodwillAcquiredDuringPeriod>
    <us-gaap:GoodwillPurchaseAccountingAdjustments
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31_custom_TraditionalCommunicationsMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002234"
      unitRef="USD">392000</us-gaap:GoodwillPurchaseAccountingAdjustments>
    <us-gaap:GoodwillPurchaseAccountingAdjustments
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002235"
      unitRef="USD">392000</us-gaap:GoodwillPurchaseAccountingAdjustments>
    <us-gaap:GoodwillForeignCurrencyTranslationGainLoss
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31_custom_Net2phoneMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002238"
      unitRef="USD">-213000</us-gaap:GoodwillForeignCurrencyTranslationGainLoss>
    <us-gaap:GoodwillForeignCurrencyTranslationGainLoss
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31_custom_TraditionalCommunicationsMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002239"
      unitRef="USD">-328000</us-gaap:GoodwillForeignCurrencyTranslationGainLoss>
    <us-gaap:GoodwillForeignCurrencyTranslationGainLoss
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002240"
      unitRef="USD">-541000</us-gaap:GoodwillForeignCurrencyTranslationGainLoss>
    <us-gaap:Goodwill
      contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31_custom_FintechMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002242"
      unitRef="USD">3199000</us-gaap:Goodwill>
    <us-gaap:Goodwill
      contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31_custom_Net2phoneMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002243"
      unitRef="USD">9743000</us-gaap:Goodwill>
    <us-gaap:Goodwill
      contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31_custom_TraditionalCommunicationsMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002244"
      unitRef="USD">13438000</us-gaap:Goodwill>
    <us-gaap:Goodwill
      contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002245"
      unitRef="USD">26380000</us-gaap:Goodwill>
    <us-gaap:GoodwillForeignCurrencyTranslationGainLoss
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31_custom_Net2phoneMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002248"
      unitRef="USD">101000</us-gaap:GoodwillForeignCurrencyTranslationGainLoss>
    <us-gaap:GoodwillForeignCurrencyTranslationGainLoss
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31_custom_TraditionalCommunicationsMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002249"
      unitRef="USD">-24000</us-gaap:GoodwillForeignCurrencyTranslationGainLoss>
    <us-gaap:GoodwillForeignCurrencyTranslationGainLoss
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002250"
      unitRef="USD">77000</us-gaap:GoodwillForeignCurrencyTranslationGainLoss>
    <us-gaap:Goodwill
      contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31_custom_FintechMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002252"
      unitRef="USD">3199000</us-gaap:Goodwill>
    <us-gaap:Goodwill
      contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31_custom_Net2phoneMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002253"
      unitRef="USD">9844000</us-gaap:Goodwill>
    <us-gaap:Goodwill
      contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31_custom_TraditionalCommunicationsMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002254"
      unitRef="USD">13414000</us-gaap:Goodwill>
    <us-gaap:Goodwill
      contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002255"
      unitRef="USD">26457000</us-gaap:Goodwill>
    <us-gaap:Goodwill
      contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31_custom_FintechMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002257"
      unitRef="USD">3199000</us-gaap:Goodwill>
    <us-gaap:Goodwill
      contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31_custom_Net2phoneMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002258"
      unitRef="USD">9844000</us-gaap:Goodwill>
    <us-gaap:Goodwill
      contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31_custom_TraditionalCommunicationsMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002259"
      unitRef="USD">13414000</us-gaap:Goodwill>
    <us-gaap:Goodwill
      contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002260"
      unitRef="USD">26457000</us-gaap:Goodwill>
    <us-gaap:GoodwillForeignCurrencyTranslationGainLoss
      contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_custom_Net2phoneMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002263"
      unitRef="USD">-22000</us-gaap:GoodwillForeignCurrencyTranslationGainLoss>
    <us-gaap:GoodwillForeignCurrencyTranslationGainLoss
      contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_custom_TraditionalCommunicationsMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002264"
      unitRef="USD">-147000</us-gaap:GoodwillForeignCurrencyTranslationGainLoss>
    <us-gaap:GoodwillForeignCurrencyTranslationGainLoss
      contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002265"
      unitRef="USD">-169000</us-gaap:GoodwillForeignCurrencyTranslationGainLoss>
    <us-gaap:Goodwill
      contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31_custom_FintechMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002267"
      unitRef="USD">3199000</us-gaap:Goodwill>
    <us-gaap:Goodwill
      contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31_custom_Net2phoneMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002268"
      unitRef="USD">9822000</us-gaap:Goodwill>
    <us-gaap:Goodwill
      contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31_custom_TraditionalCommunicationsMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002269"
      unitRef="USD">13267000</us-gaap:Goodwill>
    <us-gaap:Goodwill
      contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002270"
      unitRef="USD">26288000</us-gaap:Goodwill>
    <us-gaap:Goodwill
      contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31_custom_FintechMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002272"
      unitRef="USD">3199000</us-gaap:Goodwill>
    <us-gaap:Goodwill
      contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31_custom_Net2phoneMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002273"
      unitRef="USD">9822000</us-gaap:Goodwill>
    <us-gaap:Goodwill
      contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31_custom_TraditionalCommunicationsMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002274"
      unitRef="USD">13267000</us-gaap:Goodwill>
    <us-gaap:Goodwill
      contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002275"
      unitRef="USD">26288000</us-gaap:Goodwill>
    <us-gaap:GoodwillAndIntangibleAssetsDisclosureTextBlock contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" id="Fact002277">&lt;p id="xdx_809_eus-gaap--GoodwillAndIntangibleAssetsDisclosureTextBlock_zm0Q1W6mesXj" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Note
12&#x2014;&lt;span id="xdx_82C_zi5FYPPDx4L9"&gt;Other Intangible Assets&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_891_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfFiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsTableTextBlock_zfjj6QWVv805" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
table below presents information on the Company&#x2019;s amortized intangible assets:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8B2_zpNjNWhtG1Rl" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Company's Amortized Intangible Assets&lt;/span&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;Weighted&lt;/p&gt;
                    &lt;p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;Average&lt;/p&gt;
                    &lt;p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;Amortization&lt;/p&gt;
                    &lt;p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;Period&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;Gross&lt;/p&gt;
                                              &lt;p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;Carrying&lt;/p&gt;
                                              &lt;p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;Amount&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;Accumulated&lt;/p&gt;
                                              &lt;p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;Amortization&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;Net&lt;/p&gt;
                                              &lt;p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;Balance&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;July 31, 2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 20pt; width: 36%"&gt;Tradenames&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 12%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--AcquiredFiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsWeightedAverageUsefulLife_dtY_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis__us-gaap--TradeNamesMember_zUUxN6E4Cy4j" title="Acquired Finite-lived Intangible Assets, Weighted Average Useful Life"&gt;14.5&lt;/span&gt; years&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsGross_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis__us-gaap--TradeNamesMember_zjCjukqWISIa" style="width: 12%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Gross Carrying Amount"&gt;1,400&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAccumulatedAmortization_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis__us-gaap--TradeNamesMember_z9MTf9QwBNeg" style="width: 12%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Accumulated Amortization"&gt;(445&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNet_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis__us-gaap--TradeNamesMember_zpoU4cYA4jc4" style="width: 12%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Net Balance"&gt;955&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 20pt; text-align: left"&gt;Non-compete agreements&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--AcquiredFiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsWeightedAverageUsefulLife_dtY_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis__us-gaap--NoncompeteAgreementsMember_zxfyR2NUUl16" title="Acquired Finite-lived Intangible Assets, Weighted Average Useful Life"&gt;6.0&lt;/span&gt; years&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsGross_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis__us-gaap--NoncompeteAgreementsMember_zahnY9593S46" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Gross Carrying Amount"&gt;660&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAccumulatedAmortization_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis__us-gaap--NoncompeteAgreementsMember_zf2oNJERTMfb" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Accumulated Amortization"&gt;(266&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNet_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis__us-gaap--NoncompeteAgreementsMember_zLWqJ0L7E585" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Net Balance"&gt;394&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 20pt; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;Customer relationships&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--AcquiredFiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsWeightedAverageUsefulLife_dtY_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis__us-gaap--CustomerRelationshipsMember_z66tonLeQke2" title="Acquired Finite-lived Intangible Assets, Weighted Average Useful Life"&gt;7.5&lt;/span&gt; years&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsGross_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis__us-gaap--CustomerRelationshipsMember_zXQDO4wIBmql" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Gross Carrying Amount"&gt;11,377&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAccumulatedAmortization_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis__us-gaap--CustomerRelationshipsMember_zDVMvcjtBqrk" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Accumulated Amortization"&gt;(6,441&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNet_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis__us-gaap--CustomerRelationshipsMember_zky1GunH3bR3" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Net Balance"&gt;4,936&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;TOTAL&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--AcquiredFiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsWeightedAverageUsefulLife_dtY_c20230801__20240731_zZYaQKgd3gZ5" title="Acquired Finite-lived Intangible Assets, Weighted Average Useful Life"&gt;8.1&lt;/span&gt; years&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98A_eus-gaap--FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsGross_iI_pn3n3_c20240731_zyW7YDSFZfbc" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Gross Carrying Amount"&gt;13,437&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAccumulatedAmortization_iI_pn3n3_c20240731_zX87COTURwDe" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Accumulated Amortization"&gt;(7,152&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNet_iI_pn3n3_c20240731_zTL8ZRJGzzZ2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Net Balance"&gt;6,285&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;July 31, 2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 20pt"&gt;Tradenames&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--AcquiredFiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsWeightedAverageUsefulLife_dtY_c20220801__20230731__us-gaap--IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis__us-gaap--TradeNamesMember_ztNMRccOQw2d" title="Acquired Finite-lived Intangible Assets, Weighted Average Useful Life"&gt;10.5&lt;/span&gt; years&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98A_eus-gaap--FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsGross_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis__us-gaap--TradeNamesMember_zt1M8QBEqk1l" style="text-align: right" title="Gross Carrying Amount"&gt;2,694&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAccumulatedAmortization_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis__us-gaap--TradeNamesMember_zRtECRdykcuk" style="text-align: right" title="Accumulated Amortization"&gt;(1,005&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNet_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis__us-gaap--TradeNamesMember_zRKqE7Rqxrjf" style="text-align: right" title="Net Balance"&gt;1,689&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 20pt; text-align: left"&gt;Non-compete agreements&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--AcquiredFiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsWeightedAverageUsefulLife_dtY_c20220801__20230731__us-gaap--IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis__us-gaap--NoncompeteAgreementsMember_zNNbxfigfgyf" title="Acquired Finite-lived Intangible Assets, Weighted Average Useful Life"&gt;5.5&lt;/span&gt; years&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsGross_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis__us-gaap--NoncompeteAgreementsMember_zHBivTCE3Ml6" style="text-align: right" title="Gross Carrying Amount"&gt;1,302&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAccumulatedAmortization_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis__us-gaap--NoncompeteAgreementsMember_zLboZdDckMx6" style="text-align: right" title="Accumulated Amortization"&gt;(778&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNet_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis__us-gaap--NoncompeteAgreementsMember_zvCbbxHXaova" style="text-align: right" title="Net Balance"&gt;524&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 20pt; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;Customer relationships&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--AcquiredFiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsWeightedAverageUsefulLife_dtY_c20220801__20230731__us-gaap--IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis__us-gaap--CustomerRelationshipsMember_znrh4H9xkE7h" title="Acquired Finite-lived Intangible Assets, Weighted Average Useful Life"&gt;7.5&lt;/span&gt; years&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsGross_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis__us-gaap--CustomerRelationshipsMember_zyn5eXGH0i0i" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Gross Carrying Amount"&gt;11,511&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAccumulatedAmortization_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis__us-gaap--CustomerRelationshipsMember_zoNZPdcK4w6h" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Accumulated Amortization"&gt;(5,528&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98A_eus-gaap--FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNet_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis__us-gaap--CustomerRelationshipsMember_zFhnWM2aBHT6" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Net Balance"&gt;5,983&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;TOTAL&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--AcquiredFiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsWeightedAverageUsefulLife_dtY_c20220801__20230731_zmIeX9DWfAGl" title="Acquired Finite-lived Intangible Assets, Weighted Average Useful Life"&gt;7.9&lt;/span&gt; years&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsGross_iI_pn3n3_c20230731_zbNgSkQ0U5v1" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Gross Carrying Amount"&gt;15,507&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAccumulatedAmortization_iI_pn3n3_c20230731_zysgAkWFBMjj" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Accumulated Amortization"&gt;(7,311&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNet_iI_pn3n3_c20230731_zdBzHoW54MUk" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Net Balance"&gt;8,196&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_8A0_z3eXwrHpiRdk" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;In
March 2024, the Company completed a portion of the integration of the Leaf Wallet platform into the BOSS Money app, including replacing
the Leaf tradename with BOSS Money. The Leaf tradename balance of $&lt;span id="xdx_90B_ecustom--LossOnDisposalOfIntangibleAsset_pn5n6_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis__us-gaap--TradeNamesMember_zXqnx6lCj2Zf" title="Loss on disposal of intangible assets"&gt;0.1&lt;/span&gt; million was written-off in fiscal 2024.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Amortization
expense of intangible assets was $&lt;span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--AmortizationOfIntangibleAssets_pn5n6_c20230801__20240731_zbCK70SUfGJ9" title="Amortization of intangible assets"&gt;1.3&lt;/span&gt; million, $&lt;span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--AmortizationOfIntangibleAssets_pn5n6_c20220801__20230731_zA5vndXQfvHc" title="Amortization of intangible assets"&gt;1.5&lt;/span&gt; million, and $&lt;span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--AmortizationOfIntangibleAssets_pn5n6_c20210801__20220731_zS1EfDFQ1jPj" title="Amortization of intangible assets"&gt;1.3&lt;/span&gt; million in fiscal 2024, fiscal 2023, and fiscal 2022, respectively.
The Company estimates that amortization expense of intangible assets with finite lives will be $&lt;span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseNextTwelveMonths_iI_pn5n6_c20240731_zJ8gQMJdxbCe" title="Amortization expense of intangible assets in fiscal 2025"&gt;1.2&lt;/span&gt; million, $&lt;span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseYearTwo_iI_pn5n6_c20240731_zeYYRUg1vOhj" title="Amortization expense of intangible assets in fiscal 2026"&gt;1.2&lt;/span&gt; million, $&lt;span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseYearThree_iI_pn5n6_c20240731_zxzpygX5djb1" title="Amortization expense of intangible assets in fiscal 2027"&gt;1.1&lt;/span&gt; million,
$&lt;span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseYearFour_iI_pn5n6_c20240731_zzfOIJyGQem4" title="Amortization expense of intangible assets in fiscal 2028"&gt;1.0&lt;/span&gt; million, and $&lt;span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAmortizationExpenseYearFive_iI_pn5n6_c20240731_zsoHktZq9yja" title="Amortization expense of intangible assets in fiscal 2029"&gt;0.6&lt;/span&gt; million in fiscal 2025, fiscal 2026, fiscal 2027, fiscal 2028, and fiscal 2029, respectively.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</us-gaap:GoodwillAndIntangibleAssetsDisclosureTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:ScheduleOfFiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsTableTextBlock contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" id="Fact002279">&lt;p id="xdx_891_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfFiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsTableTextBlock_zfjj6QWVv805" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
table below presents information on the Company&#x2019;s amortized intangible assets:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8B2_zpNjNWhtG1Rl" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Company's Amortized Intangible Assets&lt;/span&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;Weighted&lt;/p&gt;
                    &lt;p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;Average&lt;/p&gt;
                    &lt;p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;Amortization&lt;/p&gt;
                    &lt;p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;Period&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;Gross&lt;/p&gt;
                                              &lt;p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;Carrying&lt;/p&gt;
                                              &lt;p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;Amount&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;Accumulated&lt;/p&gt;
                                              &lt;p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;Amortization&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;Net&lt;/p&gt;
                                              &lt;p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;Balance&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;July 31, 2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 20pt; width: 36%"&gt;Tradenames&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 12%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--AcquiredFiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsWeightedAverageUsefulLife_dtY_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis__us-gaap--TradeNamesMember_zUUxN6E4Cy4j" title="Acquired Finite-lived Intangible Assets, Weighted Average Useful Life"&gt;14.5&lt;/span&gt; years&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsGross_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis__us-gaap--TradeNamesMember_zjCjukqWISIa" style="width: 12%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Gross Carrying Amount"&gt;1,400&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAccumulatedAmortization_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis__us-gaap--TradeNamesMember_z9MTf9QwBNeg" style="width: 12%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Accumulated Amortization"&gt;(445&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNet_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis__us-gaap--TradeNamesMember_zpoU4cYA4jc4" style="width: 12%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Net Balance"&gt;955&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 20pt; text-align: left"&gt;Non-compete agreements&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--AcquiredFiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsWeightedAverageUsefulLife_dtY_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis__us-gaap--NoncompeteAgreementsMember_zxfyR2NUUl16" title="Acquired Finite-lived Intangible Assets, Weighted Average Useful Life"&gt;6.0&lt;/span&gt; years&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsGross_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis__us-gaap--NoncompeteAgreementsMember_zahnY9593S46" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Gross Carrying Amount"&gt;660&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAccumulatedAmortization_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis__us-gaap--NoncompeteAgreementsMember_zf2oNJERTMfb" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Accumulated Amortization"&gt;(266&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNet_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis__us-gaap--NoncompeteAgreementsMember_zLWqJ0L7E585" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Net Balance"&gt;394&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 20pt; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;Customer relationships&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--AcquiredFiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsWeightedAverageUsefulLife_dtY_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis__us-gaap--CustomerRelationshipsMember_z66tonLeQke2" title="Acquired Finite-lived Intangible Assets, Weighted Average Useful Life"&gt;7.5&lt;/span&gt; years&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsGross_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis__us-gaap--CustomerRelationshipsMember_zXQDO4wIBmql" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Gross Carrying Amount"&gt;11,377&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAccumulatedAmortization_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis__us-gaap--CustomerRelationshipsMember_zDVMvcjtBqrk" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Accumulated Amortization"&gt;(6,441&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNet_iI_pn3n3_c20240731__us-gaap--IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis__us-gaap--CustomerRelationshipsMember_zky1GunH3bR3" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Net Balance"&gt;4,936&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;TOTAL&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--AcquiredFiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsWeightedAverageUsefulLife_dtY_c20230801__20240731_zZYaQKgd3gZ5" title="Acquired Finite-lived Intangible Assets, Weighted Average Useful Life"&gt;8.1&lt;/span&gt; years&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98A_eus-gaap--FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsGross_iI_pn3n3_c20240731_zyW7YDSFZfbc" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Gross Carrying Amount"&gt;13,437&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAccumulatedAmortization_iI_pn3n3_c20240731_zX87COTURwDe" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Accumulated Amortization"&gt;(7,152&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNet_iI_pn3n3_c20240731_zTL8ZRJGzzZ2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Net Balance"&gt;6,285&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;July 31, 2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 20pt"&gt;Tradenames&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--AcquiredFiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsWeightedAverageUsefulLife_dtY_c20220801__20230731__us-gaap--IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis__us-gaap--TradeNamesMember_ztNMRccOQw2d" title="Acquired Finite-lived Intangible Assets, Weighted Average Useful Life"&gt;10.5&lt;/span&gt; years&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98A_eus-gaap--FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsGross_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis__us-gaap--TradeNamesMember_zt1M8QBEqk1l" style="text-align: right" title="Gross Carrying Amount"&gt;2,694&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAccumulatedAmortization_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis__us-gaap--TradeNamesMember_zRtECRdykcuk" style="text-align: right" title="Accumulated Amortization"&gt;(1,005&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNet_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis__us-gaap--TradeNamesMember_zRKqE7Rqxrjf" style="text-align: right" title="Net Balance"&gt;1,689&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 20pt; text-align: left"&gt;Non-compete agreements&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--AcquiredFiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsWeightedAverageUsefulLife_dtY_c20220801__20230731__us-gaap--IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis__us-gaap--NoncompeteAgreementsMember_zNNbxfigfgyf" title="Acquired Finite-lived Intangible Assets, Weighted Average Useful Life"&gt;5.5&lt;/span&gt; years&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsGross_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis__us-gaap--NoncompeteAgreementsMember_zHBivTCE3Ml6" style="text-align: right" title="Gross Carrying Amount"&gt;1,302&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAccumulatedAmortization_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis__us-gaap--NoncompeteAgreementsMember_zLboZdDckMx6" style="text-align: right" title="Accumulated Amortization"&gt;(778&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNet_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis__us-gaap--NoncompeteAgreementsMember_zvCbbxHXaova" style="text-align: right" title="Net Balance"&gt;524&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 20pt; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;Customer relationships&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--AcquiredFiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsWeightedAverageUsefulLife_dtY_c20220801__20230731__us-gaap--IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis__us-gaap--CustomerRelationshipsMember_znrh4H9xkE7h" title="Acquired Finite-lived Intangible Assets, Weighted Average Useful Life"&gt;7.5&lt;/span&gt; years&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsGross_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis__us-gaap--CustomerRelationshipsMember_zyn5eXGH0i0i" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Gross Carrying Amount"&gt;11,511&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAccumulatedAmortization_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis__us-gaap--CustomerRelationshipsMember_zoNZPdcK4w6h" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Accumulated Amortization"&gt;(5,528&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98A_eus-gaap--FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNet_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--IndefiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsByMajorClassAxis__us-gaap--CustomerRelationshipsMember_zFhnWM2aBHT6" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Net Balance"&gt;5,983&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;TOTAL&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--AcquiredFiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsWeightedAverageUsefulLife_dtY_c20220801__20230731_zmIeX9DWfAGl" title="Acquired Finite-lived Intangible Assets, Weighted Average Useful Life"&gt;7.9&lt;/span&gt; years&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsGross_iI_pn3n3_c20230731_zbNgSkQ0U5v1" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Gross Carrying Amount"&gt;15,507&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAccumulatedAmortization_iI_pn3n3_c20230731_zysgAkWFBMjj" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Accumulated Amortization"&gt;(7,311&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNet_iI_pn3n3_c20230731_zdBzHoW54MUk" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Net Balance"&gt;8,196&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

</us-gaap:ScheduleOfFiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsTableTextBlock>
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      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002295"
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      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002303"
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      id="Fact002311"
      unitRef="USD">6285000</us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNet>
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      contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31_us-gaap_TradeNamesMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002315"
      unitRef="USD">2694000</us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsGross>
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      decimals="-3"
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      unitRef="USD">-1005000</us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsAccumulatedAmortization>
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      decimals="-3"
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      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002323"
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      contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31_us-gaap_NoncompeteAgreementsMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002327"
      unitRef="USD">524000</us-gaap:FiniteLivedIntangibleAssetsNet>
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      contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31_us-gaap_CustomerRelationshipsMember"
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    <us-gaap:AmortizationOfIntangibleAssets
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    <us-gaap:VariableInterestEntityDisclosureTextBlock contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" id="Fact002363">&lt;p id="xdx_804_eus-gaap--VariableInterestEntityDisclosureTextBlock_zAWBbJfUv5xl" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Note
13&#x2014;&lt;span id="xdx_82A_z3J0ovScr496"&gt;Variable Interest Entity&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company is the primary beneficiary of a variable interest entity (&#x201c;VIE&#x201d;) that operates money transfer businesses. The Company
determined that, effective May 31, 2021, it had the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact its economic
performance, and the Company has the obligation to absorb losses of and the right to receive benefits from the VIE that could potentially
be significant to it. As a result, the Company consolidates the VIE. The Company does not currently own any interest in the VIE and thus
the net income incurred by the VIE was attributed to noncontrolling interests in the accompanying statements of income.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_890_esrt--ScheduleOfCondensedIncomeStatementTableTextBlock_zMWQcU0t29Pd" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
VIE&#x2019;s net income and aggregate funding provided by (repaid to) the Company were as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8B7_znFEpkVVFWJ7" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Net Income and Aggregate Funding Repaid to the Company by VIE&lt;/span&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: left; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;Year ended July 31&lt;/p&gt;
        &lt;p style="text-align: left; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_495_20230801__20240731_zyseFBboosz6" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_491_20220801__20230731_zrhKQaS9ygbl" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49A_20210801__20220731_zbWtpmRWopCg" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2022&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_409_ecustom--VariableInterestEntityNetIncomeLosstAmount_pn3n3_zz1w2oEptvp" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 52%; text-align: left"&gt;Net income of the VIE&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 2%; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 12%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;513&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;322&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;248&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_408_ecustom--VariableInterestEntityAggregateFundingRepaidToProvidedByReportingEntity_pn3n3_zosGtPDOL9J6" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;Aggregate funding provided by (repaid to) the Company, net&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;215&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;112&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(94&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_8AB_zP41wAtWGin3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_89B_esrt--ScheduleOfCondensedBalanceSheetTableTextBlock_zAcjuMEEO2Vl" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
VIE&#x2019;s summarized consolidated balance sheet amounts are as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8BE_z8sNDRAUcAD3" style="display: none"&gt;VIE&#x2019;s Summarized Consolidated Balance Sheet&lt;/span&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;July 31&lt;/p&gt;
                                                                 &lt;p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49B_20240731__srt--ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis__us-gaap--VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_zVayfjMMeBBh" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49A_20230731__srt--ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis__us-gaap--VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_zrMq9SNLYi76" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;ASSETS&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_iI_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 60%; text-align: left"&gt;Cash and cash equivalents&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 16%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;2,626&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 16%; text-align: right"&gt;1,596&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--RestrictedCashCurrent_iI_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Restricted cash&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;7,426&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;7,848&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--ReceivablesNetCurrent_iI_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Trade accounts receivable, net&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;74&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;62&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40B_ecustom--DisbursementPrefunding_iI_pn3n3_zNXe3JRH07id" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Disbursement prefunding&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;2,587&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;585&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--PrepaidExpenseCurrent_iI_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Prepaid expenses&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;258&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;197&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--OtherAssetsCurrent_iI_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Other current assets&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;294&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;317&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet_iI_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Property, plant, and equipment, net&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;179&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;272&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--OtherIntangibleAssetsNet_iI_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Other intangibles, net&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;584&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;737&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--Assets_iI_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;TOTAL ASSETS&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;14,028&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;11,614&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;LIABILITIES AND NONCONTROLLING INTERESTS&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--AccountsPayableCurrent_iI_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Trade accounts payable&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;4&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2405"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent_iI_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Accrued expenses&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;124&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;70&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40A_eus-gaap--SettlementLiabilitiesCurrent_iI_pn3n3_zrarVnPBD793" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Settlement liabilities&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;9,195&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;7,573&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent_iI_pn3n3_hus-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__us-gaap--RelatedPartyMember_zmLDndm4HNWk" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Due to the Company&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;241&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;26&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_403_eus-gaap--AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_iI_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Accumulated other comprehensive income&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;27&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;21&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--MinorityInterest_iI_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Noncontrolling interests&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;4,437&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;3,924&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity_iI_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;TOTAL LIABILITIES AND NONCONTROLLING INTERESTS&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;14,028&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;11,614&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_8A6_zHw0vFQZHdH4" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
VIE&#x2019;s assets may only be used to settle the VIE&#x2019;s obligations and may not be used for other consolidated entities. The VIE&#x2019;s
liabilities are non-recourse to the general credit of the Company&#x2019;s other consolidated entities.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</us-gaap:VariableInterestEntityDisclosureTextBlock>
    <srt:ScheduleOfCondensedIncomeStatementTableTextBlock contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" id="Fact002365">&lt;p id="xdx_890_esrt--ScheduleOfCondensedIncomeStatementTableTextBlock_zMWQcU0t29Pd" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
VIE&#x2019;s net income and aggregate funding provided by (repaid to) the Company were as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8B7_znFEpkVVFWJ7" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Net Income and Aggregate Funding Repaid to the Company by VIE&lt;/span&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: left; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;Year ended July 31&lt;/p&gt;
        &lt;p style="text-align: left; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_495_20230801__20240731_zyseFBboosz6" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_491_20220801__20230731_zrhKQaS9ygbl" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49A_20210801__20220731_zbWtpmRWopCg" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2022&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_409_ecustom--VariableInterestEntityNetIncomeLosstAmount_pn3n3_zz1w2oEptvp" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 52%; text-align: left"&gt;Net income of the VIE&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 2%; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 12%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;513&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;322&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;248&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_408_ecustom--VariableInterestEntityAggregateFundingRepaidToProvidedByReportingEntity_pn3n3_zosGtPDOL9J6" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;Aggregate funding provided by (repaid to) the Company, net&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;215&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;112&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(94&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

</srt:ScheduleOfCondensedIncomeStatementTableTextBlock>
    <IDT:VariableInterestEntityNetIncomeLosstAmount
      contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002367"
      unitRef="USD">513000</IDT:VariableInterestEntityNetIncomeLosstAmount>
    <IDT:VariableInterestEntityNetIncomeLosstAmount
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002368"
      unitRef="USD">322000</IDT:VariableInterestEntityNetIncomeLosstAmount>
    <IDT:VariableInterestEntityNetIncomeLosstAmount
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002369"
      unitRef="USD">248000</IDT:VariableInterestEntityNetIncomeLosstAmount>
    <IDT:VariableInterestEntityAggregateFundingRepaidToProvidedByReportingEntity
      contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002371"
      unitRef="USD">215000</IDT:VariableInterestEntityAggregateFundingRepaidToProvidedByReportingEntity>
    <IDT:VariableInterestEntityAggregateFundingRepaidToProvidedByReportingEntity
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002372"
      unitRef="USD">112000</IDT:VariableInterestEntityAggregateFundingRepaidToProvidedByReportingEntity>
    <IDT:VariableInterestEntityAggregateFundingRepaidToProvidedByReportingEntity
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002373"
      unitRef="USD">-94000</IDT:VariableInterestEntityAggregateFundingRepaidToProvidedByReportingEntity>
    <srt:ScheduleOfCondensedBalanceSheetTableTextBlock contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" id="Fact002375">&lt;p id="xdx_89B_esrt--ScheduleOfCondensedBalanceSheetTableTextBlock_zAcjuMEEO2Vl" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
VIE&#x2019;s summarized consolidated balance sheet amounts are as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8BE_z8sNDRAUcAD3" style="display: none"&gt;VIE&#x2019;s Summarized Consolidated Balance Sheet&lt;/span&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;July 31&lt;/p&gt;
                                                                 &lt;p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49B_20240731__srt--ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis__us-gaap--VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_zVayfjMMeBBh" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49A_20230731__srt--ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis__us-gaap--VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_zrMq9SNLYi76" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;ASSETS&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_iI_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 60%; text-align: left"&gt;Cash and cash equivalents&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 16%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;2,626&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 16%; text-align: right"&gt;1,596&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--RestrictedCashCurrent_iI_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Restricted cash&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;7,426&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;7,848&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--ReceivablesNetCurrent_iI_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Trade accounts receivable, net&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;74&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;62&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40B_ecustom--DisbursementPrefunding_iI_pn3n3_zNXe3JRH07id" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Disbursement prefunding&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;2,587&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;585&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--PrepaidExpenseCurrent_iI_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Prepaid expenses&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;258&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;197&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--OtherAssetsCurrent_iI_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Other current assets&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;294&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;317&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet_iI_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
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    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;179&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;272&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--OtherIntangibleAssetsNet_iI_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Other intangibles, net&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;584&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;737&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
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  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
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    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
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    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;4&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2405"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent_iI_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Accrued expenses&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;124&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;70&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
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    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;9,195&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;7,573&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent_iI_pn3n3_hus-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__us-gaap--RelatedPartyMember_zmLDndm4HNWk" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Due to the Company&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;241&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;26&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_403_eus-gaap--AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_iI_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Accumulated other comprehensive income&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;27&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;21&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--MinorityInterest_iI_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Noncontrolling interests&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;4,437&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;3,924&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity_iI_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;TOTAL LIABILITIES AND NONCONTROLLING INTERESTS&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;14,028&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;11,614&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

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14&#x2014;&lt;span id="xdx_828_zy0sewv1mBik"&gt;Other Operating Expense, Net&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

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following table summarizes the other operating expense, net by business segment:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8B7_zhTKIzbogrJh" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Other Operating (Expense) Gain, Net&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: left; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;Year ended July 31&lt;/p&gt;
        &lt;p style="text-align: left; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49C_20230801__20240731_z7fKI964zIcd" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_495_20220801__20230731_zMY1TjkmJI1d" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_492_20210801__20220731_z0R9IZ9sSOs7" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2022&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
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    &lt;td style="width: 52%; text-align: left"&gt;Corporate &#x2014;Straight Path Communications Inc. class action legal fees&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 12%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;(7,237&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;(5,785&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;(7,671&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--UnusualOrInfrequentItemInsuranceProceeds_pn3n3_maOOIENzGym_zNqojmoLR5s1" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Corporate &#x2014;Straight Path Communications Inc. class action insurance claims&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;2,869&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;3,845&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;6,635&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--IncomeTaxCreditsAndAdjustments_iN_pn3n3_di_msOOIENzGym_z5Tq7YO7KTt9" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Corporate&#x2014;Grow New Jersey Assistance Act tax credit&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2437"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;1,600&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2439"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_408_ecustom--CorporateOther_iN_pn3n3_di_msOOIENzGym_zJ0vRYiDcSIa" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;Corporate&#x2014;other&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;12&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2442"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2443"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40C_ecustom--LossOnDisposalOfIntangibleAsset_iN_pn3n3_di_msOOIENzGym_zEJaPEIFsQVb" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Fintech&#x2014;write-off of intangible asset&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;(74&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2446"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2447"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_405_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability1_iN_pn3n3_di_hus-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionAxis__custom--FintechMember_msOOIENzGym_zLBQ6eHjeI3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Fintech&#x2014;write-off of contingent consideration liability&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;1,765&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;1,565&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2451"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_407_ecustom--FintechgovernmentGrants_pn3n3_maOOIENzGym_zDcesbuGqna5" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Fintech&#x2014;government grants&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2453"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;382&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;20&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40D_ecustom--WriteoffOfTelephoneEquipment_iN_pn3n3_di_hus-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionAxis__custom--Net2phoneMember_msOOIENzGym_zsqGodGIyjWi" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;net2phone&#x2014;write-off of telephone equipment&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2457"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(133&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2459"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability1_iN_pn3n3_di_hus-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionAxis__custom--Net2phoneMember_msOOIENzGym_zrukuJ6UAeHg" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;net2phone&#x2014;write-off of contingent consideration liability&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;73&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2462"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;303&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40B_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability1_iN_pn3n3_di_hus-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionAxis__custom--Net2phoneMember_msOOIENzGym_zcTcSDYERgGg" style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;write-off of contingent consideration liability&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;73&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2466"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;303&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr id="xdx_404_ecustom--Net2phoneother_iN_pn3n3_di_hus-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionAxis__custom--Net2phoneMember_msOOIENzGym_zf5kDt9jHKkb" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;net2phone&#x2014;other&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;(17&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2470"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(10&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_403_ecustom--NationalRetailSolutionsWriteOffOfCapitalizedInternalUseSoftwareCosts_pn3n3_maOOIENzGym_zR8Z1o5aRsJi" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;National Retail Solutions&#x2014;write-off of capitalized internal use software costs&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;(45&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2474"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2475"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40F_ecustom--NationalRetailSolutionsOther_pn3n3_maOOIENzGym_zZhhLx4zu3A4" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;National Retail Solutions&#x2014;other&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;(105&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2478"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2479"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_408_ecustom--TraditionalCommunicationswriteoffOfCapitalizedInternalUseSoftwareCosts_pn3n3_maOOIENzGym_zmt3hXT8KWd7" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Traditional Communications&#x2014;write-off of capitalized internal use software costs&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;(237&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(1,419&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2483"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40A_ecustom--TraditionalCommunicationsCableTelephonyCustomerIndemnificationClaim_pn3n3_maOOIENzGym_z8Po1WJ7xk5l" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Traditional Communications&#x2014;cable telephony customer indemnification claim&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2485"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(3,925&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(96&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_400_ecustom--TraditionalCommunicationsContingentConsiderationLiability_pn3n3_maOOIENzGym_zCRWSCqqWFb1" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Traditional Communications&#x2014;increase in contingent consideration liability&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2489"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(216&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2491"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_408_ecustom--TraditionalCommunicationsOther_pn3n3_maOOIENzGym_znlXbx83Dggj" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;Traditional Communications&#x2014;other&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;51&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(329&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(7&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseNet_iT_pn3n3_mtOOIENzGym_zwZwRThI03ri" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;TOTAL&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;(2,945&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(4,415&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(826&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_8A7_zE31khGziyYk" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#160;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Straight
Path Communications Inc. Class Action&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;As
discussed in Note 23, the Company (as well as other defendants) was named in a class action on behalf of the stockholders of the Company&#x2019;s
former subsidiary, Straight Path Communications Inc. (&#x201c;Straight Path&#x201d;). The Company incurred legal fees and recorded offsetting
gains from insurance claims related to this action in fiscal 2024, fiscal 2023, and fiscal 2022. In fiscal 2024, the Company received
the final payment from its insurance policy for these claims. On October 3, 2023, the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware dismissed
all claims against the Company, and found that, contrary to the plaintiffs&#x2019; allegations, the class suffered no damages. The plaintiffs
will have 30 days from entry of the final order to file an appeal.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#160;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Grow
New Jersey Assistance Act Tax Credit&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;In
September 2017, the Company, the Company&#x2019;s subsidiary IDT Domestic Telecom, Inc. (&#x201c;IDT DT&#x201d;), and certain other affiliates
were certified by the New Jersey Economic Development Authority (&#x201c;NJEDA&#x201d;) as having met the requirements of the Grow New
Jersey Assistance Act Tax Credit Program. The program provides for credits against a corporation&#x2019;s New Jersey corporate business
tax liability for maintaining a minimum number of employees in New Jersey, and that tax credits may be sold subject to certain conditions.
On June 5, 2023, the Company received a 2019 tax credit certificate for $&lt;span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--TaxCreditCarryforwardAmount_iI_pn5n6_c20230605__us-gaap--IncomeTaxAuthorityNameAxis__custom--NewJerseyEconomicDevelopmentAuthorityMember_z0CVthl6Wb03" title="Tax credit"&gt;1.8&lt;/span&gt; million from the NJEDA. In August 2023, the Company sold
the certificate for cash of $&lt;span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--Cash_iI_pn5n6_c20230831__us-gaap--IncomeTaxAuthorityNameAxis__custom--NewJerseyEconomicDevelopmentAuthorityMember_z7TyoBp7SEMd" title="Cash"&gt;1.6&lt;/span&gt; million.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Contingent
Consideration Liabilities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;In
fiscal 2024 and fiscal 2023, the Company determined that the requirements for the contingent consideration payments related to the
Leaf acquisition would likely not be met. The Company recognized gains in the Fintech segment of $&lt;span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability1_pn5n6_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--FintechMember_z506MEHONkKd"&gt;1.8&lt;/span&gt;
million and $&lt;span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability1_pn5n6_c20220801__20230731__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--FintechMember_zEkD53X3ZRC7"&gt;1.6 &lt;/span&gt;million
in fiscal 2024 and fiscal 2023, respectively, on the write-off of these contingent consideration payment obligations. Also, in
fiscal 2024 and fiscal 2022, the Company determined that the requirements for contingent consideration payments related to an
acquisition in a prior period would not be met. The Company recognized gains in the net2phone segment of $&lt;span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability1_pn5n6_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--Net2phoneMember_zzno0gm0kAD1"&gt;0.1&lt;/span&gt;
million and $&lt;span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability1_pn5n6_c20210801__20220731__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--Net2phoneMember_zGlJFynz52e1"&gt;0.3&lt;/span&gt;
million in fiscal 2024 and fiscal 2022, respectively, on the write-off of these contingent consideration payment obligations. In
fiscal 2023, the Company increased the estimated fair value of acquisition-related contingent consideration in its Traditional
Communications segment by $&lt;span id="xdx_900_ecustom--TraditionalCommunicationsContingentConsiderationLiability_pn5n6_c20220801__20230731__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--TraditionalCommunicationsSegmentMember_zrDVaJggtd9a" title="Estimated fair value of acquisition related contingent consideration liability"&gt;0.2&lt;/span&gt;
million.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Government
Grants&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;In
fiscal 2023 and fiscal 2022, Leaf received payments from government grants for the development and commercialization of blockchain-backed
financial technologies.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Write-off
of Capitalized Internal Use Software Costs&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font: normal 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font: normal 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;In
fiscal 2024 and fiscal 2023, the Company reduced its unamortized capitalized internal use software costs for internal use software that
was taken out of service and recorded expense of $&lt;span id="xdx_907_ecustom--WriteOffOfCapitalizedInternalUseSoftwareCosts_pn5n6_c20230801__20240731_ztgvuSLdHgc3" title="Write-off of capitalized internal use software costs"&gt;0.3 &lt;/span&gt;million and $&lt;span id="xdx_903_ecustom--WriteOffOfCapitalizedInternalUseSoftwareCosts_pn5n6_c20220801__20230731_zZ5oGJZeTZp5" title="Write-off of capitalized internal use software costs"&gt;1.4&lt;/span&gt; million, respectively.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Indemnification
Claim&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Beginning
in June 2019, as part of a commercial resolution, the Company indemnified a cable telephony customer related to patent infringement claims
brought against the customer. On May 8, 2023, the Company and the customer agreed to release the Company from the indemnification agreement
in exchange for $&lt;span id="xdx_900_ecustom--TraditionalCommunicationsCableTelephonyCustomerIndemnificationClaim_pn5n6_c20230508__20230508__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--IndemnificationAgreementMember_zjpC7u3gaAl3" title="Traditional communications cable telephony customer indemnification claim"&gt;3.9&lt;/span&gt; million.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;



&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</us-gaap:OtherOperatingIncomeAndExpenseTextBlock>
    <IDT:ScheduleOfOtherOperatingExpensesGainsNetTableTextBlock contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" id="Fact002427">&lt;p id="xdx_892_ecustom--ScheduleOfOtherOperatingExpensesGainsNetTableTextBlock_z6qRCs4T52Mk" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
following table summarizes the other operating expense, net by business segment:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8B7_zhTKIzbogrJh" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Other Operating (Expense) Gain, Net&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: left; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;Year ended July 31&lt;/p&gt;
        &lt;p style="text-align: left; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49C_20230801__20240731_z7fKI964zIcd" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_495_20220801__20230731_zMY1TjkmJI1d" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_492_20210801__20220731_z0R9IZ9sSOs7" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2022&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40A_eus-gaap--LegalFees_iN_pn3n3_di_msOOIENzGym_zNc1I09GEFjd" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 52%; text-align: left"&gt;Corporate &#x2014;Straight Path Communications Inc. class action legal fees&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 12%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;(7,237&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;(5,785&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;(7,671&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--UnusualOrInfrequentItemInsuranceProceeds_pn3n3_maOOIENzGym_zNqojmoLR5s1" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Corporate &#x2014;Straight Path Communications Inc. class action insurance claims&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;2,869&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;3,845&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;6,635&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--IncomeTaxCreditsAndAdjustments_iN_pn3n3_di_msOOIENzGym_z5Tq7YO7KTt9" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Corporate&#x2014;Grow New Jersey Assistance Act tax credit&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2437"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;1,600&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2439"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_408_ecustom--CorporateOther_iN_pn3n3_di_msOOIENzGym_zJ0vRYiDcSIa" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;Corporate&#x2014;other&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;12&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2442"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2443"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40C_ecustom--LossOnDisposalOfIntangibleAsset_iN_pn3n3_di_msOOIENzGym_zEJaPEIFsQVb" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Fintech&#x2014;write-off of intangible asset&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;(74&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2446"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2447"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_405_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability1_iN_pn3n3_di_hus-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionAxis__custom--FintechMember_msOOIENzGym_zLBQ6eHjeI3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Fintech&#x2014;write-off of contingent consideration liability&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;1,765&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;1,565&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2451"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_407_ecustom--FintechgovernmentGrants_pn3n3_maOOIENzGym_zDcesbuGqna5" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Fintech&#x2014;government grants&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2453"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;382&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;20&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40D_ecustom--WriteoffOfTelephoneEquipment_iN_pn3n3_di_hus-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionAxis__custom--Net2phoneMember_msOOIENzGym_zsqGodGIyjWi" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;net2phone&#x2014;write-off of telephone equipment&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2457"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(133&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2459"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability1_iN_pn3n3_di_hus-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionAxis__custom--Net2phoneMember_msOOIENzGym_zrukuJ6UAeHg" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;net2phone&#x2014;write-off of contingent consideration liability&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;73&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2462"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;303&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40B_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability1_iN_pn3n3_di_hus-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionAxis__custom--Net2phoneMember_msOOIENzGym_zcTcSDYERgGg" style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;write-off of contingent consideration liability&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;73&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2466"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;303&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr id="xdx_404_ecustom--Net2phoneother_iN_pn3n3_di_hus-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionAxis__custom--Net2phoneMember_msOOIENzGym_zf5kDt9jHKkb" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;net2phone&#x2014;other&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;(17&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2470"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(10&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_403_ecustom--NationalRetailSolutionsWriteOffOfCapitalizedInternalUseSoftwareCosts_pn3n3_maOOIENzGym_zR8Z1o5aRsJi" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;National Retail Solutions&#x2014;write-off of capitalized internal use software costs&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;(45&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2474"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2475"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40F_ecustom--NationalRetailSolutionsOther_pn3n3_maOOIENzGym_zZhhLx4zu3A4" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;National Retail Solutions&#x2014;other&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;(105&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2478"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2479"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_408_ecustom--TraditionalCommunicationswriteoffOfCapitalizedInternalUseSoftwareCosts_pn3n3_maOOIENzGym_zmt3hXT8KWd7" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Traditional Communications&#x2014;write-off of capitalized internal use software costs&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;(237&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(1,419&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2483"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40A_ecustom--TraditionalCommunicationsCableTelephonyCustomerIndemnificationClaim_pn3n3_maOOIENzGym_z8Po1WJ7xk5l" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Traditional Communications&#x2014;cable telephony customer indemnification claim&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2485"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(3,925&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(96&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_400_ecustom--TraditionalCommunicationsContingentConsiderationLiability_pn3n3_maOOIENzGym_zCRWSCqqWFb1" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Traditional Communications&#x2014;increase in contingent consideration liability&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2489"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(216&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2491"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_408_ecustom--TraditionalCommunicationsOther_pn3n3_maOOIENzGym_znlXbx83Dggj" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;Traditional Communications&#x2014;other&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;51&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(329&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(7&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseNet_iT_pn3n3_mtOOIENzGym_zwZwRThI03ri" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;TOTAL&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;(2,945&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(4,415&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(826&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

</IDT:ScheduleOfOtherOperatingExpensesGainsNetTableTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:LegalFees
      contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002429"
      unitRef="USD">7237000</us-gaap:LegalFees>
    <us-gaap:LegalFees
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002430"
      unitRef="USD">5785000</us-gaap:LegalFees>
    <us-gaap:LegalFees
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002431"
      unitRef="USD">7671000</us-gaap:LegalFees>
    <us-gaap:UnusualOrInfrequentItemInsuranceProceeds
      contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002433"
      unitRef="USD">2869000</us-gaap:UnusualOrInfrequentItemInsuranceProceeds>
    <us-gaap:UnusualOrInfrequentItemInsuranceProceeds
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002434"
      unitRef="USD">3845000</us-gaap:UnusualOrInfrequentItemInsuranceProceeds>
    <us-gaap:UnusualOrInfrequentItemInsuranceProceeds
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002435"
      unitRef="USD">6635000</us-gaap:UnusualOrInfrequentItemInsuranceProceeds>
    <us-gaap:IncomeTaxCreditsAndAdjustments
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002438"
      unitRef="USD">-1600000</us-gaap:IncomeTaxCreditsAndAdjustments>
    <IDT:CorporateOther
      contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002441"
      unitRef="USD">-12000</IDT:CorporateOther>
    <IDT:LossOnDisposalOfIntangibleAsset
      contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002445"
      unitRef="USD">74000</IDT:LossOnDisposalOfIntangibleAsset>
    <us-gaap:BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability1
      contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_custom_FintechMember106798031"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002449"
      unitRef="USD">-1765000</us-gaap:BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability1>
    <us-gaap:BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability1
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31_custom_FintechMember106798031"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002450"
      unitRef="USD">-1565000</us-gaap:BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability1>
    <IDT:FintechgovernmentGrants
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002454"
      unitRef="USD">382000</IDT:FintechgovernmentGrants>
    <IDT:FintechgovernmentGrants
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002455"
      unitRef="USD">20000</IDT:FintechgovernmentGrants>
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      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31_custom_Net2phoneMember106798062"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002458"
      unitRef="USD">133000</IDT:WriteoffOfTelephoneEquipment>
    <us-gaap:BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability1
      contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_custom_Net2phoneMember106798062"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002461"
      unitRef="USD">-73000</us-gaap:BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability1>
    <us-gaap:BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability1
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31_custom_Net2phoneMember106798062"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002463"
      unitRef="USD">-303000</us-gaap:BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability1>
    <us-gaap:BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability1
      contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_custom_Net2phoneMember106798062"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002465"
      unitRef="USD">-73000</us-gaap:BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability1>
    <us-gaap:BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability1
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31_custom_Net2phoneMember106798062"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002467"
      unitRef="USD">-303000</us-gaap:BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability1>
    <IDT:Net2phoneother
      contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_custom_Net2phoneMember106798062"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002469"
      unitRef="USD">17000</IDT:Net2phoneother>
    <IDT:Net2phoneother
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31_custom_Net2phoneMember106798062"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002471"
      unitRef="USD">10000</IDT:Net2phoneother>
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      contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002473"
      unitRef="USD">-45000</IDT:NationalRetailSolutionsWriteOffOfCapitalizedInternalUseSoftwareCosts>
    <IDT:NationalRetailSolutionsOther
      contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002477"
      unitRef="USD">-105000</IDT:NationalRetailSolutionsOther>
    <IDT:TraditionalCommunicationswriteoffOfCapitalizedInternalUseSoftwareCosts
      contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002481"
      unitRef="USD">-237000</IDT:TraditionalCommunicationswriteoffOfCapitalizedInternalUseSoftwareCosts>
    <IDT:TraditionalCommunicationswriteoffOfCapitalizedInternalUseSoftwareCosts
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002482"
      unitRef="USD">-1419000</IDT:TraditionalCommunicationswriteoffOfCapitalizedInternalUseSoftwareCosts>
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      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002486"
      unitRef="USD">-3925000</IDT:TraditionalCommunicationsCableTelephonyCustomerIndemnificationClaim>
    <IDT:TraditionalCommunicationsCableTelephonyCustomerIndemnificationClaim
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002487"
      unitRef="USD">-96000</IDT:TraditionalCommunicationsCableTelephonyCustomerIndemnificationClaim>
    <IDT:TraditionalCommunicationsContingentConsiderationLiability
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002490"
      unitRef="USD">-216000</IDT:TraditionalCommunicationsContingentConsiderationLiability>
    <IDT:TraditionalCommunicationsOther
      contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002493"
      unitRef="USD">51000</IDT:TraditionalCommunicationsOther>
    <IDT:TraditionalCommunicationsOther
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002494"
      unitRef="USD">-329000</IDT:TraditionalCommunicationsOther>
    <IDT:TraditionalCommunicationsOther
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002495"
      unitRef="USD">-7000</IDT:TraditionalCommunicationsOther>
    <us-gaap:OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseNet
      contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002497"
      unitRef="USD">-2945000</us-gaap:OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseNet>
    <us-gaap:OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseNet
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002498"
      unitRef="USD">-4415000</us-gaap:OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseNet>
    <us-gaap:OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseNet
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002499"
      unitRef="USD">-826000</us-gaap:OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseNet>
    <us-gaap:TaxCreditCarryforwardAmount
      contextRef="AsOf2023-06-05_custom_NewJerseyEconomicDevelopmentAuthorityMember"
      decimals="-5"
      id="Fact002501"
      unitRef="USD">1800000</us-gaap:TaxCreditCarryforwardAmount>
    <us-gaap:Cash
      contextRef="AsOf2023-08-31_custom_NewJerseyEconomicDevelopmentAuthorityMember"
      decimals="-5"
      id="Fact002503"
      unitRef="USD">1600000</us-gaap:Cash>
    <us-gaap:BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability1
      contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_custom_FintechMember"
      decimals="-5"
      id="Fact002504"
      unitRef="USD">1800000</us-gaap:BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability1>
    <us-gaap:BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability1
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31_custom_FintechMember"
      decimals="-5"
      id="Fact002505"
      unitRef="USD">1600000</us-gaap:BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability1>
    <us-gaap:BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability1
      contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_custom_Net2phoneMember"
      decimals="-5"
      id="Fact002506"
      unitRef="USD">100000</us-gaap:BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability1>
    <us-gaap:BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability1
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31_custom_Net2phoneMember"
      decimals="-5"
      id="Fact002507"
      unitRef="USD">300000</us-gaap:BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability1>
    <IDT:TraditionalCommunicationsContingentConsiderationLiability
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31_custom_TraditionalCommunicationsSegmentMember"
      decimals="-5"
      id="Fact002509"
      unitRef="USD">200000</IDT:TraditionalCommunicationsContingentConsiderationLiability>
    <IDT:WriteOffOfCapitalizedInternalUseSoftwareCosts
      contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31"
      decimals="-5"
      id="Fact002511"
      unitRef="USD">300000</IDT:WriteOffOfCapitalizedInternalUseSoftwareCosts>
    <IDT:WriteOffOfCapitalizedInternalUseSoftwareCosts
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31"
      decimals="-5"
      id="Fact002513"
      unitRef="USD">1400000</IDT:WriteOffOfCapitalizedInternalUseSoftwareCosts>
    <IDT:TraditionalCommunicationsCableTelephonyCustomerIndemnificationClaim
      contextRef="From2023-05-082023-05-08_custom_IndemnificationAgreementMember"
      decimals="-5"
      id="Fact002515"
      unitRef="USD">3900000</IDT:TraditionalCommunicationsCableTelephonyCustomerIndemnificationClaim>
    <us-gaap:DebtDisclosureTextBlock contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" id="Fact002517">&lt;p id="xdx_800_eus-gaap--DebtDisclosureTextBlock_zfuCJFhkVxF" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Note
15&#x2014;&lt;span id="xdx_820_zRou42CqYg9"&gt;Revolving Credit Facility&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company&#x2019;s subsidiary, IDT Telecom, Inc. (&#x201c;IDT Telecom&#x201d;), entered into a credit agreement, dated as of May 17, 2021,
with TD Bank, N.A. for a revolving credit facility for up to a maximum principal amount of $&lt;span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity_iI_pn5n6_c20210517__us-gaap--CreditFacilityAxis__us-gaap--RevolvingCreditFacilityMember__us-gaap--LineOfCreditFacilityAxis__custom--TDBankMember_zincVFCdeKSj" title="Line of credit facility, maximum borrowing capacity"&gt;25.0&lt;/span&gt; million. As of July 15, 2024 and July
28, 2023, IDT Telecom and TD Bank, N.A. amended certain terms of the credit agreement. IDT Telecom may use the proceeds to finance working
capital requirements and for certain closing costs of the facility. At July 31, 2024 and 2023, there were &lt;span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--LineOfCredit_iI_pn5n6_do_c20240731__us-gaap--CreditFacilityAxis__us-gaap--RevolvingCreditFacilityMember__us-gaap--LineOfCreditFacilityAxis__custom--TDBankMember_ziocsmSPpTI5" title="Outstanding line of credit"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--LineOfCredit_iI_pn5n6_do_c20230731__us-gaap--CreditFacilityAxis__us-gaap--RevolvingCreditFacilityMember__us-gaap--LineOfCreditFacilityAxis__custom--TDBankMember_ziyqmlUajN9e" title="Outstanding line of credit"&gt;no&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; amounts outstanding under
this facility. In fiscal 2024, fiscal 2023, and fiscal 2022, IDT Telecom borrowed and repaid an aggregate of $&lt;span&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--ProceedsFromLinesOfCredit_pn5n6_c20230801__20240731__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--IDTTelecomMember_zzyNaPlrbj2h" title="Proceeds from lines of credit"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--RepaymentsOfLinesOfCredit_pn5n6_c20230801__20240731__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--IDTTelecomMember_z7QUZidGO772" title="Repayments of lines of credit"&gt;32.9&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; million, $&lt;span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--RepaymentsOfLinesOfCredit_pn5n6_c20220801__20230731__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--IDTTelecomMember_zEKGL5gPz0Ve" title="Repayments of lines of credit"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--ProceedsFromLinesOfCredit_pn5n6_c20220801__20230731__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--IDTTelecomMember_z3fhP6qOdMBl" title="Proceeds from lines of credit"&gt;27.4&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; million,
and $&lt;span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--RepaymentsOfLinesOfCredit_pn5n6_c20210801__20220731__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--IDTTelecomMember_z6j7fxTzcVTg" title="Repayments of lines of credit"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--ProceedsFromLinesOfCredit_pn5n6_c20210801__20220731__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--IDTTelecomMember_zZv6vkHw3my6" title="Proceeds from lines of credit"&gt;2.6&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; million, respectively, under the facility. &lt;span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--LineOfCreditFacilityDescription_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--CreditFacilityAxis__us-gaap--RevolvingCreditFacilityMember__us-gaap--LineOfCreditFacilityAxis__custom--TDBankMember_zh0iPTZONgVe" title="Credit facility, description"&gt;The revolving credit facility is secured by primarily all of IDT Telecom&#x2019;s
assets. The principal outstanding bears interest per annum at the secured overnight financing rate published by the Federal Reserve Bank
of New York plus 10 basis points, plus depending upon IDT Telecom&#x2019;s leverage ratio as computed for the most recent fiscal quarter,
125 to 175 basis points. Interest is payable monthly, and all outstanding principal and any accrued and unpaid interest is due on &lt;span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentMaturityDate_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--CreditFacilityAxis__us-gaap--RevolvingCreditFacilityMember__us-gaap--LineOfCreditFacilityAxis__custom--TDBankMember_zlZGy2rCQGK4" title="Debt instrument maturity date"&gt;May
16, 2026&lt;/span&gt;. IDT Telecom pays a quarterly unused commitment fee of 10 basis points on the average daily balance of the unused portion of
the $&lt;span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--LineOfCreditFacilityRemainingBorrowingCapacity_iI_pn5n6_c20210517__us-gaap--CreditFacilityAxis__us-gaap--RevolvingCreditFacilityMember__us-gaap--LineOfCreditFacilityAxis__custom--TDBankMember_z0mWAllhpsYa" title="Revolving credit, unused portion amount"&gt;25.0&lt;/span&gt; million commitment.&lt;/span&gt; IDT Telecom is required to comply with various affirmative and negative covenants as well as maintain certain
targets based on financial ratios during the term of the revolving credit facility. As of July 31, 2024 and 2023, IDT Telecom was in
compliance with all of the covenants.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;In
the first quarter of fiscal 2025 through October 7, 2024, IDT Telecom borrowed and repaid an aggregate of $&lt;span&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--ProceedsFromLinesOfCredit_pn5n6_c20240801__20241007__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--IDTTelecomMember__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember_z6M2jYEP4Qwa" title="Proceeds from lines of credit"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--RepaymentsOfLinesOfCredit_pn5n6_c20240801__20241007__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--IDTTelecomMember__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember_zZgnGKeA9Ghh" title="Repayments of lines of credit"&gt;14.2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; million under the facility.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</us-gaap:DebtDisclosureTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity
      contextRef="AsOf2021-05-17_us-gaap_RevolvingCreditFacilityMember_custom_TDBankMember"
      decimals="-5"
      id="Fact002519"
      unitRef="USD">25000000.0</us-gaap:LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity>
    <us-gaap:LineOfCredit
      contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31_us-gaap_RevolvingCreditFacilityMember_custom_TDBankMember"
      decimals="-5"
      id="Fact002521"
      unitRef="USD">0</us-gaap:LineOfCredit>
    <us-gaap:LineOfCredit
      contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31_us-gaap_RevolvingCreditFacilityMember_custom_TDBankMember"
      decimals="-5"
      id="Fact002523"
      unitRef="USD">0</us-gaap:LineOfCredit>
    <us-gaap:ProceedsFromLinesOfCredit
      contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_custom_IDTTelecomMember"
      decimals="-5"
      id="Fact002525"
      unitRef="USD">32900000</us-gaap:ProceedsFromLinesOfCredit>
    <us-gaap:RepaymentsOfLinesOfCredit
      contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_custom_IDTTelecomMember"
      decimals="-5"
      id="Fact002527"
      unitRef="USD">32900000</us-gaap:RepaymentsOfLinesOfCredit>
    <us-gaap:RepaymentsOfLinesOfCredit
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31_custom_IDTTelecomMember"
      decimals="-5"
      id="Fact002529"
      unitRef="USD">27400000</us-gaap:RepaymentsOfLinesOfCredit>
    <us-gaap:ProceedsFromLinesOfCredit
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31_custom_IDTTelecomMember"
      decimals="-5"
      id="Fact002531"
      unitRef="USD">27400000</us-gaap:ProceedsFromLinesOfCredit>
    <us-gaap:RepaymentsOfLinesOfCredit
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31_custom_IDTTelecomMember"
      decimals="-5"
      id="Fact002533"
      unitRef="USD">2600000</us-gaap:RepaymentsOfLinesOfCredit>
    <us-gaap:ProceedsFromLinesOfCredit
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31_custom_IDTTelecomMember"
      decimals="-5"
      id="Fact002535"
      unitRef="USD">2600000</us-gaap:ProceedsFromLinesOfCredit>
    <us-gaap:LineOfCreditFacilityDescription
      contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_us-gaap_RevolvingCreditFacilityMember_custom_TDBankMember"
      id="Fact002537">The revolving credit facility is secured by primarily all of IDT Telecom&#x2019;s
assets. The principal outstanding bears interest per annum at the secured overnight financing rate published by the Federal Reserve Bank
of New York plus 10 basis points, plus depending upon IDT Telecom&#x2019;s leverage ratio as computed for the most recent fiscal quarter,
125 to 175 basis points. Interest is payable monthly, and all outstanding principal and any accrued and unpaid interest is due on May
16, 2026. IDT Telecom pays a quarterly unused commitment fee of 10 basis points on the average daily balance of the unused portion of
the $25.0 million commitment.</us-gaap:LineOfCreditFacilityDescription>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentMaturityDate
      contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_us-gaap_RevolvingCreditFacilityMember_custom_TDBankMember"
      id="Fact002539">2026-05-16</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentMaturityDate>
    <us-gaap:LineOfCreditFacilityRemainingBorrowingCapacity
      contextRef="AsOf2021-05-17_us-gaap_RevolvingCreditFacilityMember_custom_TDBankMember"
      decimals="-5"
      id="Fact002541"
      unitRef="USD">25000000.0</us-gaap:LineOfCreditFacilityRemainingBorrowingCapacity>
    <us-gaap:ProceedsFromLinesOfCredit
      contextRef="From2024-08-012024-10-07_custom_IDTTelecomMember_us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember"
      decimals="-5"
      id="Fact002543"
      unitRef="USD">14200000</us-gaap:ProceedsFromLinesOfCredit>
    <us-gaap:RepaymentsOfLinesOfCredit
      contextRef="From2024-08-012024-10-07_custom_IDTTelecomMember_us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember"
      decimals="-5"
      id="Fact002545"
      unitRef="USD">14200000</us-gaap:RepaymentsOfLinesOfCredit>
    <us-gaap:AccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilitiesDisclosureTextBlock contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" id="Fact002547">&lt;p id="xdx_80B_eus-gaap--AccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilitiesDisclosureTextBlock_zXrur4neMBih" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Note
16&#x2014;&lt;span id="xdx_828_zxvh5CY6CUXl"&gt;Accrued Expenses&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_898_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfAccruedLiabilitiesTableTextBlock_z6M5olBuOJBf" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Accrued
expenses consist of the following:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8B9_zHj3znLnN9d6" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Accrued Expenses&lt;/span&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"&gt;&lt;p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;July 31&lt;/p&gt;
        &lt;p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_491_20240731_zQpg5y2486Ag" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49A_20230731_zlO7vvSqm5Hb" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40D_ecustom--CarrierMinutesTermination_iI_pn3n3_maALCz5UA_ztc3xMDQgF7f" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 60%; text-align: left"&gt;Carrier minutes termination&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 16%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;18,301&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 16%; text-align: right"&gt;20,675&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_403_ecustom--AccruedRegulatoryFeesCurrent_iI_pn3n3_maALCz5UA_zWkUy4g2Alg2" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Regulatory fees and taxes&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;44,020&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;43,302&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--EmployeeRelatedLiabilitiesCurrent_iI_pn3n3_maALCz5UA_zJb2xll0LCC1" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Compensation costs&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;18,994&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;18,858&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_401_ecustom--AccruedMaintenanceAndSupport_iI_pn3n3_maALCz5UA_zmFGG7gtomk5" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Maintenance and support&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;1,637&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;3,434&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_406_eus-gaap--AccruedSalesCommissionCurrent_iI_pn3n3_maALCz5UA_z07Yx4mcATe6" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;Commissions&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;6,128&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;4,164&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--AccruedProfessionalFeesCurrent_iI_pn3n3_maALCz5UA_zL8PnBjwsTYi" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Legal and professional fees&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;3,539&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;8,751&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--OtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent_iI_pn3n3_maALCz5UA_zjMvxcb1R35d" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Other&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;10,557&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;11,612&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent_iTI_pn3n3_mtALCz5UA_zGxv1IlvGGt8" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;TOTAL&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;103,176&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;110,796&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_8A1_zEMY5Z74QAo5" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</us-gaap:AccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilitiesDisclosureTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:ScheduleOfAccruedLiabilitiesTableTextBlock contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" id="Fact002549">&lt;p id="xdx_898_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfAccruedLiabilitiesTableTextBlock_z6M5olBuOJBf" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Accrued
expenses consist of the following:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8B9_zHj3znLnN9d6" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Accrued Expenses&lt;/span&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"&gt;&lt;p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;July 31&lt;/p&gt;
        &lt;p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_491_20240731_zQpg5y2486Ag" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49A_20230731_zlO7vvSqm5Hb" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40D_ecustom--CarrierMinutesTermination_iI_pn3n3_maALCz5UA_ztc3xMDQgF7f" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 60%; text-align: left"&gt;Carrier minutes termination&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 16%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;18,301&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 16%; text-align: right"&gt;20,675&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_403_ecustom--AccruedRegulatoryFeesCurrent_iI_pn3n3_maALCz5UA_zWkUy4g2Alg2" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Regulatory fees and taxes&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;44,020&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;43,302&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--EmployeeRelatedLiabilitiesCurrent_iI_pn3n3_maALCz5UA_zJb2xll0LCC1" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Compensation costs&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;18,994&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;18,858&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_401_ecustom--AccruedMaintenanceAndSupport_iI_pn3n3_maALCz5UA_zmFGG7gtomk5" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Maintenance and support&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;1,637&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;3,434&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_406_eus-gaap--AccruedSalesCommissionCurrent_iI_pn3n3_maALCz5UA_z07Yx4mcATe6" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;Commissions&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;6,128&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;4,164&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--AccruedProfessionalFeesCurrent_iI_pn3n3_maALCz5UA_zL8PnBjwsTYi" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Legal and professional fees&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;3,539&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;8,751&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--OtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent_iI_pn3n3_maALCz5UA_zjMvxcb1R35d" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Other&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;10,557&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;11,612&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent_iTI_pn3n3_mtALCz5UA_zGxv1IlvGGt8" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;TOTAL&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;103,176&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;110,796&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

</us-gaap:ScheduleOfAccruedLiabilitiesTableTextBlock>
    <IDT:CarrierMinutesTermination
      contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002551"
      unitRef="USD">18301000</IDT:CarrierMinutesTermination>
    <IDT:CarrierMinutesTermination
      contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002552"
      unitRef="USD">20675000</IDT:CarrierMinutesTermination>
    <IDT:AccruedRegulatoryFeesCurrent
      contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002554"
      unitRef="USD">44020000</IDT:AccruedRegulatoryFeesCurrent>
    <IDT:AccruedRegulatoryFeesCurrent
      contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002555"
      unitRef="USD">43302000</IDT:AccruedRegulatoryFeesCurrent>
    <us-gaap:EmployeeRelatedLiabilitiesCurrent
      contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002557"
      unitRef="USD">18994000</us-gaap:EmployeeRelatedLiabilitiesCurrent>
    <us-gaap:EmployeeRelatedLiabilitiesCurrent
      contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002558"
      unitRef="USD">18858000</us-gaap:EmployeeRelatedLiabilitiesCurrent>
    <IDT:AccruedMaintenanceAndSupport
      contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002560"
      unitRef="USD">1637000</IDT:AccruedMaintenanceAndSupport>
    <IDT:AccruedMaintenanceAndSupport
      contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002561"
      unitRef="USD">3434000</IDT:AccruedMaintenanceAndSupport>
    <us-gaap:AccruedSalesCommissionCurrent
      contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002563"
      unitRef="USD">6128000</us-gaap:AccruedSalesCommissionCurrent>
    <us-gaap:AccruedSalesCommissionCurrent
      contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002564"
      unitRef="USD">4164000</us-gaap:AccruedSalesCommissionCurrent>
    <us-gaap:AccruedProfessionalFeesCurrent
      contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002566"
      unitRef="USD">3539000</us-gaap:AccruedProfessionalFeesCurrent>
    <us-gaap:AccruedProfessionalFeesCurrent
      contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002567"
      unitRef="USD">8751000</us-gaap:AccruedProfessionalFeesCurrent>
    <us-gaap:OtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent
      contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002569"
      unitRef="USD">10557000</us-gaap:OtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent>
    <us-gaap:OtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent
      contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002570"
      unitRef="USD">11612000</us-gaap:OtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent>
    <us-gaap:AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent
      contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002572"
      unitRef="USD">103176000</us-gaap:AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent>
    <us-gaap:AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent
      contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002573"
      unitRef="USD">110796000</us-gaap:AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent>
    <us-gaap:MinorityInterestDisclosureTextBlock contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" id="Fact002575">&lt;p id="xdx_808_eus-gaap--MinorityInterestDisclosureTextBlock_zolYgqxl0s89" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Note
17&#x2014;&lt;span id="xdx_825_z1F5rOCCBBX1"&gt;Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;On
September 29, 2021, NRS sold shares of its Class B common stock representing &lt;span id="xdx_90E_ecustom--SaleOfStockPercentageOfSubsidiaryEquityIssuedInTransaction_pid_dp_uPure_c20210928__20210929__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember_zSqeApr5CCB6" title="Capital stock outstanding percentage"&gt;2.5&lt;/span&gt;% of its outstanding capital stock on a fully diluted
basis to Alta Fox Opportunities Fund LP (&#x201c;Alta Fox&#x201d;) for cash of $&lt;span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--SaleOfStockConsiderationReceivedOnTransaction_pn6n6_c20210928__20210929__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember_zCRSqWj92tG7" title="Sale of stock, consideration received on transaction"&gt;10&lt;/span&gt; million. Alta Fox has the right to request that NRS
redeem all or any portion of the NRS common shares that it purchased at the per share purchase price during a period of 182 days following
the fifth anniversary of this transaction. The redemption right shall terminate upon the consummation of (i) a sale of NRS or its assets
for cash or securities that are listed on a national securities exchange, (ii) a public offering of NRS&#x2019; securities, or (iii) a
distribution of NRS&#x2019; capital stock following which NRS&#x2019; common shares are listed on a national securities exchange.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
shares of NRS&#x2019; Class B common stock sold to Alta Fox have been classified as mezzanine equity in the accompanying consolidated
balance sheet because they may be redeemed at the option of Alta Fox, although the shares are not mandatorily redeemable. The carrying
amount of the shares includes the noncontrolling interest in the net income of NRS. The net income attributable to the mezzanine equity&#x2019;s
noncontrolling interest during the periods were as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_890_eus-gaap--RedeemableNoncontrollingInterestTableTextBlock_zEY6Y3wYj5b5" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;span id="xdx_8BF_zq2vQjboq6I" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Net Income Attributable to Mezzanine Equity&#x2019;s Noncontrolling Interest&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"&gt;&lt;p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;Year ended July 31&lt;/p&gt;
                                               &lt;p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_493_20230801__20240731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember_zD3dTnTVFUbf" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49A_20220801__20230731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember_zGnnhXT3FU7h" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_495_20210801__20220731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember_zqqrZlLFWeTj" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2022&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40B_eus-gaap--NetIncomeLossAttributableToRedeemableNoncontrollingInterest_pn3n3_zNEz4AEMSMNl" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 52%; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Net income of NRS attributable to the mezzanine equity&#x2019;s noncontrolling interest&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 12%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;429&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;281&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;191&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_8AB_zvWfpeSDqEV" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</us-gaap:MinorityInterestDisclosureTextBlock>
    <IDT:SaleOfStockPercentageOfSubsidiaryEquityIssuedInTransaction
      contextRef="From2021-09-282021-09-29_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_NationalRetailSolutionsMember"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact002577"
      unitRef="Pure">0.025</IDT:SaleOfStockPercentageOfSubsidiaryEquityIssuedInTransaction>
    <us-gaap:SaleOfStockConsiderationReceivedOnTransaction
      contextRef="From2021-09-282021-09-29_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_NationalRetailSolutionsMember"
      decimals="-6"
      id="Fact002579"
      unitRef="USD">10000000</us-gaap:SaleOfStockConsiderationReceivedOnTransaction>
    <us-gaap:RedeemableNoncontrollingInterestTableTextBlock contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" id="Fact002581">&lt;p id="xdx_890_eus-gaap--RedeemableNoncontrollingInterestTableTextBlock_zEY6Y3wYj5b5" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;span id="xdx_8BF_zq2vQjboq6I" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Net Income Attributable to Mezzanine Equity&#x2019;s Noncontrolling Interest&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"&gt;&lt;p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;Year ended July 31&lt;/p&gt;
                                               &lt;p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_493_20230801__20240731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember_zD3dTnTVFUbf" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49A_20220801__20230731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember_zGnnhXT3FU7h" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_495_20210801__20220731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember_zqqrZlLFWeTj" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2022&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40B_eus-gaap--NetIncomeLossAttributableToRedeemableNoncontrollingInterest_pn3n3_zNEz4AEMSMNl" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 52%; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Net income of NRS attributable to the mezzanine equity&#x2019;s noncontrolling interest&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 12%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;429&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;281&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;191&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

</us-gaap:RedeemableNoncontrollingInterestTableTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:NetIncomeLossAttributableToRedeemableNoncontrollingInterest
      contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_NationalRetailSolutionsMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002583"
      unitRef="USD">429000</us-gaap:NetIncomeLossAttributableToRedeemableNoncontrollingInterest>
    <us-gaap:NetIncomeLossAttributableToRedeemableNoncontrollingInterest
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_NationalRetailSolutionsMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002584"
      unitRef="USD">281000</us-gaap:NetIncomeLossAttributableToRedeemableNoncontrollingInterest>
    <us-gaap:NetIncomeLossAttributableToRedeemableNoncontrollingInterest
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_NationalRetailSolutionsMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002585"
      unitRef="USD">191000</us-gaap:NetIncomeLossAttributableToRedeemableNoncontrollingInterest>
    <us-gaap:OtherIncomeAndOtherExpenseDisclosureTextBlock contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" id="Fact002587">&lt;p id="xdx_800_eus-gaap--OtherIncomeAndOtherExpenseDisclosureTextBlock_zpRu5kMvbphl" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Note
18&#x2014;&lt;span id="xdx_82D_zWy7RJiDP5Y4"&gt;Other Expense, Net&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_893_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfOtherNonoperatingIncomeExpenseTableTextBlock_zkqEKgU4hTEc" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Other
expense, net consists of the following:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;span id="xdx_8BB_z86FusejaW6b" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Other (Expense) Income, Net&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"&gt;&lt;p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;Year ended July 31&lt;/p&gt;
        &lt;p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_498_20230801__20240731_z36JOKwYY79e" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49F_20220801__20230731_zoDKX3hHCZAk" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49B_20210801__20220731_zBwUmhxZa5z2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2022&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossRealized_pn3n3_maNIEzeRA_z0AaV6BZRtCj" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 52%; text-align: left"&gt;Foreign currency transaction (losses) gains&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 12%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;(3,787&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;3,353&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;(1,742&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_406_eus-gaap--IncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments_pn3n3_maNIEzeRA_zSBCph4t6zS" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Equity in net loss of investee&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;(3,463&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(3,095&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(2,951&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_409_eus-gaap--GainLossOnInvestments_pn3n3_maNIEzeRA_zB0r4b9mOYag" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Gains (losses) on investments&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;229&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(2,613&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(19,248&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_406_eus-gaap--OtherIncome_pn3n3_maNIEzeRA_z97hnXwIeCP9" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Other&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;(591&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(728&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(1,411&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--NonoperatingIncomeExpense_iT_pn3n3_mtNIEzeRA_zqOAJ70nKitk" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;TOTAL&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;(7,612&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(3,083&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(25,352&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;
&lt;p id="xdx_8AD_zk9XJdYebFte" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</us-gaap:OtherIncomeAndOtherExpenseDisclosureTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:ScheduleOfOtherNonoperatingIncomeExpenseTableTextBlock contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" id="Fact002589">&lt;p id="xdx_893_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfOtherNonoperatingIncomeExpenseTableTextBlock_zkqEKgU4hTEc" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Other
expense, net consists of the following:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;span id="xdx_8BB_z86FusejaW6b" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Other (Expense) Income, Net&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"&gt;&lt;p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;Year ended July 31&lt;/p&gt;
        &lt;p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_498_20230801__20240731_z36JOKwYY79e" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49F_20220801__20230731_zoDKX3hHCZAk" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49B_20210801__20220731_zBwUmhxZa5z2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2022&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossRealized_pn3n3_maNIEzeRA_z0AaV6BZRtCj" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 52%; text-align: left"&gt;Foreign currency transaction (losses) gains&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 12%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;(3,787&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;3,353&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;(1,742&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_406_eus-gaap--IncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments_pn3n3_maNIEzeRA_zSBCph4t6zS" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Equity in net loss of investee&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;(3,463&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(3,095&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(2,951&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_409_eus-gaap--GainLossOnInvestments_pn3n3_maNIEzeRA_zB0r4b9mOYag" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Gains (losses) on investments&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;229&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(2,613&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(19,248&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_406_eus-gaap--OtherIncome_pn3n3_maNIEzeRA_z97hnXwIeCP9" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Other&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;(591&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(728&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(1,411&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--NonoperatingIncomeExpense_iT_pn3n3_mtNIEzeRA_zqOAJ70nKitk" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;TOTAL&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;(7,612&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(3,083&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(25,352&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;
</us-gaap:ScheduleOfOtherNonoperatingIncomeExpenseTableTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossRealized
      contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002591"
      unitRef="USD">-3787000</us-gaap:ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossRealized>
    <us-gaap:ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossRealized
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002592"
      unitRef="USD">3353000</us-gaap:ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossRealized>
    <us-gaap:ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossRealized
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002593"
      unitRef="USD">-1742000</us-gaap:ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossRealized>
    <us-gaap:IncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments
      contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002595"
      unitRef="USD">-3463000</us-gaap:IncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments>
    <us-gaap:IncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002596"
      unitRef="USD">-3095000</us-gaap:IncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments>
    <us-gaap:IncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002597"
      unitRef="USD">-2951000</us-gaap:IncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments>
    <us-gaap:GainLossOnInvestments
      contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002599"
      unitRef="USD">229000</us-gaap:GainLossOnInvestments>
    <us-gaap:GainLossOnInvestments
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002600"
      unitRef="USD">-2613000</us-gaap:GainLossOnInvestments>
    <us-gaap:GainLossOnInvestments
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002601"
      unitRef="USD">-19248000</us-gaap:GainLossOnInvestments>
    <us-gaap:OtherIncome
      contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002603"
      unitRef="USD">-591000</us-gaap:OtherIncome>
    <us-gaap:OtherIncome
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002604"
      unitRef="USD">-728000</us-gaap:OtherIncome>
    <us-gaap:OtherIncome
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002605"
      unitRef="USD">-1411000</us-gaap:OtherIncome>
    <us-gaap:NonoperatingIncomeExpense
      contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002607"
      unitRef="USD">-7612000</us-gaap:NonoperatingIncomeExpense>
    <us-gaap:NonoperatingIncomeExpense
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      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002608"
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    <us-gaap:NonoperatingIncomeExpense
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      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002609"
      unitRef="USD">-25352000</us-gaap:NonoperatingIncomeExpense>
    <us-gaap:IncomeTaxDisclosureTextBlock contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" id="Fact002611">&lt;p id="xdx_80E_eus-gaap--IncomeTaxDisclosureTextBlock_zVQH4fYRRsH6" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Note
19&#x2014;&lt;span id="xdx_828_z5FoXNBtwtn8"&gt;Income Taxes&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_896_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfIncomeBeforeIncomeTaxDomesticAndForeignTableTextBlock_zT2020CkdFd5" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
components of income before income taxes are as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8B9_zcaHtjPe8yX" style="display: none"&gt;Components
of Income Before Income Taxes&lt;/span&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"&gt;&lt;p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;Year ended July 31&lt;/p&gt;
        &lt;p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49C_20230801__20240731_z2Z2ul9ZGS4" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_494_20220801__20230731_zDPgBKXcMMv9" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_491_20210801__20220731_z90AgfjeUD76" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2022&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40A_eus-gaap--IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesDomestic_pn3n3_maILFCOzB94_z0H7aSFeADBc" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 52%"&gt;Domestic&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 12%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;56,316&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;48,036&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;25,025&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_409_eus-gaap--IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesForeign_pn3n3_maILFCOzB94_zIU5cwBEQB92" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Foreign&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;5,594&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;12,771&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;9,858&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest_iT_pn3n3_mtILFCOzB94_zqqXnoUxvg0e" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;INCOME BEFORE INCOME TAXES&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;61,910&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;60,807&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;34,883&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_8A2_zNASH4sJT47b" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_89C_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfDeferredTaxAssetsAndLiabilitiesTableTextBlock_zjQAzPr0TQia" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Significant
components of the Company&#x2019;s deferred income tax assets consist of the following:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8B2_zI2tHIg4DGJe" style="display: none"&gt;Significant
Components of Deferred Income Taxes&lt;/span&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"&gt;&lt;p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;July 31&lt;/p&gt;
        &lt;p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49F_20240731_zUEgzn5GCmVc" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_495_20230731_zwq1aCKtYZM8" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Deferred income tax assets:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_406_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccrualsAllowanceForDoubtfulAccounts_iI_pn3n3_maDTAGzMOW_z6v4Cl904tG5" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; width: 60%; text-align: left"&gt;Bad debt reserve&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 16%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;1,588&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 16%; text-align: right"&gt;1,117&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccrualsAccruedLiabilities_iI_pn3n3_maDTAGzMOW_zk6ViEad1Hbj" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;Accrued expenses&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;2,897&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;4,825&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseCompensationAndBenefitsShareBasedCompensationCost_iI_pn3n3_maDTAGzMOW_zkyf4Zb8tlEl" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;Stock options and restricted stock&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;929&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;361&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxAssetsCharitableContributionCarryforwards_iI_pn3n3_maDTAGzMOW_zUNIEnkFTZAj" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;Charitable contributions&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;754&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;724&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt"&gt;Depreciation&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxAssetsPropertyPlantAndEquipment_iI_pn3n3_maDTAGzMOW_c20240731_zpY0cRCOBie1" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Depreciation, Assets"&gt;70&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxLiabilitiesPropertyPlantAndEquipment_iNI_pn3n3_di_msDTAGzMOW_c20230731_z2p3u4SWHszg" style="text-align: right" title="Depreciation, Liabilities"&gt;(585&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_409_ecustom--DeferredTaxLiabilitiesUnrealizedLossGainsOnTradingSecurities_iNI_pn3n3_di_msDTAGzMOW_z6m4SOiMAhm6" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;Unrealized gain&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;5,405&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;4,407&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40A_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwards_iI_pn3n3_maDTAGzMOW_zJvo0i8dbyrk" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;Net operating loss&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;36,967&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;23,870&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_409_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxAssetsGross_iTI_pn3n3_maDTALNzjVU_mtDTAGzMOW_zkFIQazc3n98" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Total deferred income tax assets&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;48,610&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;34,719&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance_iNI_pn3n3_di_msDTALNzjVU_zmvKYYg9Kwt7" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;Valuation allowance&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;(13,602&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(10,618&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxAssetsLiabilitiesNet_iTI_pn3n3_mtDTALNzjVU_zOhDVFNOcHZb" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;NET DEFERRED INCOME TAX ASSETS&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;35,008&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;24,101&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_8AF_zYybKVLGwZK4" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_897_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfComponentsOfIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitTableTextBlock_zbKNg6ZaLzx" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
(provision for) benefit from income taxes consist of the following:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8B2_zqcZmUNZViIi" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule
of (Provision for) Benefits from Income Taxes&lt;/span&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"&gt;&lt;p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;Year ended July 31&lt;/p&gt;
                                               &lt;p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_491_20230801__20240731_zgmahbZPhy33" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_493_20220801__20230731_zWehofv64V9j" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_495_20210801__20220731_zahb6195lex1" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2022&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;Current:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40A_eus-gaap--CurrentFederalTaxExpenseBenefit_iN_pn3n3_di_maCITEBzYVZ_zb4hCu6mKGmf" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; width: 52%"&gt;Federal&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 12%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;(38&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;(47&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;(45&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--CurrentStateAndLocalTaxExpenseBenefit_iN_pn3n3_di_maCITEBzYVZ_z35iDv0BQJNk" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;State and local&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;(2,716&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(1,511&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(863&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_406_eus-gaap--CurrentForeignTaxExpenseBenefit_iN_pn3n3_di_maCITEBzYVZ_z7u2x6oZe7bg" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Foreign&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;(724&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(1,275&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(729&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40C_eus-gaap--CurrentIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_iNT_pn3n3_di_mtCITEBzYVZ_maITEBz2xK_zAp3VOmmb6Ab" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="display: none; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Current&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;(3,478&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(2,833&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(1,637&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;Deferred:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40B_eus-gaap--DeferredFederalIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_iN_pn3n3_di_maDITEBzjME_zpXY5BjZjzc1" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt"&gt;Federal&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;9,725&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(14,340&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(2,596&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--DeferredStateAndLocalIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_iN_pn3n3_di_maDITEBzjME_zvJeHr1NXzA7" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;State and local&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;(261&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;16&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(19&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--DeferredForeignIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_iN_pn3n3_di_maDITEBzjME_zHM6sVUvBGSi" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Foreign&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;368&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;716&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(1,626&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_iNT_pn3n3_di_mtDITEBzjME_maITEBz2xK_zujMESpEYOA9" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="display: none; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Deferred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;9,832&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(13,608&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(4,241&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_iNT_pn3n3_di_mtITEBz2xK_zn8e64wuNigg" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;BENEFIT FROM (PROVISION FOR) INCOME TAXES&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;6,354&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(16,441&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(5,878&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_8A0_zz7FTqpcOWSe" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_898_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfEffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationTableTextBlock_zDmJssW6uss9" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
differences between income taxes expected at the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate and income taxes provided are as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8B9_zJRU7hlueoei" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule
of Differences Between Income Taxes Expected Federal Statutory Income Taxes&lt;/span&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"&gt;&lt;p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;Year ended July 31&lt;/p&gt;
        &lt;p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_498_20230801__20240731_zQIRYTpUcoQl" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_491_20220801__20230731_zE8Z8BDeGYea" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49C_20210801__20220731_zgJN1CDpi3qc" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2022&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--IncomeTaxReconciliationIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate_iN_pn3n3_di_maITEBzt8p_zElLPqSYl9ti" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 52%; text-align: left"&gt;U.S. federal income tax at statutory rate&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 12%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;(13,001&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;(12,770&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;(7,325&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--IncomeTaxReconciliationChangeInDeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance_iN_pn3n3_di_maITEBzt8p_z5eSREebgLU5" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Valuation allowance&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;2,984&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;970&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;1,147&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--IncomeTaxReconciliationForeignIncomeTaxRateDifferential_iN_pn3n3_di_maITEBzt8p_zUfky1yoH022" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Foreign tax rate differential&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;(1,636&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(1,068&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(1,059&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_404_eus-gaap--IncomeTaxReconciliationNondeductibleExpenseOther_iN_pn3n3_di_maITEBzt8p_ztc6pfUL20Vl" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Nondeductible expenses&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;(1,159&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(1,767&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;2,044&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

  &lt;tr id="xdx_40B_ecustom--IncomeTaxReconciliationRevaluationOfExistingForeignAttributes_iN_pn3n3_di_maITEBzt8p_zln59YDufQil" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Revaluation of existing foreign attributes&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;p style="margin: 0"&gt;(2,886&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;p style="margin: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2717"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;p style="margin: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2718"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_403_eus-gaap--IncomeTaxReconciliationPriorYearIncomeTaxes_iN_pn3n3_di_maITEBzt8p_zjgpELpuWvPk" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Prior year benefit&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;23,622&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2721"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2722"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_403_eus-gaap--IncomeTaxReconciliationStateAndLocalIncomeTaxes_iN_pn3n3_di_maITEBzt8p_zfRvfFiA06X5" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;State and local income tax, net of federal benefit&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;(1,855&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(1,181&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(686&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_406_eus-gaap--IncomeTaxReconciliationOtherAdjustments_iN_pn3n3_di_maITEBzt8p_zPdLiSXnDfNh" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Other&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;p style="margin: 0"&gt;285&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(625&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;1&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_iNT_pn3n3_di_mtITEBzt8p_zlJsj6IGV341" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;BENEFIT FROM (PROVISION FOR) INCOME TAXES&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;6,354&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(16,441&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(5,878&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_8AB_zZwQhDfs2Jj8" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company&#x2019;s cumulative undistributed foreign earnings are included in retained earnings in the Company&#x2019;s consolidated balance
sheets and consisted of approximately $&lt;span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--UndistributedEarningsOfForeignSubsidiaries_iI_pn6n6_c20240731_z3jNhweiA5h3" title="Undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries"&gt;297&lt;/span&gt; million at July 31, 2024. The Company has concluded that the earnings remain permanently reinvested.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;At
July 31, 2024, the Company had U.S. federal net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $&lt;span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--OperatingLossCarryforwards_iI_pn6n6_c20240731_zK84NwZwXNWf"&gt;86&lt;/span&gt; million. These loss carryforwards
are available to offset future U.S. federal taxable income. &lt;span id="xdx_901_ecustom--OperatingLossExpirationDescription_c20230801__20240731_z2MuamYEMfDk" title="Operating loss expiration description"&gt;U.S. federal net operating loss carryforwards of $&lt;span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwardsSubjectToExpiration_iI_pn6n6_c20240731_zKaP09nC8Zmb" title="Net operating loss carryforwards subject to expiration"&gt;83&lt;/span&gt; million expire in fiscal
2028 through fiscal 2038, and $&lt;span id="xdx_90B_ecustom--DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwardsNoExpiration_pn6n6_c20230801__20240731_zXqtjcCCOEdc" title="Net operating loss carryforwards no expiration"&gt;3&lt;/span&gt; million do not expire.&lt;/span&gt; The Company has foreign net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $&lt;span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwardsForeign_iI_pn6n6_c20240731_z8gOBTpkG0J" title="Foreign net operating loss carry forwards"&gt;74&lt;/span&gt;
million, of which approximately $&lt;span id="xdx_906_ecustom--ForeignNetOperatingLossCarryForwardsNoExpiration_iI_pn6n6_c20240731_z5h7CA13RQz1" title="Foreign net operating loss carry forwards no expiration"&gt;63&lt;/span&gt; million does not expire, approximately $&lt;span id="xdx_906_ecustom--ForeignNetOperatingLossCarryForwardsExpirationTwoToTenYears_iI_pn6n6_c20240731_zPFy1zucrpk1"&gt;10&lt;/span&gt; million expires in two to ten years, and approximately
$&lt;span id="xdx_90E_ecustom--ForeignNetOperatingLossCarryForwardsExpirationTwentyYears_iI_pn6n6_c20240731_zCZGCZld4YU7"&gt;1&lt;/span&gt; million expires in twenty years. These foreign loss carryforwards are available to offset future taxable income in the countries in
which the losses were incurred. &lt;span id="xdx_90A_ecustom--NetOperatingLossCarryForwardsYearOfExpiration_c20230801__20240731__srt--ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis__srt--SubsidiariesMember_zkgEi3vIBaT9" title="Net operating loss carryforwards year of expiratio, description"&gt;The Company&#x2019;s subsidiary, net2phone, has additional U.S. federal net operating loss carryforwards
of approximately $&lt;span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--OperatingLossCarryforwards_iI_pn6n6_c20240731__srt--ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis__srt--SubsidiariesMember_zyjXh5dcEh5b" title="Operating loss carryforwards"&gt;11&lt;/span&gt; million, which will expire through fiscal 2027.&lt;/span&gt; With the reacquisition of net2phone by the Company in March 2006,
its losses were limited under Internal Revenue Code (&#x201c;IRC&#x201d;) Section 382 to approximately $&lt;span id="xdx_902_ecustom--SubsidiaryTaxNetOperatingLossCarryForwardsAnnualLimitAmountUnderInternalRevenueCode_pn6n6_c20230801__20240731__srt--ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis__srt--SubsidiariesMember_zOhFvAchPX66" title="Losses limited under internal revenue code"&gt;7&lt;/span&gt; million per year. In fiscal 2024,
the Company had an IRC Section 382 study conducted on the reacquisition and the limitation was adjusted to $&lt;span id="xdx_908_ecustom--SubsidiaryTaxNetOperatingLossCarryForwardsAnnualLimitAmountUnderInternalRevenueCodeAdjustedAmount_pn6n6_c20230801__20240731__srt--ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis__srt--SubsidiariesMember_z4cnegdB6hUg" title="Reacquisition and limitation"&gt;9&lt;/span&gt; million per year. The Company
recorded a tax benefit related to the adjusted amount of $&lt;span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_pn5n6_c20230801__20240731__srt--ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis__srt--SubsidiariesMember_z4ffMbDwpWV9" title="Income tax expense benefit"&gt;23.6&lt;/span&gt; million in fiscal 2024. The net operating loss carryforwards do not include
any excess benefits related to stock options or restricted stock.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_89B_eus-gaap--SummaryOfValuationAllowanceTextBlock_z25n9Hf1aK16" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
change in the valuation allowance is as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8B4_zdwUlEtM7O3" style="display: none"&gt;Summary
of Changes in Valuation Allowance&lt;/span&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: left; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;Year ended July 31&lt;/p&gt;
        &lt;p style="text-align: left; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;Balance at&lt;/p&gt;
                    &lt;p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;beginning of&lt;/p&gt;
                    &lt;p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;year&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;Additions&lt;/p&gt;
                    &lt;p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;charged to&lt;/p&gt;
                    &lt;p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;costs and&lt;/p&gt;
                    &lt;p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;expenses&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;Deductions&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;Balance at&lt;/p&gt;
                    &lt;p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;end of year&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;Reserves deducted from deferred income taxes, net:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 20pt; width: 36%; text-align: left"&gt;Valuation allowance&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance_iS_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731_zopn0enxiCti" style="width: 12%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Balance at beginning of year"&gt;10,618&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98A_eus-gaap--ValuationAllowancesAndReservesChargedToCostAndExpense_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731_zniOpmMhjcol" style="width: 12%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Additions charged to costs and expenses"&gt;2,984&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--ValuationAllowancesAndReservesDeductions_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731_zOyuNLTq3zl" style="width: 12%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Deductions"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2767"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance_iE_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731_zVxcLg5ZudK9" style="width: 12%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Balance at end of year"&gt;13,602&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;Reserves deducted from deferred income taxes, net:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 20pt; text-align: left"&gt;Valuation allowance&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance_iS_pn3n3_c20220801__20230731_zKGJiMXVL3Yd" style="text-align: right" title="Balance at beginning of year"&gt;11,588&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--ValuationAllowancesAndReservesChargedToCostAndExpense_pn3n3_c20220801__20230731_zZ4z7XgoCTR7" style="text-align: right" title="Additions charged to costs and expenses"&gt;2,537&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--ValuationAllowancesAndReservesDeductions_pn3n3_c20220801__20230731_zU4fRQqc1qSc" style="text-align: right" title="Deductions"&gt;(3,507&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance_iE_pn3n3_c20220801__20230731_zQdnYbiQTx65" style="text-align: right" title="Balance at end of year"&gt;10,618&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;2022&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;Reserves deducted from deferred income taxes, net:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 20pt; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;Valuation allowance&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance_iS_pn3n3_c20210801__20220731_zCZ00jfS8hlg" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Balance at beginning of year"&gt;11,540&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--ValuationAllowancesAndReservesChargedToCostAndExpense_pn3n3_c20210801__20220731_zcg8lgQPurCe" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Additions charged to costs and expenses"&gt;48&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--ValuationAllowancesAndReservesDeductions_pn3n3_c20210801__20220731_zt9La48f8gGc" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Deductions"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2783"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance_iE_pn3n3_c20210801__20220731_zdfJaXm0Y4l3" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Balance at end of year"&gt;11,588&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_8A5_z1PQQTMc6EOj" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;In
fiscal 2024, the Company increased the valuation allowance by $&lt;span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--ValuationAllowanceDeferredTaxAssetChangeInAmount_pn5n6_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--ValuationAllowancesAndReservesTypeAxis__custom--ValuationAllowanceUtilizedFutureExpenseMember_zGyQpCPs5zd3" title="Increase in valuation allowance"&gt;3.0&lt;/span&gt; million, which included the establishment of a valuation allowance
of $&lt;span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--ValuationAllowancesAndReservesChargedToCostAndExpense_pn5n6_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--ValuationAllowancesAndReservesTypeAxis__custom--ValuationAllowanceUtilizedFutureExpenseMember_ztAkuX5UjWHd" title="Valuation allowances and reserves charged to cost and expense"&gt;3.5&lt;/span&gt; million for deferred income tax assets that were not more likely than not going to be utilized prior to expiration, net of a
decrease of $&lt;span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--ValuationAllowancesAndReservesPeriodIncreaseDecrease_pn5n6_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--ValuationAllowancesAndReservesTypeAxis__custom--ValuationAllowanceUtilizedFutureExpenseMember_zhNJFvcAeXRb" title="Decrease in deferred income tax assets"&gt;0.2&lt;/span&gt; million due to the utilization or disposal of previously valued deferred income tax assets and a release of $&lt;span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--ValuationAllowancesAndReservesDeductions_pn5n6_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--ValuationAllowancesAndReservesTypeAxis__custom--ValuationAllowanceUtilizedFutureExpenseMember_z2dTY3svQtTk" title="Deductions"&gt;0.3&lt;/span&gt; million
for profitability in the United Kingdom.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;In
fiscal 2023, the Company decreased the valuation allowance by $&lt;span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--ValuationAllowanceDeferredTaxAssetChangeInAmount_pn5n6_c20220801__20230731__us-gaap--ValuationAllowancesAndReservesTypeAxis__custom--ValuationAllowanceUtilizedFutureExpenseMember_zjAv6J6ErU09" title="Decrease in valuation allowance"&gt;1.0&lt;/span&gt; million, which included a decrease of $&lt;span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--ValuationAllowancesAndReservesPeriodIncreaseDecrease_pn5n6_c20220801__20230731__us-gaap--ValuationAllowancesAndReservesTypeAxis__custom--ValuationAllowanceUtilizedFutureExpenseMember_zV82qwqArsX3" title="Decrease in deferred income tax assets"&gt;2.8&lt;/span&gt; million due to the utilization
or disposal of previously valued deferred income tax assets and a release of $&lt;span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--ValuationAllowancesAndReservesDeductions_pn5n6_c20220801__20230731__us-gaap--ValuationAllowancesAndReservesTypeAxis__custom--ValuationAllowanceUtilizedFutureExpenseMember_z1dvzyikx9Vl" title="Deductions"&gt;0.7&lt;/span&gt; million for profitability in the United Kingdom, net
of an establishment of $&lt;span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--ValuationAllowancesAndReservesChargedToCostAndExpense_pn5n6_c20220801__20230731__us-gaap--ValuationAllowancesAndReservesTypeAxis__custom--ValuationAllowanceUtilizedFutureExpenseMember_zz9sJaBiIa27" title="Valuation allowances and reserves charged to cost and expense"&gt;2.5&lt;/span&gt; million for deferred income tax assets that were not more likely than not going to be utilized prior to expiration.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;At
July 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company did not have any unrecognized income tax benefits. There were no changes in the balance of unrecognized
income tax benefits in fiscal 2024, fiscal 2023, and fiscal 2022. At July 31, 2024, the Company did not expect any changes in unrecognized
income tax benefits during the next twelve months. In fiscal 2024, fiscal 2023, and fiscal 2022, the Company did not record any interest
and penalties on income taxes. At July 31, 2024 and 2023, there was no accrued interest included in current income taxes payable.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company currently remains subject to examinations of its tax returns as follows: U.S. federal tax returns for fiscal 2021 to fiscal 2024,
state and local tax returns generally for fiscal 2020 to fiscal 2024, and foreign tax returns generally for fiscal 2020 to fiscal 2024.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</us-gaap:IncomeTaxDisclosureTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:ScheduleOfIncomeBeforeIncomeTaxDomesticAndForeignTableTextBlock contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" id="Fact002613">&lt;p id="xdx_896_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfIncomeBeforeIncomeTaxDomesticAndForeignTableTextBlock_zT2020CkdFd5" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
components of income before income taxes are as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8B9_zcaHtjPe8yX" style="display: none"&gt;Components
of Income Before Income Taxes&lt;/span&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"&gt;&lt;p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;Year ended July 31&lt;/p&gt;
        &lt;p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49C_20230801__20240731_z2Z2ul9ZGS4" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_494_20220801__20230731_zDPgBKXcMMv9" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_491_20210801__20220731_z90AgfjeUD76" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2022&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40A_eus-gaap--IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesDomestic_pn3n3_maILFCOzB94_z0H7aSFeADBc" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 52%"&gt;Domestic&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 12%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;56,316&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;48,036&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;25,025&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_409_eus-gaap--IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesForeign_pn3n3_maILFCOzB94_zIU5cwBEQB92" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Foreign&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;5,594&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;12,771&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;9,858&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest_iT_pn3n3_mtILFCOzB94_zqqXnoUxvg0e" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;INCOME BEFORE INCOME TAXES&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;61,910&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;60,807&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;34,883&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

</us-gaap:ScheduleOfIncomeBeforeIncomeTaxDomesticAndForeignTableTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesDomestic
      contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002615"
      unitRef="USD">56316000</us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesDomestic>
    <us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesDomestic
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002616"
      unitRef="USD">48036000</us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesDomestic>
    <us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesDomestic
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002617"
      unitRef="USD">25025000</us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesDomestic>
    <us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesForeign
      contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002619"
      unitRef="USD">5594000</us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesForeign>
    <us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesForeign
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002620"
      unitRef="USD">12771000</us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesForeign>
    <us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesForeign
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002621"
      unitRef="USD">9858000</us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesForeign>
    <us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest
      contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002623"
      unitRef="USD">61910000</us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest>
    <us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002624"
      unitRef="USD">60807000</us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest>
    <us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002625"
      unitRef="USD">34883000</us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest>
    <us-gaap:ScheduleOfDeferredTaxAssetsAndLiabilitiesTableTextBlock contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" id="Fact002627">&lt;p id="xdx_89C_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfDeferredTaxAssetsAndLiabilitiesTableTextBlock_zjQAzPr0TQia" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Significant
components of the Company&#x2019;s deferred income tax assets consist of the following:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8B2_zI2tHIg4DGJe" style="display: none"&gt;Significant
Components of Deferred Income Taxes&lt;/span&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"&gt;&lt;p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;July 31&lt;/p&gt;
        &lt;p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49F_20240731_zUEgzn5GCmVc" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_495_20230731_zwq1aCKtYZM8" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Deferred income tax assets:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_406_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccrualsAllowanceForDoubtfulAccounts_iI_pn3n3_maDTAGzMOW_z6v4Cl904tG5" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; width: 60%; text-align: left"&gt;Bad debt reserve&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 16%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;1,588&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 16%; text-align: right"&gt;1,117&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccrualsAccruedLiabilities_iI_pn3n3_maDTAGzMOW_zk6ViEad1Hbj" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;Accrued expenses&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;2,897&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;4,825&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseCompensationAndBenefitsShareBasedCompensationCost_iI_pn3n3_maDTAGzMOW_zkyf4Zb8tlEl" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;Stock options and restricted stock&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;929&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;361&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxAssetsCharitableContributionCarryforwards_iI_pn3n3_maDTAGzMOW_zUNIEnkFTZAj" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;Charitable contributions&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;754&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;724&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt"&gt;Depreciation&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxAssetsPropertyPlantAndEquipment_iI_pn3n3_maDTAGzMOW_c20240731_zpY0cRCOBie1" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Depreciation, Assets"&gt;70&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxLiabilitiesPropertyPlantAndEquipment_iNI_pn3n3_di_msDTAGzMOW_c20230731_z2p3u4SWHszg" style="text-align: right" title="Depreciation, Liabilities"&gt;(585&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_409_ecustom--DeferredTaxLiabilitiesUnrealizedLossGainsOnTradingSecurities_iNI_pn3n3_di_msDTAGzMOW_z6m4SOiMAhm6" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;Unrealized gain&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;5,405&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;4,407&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40A_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwards_iI_pn3n3_maDTAGzMOW_zJvo0i8dbyrk" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;Net operating loss&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;36,967&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;23,870&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_409_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxAssetsGross_iTI_pn3n3_maDTALNzjVU_mtDTAGzMOW_zkFIQazc3n98" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Total deferred income tax assets&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;48,610&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;34,719&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance_iNI_pn3n3_di_msDTALNzjVU_zmvKYYg9Kwt7" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;Valuation allowance&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;(13,602&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(10,618&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxAssetsLiabilitiesNet_iTI_pn3n3_mtDTALNzjVU_zOhDVFNOcHZb" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;NET DEFERRED INCOME TAX ASSETS&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;35,008&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;24,101&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

</us-gaap:ScheduleOfDeferredTaxAssetsAndLiabilitiesTableTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccrualsAllowanceForDoubtfulAccounts
      contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002629"
      unitRef="USD">1588000</us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccrualsAllowanceForDoubtfulAccounts>
    <us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccrualsAllowanceForDoubtfulAccounts
      contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002630"
      unitRef="USD">1117000</us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccrualsAllowanceForDoubtfulAccounts>
    <us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccrualsAccruedLiabilities
      contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002632"
      unitRef="USD">2897000</us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccrualsAccruedLiabilities>
    <us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccrualsAccruedLiabilities
      contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002633"
      unitRef="USD">4825000</us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccrualsAccruedLiabilities>
    <us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseCompensationAndBenefitsShareBasedCompensationCost
      contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002635"
      unitRef="USD">929000</us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseCompensationAndBenefitsShareBasedCompensationCost>
    <us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseCompensationAndBenefitsShareBasedCompensationCost
      contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002636"
      unitRef="USD">361000</us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseCompensationAndBenefitsShareBasedCompensationCost>
    <us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsCharitableContributionCarryforwards
      contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002638"
      unitRef="USD">754000</us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsCharitableContributionCarryforwards>
    <us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsCharitableContributionCarryforwards
      contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002639"
      unitRef="USD">724000</us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsCharitableContributionCarryforwards>
    <us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsPropertyPlantAndEquipment
      contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002641"
      unitRef="USD">70000</us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsPropertyPlantAndEquipment>
    <us-gaap:DeferredTaxLiabilitiesPropertyPlantAndEquipment
      contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002643"
      unitRef="USD">585000</us-gaap:DeferredTaxLiabilitiesPropertyPlantAndEquipment>
    <IDT:DeferredTaxLiabilitiesUnrealizedLossGainsOnTradingSecurities
      contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002645"
      unitRef="USD">-5405000</IDT:DeferredTaxLiabilitiesUnrealizedLossGainsOnTradingSecurities>
    <IDT:DeferredTaxLiabilitiesUnrealizedLossGainsOnTradingSecurities
      contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002646"
      unitRef="USD">-4407000</IDT:DeferredTaxLiabilitiesUnrealizedLossGainsOnTradingSecurities>
    <us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwards
      contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002648"
      unitRef="USD">36967000</us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwards>
    <us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwards
      contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002649"
      unitRef="USD">23870000</us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwards>
    <us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsGross
      contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002651"
      unitRef="USD">48610000</us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsGross>
    <us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsGross
      contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002652"
      unitRef="USD">34719000</us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsGross>
    <us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance
      contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002654"
      unitRef="USD">13602000</us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance>
    <us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance
      contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002655"
      unitRef="USD">10618000</us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance>
    <us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsLiabilitiesNet
      contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002657"
      unitRef="USD">35008000</us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsLiabilitiesNet>
    <us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsLiabilitiesNet
      contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002658"
      unitRef="USD">24101000</us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsLiabilitiesNet>
    <us-gaap:ScheduleOfComponentsOfIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitTableTextBlock contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" id="Fact002660">&lt;p id="xdx_897_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfComponentsOfIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitTableTextBlock_zbKNg6ZaLzx" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
(provision for) benefit from income taxes consist of the following:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8B2_zqcZmUNZViIi" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule
of (Provision for) Benefits from Income Taxes&lt;/span&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"&gt;&lt;p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;Year ended July 31&lt;/p&gt;
                                               &lt;p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_491_20230801__20240731_zgmahbZPhy33" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_493_20220801__20230731_zWehofv64V9j" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_495_20210801__20220731_zahb6195lex1" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2022&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;Current:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40A_eus-gaap--CurrentFederalTaxExpenseBenefit_iN_pn3n3_di_maCITEBzYVZ_zb4hCu6mKGmf" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; width: 52%"&gt;Federal&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 12%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;(38&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;(47&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;(45&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--CurrentStateAndLocalTaxExpenseBenefit_iN_pn3n3_di_maCITEBzYVZ_z35iDv0BQJNk" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;State and local&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;(2,716&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(1,511&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(863&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_406_eus-gaap--CurrentForeignTaxExpenseBenefit_iN_pn3n3_di_maCITEBzYVZ_z7u2x6oZe7bg" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Foreign&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;(724&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(1,275&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(729&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40C_eus-gaap--CurrentIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_iNT_pn3n3_di_mtCITEBzYVZ_maITEBz2xK_zAp3VOmmb6Ab" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="display: none; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Current&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;(3,478&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(2,833&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(1,637&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;Deferred:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40B_eus-gaap--DeferredFederalIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_iN_pn3n3_di_maDITEBzjME_zpXY5BjZjzc1" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt"&gt;Federal&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;9,725&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(14,340&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(2,596&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--DeferredStateAndLocalIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_iN_pn3n3_di_maDITEBzjME_zvJeHr1NXzA7" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;State and local&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;(261&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;16&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(19&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--DeferredForeignIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_iN_pn3n3_di_maDITEBzjME_zHM6sVUvBGSi" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Foreign&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;368&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;716&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(1,626&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_iNT_pn3n3_di_mtDITEBzjME_maITEBz2xK_zujMESpEYOA9" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;span style="display: none; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Deferred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;9,832&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(13,608&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(4,241&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_iNT_pn3n3_di_mtITEBz2xK_zn8e64wuNigg" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;BENEFIT FROM (PROVISION FOR) INCOME TAXES&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;6,354&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(16,441&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(5,878&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

</us-gaap:ScheduleOfComponentsOfIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitTableTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:CurrentFederalTaxExpenseBenefit
      contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002662"
      unitRef="USD">38000</us-gaap:CurrentFederalTaxExpenseBenefit>
    <us-gaap:CurrentFederalTaxExpenseBenefit
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002663"
      unitRef="USD">47000</us-gaap:CurrentFederalTaxExpenseBenefit>
    <us-gaap:CurrentFederalTaxExpenseBenefit
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002664"
      unitRef="USD">45000</us-gaap:CurrentFederalTaxExpenseBenefit>
    <us-gaap:CurrentStateAndLocalTaxExpenseBenefit
      contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002666"
      unitRef="USD">2716000</us-gaap:CurrentStateAndLocalTaxExpenseBenefit>
    <us-gaap:CurrentStateAndLocalTaxExpenseBenefit
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002667"
      unitRef="USD">1511000</us-gaap:CurrentStateAndLocalTaxExpenseBenefit>
    <us-gaap:CurrentStateAndLocalTaxExpenseBenefit
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002668"
      unitRef="USD">863000</us-gaap:CurrentStateAndLocalTaxExpenseBenefit>
    <us-gaap:CurrentForeignTaxExpenseBenefit
      contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002670"
      unitRef="USD">724000</us-gaap:CurrentForeignTaxExpenseBenefit>
    <us-gaap:CurrentForeignTaxExpenseBenefit
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002671"
      unitRef="USD">1275000</us-gaap:CurrentForeignTaxExpenseBenefit>
    <us-gaap:CurrentForeignTaxExpenseBenefit
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002672"
      unitRef="USD">729000</us-gaap:CurrentForeignTaxExpenseBenefit>
    <us-gaap:CurrentIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit
      contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002674"
      unitRef="USD">3478000</us-gaap:CurrentIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit>
    <us-gaap:CurrentIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002675"
      unitRef="USD">2833000</us-gaap:CurrentIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit>
    <us-gaap:CurrentIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002676"
      unitRef="USD">1637000</us-gaap:CurrentIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit>
    <us-gaap:DeferredFederalIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit
      contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002678"
      unitRef="USD">-9725000</us-gaap:DeferredFederalIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit>
    <us-gaap:DeferredFederalIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002679"
      unitRef="USD">14340000</us-gaap:DeferredFederalIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit>
    <us-gaap:DeferredFederalIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002680"
      unitRef="USD">2596000</us-gaap:DeferredFederalIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit>
    <us-gaap:DeferredStateAndLocalIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit
      contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002682"
      unitRef="USD">261000</us-gaap:DeferredStateAndLocalIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit>
    <us-gaap:DeferredStateAndLocalIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002683"
      unitRef="USD">-16000</us-gaap:DeferredStateAndLocalIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit>
    <us-gaap:DeferredStateAndLocalIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002684"
      unitRef="USD">19000</us-gaap:DeferredStateAndLocalIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit>
    <us-gaap:DeferredForeignIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit
      contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002686"
      unitRef="USD">-368000</us-gaap:DeferredForeignIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit>
    <us-gaap:DeferredForeignIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002687"
      unitRef="USD">-716000</us-gaap:DeferredForeignIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit>
    <us-gaap:DeferredForeignIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002688"
      unitRef="USD">1626000</us-gaap:DeferredForeignIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit>
    <us-gaap:DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit
      contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002690"
      unitRef="USD">-9832000</us-gaap:DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit>
    <us-gaap:DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002691"
      unitRef="USD">13608000</us-gaap:DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit>
    <us-gaap:DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002692"
      unitRef="USD">4241000</us-gaap:DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit>
    <us-gaap:IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit
      contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002694"
      unitRef="USD">-6354000</us-gaap:IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit>
    <us-gaap:IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002695"
      unitRef="USD">16441000</us-gaap:IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit>
    <us-gaap:IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002696"
      unitRef="USD">5878000</us-gaap:IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit>
    <us-gaap:ScheduleOfEffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationTableTextBlock contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" id="Fact002698">&lt;p id="xdx_898_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfEffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationTableTextBlock_zDmJssW6uss9" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
differences between income taxes expected at the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate and income taxes provided are as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8B9_zJRU7hlueoei" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule
of Differences Between Income Taxes Expected Federal Statutory Income Taxes&lt;/span&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"&gt;&lt;p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;Year ended July 31&lt;/p&gt;
        &lt;p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_498_20230801__20240731_zQIRYTpUcoQl" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_491_20220801__20230731_zE8Z8BDeGYea" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49C_20210801__20220731_zgJN1CDpi3qc" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2022&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--IncomeTaxReconciliationIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate_iN_pn3n3_di_maITEBzt8p_zElLPqSYl9ti" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 52%; text-align: left"&gt;U.S. federal income tax at statutory rate&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 12%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;(13,001&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;(12,770&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;(7,325&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--IncomeTaxReconciliationChangeInDeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance_iN_pn3n3_di_maITEBzt8p_z5eSREebgLU5" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Valuation allowance&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;2,984&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;970&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;1,147&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--IncomeTaxReconciliationForeignIncomeTaxRateDifferential_iN_pn3n3_di_maITEBzt8p_zUfky1yoH022" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Foreign tax rate differential&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;(1,636&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(1,068&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(1,059&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_404_eus-gaap--IncomeTaxReconciliationNondeductibleExpenseOther_iN_pn3n3_di_maITEBzt8p_ztc6pfUL20Vl" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Nondeductible expenses&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;(1,159&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(1,767&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;2,044&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

  &lt;tr id="xdx_40B_ecustom--IncomeTaxReconciliationRevaluationOfExistingForeignAttributes_iN_pn3n3_di_maITEBzt8p_zln59YDufQil" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Revaluation of existing foreign attributes&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;p style="margin: 0"&gt;(2,886&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;p style="margin: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2717"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;p style="margin: 0"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2718"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_403_eus-gaap--IncomeTaxReconciliationPriorYearIncomeTaxes_iN_pn3n3_di_maITEBzt8p_zjgpELpuWvPk" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Prior year benefit&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;23,622&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2721"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2722"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_403_eus-gaap--IncomeTaxReconciliationStateAndLocalIncomeTaxes_iN_pn3n3_di_maITEBzt8p_zfRvfFiA06X5" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;State and local income tax, net of federal benefit&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;(1,855&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(1,181&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(686&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_406_eus-gaap--IncomeTaxReconciliationOtherAdjustments_iN_pn3n3_di_maITEBzt8p_zPdLiSXnDfNh" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Other&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;p style="margin: 0"&gt;285&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(625&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;1&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_iNT_pn3n3_di_mtITEBzt8p_zlJsj6IGV341" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;BENEFIT FROM (PROVISION FOR) INCOME TAXES&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;6,354&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(16,441&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(5,878&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

</us-gaap:ScheduleOfEffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationTableTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:IncomeTaxReconciliationIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate
      contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002700"
      unitRef="USD">13001000</us-gaap:IncomeTaxReconciliationIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate>
    <us-gaap:IncomeTaxReconciliationIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002701"
      unitRef="USD">12770000</us-gaap:IncomeTaxReconciliationIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate>
    <us-gaap:IncomeTaxReconciliationIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002702"
      unitRef="USD">7325000</us-gaap:IncomeTaxReconciliationIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate>
    <us-gaap:IncomeTaxReconciliationChangeInDeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance
      contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002704"
      unitRef="USD">-2984000</us-gaap:IncomeTaxReconciliationChangeInDeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance>
    <us-gaap:IncomeTaxReconciliationChangeInDeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002705"
      unitRef="USD">-970000</us-gaap:IncomeTaxReconciliationChangeInDeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance>
    <us-gaap:IncomeTaxReconciliationChangeInDeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002706"
      unitRef="USD">-1147000</us-gaap:IncomeTaxReconciliationChangeInDeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance>
    <us-gaap:IncomeTaxReconciliationForeignIncomeTaxRateDifferential
      contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002708"
      unitRef="USD">1636000</us-gaap:IncomeTaxReconciliationForeignIncomeTaxRateDifferential>
    <us-gaap:IncomeTaxReconciliationForeignIncomeTaxRateDifferential
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002709"
      unitRef="USD">1068000</us-gaap:IncomeTaxReconciliationForeignIncomeTaxRateDifferential>
    <us-gaap:IncomeTaxReconciliationForeignIncomeTaxRateDifferential
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002710"
      unitRef="USD">1059000</us-gaap:IncomeTaxReconciliationForeignIncomeTaxRateDifferential>
    <us-gaap:IncomeTaxReconciliationNondeductibleExpenseOther
      contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002712"
      unitRef="USD">1159000</us-gaap:IncomeTaxReconciliationNondeductibleExpenseOther>
    <us-gaap:IncomeTaxReconciliationNondeductibleExpenseOther
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002713"
      unitRef="USD">1767000</us-gaap:IncomeTaxReconciliationNondeductibleExpenseOther>
    <us-gaap:IncomeTaxReconciliationNondeductibleExpenseOther
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002714"
      unitRef="USD">-2044000</us-gaap:IncomeTaxReconciliationNondeductibleExpenseOther>
    <IDT:IncomeTaxReconciliationRevaluationOfExistingForeignAttributes
      contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002716"
      unitRef="USD">2886000</IDT:IncomeTaxReconciliationRevaluationOfExistingForeignAttributes>
    <us-gaap:IncomeTaxReconciliationPriorYearIncomeTaxes
      contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002720"
      unitRef="USD">-23622000</us-gaap:IncomeTaxReconciliationPriorYearIncomeTaxes>
    <us-gaap:IncomeTaxReconciliationStateAndLocalIncomeTaxes
      contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002724"
      unitRef="USD">1855000</us-gaap:IncomeTaxReconciliationStateAndLocalIncomeTaxes>
    <us-gaap:IncomeTaxReconciliationStateAndLocalIncomeTaxes
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002725"
      unitRef="USD">1181000</us-gaap:IncomeTaxReconciliationStateAndLocalIncomeTaxes>
    <us-gaap:IncomeTaxReconciliationStateAndLocalIncomeTaxes
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002726"
      unitRef="USD">686000</us-gaap:IncomeTaxReconciliationStateAndLocalIncomeTaxes>
    <us-gaap:IncomeTaxReconciliationOtherAdjustments
      contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002728"
      unitRef="USD">-285000</us-gaap:IncomeTaxReconciliationOtherAdjustments>
    <us-gaap:IncomeTaxReconciliationOtherAdjustments
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002729"
      unitRef="USD">625000</us-gaap:IncomeTaxReconciliationOtherAdjustments>
    <us-gaap:IncomeTaxReconciliationOtherAdjustments
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002730"
      unitRef="USD">-1000</us-gaap:IncomeTaxReconciliationOtherAdjustments>
    <us-gaap:IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit
      contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002732"
      unitRef="USD">-6354000</us-gaap:IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit>
    <us-gaap:IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002733"
      unitRef="USD">16441000</us-gaap:IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit>
    <us-gaap:IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002734"
      unitRef="USD">5878000</us-gaap:IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit>
    <us-gaap:UndistributedEarningsOfForeignSubsidiaries
      contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31"
      decimals="-6"
      id="Fact002736"
      unitRef="USD">297000000</us-gaap:UndistributedEarningsOfForeignSubsidiaries>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLossCarryforwards
      contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31"
      decimals="-6"
      id="Fact002737"
      unitRef="USD">86000000</us-gaap:OperatingLossCarryforwards>
    <IDT:OperatingLossExpirationDescription contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" id="Fact002739">U.S. federal net operating loss carryforwards of $83 million expire in fiscal
2028 through fiscal 2038, and $3 million do not expire.</IDT:OperatingLossExpirationDescription>
    <us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwardsSubjectToExpiration
      contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31"
      decimals="-6"
      id="Fact002741"
      unitRef="USD">83000000</us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwardsSubjectToExpiration>
    <IDT:DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwardsNoExpiration
      contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31"
      decimals="-6"
      id="Fact002743"
      unitRef="USD">3000000</IDT:DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwardsNoExpiration>
    <us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwardsForeign
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      decimals="-6"
      id="Fact002745"
      unitRef="USD">74000000</us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwardsForeign>
    <IDT:ForeignNetOperatingLossCarryForwardsNoExpiration
      contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31"
      decimals="-6"
      id="Fact002747"
      unitRef="USD">63000000</IDT:ForeignNetOperatingLossCarryForwardsNoExpiration>
    <IDT:ForeignNetOperatingLossCarryForwardsExpirationTwoToTenYears
      contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31"
      decimals="-6"
      id="Fact002748"
      unitRef="USD">10000000</IDT:ForeignNetOperatingLossCarryForwardsExpirationTwoToTenYears>
    <IDT:ForeignNetOperatingLossCarryForwardsExpirationTwentyYears
      contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31"
      decimals="-6"
      id="Fact002749"
      unitRef="USD">1000000</IDT:ForeignNetOperatingLossCarryForwardsExpirationTwentyYears>
    <IDT:NetOperatingLossCarryForwardsYearOfExpiration
      contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_srt_SubsidiariesMember"
      id="Fact002751">The Company&#x2019;s subsidiary, net2phone, has additional U.S. federal net operating loss carryforwards
of approximately $11 million, which will expire through fiscal 2027.</IDT:NetOperatingLossCarryForwardsYearOfExpiration>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLossCarryforwards
      contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31_srt_SubsidiariesMember"
      decimals="-6"
      id="Fact002753"
      unitRef="USD">11000000</us-gaap:OperatingLossCarryforwards>
    <IDT:SubsidiaryTaxNetOperatingLossCarryForwardsAnnualLimitAmountUnderInternalRevenueCode
      contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_srt_SubsidiariesMember"
      decimals="-6"
      id="Fact002755"
      unitRef="USD">7000000</IDT:SubsidiaryTaxNetOperatingLossCarryForwardsAnnualLimitAmountUnderInternalRevenueCode>
    <IDT:SubsidiaryTaxNetOperatingLossCarryForwardsAnnualLimitAmountUnderInternalRevenueCodeAdjustedAmount
      contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_srt_SubsidiariesMember"
      decimals="-6"
      id="Fact002757"
      unitRef="USD">9000000</IDT:SubsidiaryTaxNetOperatingLossCarryForwardsAnnualLimitAmountUnderInternalRevenueCodeAdjustedAmount>
    <us-gaap:IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit
      contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_srt_SubsidiariesMember"
      decimals="-5"
      id="Fact002759"
      unitRef="USD">23600000</us-gaap:IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit>
    <us-gaap:SummaryOfValuationAllowanceTextBlock contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" id="Fact002761">&lt;p id="xdx_89B_eus-gaap--SummaryOfValuationAllowanceTextBlock_z25n9Hf1aK16" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
change in the valuation allowance is as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8B4_zdwUlEtM7O3" style="display: none"&gt;Summary
of Changes in Valuation Allowance&lt;/span&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: left; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;Year ended July 31&lt;/p&gt;
        &lt;p style="text-align: left; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;Balance at&lt;/p&gt;
                    &lt;p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;beginning of&lt;/p&gt;
                    &lt;p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;year&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;Additions&lt;/p&gt;
                    &lt;p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;charged to&lt;/p&gt;
                    &lt;p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;costs and&lt;/p&gt;
                    &lt;p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;expenses&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;Deductions&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;Balance at&lt;/p&gt;
                    &lt;p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;end of year&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;Reserves deducted from deferred income taxes, net:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 20pt; width: 36%; text-align: left"&gt;Valuation allowance&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance_iS_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731_zopn0enxiCti" style="width: 12%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Balance at beginning of year"&gt;10,618&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98A_eus-gaap--ValuationAllowancesAndReservesChargedToCostAndExpense_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731_zniOpmMhjcol" style="width: 12%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Additions charged to costs and expenses"&gt;2,984&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--ValuationAllowancesAndReservesDeductions_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731_zOyuNLTq3zl" style="width: 12%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Deductions"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2767"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance_iE_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731_zVxcLg5ZudK9" style="width: 12%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Balance at end of year"&gt;13,602&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;Reserves deducted from deferred income taxes, net:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 20pt; text-align: left"&gt;Valuation allowance&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance_iS_pn3n3_c20220801__20230731_zKGJiMXVL3Yd" style="text-align: right" title="Balance at beginning of year"&gt;11,588&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--ValuationAllowancesAndReservesChargedToCostAndExpense_pn3n3_c20220801__20230731_zZ4z7XgoCTR7" style="text-align: right" title="Additions charged to costs and expenses"&gt;2,537&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--ValuationAllowancesAndReservesDeductions_pn3n3_c20220801__20230731_zU4fRQqc1qSc" style="text-align: right" title="Deductions"&gt;(3,507&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance_iE_pn3n3_c20220801__20230731_zQdnYbiQTx65" style="text-align: right" title="Balance at end of year"&gt;10,618&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;2022&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;Reserves deducted from deferred income taxes, net:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 20pt; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;Valuation allowance&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance_iS_pn3n3_c20210801__20220731_zCZ00jfS8hlg" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Balance at beginning of year"&gt;11,540&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--ValuationAllowancesAndReservesChargedToCostAndExpense_pn3n3_c20210801__20220731_zcg8lgQPurCe" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Additions charged to costs and expenses"&gt;48&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--ValuationAllowancesAndReservesDeductions_pn3n3_c20210801__20220731_zt9La48f8gGc" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Deductions"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2783"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance_iE_pn3n3_c20210801__20220731_zdfJaXm0Y4l3" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Balance at end of year"&gt;11,588&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

</us-gaap:SummaryOfValuationAllowanceTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance
      contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002763"
      unitRef="USD">10618000</us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance>
    <us-gaap:ValuationAllowancesAndReservesChargedToCostAndExpense
      contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002765"
      unitRef="USD">2984000</us-gaap:ValuationAllowancesAndReservesChargedToCostAndExpense>
    <us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance
      contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002769"
      unitRef="USD">13602000</us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance>
    <us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance
      contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002771"
      unitRef="USD">11588000</us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance>
    <us-gaap:ValuationAllowancesAndReservesChargedToCostAndExpense
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002773"
      unitRef="USD">2537000</us-gaap:ValuationAllowancesAndReservesChargedToCostAndExpense>
    <us-gaap:ValuationAllowancesAndReservesDeductions
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002775"
      unitRef="USD">-3507000</us-gaap:ValuationAllowancesAndReservesDeductions>
    <us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance
      contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002777"
      unitRef="USD">10618000</us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance>
    <us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance
      contextRef="AsOf2021-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002779"
      unitRef="USD">11540000</us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance>
    <us-gaap:ValuationAllowancesAndReservesChargedToCostAndExpense
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002781"
      unitRef="USD">48000</us-gaap:ValuationAllowancesAndReservesChargedToCostAndExpense>
    <us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance
      contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002785"
      unitRef="USD">11588000</us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance>
    <us-gaap:ValuationAllowanceDeferredTaxAssetChangeInAmount
      contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_custom_ValuationAllowanceUtilizedFutureExpenseMember"
      decimals="-5"
      id="Fact002787"
      unitRef="USD">3000000.0</us-gaap:ValuationAllowanceDeferredTaxAssetChangeInAmount>
    <us-gaap:ValuationAllowancesAndReservesChargedToCostAndExpense
      contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_custom_ValuationAllowanceUtilizedFutureExpenseMember"
      decimals="-5"
      id="Fact002789"
      unitRef="USD">3500000</us-gaap:ValuationAllowancesAndReservesChargedToCostAndExpense>
    <us-gaap:ValuationAllowancesAndReservesPeriodIncreaseDecrease
      contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_custom_ValuationAllowanceUtilizedFutureExpenseMember"
      decimals="-5"
      id="Fact002791"
      unitRef="USD">200000</us-gaap:ValuationAllowancesAndReservesPeriodIncreaseDecrease>
    <us-gaap:ValuationAllowancesAndReservesDeductions
      contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_custom_ValuationAllowanceUtilizedFutureExpenseMember"
      decimals="-5"
      id="Fact002793"
      unitRef="USD">300000</us-gaap:ValuationAllowancesAndReservesDeductions>
    <us-gaap:ValuationAllowanceDeferredTaxAssetChangeInAmount
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31_custom_ValuationAllowanceUtilizedFutureExpenseMember"
      decimals="-5"
      id="Fact002795"
      unitRef="USD">1000000.0</us-gaap:ValuationAllowanceDeferredTaxAssetChangeInAmount>
    <us-gaap:ValuationAllowancesAndReservesPeriodIncreaseDecrease
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31_custom_ValuationAllowanceUtilizedFutureExpenseMember"
      decimals="-5"
      id="Fact002797"
      unitRef="USD">2800000</us-gaap:ValuationAllowancesAndReservesPeriodIncreaseDecrease>
    <us-gaap:ValuationAllowancesAndReservesDeductions
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31_custom_ValuationAllowanceUtilizedFutureExpenseMember"
      decimals="-5"
      id="Fact002799"
      unitRef="USD">700000</us-gaap:ValuationAllowancesAndReservesDeductions>
    <us-gaap:ValuationAllowancesAndReservesChargedToCostAndExpense
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31_custom_ValuationAllowanceUtilizedFutureExpenseMember"
      decimals="-5"
      id="Fact002801"
      unitRef="USD">2500000</us-gaap:ValuationAllowancesAndReservesChargedToCostAndExpense>
    <us-gaap:StockholdersEquityNoteDisclosureTextBlock contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" id="Fact002803">&lt;p id="xdx_80A_eus-gaap--StockholdersEquityNoteDisclosureTextBlock_zyFTGolhLoqg" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Note
20&#x2014;&lt;span id="xdx_825_zD18aVDGfHjc"&gt;Equity&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Class
A Common Stock and Class B Common Stock&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
rights of holders of Class A common stock and Class B common stock are identical except for certain voting and conversion rights and
restrictions on transferability. The holders of Class A common stock and Class B common stock receive identical dividends per share when
and if declared by the Company&#x2019;s Board of Directors. In addition, the holders of Class A common stock and Class B common stock
have identical and equal priority rights per share in liquidation. The Class A common stock and Class B common stock do not have any
other contractual participation rights. The holders of Class A common stock are entitled to three votes per share and the holders of
Class B common stock are entitled to one-tenth of a vote per share. Each share of Class A common stock may be converted into one share
of Class B common stock, at any time, at the option of the holder. Shares of Class A common stock are subject to certain limitations
on transferability that do not apply to shares of Class B common stock.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Dividend
Payments&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;In
March 2024, the Company&#x2019;s Board of Directors initiated a quarterly cash dividend of $&lt;span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--CommonStockDividendsPerShareCashPaid_c20240301__20240331__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--CommonClassAandBMember_zAxpf3RjSCZ9" title="Cash dividend per share"&gt;0.05&lt;/span&gt; per share on the Company&#x2019;s Class
A and Class B common stock. In fiscal 2024, the Company paid aggregate cash dividends of $&lt;span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--PaymentsOfDividends_pn5n6_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--CommonClassAandBMember_z1Q6ZtSEqTd" title="Cash dividend"&gt;2.5&lt;/span&gt; million on its Class A and Class B common
stock.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;In
September 2024, the Company&#x2019;s Board of Directors declared a dividend of $&lt;span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--CommonStockDividendsPerShareDeclared_c20240901__20240930__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--CommonClassAandBMember__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember_zt8JBgpK8y6j" title="Dividends declared  per share"&gt;0.05&lt;/span&gt; per share to holders of the Company&#x2019;s Class
A and Class B common stock. The dividend was paid on &lt;span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--DividendPayableDateToBePaidDayMonthAndYear_c20240901__20240930__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--CommonClassAandBMember__us-gaap--DividendsAxis__custom--O2024Q2DividendsMember__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember_zI4NidhLJW4l" title="Dividend paid date"&gt;October 7, 2024&lt;/span&gt; to stockholders of record as of the close of business on &lt;span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--DividendsPayableDateOfRecordDayMonthAndYear_c20240901__20240930__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--CommonClassAandBMember__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember__us-gaap--DividendsAxis__custom--O2024Q2DividendsMember_ztz6v5i2Q7E7" title="Dividend record date"&gt;September
30, 2024&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Stock
Repurchases&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company has an existing stock repurchase program authorized by its Board of Directors for the repurchase of shares of the Company&#x2019;s
Class B common stock. The Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to &lt;span id="xdx_90B_esrt--StockRepurchaseProgramNumberOfSharesAuthorizedToBeRepurchased_iI_pn5n6_c20240731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--ClassBCommonStockMember_zS9Dgvt88NJa"&gt;8.0&lt;/span&gt; million shares in the aggregate. In fiscal 2024,
the Company repurchased &lt;span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--TreasuryStockSharesAcquired_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--ClassBCommonStockMember_zeBGUhg1wrn2"&gt;298,421&lt;/span&gt; shares of Class B common stock for an aggregate purchase price of $&lt;span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--TreasuryStockValueAcquiredCostMethod_pn5n6_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--ClassBCommonStockMember_z2ozAVChCOz7"&gt;9.1&lt;/span&gt; million. In fiscal 2023, the Company
repurchased &lt;span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--TreasuryStockSharesAcquired_c20220801__20230731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--ClassBCommonStockMember_zrDWZWZhZOPc"&gt;511,546&lt;/span&gt; shares of Class B common stock for an aggregate purchase price of $&lt;span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--TreasuryStockValueAcquiredCostMethod_pn5n6_c20220801__20230731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--ClassBCommonStockMember_zcldK2gZqjN6"&gt;13.1&lt;/span&gt; million. In fiscal 2022, the Company repurchased
&lt;span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--TreasuryStockSharesAcquired_c20210801__20220731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--ClassBCommonStockMember_z2fpzP8P5224"&gt;554,744&lt;/span&gt; shares of Class B common stock for an aggregate purchase price of $&lt;span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--TreasuryStockValueAcquiredCostMethod_pn5n6_c20210801__20220731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--ClassBCommonStockMember_zPHG1b92hH7e"&gt;13.4&lt;/span&gt; million. At July 31, 2024, &lt;span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--StockRepurchaseProgramRemainingNumberOfSharesAuthorizedToBeRepurchased_iI_pn5n6_c20240731_zwMqiHsrfm4j"&gt;4.4&lt;/span&gt; million shares remained
available for repurchase under the stock repurchase program.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;In
the first quarter of fiscal 2025 through October 7, 2024, the Company repurchased &lt;span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--TreasuryStockSharesAcquired_c20240801__20241007__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--ClassBCommonStockMember_zXl70QDSS7Qd" title="Number of shares repurchased"&gt;37,714&lt;/span&gt; shares of its Class B common stock for an
aggregate purchase price of $&lt;span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--TreasuryStockValueAcquiredCostMethod_pn5n6_c20240801__20241007__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--ClassBCommonStockMember_zXLLNPJ1efei" title="Aggregate purchase price"&gt;1.3&lt;/span&gt; million.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;In
fiscal 2024, fiscal 2023, and fiscal 2022, the Company paid $&lt;span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--TreasuryStockValueAcquiredCostMethod_pn5n6_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--ClassBCommonStockMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--EmployeesMember_zzzdS111kaf6" title="Aggregate purchase price of shares repurchased"&gt;1.5&lt;/span&gt; million, $&lt;span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--TreasuryStockValueAcquiredCostMethod_pn5n6_c20220801__20230731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--ClassBCommonStockMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--EmployeesMember_zLbCMKL3w5ad" title="Aggregate purchase price of shares repurchased"&gt;0.8&lt;/span&gt; million, and $&lt;span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--TreasuryStockValueAcquiredCostMethod_pn5n6_c20210801__20220731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--ClassBCommonStockMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--EmployeesMember_zQkRBdRG3Js5" title="Aggregate purchase price of shares repurchased"&gt;9.0&lt;/span&gt; million, respectively, to repurchase
&lt;span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--TreasuryStockSharesAcquired_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--ClassBCommonStockMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--EmployeesMember_zHUdUUlwIude" title="Class B common stock shares repurchased"&gt;41,994&lt;/span&gt;; &lt;span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--TreasuryStockSharesAcquired_c20220801__20230731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--ClassBCommonStockMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--EmployeesMember_zj0ElPxb2vc4" title="Class B common stock shares repurchased"&gt;28,227&lt;/span&gt;; and &lt;span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--TreasuryStockSharesAcquired_c20210801__20220731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--ClassBCommonStockMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--EmployeesMember_znQhakPHFc4h" title="Class B common stock shares repurchased"&gt;200,438&lt;/span&gt;; respectively, of the Company&#x2019;s Class B common stock that were tendered by employees of the Company
to satisfy the employees&#x2019; tax withholding obligations in connection with the vesting of deferred stock units (&#x201c;DSUs&#x201d;),
the lapsing of restrictions on restricted stock, and shares issued for bonus payments. Such shares were repurchased by the Company based
on their fair market value as of the close of business on the trading day immediately prior to the vesting date.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#160;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#160;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Exchange
of NRS Equity for Shares of the Company&#x2019;s Class B Common Stock and Cash&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;In
June 2024, the Company initiated a tender offer to purchase &lt;span id="xdx_90C_ecustom--TenderOfferNRSOutstandingDSUsPercentage_pid_dp_c20240601__20240630__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--ClassBCommonStockMember__us-gaap--SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis__custom--NRSAndDSUMember_zTaH5Jwokwz4" title="Tender offer NRS outstanding DSUs percentage"&gt;10&lt;/span&gt;%
of each qualified holder&#x2019;s outstanding DSUs of NRS in exchange for cash or shares of the Company&#x2019;s Class B common stock.
In July 2024, certain qualified holders tendered and sold an aggregate of &lt;span id="xdx_90C_ecustom--SaleOfDSUNumberOfDSUSold_pid_c20240701__20240731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--ClassBCommonStockMember__us-gaap--SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis__custom--NRSAndDSUMember_zWi0ZtZ34FMk" title="Sale of DSU number of DSU sold"&gt;199,687&lt;/span&gt;
NRS DSUs to the Company, and, as a condition of the tender offer, each DSU seller granted to the Company an option, exercisable in
the Company&#x2019;s sole discretion for a period of one year, to purchase an additional aggregate &lt;span id="xdx_90F_ecustom--SaleOfDSUNumberOfDSUSubjectToOptionToPurchase_c20240701__20240731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--ClassBCommonStockMember__us-gaap--SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis__custom--NRSAndDSUMember_zhuE6sMxFoTd" title="Sale of DSU number of DSU subject to option to purchase"&gt;199,687&lt;/span&gt;
DSUs at the same purchase price. In addition, in July 2024, certain holders of NRS DSUs and shares of NRS&#x2019; Class B common
stock sold an aggregate of &lt;span id="xdx_905_ecustom--SaleOfDSUAndCommonStockNumberOfDSUSold_pid_c20240701__20240731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--ClassBCommonStockMember__us-gaap--SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis__custom--NRSAndDSUMember_z3TcTfGRLoj" title="Sale of DSU and common stock number of DSU sold"&gt;10,000&lt;/span&gt;
NRS DSUs and &lt;span id="xdx_905_ecustom--SaleOfDSUAndCommonStockNumberOfSharesOfCommonStockSold_pid_c20240701__20240731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--ClassBCommonStockMember__us-gaap--SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis__custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember_zWlWvOuYOaQb" title="Sale of DSU and common stock number of shares of common stock sold"&gt;142,500&lt;/span&gt;
shares of NRS&#x2019; Class B common stock to the Company, and, each of these sellers granted to the Company an option, exercisable
in the Company&#x2019;s sole discretion for a period of one year, to purchase an additional aggregate &lt;span id="xdx_90A_ecustom--SaleOfDSUAndCommonStockNumberOfDSUSubjectToOptionToPurchase_pid_c20240701__20240731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--ClassBCommonStockMember__us-gaap--SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis__custom--NRSAndDSUMember_zz9toTg17ar1" title="Sale of DSU and common stock number of DSU subject to option to purchase"&gt;10,000&lt;/span&gt;
NRS DSUs and &lt;span id="xdx_90E_ecustom--SaleOfDSUAndCommonStockNumberOfSharesOfCommonStockSubjectToOptionToPurchase_pid_c20240701__20240731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--ClassBCommonStockMember__us-gaap--SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis__custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember_zTzd8a1RgoUj" title="Sale of DSU and common stock number of DSU subject to option to purchase"&gt;142,500&lt;/span&gt;
shares of NRS&#x2019; Class B common stock with the purchase price to be paid in shares of the Company&#x2019;s Class B common stock
with a value based on an average closing price of the Company&#x2019;s Class B common stock at the time of the exercise notice. The
NRS DSUs and shares in the exchange represented an aggregate of &lt;span id="xdx_906_ecustom--PurchaseOfDSUAndStockPercentageOfSubsidiaryEquityPurchasedInTransaction_pid_dp_c20240701__20240731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--ClassBCommonStockMember__us-gaap--SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis__custom--NRSMember_zOug2Zsj5SS2" title="Purchase of DSU and stock percentage of subsidiary equity purchase in transaction"&gt;0.2&lt;/span&gt;%
of NRS&#x2019; outstanding capital stock on a fully diluted basis. The NRS DSUs and shares were exchanged for an aggregate of &lt;span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--CommonStockSharesIssued_iI_pid_c20240731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--ClassBCommonStockMember__us-gaap--SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis__custom--NRSAndDSUMember_zlFPKolAzdhg" title="Common stock issued"&gt;13,042&lt;/span&gt;
and &lt;span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--CommonStockSharesIssued_iI_pid_c20240831__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--ClassBCommonStockMember__us-gaap--SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis__custom--NRSAndDSUMember__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember_zt1JaKt3LEZi" title="Common stock issued"&gt;12,094&lt;/span&gt;
shares of the Company&#x2019;s Class B common stock that were issued in July 2024 and August 2024, respectively, and cash of $&lt;span id="xdx_905_ecustom--CashPaidForPurchaseOfSubsidiaryDSUAndSharesOfCommonStock_iI_pn5n6_c20240731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--ClassBCommonStockMember__us-gaap--SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis__custom--NRSAndDSUMember_zNtas94foVx5" title="Cash paid for purchase of subsidiary DSU and shares of common stock"&gt;0.1&lt;/span&gt;
million, with an aggregate value of $&lt;span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues_pn5n6_c20240701__20240731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--ClassBCommonStockMember__us-gaap--SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis__custom--NRSAndDSUMember_zpbAOEb8ZmQ1" title="Issuance of shares"&gt;1.0&lt;/span&gt;
million based on agreed-upon valuations of the NRS DSUs and NRS Class B common stock and the market value of the Company&#x2019;s Class B common stock at the time of issuance. The Company accounted for the exchange of
NRS&#x2019; Class B common stock for shares of the Company&#x2019;s Class B common stock as an equity transaction and recorded a
decrease in &#x201c;Noncontrolling interests&#x201d; and an increase in &#x201c;Additional paid-in capital&#x201d; of $&lt;span id="xdx_90B_ecustom--StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueExchangeOfSharesForCommonStock_pn3d_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--ClassBCommonStockMember__us-gaap--SubsidiarySaleOfStockAxis__custom--NRSAndDSUMember_zuLpsIBKtHGl" title="Additional paid in capital"&gt;13,000&lt;/span&gt;,
based on the carrying amount of the &lt;span id="xdx_90A_ecustom--NoncontrollingInterestPercentage_pid_dp_c20240701__20240731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--ClassBCommonStockMember_zHuVMDGneByj" title="Noncontrolling interest poercentage"&gt;0.09&lt;/span&gt;%
noncontrolling interest in NRS. The Company accounted for the exchange of NRS&#x2019; DSUs for shares of the Company&#x2019;s Class B
common stock and cash as compensation expense and recorded stock-based compensation expense of $&lt;span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensation_pn5n6_c20240701__20240731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--ClassBCommonStockMember_zisNYx0ERxH1" title="Share based compensation"&gt;0.5&lt;/span&gt;
million based on the closing price of the shares of the Company&#x2019;s Class B common stock on the date prior to the date that the
shares were issued plus the cash paid.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;In
January 2024, three management employees of NRS exchanged shares of NRS&#x2019; Class B common stock that they held for shares of the
Company&#x2019;s Class B common stock with an equal value. The NRS shares in the exchange represented an aggregate of &lt;span id="xdx_900_ecustom--ExchangeOfOutstandingSharesPercentage_dp_uPure_c20240101__20240131__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_zyEZKbisqVwe" title="Exchange of outstanding shares percentage"&gt;1.25&lt;/span&gt;%
of NRS&#x2019; outstanding shares (&lt;span id="xdx_90F_ecustom--ExchangeOfOutstandingSharesPercentageOnDilutedBasis_dp_uPure_c20240101__20240131__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_zTVgiluy25mf" title="Exchange of outstanding shares percentage on diluted basis"&gt;1.21&lt;/span&gt;% on a fully diluted basis), which were exchanged for an aggregate of &lt;span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues_c20240101__20240131__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_zAzfbuj0pcx" title="Number of shares during period"&gt;192,433&lt;/span&gt;
shares of the Company&#x2019;s Class B common stock. The Company accounted for the exchange as an equity transaction and recorded a
decrease in &#x201c;Noncontrolling interests&#x201d; and an increase in &#x201c;Additional paid-in capital&#x201d; of $&lt;span id="xdx_90B_ecustom--StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueExchangeOfSharesForCommonStock_pn5n6_c20240101__20240131__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_z6M2yLwN4z4l" title="Exchange of NRS shares for Class B common stock"&gt;0.1&lt;/span&gt;
million, based on the carrying amount of the &lt;span id="xdx_90F_ecustom--ExchangeOfOutstandingSharesPercentage_dp_uPure_c20240101__20240131_zN84HYR9zYu5" title="Exchange of outstanding shares percentage"&gt;1.25&lt;/span&gt;%
noncontrolling interest in NRS.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#160;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Stock
Issued to Certain Executive Officers for Bonus Payments&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;In
fiscal 2023, certain executive officers of the Company received performance bonuses for fiscal 2022 of an aggregate of $&lt;span id="xdx_90E_ecustom--PerformanceBonusPaidInCashStock_pn5n6_c20220801__20230731__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__srt--ExecutiveOfficerMember_z6F3cOgedimh" title="Performance bonus paid in cash stock"&gt;1.2&lt;/span&gt; million,
of which one-half was paid in cash and one-half was paid in shares of the Company&#x2019;s Class B common stock. The Company issued &lt;span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues_c20220801__20230731__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__srt--ExecutiveOfficerMember__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_zIaaxBSXLbnk" title="Issuance of shares"&gt;24,543&lt;/span&gt;
shares of its Class B common stock with an issue date value of $&lt;span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues_pn5n6_c20220801__20230731__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__srt--ExecutiveOfficerMember__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_zazsLrgDFn19" title="Issuance of shares, value"&gt;0.6&lt;/span&gt; million for the bonus payments.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

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    <us-gaap:CommonStockDividendsPerShareCashPaid
      contextRef="From2024-03-012024-03-31_custom_CommonClassAandBMember"
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      contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_custom_CommonClassAandBMember"
      decimals="-5"
      id="Fact002807"
      unitRef="USD">2500000</us-gaap:PaymentsOfDividends>
    <us-gaap:CommonStockDividendsPerShareDeclared
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    <srt:StockRepurchaseProgramNumberOfSharesAuthorizedToBeRepurchased
      contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31_custom_ClassBCommonStockMember"
      decimals="-5"
      id="Fact002814"
      unitRef="Shares">8000000.0</srt:StockRepurchaseProgramNumberOfSharesAuthorizedToBeRepurchased>
    <us-gaap:TreasuryStockSharesAcquired
      contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_custom_ClassBCommonStockMember"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact002815"
      unitRef="Shares">298421</us-gaap:TreasuryStockSharesAcquired>
    <us-gaap:TreasuryStockValueAcquiredCostMethod
      contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_custom_ClassBCommonStockMember"
      decimals="-5"
      id="Fact002816"
      unitRef="USD">9100000</us-gaap:TreasuryStockValueAcquiredCostMethod>
    <us-gaap:TreasuryStockSharesAcquired
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31_custom_ClassBCommonStockMember"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact002817"
      unitRef="Shares">511546</us-gaap:TreasuryStockSharesAcquired>
    <us-gaap:TreasuryStockValueAcquiredCostMethod
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31_custom_ClassBCommonStockMember"
      decimals="-5"
      id="Fact002818"
      unitRef="USD">13100000</us-gaap:TreasuryStockValueAcquiredCostMethod>
    <us-gaap:TreasuryStockSharesAcquired
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31_custom_ClassBCommonStockMember"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact002819"
      unitRef="Shares">554744</us-gaap:TreasuryStockSharesAcquired>
    <us-gaap:TreasuryStockValueAcquiredCostMethod
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31_custom_ClassBCommonStockMember"
      decimals="-5"
      id="Fact002820"
      unitRef="USD">13400000</us-gaap:TreasuryStockValueAcquiredCostMethod>
    <us-gaap:StockRepurchaseProgramRemainingNumberOfSharesAuthorizedToBeRepurchased
      contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31"
      decimals="-5"
      id="Fact002821"
      unitRef="Shares">4400000</us-gaap:StockRepurchaseProgramRemainingNumberOfSharesAuthorizedToBeRepurchased>
    <us-gaap:TreasuryStockSharesAcquired
      contextRef="From2024-08-012024-10-07_custom_ClassBCommonStockMember"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact002823"
      unitRef="Shares">37714</us-gaap:TreasuryStockSharesAcquired>
    <us-gaap:TreasuryStockValueAcquiredCostMethod
      contextRef="From2024-08-012024-10-07_custom_ClassBCommonStockMember"
      decimals="-5"
      id="Fact002825"
      unitRef="USD">1300000</us-gaap:TreasuryStockValueAcquiredCostMethod>
    <us-gaap:TreasuryStockValueAcquiredCostMethod
      contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_custom_ClassBCommonStockMember_custom_EmployeesMember"
      decimals="-5"
      id="Fact002827"
      unitRef="USD">1500000</us-gaap:TreasuryStockValueAcquiredCostMethod>
    <us-gaap:TreasuryStockValueAcquiredCostMethod
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31_custom_ClassBCommonStockMember_custom_EmployeesMember"
      decimals="-5"
      id="Fact002829"
      unitRef="USD">800000</us-gaap:TreasuryStockValueAcquiredCostMethod>
    <us-gaap:TreasuryStockValueAcquiredCostMethod
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31_custom_ClassBCommonStockMember_custom_EmployeesMember"
      decimals="-5"
      id="Fact002831"
      unitRef="USD">9000000.0</us-gaap:TreasuryStockValueAcquiredCostMethod>
    <us-gaap:TreasuryStockSharesAcquired
      contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_custom_ClassBCommonStockMember_custom_EmployeesMember"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact002833"
      unitRef="Shares">41994</us-gaap:TreasuryStockSharesAcquired>
    <us-gaap:TreasuryStockSharesAcquired
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31_custom_ClassBCommonStockMember_custom_EmployeesMember"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact002835"
      unitRef="Shares">28227</us-gaap:TreasuryStockSharesAcquired>
    <us-gaap:TreasuryStockSharesAcquired
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31_custom_ClassBCommonStockMember_custom_EmployeesMember"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact002837"
      unitRef="Shares">200438</us-gaap:TreasuryStockSharesAcquired>
    <IDT:TenderOfferNRSOutstandingDSUsPercentage
      contextRef="From2024-06-012024-06-30_custom_ClassBCommonStockMember_custom_NRSAndDSUMember"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact002839"
      unitRef="Pure">0.10</IDT:TenderOfferNRSOutstandingDSUsPercentage>
    <IDT:SaleOfDSUNumberOfDSUSold
      contextRef="From2024-07-012024-07-31_custom_ClassBCommonStockMember_custom_NRSAndDSUMember"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact002841"
      unitRef="Shares">199687</IDT:SaleOfDSUNumberOfDSUSold>
    <IDT:SaleOfDSUNumberOfDSUSubjectToOptionToPurchase
      contextRef="From2024-07-012024-07-31_custom_ClassBCommonStockMember_custom_NRSAndDSUMember"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact002843"
      unitRef="Shares">199687</IDT:SaleOfDSUNumberOfDSUSubjectToOptionToPurchase>
    <IDT:SaleOfDSUAndCommonStockNumberOfDSUSold
      contextRef="From2024-07-012024-07-31_custom_ClassBCommonStockMember_custom_NRSAndDSUMember"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact002845"
      unitRef="Shares">10000</IDT:SaleOfDSUAndCommonStockNumberOfDSUSold>
    <IDT:SaleOfDSUAndCommonStockNumberOfSharesOfCommonStockSold
      contextRef="From2024-07-012024-07-31_custom_ClassBCommonStockMember_custom_NationalRetailSolutionsMember"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact002847"
      unitRef="Shares">142500</IDT:SaleOfDSUAndCommonStockNumberOfSharesOfCommonStockSold>
    <IDT:SaleOfDSUAndCommonStockNumberOfDSUSubjectToOptionToPurchase
      contextRef="From2024-07-012024-07-31_custom_ClassBCommonStockMember_custom_NRSAndDSUMember"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact002849"
      unitRef="Shares">10000</IDT:SaleOfDSUAndCommonStockNumberOfDSUSubjectToOptionToPurchase>
    <IDT:SaleOfDSUAndCommonStockNumberOfSharesOfCommonStockSubjectToOptionToPurchase
      contextRef="From2024-07-012024-07-31_custom_ClassBCommonStockMember_custom_NationalRetailSolutionsMember"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact002851"
      unitRef="Shares">142500</IDT:SaleOfDSUAndCommonStockNumberOfSharesOfCommonStockSubjectToOptionToPurchase>
    <IDT:PurchaseOfDSUAndStockPercentageOfSubsidiaryEquityPurchasedInTransaction
      contextRef="From2024-07-012024-07-31_custom_ClassBCommonStockMember_custom_NRSMember"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact002853"
      unitRef="Pure">0.002</IDT:PurchaseOfDSUAndStockPercentageOfSubsidiaryEquityPurchasedInTransaction>
    <us-gaap:CommonStockSharesIssued
      contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31_custom_ClassBCommonStockMember_custom_NRSAndDSUMember"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact002855"
      unitRef="Shares">13042</us-gaap:CommonStockSharesIssued>
    <us-gaap:CommonStockSharesIssued
      contextRef="AsOf2024-08-31_custom_ClassBCommonStockMember_custom_NRSAndDSUMember_us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact002857"
      unitRef="Shares">12094</us-gaap:CommonStockSharesIssued>
    <IDT:CashPaidForPurchaseOfSubsidiaryDSUAndSharesOfCommonStock
      contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31_custom_ClassBCommonStockMember_custom_NRSAndDSUMember"
      decimals="-5"
      id="Fact002859"
      unitRef="USD">100000</IDT:CashPaidForPurchaseOfSubsidiaryDSUAndSharesOfCommonStock>
    <us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues
      contextRef="From2024-07-012024-07-31_custom_ClassBCommonStockMember_custom_NRSAndDSUMember"
      decimals="-5"
      id="Fact002861"
      unitRef="USD">1000000.0</us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues>
    <IDT:StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueExchangeOfSharesForCommonStock
      contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_custom_ClassBCommonStockMember_custom_NRSAndDSUMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002863"
      unitRef="USD">13000</IDT:StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueExchangeOfSharesForCommonStock>
    <IDT:NoncontrollingInterestPercentage
      contextRef="From2024-07-012024-07-31_custom_ClassBCommonStockMember"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact002865"
      unitRef="Pure">0.0009</IDT:NoncontrollingInterestPercentage>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensation
      contextRef="From2024-07-012024-07-31_custom_ClassBCommonStockMember"
      decimals="-5"
      id="Fact002867"
      unitRef="USD">500000</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensation>
    <IDT:ExchangeOfOutstandingSharesPercentage
      contextRef="From2024-01-012024-01-31_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact002869"
      unitRef="Pure">0.0125</IDT:ExchangeOfOutstandingSharesPercentage>
    <IDT:ExchangeOfOutstandingSharesPercentageOnDilutedBasis
      contextRef="From2024-01-012024-01-31_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact002871"
      unitRef="Pure">0.0121</IDT:ExchangeOfOutstandingSharesPercentageOnDilutedBasis>
    <us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues
      contextRef="From2024-01-012024-01-31_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact002873"
      unitRef="Shares">192433</us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues>
    <IDT:StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueExchangeOfSharesForCommonStock
      contextRef="From2024-01-012024-01-31_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember"
      decimals="-5"
      id="Fact002875"
      unitRef="USD">100000</IDT:StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueExchangeOfSharesForCommonStock>
    <IDT:ExchangeOfOutstandingSharesPercentage
      contextRef="From2024-01-012024-01-31"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact002877"
      unitRef="Pure">0.0125</IDT:ExchangeOfOutstandingSharesPercentage>
    <IDT:PerformanceBonusPaidInCashStock
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31_srt_ExecutiveOfficerMember"
      decimals="-5"
      id="Fact002879"
      unitRef="USD">1200000</IDT:PerformanceBonusPaidInCashStock>
    <us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31_srt_ExecutiveOfficerMember_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact002881"
      unitRef="Shares">24543</us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues>
    <us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31_srt_ExecutiveOfficerMember_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember"
      decimals="-5"
      id="Fact002883"
      unitRef="USD">600000</us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues>
    <us-gaap:DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsShareBasedPaymentsTextBlock contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" id="Fact002885">&lt;p id="xdx_80A_eus-gaap--DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsShareBasedPaymentsTextBlock_zd11D1nslf6l" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Note
21&#x2014;&lt;span id="xdx_82E_zCnmk3urKGkj"&gt;Stock-Based Compensation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;2024
Equity Incentive Plan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;On
December 13, 2023, the Company&#x2019;s stockholders approved the adoption of the Company&#x2019;s 2024 Equity Incentive Plan (the &#x201c;2024
Plan&#x201d;), which is intended to provide incentives to officers, employees, directors, and consultants of the Company, including stock
options, stock appreciation rights, DSUs, and restricted stock, from and after September 16, 2024. At July 31, 2024, the Company had
&lt;span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAuthorized_iI_pid_c20231213__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--TwoThousandTwentyFourEquityIncentivePlanMember_z2eBVBrPx5Ua" title="Number of shares, grant"&gt;250,000&lt;/span&gt; shares of Class B common stock reserved for the grant of awards under the 2024 Plan, all of which were available for future grants.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;2015
Stock Option and Incentive Plan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
2015 Stock Option and Incentive Plan (the &#x201c;2015 Plan&#x201d;) was intended to provide incentives to officers, employees, directors,
and consultants of the Company, including stock options, stock appreciation rights, limited rights, DSUs, and restricted stock. The 2015
Plan expired on September 16, 2024. In fiscal 2024, fiscal 2023, and fiscal 2022, the Company&#x2019;s stockholders approved amendments
to the 2015 Plan to increase the number of shares of the Company&#x2019;s Class B common stock available for the grant of awards thereunder
by an additional &lt;span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfAdditionalSharesAuthorized_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--TwoThousandFifteenStockOptionAndIncentivePlanMember_zwKkIK2g5g1e" title="Additional number of shares authorized"&gt;250,000&lt;/span&gt;; &lt;span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfAdditionalSharesAuthorized_c20220801__20230731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--TwoThousandFifteenStockOptionAndIncentivePlanMember_zYvnLwXA8uH6" title="Additional number of shares authorized"&gt;50,000&lt;/span&gt;; and &lt;span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfAdditionalSharesAuthorized_c20210801__20220731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--TwoThousandFifteenStockOptionAndIncentivePlanMember_zWq4GJk0JwHi" title="Additional number of shares authorized"&gt;175,000&lt;/span&gt; shares, respectively.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Stock
Options&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Option
awards have generally been granted with an exercise price equal to the market price of the Company&#x2019;s stock on the date of
grant. &lt;span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardVestingRights_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--FinancialInstrumentAxis__us-gaap--StockOptionMember_zr0mKxQprl15" title="Vesting description"&gt;Option
awards generally vest on a graded basis over three years of service and had ten-year contractual terms.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross_do_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--FinancialInstrumentAxis__us-gaap--StockOptionMember_zm4JgDESd6nh" title="Options granted"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross_do_c20220801__20230731__us-gaap--FinancialInstrumentAxis__us-gaap--StockOptionMember_z4qgQi0V0ny4" title="Options granted"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross_do_c20210801__20220731__us-gaap--FinancialInstrumentAxis__us-gaap--StockOptionMember_zeqRVks4G0k3" title="Options granted"&gt;No&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
option awards were granted in fiscal 2024, fiscal 2023, or fiscal 2022. When issued, the fair value of stock options is estimated on the date of
the grant using a Black-Scholes valuation model. Expected volatility is based on historical volatility of the Company&#x2019;s Class
B common stock and other factors. The Company uses historical data on exercise of stock options, post vesting forfeitures and other
factors to estimate the expected term of the stock-based payments granted. The risk-free rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield
curve in effect at the time of grant.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_89D_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationStockOptionsActivityTableTextBlock_zRbQQelwnRPe" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;A
summary of stock option activity for the Company is as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8BC_zSTp7HpiGvH1" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule
of Stock Option Activity&lt;/span&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;Number of&lt;/p&gt;
                                              &lt;p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;Options (in&lt;/p&gt;
                                              &lt;p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;thousands)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;Weighted-&lt;/p&gt;
                                              &lt;p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;Average&lt;/p&gt;
                                              &lt;p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;Exercise Price&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;Weighted-&lt;/p&gt;
                                              &lt;p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;Average&lt;/p&gt;
                                              &lt;p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;Remaining&lt;/p&gt;
                                              &lt;p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;Contractual&lt;/p&gt;
                                              &lt;p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;Term (in years)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;Aggregate&lt;/p&gt;
                                              &lt;p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;Intrinsic Value&lt;/p&gt;
                                              &lt;p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 40%"&gt;Outstanding at July 31, 2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 3%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber_iS_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_zAQT8Pf8q4x6" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 10%; text-align: right" title="Number of Options, Outstanding, Beginning balance"&gt;12&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 3%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice_iS_pid_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_zn9ZTmsI6b0i" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 10%; text-align: right" title="Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Outstanding, Beginning balance"&gt;13.72&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 3%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 10%; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 3%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 10%; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;Granted&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriod_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_zMmZrCM6NzF6" style="text-align: right" title="Number of Options, Granted"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2909"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice_pid_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_z8RdGewhehbb" style="text-align: right" title="Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Granted"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2911"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;Exercised&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised_iN_pn3n3_di_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_z0kV40sjhS1e" style="text-align: right" title="Number of Options, Exercised"&gt;(12&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice_iN_pid_di_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_zAXZvyi1g2u8" style="text-align: right" title="Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Exercised"&gt;(13.72&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;Cancelled / Forfeited&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresAndExpirationsInPeriod_iN_pn3n3_di_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_zULOyUM96wgj" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Number of Options, Cancelled / Forfeited"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2917"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresAndExpirationsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice_iN_pid_di_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_zF2jHNOPfBc7" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Cancelled / Forfeited"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2919"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;OUTSTANDING AT JULY 31, 2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98A_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber_iE_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_zvpdbUe2DqBc" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Number of Options, outstanding, Ending balance"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2921"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice_iE_pid_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_zAm9e8x5pVhd" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Outstanding, Ending balance"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2923"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2_dxL_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_zy3v6ZRry6Aa" title="Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term, Outstanding::XDX::P0Y"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2925"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingIntrinsicValue_iE_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_zTPnEgg6dAyf" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Aggregate Intrinsic Value, Outstanding"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2927"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;EXERCISABLE AT JULY 31, 2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableNumber_iE_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_zgX0joQuObmb" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Number of Options, Exercisable"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2929"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageExercisePrice_iE_pid_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_zQNKqoSZzPBb" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Exercisable"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2931"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm1_dxL_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_zOd06pyYk8G9" title="Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term, Exercisable::XDX::P0Y"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2933"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableIntrinsicValue1_iE_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_zxEkL4NMZ3H5" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Aggregate Intrinsic Value, Exercisable"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2935"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_8A9_zzGKF3FTkw0k" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;In
fiscal 2024, fiscal 2023, and fiscal 2022, the Company received cash from the exercise of stock options of $&lt;span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised_pn5n6_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--FinancialInstrumentAxis__us-gaap--StockOptionMember_zeuRjgQmnDF1" title="Proceeds from stock options exercised"&gt;0.2&lt;/span&gt; million, $&lt;span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised_pn5n6_c20220801__20230731__us-gaap--FinancialInstrumentAxis__us-gaap--StockOptionMember_zVal4rFPhucg" title="Proceeds from stock options exercised"&gt;0.2&lt;/span&gt; million,
and $&lt;span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised_pn5n6_c20210801__20220731__us-gaap--FinancialInstrumentAxis__us-gaap--StockOptionMember_z64WmbghXcUh" title="Proceeds from stock options exercised"&gt;0.1&lt;/span&gt; million, respectively, for which the Company issued &lt;span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised_pid_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--FinancialInstrumentAxis__us-gaap--StockOptionMember_zc1uEdLZtjv1" title="Share-based compensation arrangement by share-based payment award, options, exercises in period"&gt;12,500&lt;/span&gt;; &lt;span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised_pid_c20220801__20230731__us-gaap--FinancialInstrumentAxis__us-gaap--StockOptionMember_zD2B6rCQ7izg" title="Share-based compensation arrangement by share-based payment award, options, exercises in period"&gt;12,500&lt;/span&gt;; and &lt;span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised_pid_c20210801__20220731__us-gaap--FinancialInstrumentAxis__us-gaap--StockOptionMember_zCUP3Cr6pEM3" title="Share-based compensation arrangement by share-based payment award, options, exercises in period"&gt;10,000&lt;/span&gt; shares, respectively, of its Class B common stock.
In addition, in April 2022, Howard S. Jonas exercised stock options for &lt;span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised_pn5n6_c20210801__20220731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--HowardSJonasMember_zIKx5SvvJIFa" title="Number of exercised of stock options shares"&gt;1.0&lt;/span&gt; million shares of the Company&#x2019;s Class B common stock
that were granted on May 2, 2017. The exercise price of these options was $&lt;span id="xdx_90F_ecustom--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionExercisePrice_pid_c20210801__20220731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--HowardSJonasMember_ztuVLUklqLal" title="Exercise price of stock options"&gt;14.93&lt;/span&gt; per share and the expiration date was &lt;span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardExpirationDate_pid_dd_c20210801__20220731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--HowardSJonasMember_zUChDBihaE9j" title="Stock option expiration date"&gt;May 1, 2022&lt;/span&gt;. Mr.
Jonas used &lt;span id="xdx_904_ecustom--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesUsedForStockOptionsExercised_pid_c20210801__20220731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--HowardSJonasMember_zi11PkTuEBz1" title="Number of exercised of stock options shares"&gt;528,635&lt;/span&gt; shares of the Company&#x2019;s Class B common stock with a value of $&lt;span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueStockOptionsExercised_pn5n6_c20210801__20220731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--HowardSJonasMember_z7oxyYG65tFf" title="Number of exercised of stock options, value"&gt;14.9&lt;/span&gt; million to pay the aggregate exercise price
of the options. Mr. Jonas tendered &lt;span id="xdx_90B_ecustom--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesUsedForTaxWithholding_pid_c20210801__20220731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--HowardSJonasMember_zITsHLFT03y7" title="Number of shares issued"&gt;137,364&lt;/span&gt; shares of the Company&#x2019;s Class B common stock with a value of $&lt;span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--TreasuryStockValueAcquiredCostMethod_pn5n6_c20210801__20220731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--HowardSJonasMember_zMTVaBwjrl55" title="Number of shares issued, value"&gt;3.9&lt;/span&gt; million to satisfy
a portion of his tax obligations in connection with his stock option exercises.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
total intrinsic value of options exercised during fiscal 2024, fiscal 2023, and fiscal 2022 was $&lt;span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodTotalIntrinsicValue_pn5n6_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--FinancialInstrumentAxis__us-gaap--StockOptionMember_zrvchjXPHAX1" title="Share-based compensation arrangement by share-based payment award, options, exercises in period, intrinsic value"&gt;0.1&lt;/span&gt; million, $&lt;span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodTotalIntrinsicValue_pn5n6_c20220801__20230731__us-gaap--FinancialInstrumentAxis__us-gaap--StockOptionMember_zjR8HlFrKUrj" title="Share-based compensation arrangement by share-based payment award, options, exercises in period, intrinsic value"&gt;0.2&lt;/span&gt; million, and $&lt;span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodTotalIntrinsicValue_pn5n6_c20210801__20220731__us-gaap--FinancialInstrumentAxis__us-gaap--StockOptionMember_zNV11gE7eXve" title="Share-based compensation arrangement by share-based payment award, options, exercises in period, intrinsic value"&gt;19.7&lt;/span&gt;
million, respectively. At July 31, 2024, there was no unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested stock options.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Restricted
Stock&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
fair value of restricted shares of the Company&#x2019;s Class B common stock is determined based on the closing price of the Company&#x2019;s
Class B common stock on the grant date. &lt;span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardVestingRights_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--RestrictedStockMember_zyA8GIZhNN89" title="Vesting description"&gt;Share awards generally vest on a graded basis over three years of service.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_89F_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfSharebasedCompensationRestrictedStockAndRestrictedStockUnitsActivityTableTextBlock_hus-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_zpcdTiKO0z07" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;A
summary of the status of the Company&#x2019;s grants of restricted shares of Class B common stock is presented below:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8B8_zXNElvDXrHq3" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule
of Grants of Restricted Shares&lt;/span&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: right; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;Number of&lt;/p&gt;
                    &lt;p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;Non-vested&lt;/p&gt;
                    &lt;p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;Shares&lt;/p&gt;
                    &lt;p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;Weighted-&lt;/p&gt;
                    &lt;p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;Average&lt;/p&gt;
                    &lt;p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;Grant-&lt;/p&gt;
                    &lt;p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;Date Fair&lt;/p&gt;
                    &lt;p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;Value&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 60%; text-align: left"&gt;Non-vested restricted shares at July 31, 2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber_iS_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_zKrSIz5SgEFl" style="width: 16%; text-align: right" title="Number of Non-vested Shares, Beginning Balance"&gt;25&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_iS_pid_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_zoCRfADpkB9b" style="width: 16%; text-align: right" title="Weighted- Average Grant- Date Fair Value, Beginning balance"&gt;19.09&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Granted&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_ziSZDbjwL9Sh" style="text-align: right" title="Number of Non-vested Shares, Granted"&gt;25&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_pid_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_zQBc4BdV33ng" style="text-align: right" title="Weighted- Average Grant- Date Fair Value, Granted"&gt;34.92&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Vested&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriod_iN_pn3n3_di_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_zba58dI4fnjl" style="text-align: right" title="Number of Non-vested Shares, Vested"&gt;(18&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_iN_pid_di_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_z3CeNpOfO5Vk" style="text-align: right" title="Weighted- Average Grant- Date Fair Value, Vested"&gt;(37.33&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;Forfeited&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsForfeitedInPeriod_iN_pn3n3_di_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_zMKDxwyltxmi" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Number of Non-vested Shares, Forfeited"&gt;(1&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsForfeituresWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_iN_pid_di_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_z5mTXOk7BYb1" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Weighted- Average Grant- Date Fair Value, Forfeited"&gt;(31.80&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;NON-VESTED RESTRICTED SHARES AT JULY 31, 2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber_iE_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_zK0WSIbnrOF5" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Number of Non-vested Shares, Ending Balance"&gt;31&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_iE_pid_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_zdGkiW7uJpng" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Weighted- Average Grant- Date Fair Value, Ending balance"&gt;21.50&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;


&lt;p id="xdx_8A0_zFJajcDESKBl" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardVestingRights_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--RestrictedStockMember__us-gaap--AwardDateAxis__custom--FebruaryTwentyFiveTwoThousandTwentyFiveMember_zbsyyhpC1Uxk" title="Vesting description"&gt;There
are &lt;span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber_iI_c20240731__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--RestrictedStockMember__us-gaap--AwardDateAxis__custom--FebruaryTwentyFiveTwoThousandTwentyFiveMember_zlahgRHOuLOc" title="Number of non-vested shares, vesting"&gt;24,000&lt;/span&gt; non-vested restricted shares at July 31, 2024 included in the table above that will vest on February 25, 2025 only if the
Company&#x2019;s Class B common stock closes above $50 per share for ten consecutive trading days prior to February 25, 2025, otherwise
the &lt;span id="xdx_909_ecustom--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNumberSubjectToSpecialTerms_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--RestrictedStockMember__us-gaap--AwardDateAxis__custom--FebruaryTwentyFiveTwoThousandTwentyFiveMember_zicysBUilrFh" title="Number of non-vested shares special terms"&gt;24,000&lt;/span&gt; restricted shares will be forfeited.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;At
July 31, 2024, there was $&lt;span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedShareBasedAwardsOtherThanOptions_iI_pn5n6_c20240731__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--RestrictedStockMember_zjL4Gd1riOya"&gt;0.3&lt;/span&gt; million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested restricted shares, which is expected
to be recognized over a weighted-average period of &lt;span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedPeriodForRecognition1_dtY_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--RestrictedStockMember_zjdcJ7vXk3m2"&gt;0.9&lt;/span&gt; years. The total grant date fair value of shares vested in fiscal 2024, fiscal
2023, and fiscal 2022 was $&lt;span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriodTotalFairValue_pn5n6_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--RestrictedStockMember_zQ9jovDZZZPh"&gt;0.7&lt;/span&gt; million, $&lt;span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriodTotalFairValue_pn5n6_c20220801__20230731__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--RestrictedStockMember_zV4aFkzIGduf"&gt;0.5&lt;/span&gt; million, and $&lt;span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriodTotalFairValue_pn5n6_c20210801__20220731__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--RestrictedStockMember_zbZg2A1POyia"&gt;1.0&lt;/span&gt; million, respectively.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Deferred
Stock Units Equity Incentive Programs&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardDescription_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__custom--DeferredStockUnitsMember_zIiJNF7udLzd" title="Deferred stock units, description"&gt;On
November 30, 2022, the Company adopted an equity incentive program (under the 2015 Plan) in the form of grants of DSUs that, upon vesting,
will entitle the grantees to receive shares of the Company&#x2019;s Class B common stock. The number of shares that will be issuable on
each vesting date will vary between 50% to 200% of the number of DSUs that vest on that vesting date, depending on the market price for
the underlying Class B common stock on the vesting date relative to the base price approved by the Compensation Committee of the Company&#x2019;s
Board of Directors of $&lt;span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--SharePrice_iI_pid_c20221130__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--BoardOfDirectorsMember_z3uzOWV1wgI" title="Share price"&gt;25.45&lt;/span&gt; per share (which was based on the market price at the time of the initial grants under this program). On
February 21, 2024 and on May 17, 2023, in accordance with the program and based on certain elections made by grantees, the Company issued
&lt;span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriod_pid_c20240221__20240221__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__custom--DeferredStockUnitsMember_zzFfaeD9leG7" title="Number of shares issued"&gt;53,706&lt;/span&gt; and &lt;span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriod_pid_c20230517__20230517__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__custom--DeferredStockUnitsMember_zmcRzYlqZT5g" title="Number of shares issued"&gt;41,945&lt;/span&gt; shares, respectively, of its Class B common stock for vested DSUs. Subject to continued full time employment or other
services to the Company, the remaining &lt;span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber_iI_c20250225__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__custom--DeferredStockUnitsMember__srt--StatementScenarioAxis__srt--ScenarioForecastMember_zPMvEbbAQGu2"&gt;147,540&lt;/span&gt; DSUs are scheduled to vest on February 25, 2025, the final vesting date under the program.
The Company estimated that the fair value of the DSUs on the date of grants was an aggregate of $&lt;span id="xdx_900_ecustom--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriodGrantDateFairValue_iI_pn5n6_c20240731__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__custom--DeferredStockUnitsMember_z4UBAQQgYJt7" title="Estimated fair value of DSUs on date of grant"&gt;5.4&lt;/span&gt; million, which is being recognized
on a graded vesting basis over the requisite service periods ending in February 2025. The Company used a risk neutral Monte Carlo simulation
method in its valuation of the DSUs, which simulated the range of possible future values of the Company&#x2019;s Class B common stock
over the life of the DSUs.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company had a prior equity incentive program in the form of DSUs that, upon vesting, entitled the grantees to receive shares of the Company&#x2019;s
Class B common stock. On January 5, 2022, the Company issued &lt;span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriod_c20220104__20220105__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__custom--DeferredStockUnitsMember_zZsrJQUHoC04" title="Number of shares issued"&gt;301,296&lt;/span&gt; shares of its Class B common stock in respect of vested DSUs.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;Effective
as of September 21, 2020, the Company granted &lt;span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod_pid_c20200801__20210731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__custom--DeferredStockUnitsMember_zuDDwctnSkzb" title="Number of deferred stock units granted"&gt;4,000&lt;/span&gt; DSUs that were not included in the program described above, which upon vesting, entitled
the grantee to receive shares of the Company&#x2019;s Class B common stock. In fiscal 2024, fiscal 2023, and fiscal 2022, the Company
issued &lt;span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriod_pid_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__custom--DeferredStockUnitsMember_z52fZleU8k57" title="Number of deferred stock units vested"&gt;1,333&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriod_pid_c20220801__20230731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__custom--DeferredStockUnitsMember_z8bzt9MLt737" title="Number of deferred stock units vested"&gt;1,333&lt;/span&gt;, and &lt;span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriod_pid_c20210801__20220731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__custom--DeferredStockUnitsMember_zz9u12pQ7wVi" title="Number of deferred stock units vested"&gt;1,334&lt;/span&gt; shares, respectively, of its Class B common stock in respect of the vesting of these DSUs.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_89B_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfSharebasedCompensationRestrictedStockAndRestrictedStockUnitsActivityTableTextBlock_zcBqyRP1siyf" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;A
summary of the status of the Company&#x2019;s grants of DSUs is presented below:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8BA_zrYFvvaKPMJf" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule
of Grants of Restricted Shares&lt;/span&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: right; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;Number of&lt;/p&gt;
                                                           &lt;p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;Non-vested&lt;/p&gt;
                                                           &lt;p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;DSUs&lt;/p&gt;
                                                           &lt;p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;(in
thousands)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;Weighted-&lt;/p&gt;
                                                                              &lt;p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;Average&lt;/p&gt;
                                                                              &lt;p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;Grant-&lt;/p&gt;
                                                                              &lt;p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;Date Fair&lt;/p&gt;
                                                                              &lt;p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;Value&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 60%"&gt;Non-vested shares at July 31, 2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber_iS_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731_zJ6guxco9Xxb" style="width: 16%; text-align: right" title="Number of non vested , beginning balance"&gt;165&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98A_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_iS_pid_c20230801__20240731_zlc3QdT944Bl" style="width: 16%; text-align: right" title="Weighted- Average Grant- Date Fair Value, Beginning balance"&gt;27.38&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;Granted&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731_z3q9hFWfRpeb" style="text-align: right" title="Number of non vested, granted"&gt;25&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_pid_c20230801__20240731_zLD9HxnUMNC2" style="text-align: right" title="Weighted- Average Grant- Date Fair Value, Granted"&gt;33.64&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;Vested&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriod_iN_pn3n3_di_c20230801__20240731_zRv6U5HDPcNb" style="text-align: right" title="Number of non vested, vested"&gt;(40&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_iN_pid_di_c20230801__20240731_zmuKaJbgRRBb" style="text-align: right" title="Weighted- Average Grant- Date Fair Value, Vested"&gt;(26.03&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Forfeited&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsForfeitedInPeriod_iN_pn3n3_di_c20230801__20240731_zuf0otXdJ8ff" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Number of non vested, forfeited"&gt;(2&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsForfeituresWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_iN_pid_di_c20230801__20240731_z0BFxuPExpEa" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Weighted- Average Grant- Date Fair Value, Forfeited"&gt;(28.67&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;NON-VESTED SHARES AT JULY 31, 2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber_iE_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731_zo1Z2kR5H6S4" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Number of non vested , ending balance"&gt;148&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_iE_pid_c20230801__20240731_zC2eZWDw2IZ6" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Weighted- Average Grant- Date Fair Value, Ending balance"&gt;28.79&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_8A0_zhc27MAzLRXa" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;At
July 31, 2024, there was $&lt;span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedShareBasedAwardsOtherThanOptions_iI_pn5n6_c20240731__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__custom--DeferredStockUnitsMember_zk2yGwWZEmfi" title="Unrecognized compensation"&gt;0.6&lt;/span&gt; million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested DSUs, which is expected to be recognized
over a weighted-average period of &lt;span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedPeriodForRecognition1_dtY_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__custom--DeferredStockUnitsMember_zlWJQuHbMy92"&gt;0.4&lt;/span&gt; years. The total grant date fair value of DSUs vested in fiscal 2024, fiscal 2023, and fiscal 2022
was $&lt;span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriodTotalFairValue_pn5n6_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__custom--DeferredStockUnitsMember_zOazxyNUYaCc"&gt;1.1&lt;/span&gt; million, $&lt;span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriodTotalFairValue_pn5n6_c20220801__20230731__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__custom--DeferredStockUnitsMember_z1YYu4DpW0Si"&gt;0.9&lt;/span&gt; million, and $&lt;span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriodTotalFairValue_pn5n6_c20210801__20220731__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__custom--DeferredStockUnitsMember_zdty9dYHrZId"&gt;1.6&lt;/span&gt; million, respectively.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Amended
and Restated Employment Agreement with Abilio (&#x201c;Bill&#x201d;) Pereira&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;On
December 21, 2023, the Company entered into an Amended and Restated Employment Agreement with Bill Pereira, the Company&#x2019;s President
and Chief Operating Officer. The agreement provides for, among other things, certain equity grants, including &lt;span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod_c20231221__20231221__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__custom--DeferredStockUnitsMember__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--AmendedAndRestatedEmploymentAgreementMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--BillPereiraMember__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_zbqWhWzNucqh"&gt;23,500&lt;/span&gt; DSUs that, upon
vesting, represent the right to receive shares of the Company&#x2019;s Class B common stock (which are included in the DSU table above),
and &lt;span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod_c20231221__20231221__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--AmendedAndRestatedEmploymentAgreementMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--NetTwophoneTwoZeroIncMember__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_zo6ZLRrDoGAd"&gt;50,000&lt;/span&gt; shares of Class B common stock of net2phone 2.0, as well as a contingent bonus subject to the completion of certain financial
milestones as set forth in the agreement. In fiscal 2024, two of these milestones were achieved, for which the Company issued to Mr.
Pereira &lt;span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--AmendedAndRestatedEmploymentAgreementMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--BillPereiraMember__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_z29XEltnw6Id" title="Issuance of shares"&gt;39,155&lt;/span&gt; shares of its Class B common stock in fiscal 2024 with an issue date value of $&lt;span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues_pn5n6_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--AmendedAndRestatedEmploymentAgreementMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--BillPereiraMember__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_zaOmkPtRE7tj" title="Issuance of shares value"&gt;1.5&lt;/span&gt; million, and the Company will issue
an additional &lt;span id="xdx_90E_ecustom--StockToBeIssuedForMilestoneSharesNewIssues_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--AmendedAndRestatedEmploymentAgreementMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--BillPereiraMember__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_zWAvV5CcVrHd" title="Stock to be issued for milestone shares"&gt;39,155&lt;/span&gt; shares of its Class B common stock in the first quarter of fiscal 2025. In fiscal 2024, the Company recorded aggregate
stock-based compensation expense of $&lt;span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensation_pn5n6_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--IncomeStatementLocationAxis__us-gaap--SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpensesMember__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--AmendedAndRestatedEmploymentAgreementMember_zh0xn0sDP70l" title="Share based compensation"&gt;4.1&lt;/span&gt; million related to these equity grants and the contingent bonus, which is included in &#x201c;Selling,
general and administrative expense&#x201d; in the accompanying consolidated statements of income.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Stock
Issued to an Employee&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;In
fiscal 2023, the Company granted &lt;span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod_c20220801__20230731__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--EmployeeMember__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_zY2N328DRBlc" title="Stock granted"&gt;15,000&lt;/span&gt; shares of its Class B common stock to an employee. The Company recorded stock-based compensation
expense and an increase in &#x201c;Additional paid-in capital&#x201d; of $&lt;span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensation_pn5n6_c20220801__20230731__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--EmployeeMember__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_zuzhDsZzQ9jh" title="Share based compensation"&gt;0.4&lt;/span&gt; million for this grant, which was the fair value of the shares
on the grant date.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;NRS
Restricted Common Stock&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Effective
as of June 30, 2022, restricted shares of NRS&#x2019; Class B common stock representing &lt;span id="xdx_90B_ecustom--StockIssuedDuringPeriodPercentageOfOutstandingSharesRestrictedStockAwardGross_pid_dp_uPure_c20220601__20220630__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--NRSCommonClassBMember_zf62qo2peNV7" title="Outstanding capital stock, percent"&gt;1.2&lt;/span&gt;% of its outstanding capital stock on a fully
diluted basis were granted to certain NRS employees. The restrictions on the shares will lapse in three installments, the first was on
June 1, 2024, and the others are June 1, 2026, and June 1, 2027. The estimated fair value of the restricted shares on the grant date
was $&lt;span id="xdx_908_ecustom--StockIssuedDuringPeriodRestrictedStockGrantDateFairValue_iI_pn5n6_c20220630__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--RestrictedStockMember_zHDAuJnlinEk" title="Aggregate estimated fair value on grant date recognized over the vesting period"&gt;3.3&lt;/span&gt; million, which is being recognized over the vesting period. At July 31, 2024, unrecognized compensation cost related to NRS&#x2019;
non-vested Class B common stock was an aggregate of $&lt;span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedShareBasedAwardsOtherThanOptions_iI_pn5n6_c20240731__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--RestrictedStockMember_zdaS3INnWye1" title="Unrecognized compensation"&gt;1.9&lt;/span&gt; million. The unrecognized compensation cost is expected to be recognized over
the remaining vesting period that ends in fiscal 2027.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;In
connection with the vesting of the restricted shares of NRS Class B common stock on June 1, 2024, the Company repurchased a portion of
the shares representing an aggregate of &lt;span id="xdx_907_ecustom--RestrictedCommonStockWithholdingFromEmployeesOutstandingSharesPercentage_dp_c20240601__20240630__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember_zLsaPU3uLWtc" title="Restricted common stock with holding employees outstanding shares percentage"&gt;0.17&lt;/span&gt;% of the outstanding shares of NRS with an aggregate fair value of $&lt;span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--PaymentsRelatedToTaxWithholdingForShareBasedCompensation_pn5n6_c20240601__20240630__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_zvQM6fNKEKqi" title="Offsetting income tax withholding liability"&gt;0.6&lt;/span&gt; million to satisfy
the grantees&#x2019; tax withholding obligations in connection with the lapsing of restrictions on restricted stock. The fair value per
share of the NRS Class B common stock was based on a valuation of the total equity of NRS using a market approach and income approach.
The Company recorded a decrease in &#x201c;Noncontrolling interests&#x201d; of $&lt;span id="xdx_908_ecustom--PaymentsRelatedToTaxWithholdingForShareBasedCompensationDecreaseInNoncontrollingInterests_c20240601__20240601__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember_zTCCCuV3yFzk" title="Decrease in non controlling interests"&gt;21,000&lt;/span&gt; and a decrease in &#x201c;Additional paid-in capital&#x201d;
of $&lt;span id="xdx_908_ecustom--PaymentsRelatedToTaxWithholdingForShareBasedCompensationDecreaseInAdditionalPaidInCapital_pn5n6_c20240601__20240601__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember_zMtnc9ZtIXB3" title="Decrease in additional paid in capital"&gt;0.6&lt;/span&gt; million, and an offsetting income tax withholding liability of $&lt;span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--PaymentsRelatedToTaxWithholdingForShareBasedCompensation_pn5n6_c20240601__20240601__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember_zP8xz2WM90Ml" title="Offsetting income tax withholding liability"&gt;0.6&lt;/span&gt; million.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;In
February 2022, restricted shares of NRS&#x2019; Class B common stock representing &lt;span id="xdx_904_ecustom--StockIssuedDuringPeriodPercentageOfOutstandingSharesRestrictedStockAwardGross_pid_dp_uPure_c20220201__20220228__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--NRSCommonClassBMember_zWNVDAZQV2he" title="Outstanding capital stock, percent"&gt;0.4&lt;/span&gt;% of its outstanding capital stock on a fully diluted
basis were granted to certain employees of the Company for services provided. The Company recorded stock-based compensation expense and
an increase in &#x201c;Additional paid-in capital&#x201d; of $&lt;span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationRequisiteServicePeriodRecognitionValue_pn5n6_c20220201__20220228__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--NRSCommonClassBMember_zFrD2H1DLkKj" title="Stock based compensation"&gt;1.2&lt;/span&gt; million for these grants, based on the estimated fair value on the grant
date.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;net2phone
2.0, Inc. Restricted Common Stock&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;On
December 31, 2020, a compensatory arrangement with each of Howard S. Jonas and Shmuel Jonas, the Company&#x2019;s Chief Executive Officer,
was finalized. Howard S. Jonas and Shmuel Jonas each received &lt;span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesRestrictedStockAwardGross_pn5n6_c20201231__20201231__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--NetTwoPhoneIncMember_zwDAIkfqyvea"&gt;0.5&lt;/span&gt; million restricted shares of net2phone 2.0&#x2019;s Class B common stock,
which represented an aggregate of &lt;span id="xdx_906_ecustom--StockIssuedDuringPeriodPercentageOfOutstandingSharesRestrictedStockAwardGross_pid_dp_uPure_c20201230__20201231__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--NetTwoPhoneIncMember_zfV6akY5TnW2"&gt;10&lt;/span&gt;% of net2phone 2.0&#x2019;s issued and outstanding common stock at the time of the grant. &lt;span id="xdx_909_ecustom--RestrictedStockContingentVestingArrangementsDescription_c20230801__20240731__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--NetTwoPhoneIncMember_zJNz7Q9quSRk" title="Restricted stock vesting arrangement, description"&gt;The shares
entitle each grantee to proceeds only on a sale, spin-off, initial public offering, or other monetization of net2phone 2.0 and have protection
from dilution for the first $15 million invested in net2phone 2.0 following the grant.&lt;/span&gt; In January 2024, the restrictions lapsed on these
restricted shares. In addition, in January 2024, Bill Pereira was granted &lt;span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod_c20240101__20240131__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--NetTwophoneTwoZeroIncMember_zNXYXWhkgoI3" title="Shares granted"&gt;50,000&lt;/span&gt; shares of net2phone 2.0 Class B common stock in connection
with the agreement described above. The Company repurchased a portion of these shares representing an aggregate of &lt;span id="xdx_902_ecustom--RestrictedCommonStockWithholdingFromEmployeesOutstandingSharesPercentage_pid_dp_uPure_c20240101__20240131__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--NetTwophoneTwoZeroIncMember_zUHldw19t89a" title="Restricted common stock with holding employees outstanding shares percentage"&gt;4.5&lt;/span&gt;% of the outstanding
shares of net2phone 2.0 with an aggregate fair value of $&lt;span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--PaymentsRelatedToTaxWithholdingForShareBasedCompensation_pn5n6_c20240101__20240131__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--NetTwophoneTwoZeroIncMember__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_zBUOjXTG4rra" title="Offsetting income tax withholding liability"&gt;3.6&lt;/span&gt; million to satisfy the grantees&#x2019; tax withholding obligations in connection
with the lapsing of restrictions on restricted stock or the grant of shares. The fair value per share of the net2phone 2.0 Class B common
stock was based on a valuation of the business enterprise using a market approach and income approach. The Company recorded an increase
in &#x201c;Noncontrolling interests&#x201d; of $&lt;span id="xdx_901_ecustom--PaymentsRelatedToTaxWithholdingForShareBasedCompensationIncreaseInNoncontrollingInterests_c20240101__20240131__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--NetTwophoneTwoZeroIncMember_z6RjoNPLlvA6" title="Increase in non controlling interests"&gt;53,000&lt;/span&gt; and a decrease in &#x201c;Additional paid-in capital&#x201d; of $&lt;span id="xdx_906_ecustom--PaymentsRelatedToTaxWithholdingForShareBasedCompensationDecreaseInAdditionalPaidInCapital_pn4n6_c20240101__20240131__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--NetTwophoneTwoZeroIncMember_zw06peLBixSb" title="Decrease in additional paid-in capital"&gt;3.61&lt;/span&gt; million, and
an offsetting income tax withholding liability of $&lt;span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--PaymentsRelatedToTaxWithholdingForShareBasedCompensation_pn4n6_c20240101__20240131__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--NetTwophoneTwoZeroIncMember_zRHEKMi81XGb" title="Offsetting income tax withholding liability"&gt;3.6&lt;/span&gt; million.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</us-gaap:DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsShareBasedPaymentsTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAuthorized
      contextRef="AsOf2023-12-13_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_TwoThousandTwentyFourEquityIncentivePlanMember"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact002887"
      unitRef="Shares">250000</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAuthorized>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfAdditionalSharesAuthorized
      contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_TwoThousandFifteenStockOptionAndIncentivePlanMember"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact002889"
      unitRef="Shares">250000</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfAdditionalSharesAuthorized>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfAdditionalSharesAuthorized
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_TwoThousandFifteenStockOptionAndIncentivePlanMember"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact002891"
      unitRef="Shares">50000</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfAdditionalSharesAuthorized>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfAdditionalSharesAuthorized
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_TwoThousandFifteenStockOptionAndIncentivePlanMember"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact002893"
      unitRef="Shares">175000</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfAdditionalSharesAuthorized>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardVestingRights
      contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_us-gaap_StockOptionMember"
      id="Fact002895">Option
awards generally vest on a graded basis over three years of service and had ten-year contractual terms.</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardVestingRights>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross
      contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_us-gaap_StockOptionMember"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact002897"
      unitRef="Shares">0</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31_us-gaap_StockOptionMember"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact002899"
      unitRef="Shares">0</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31_us-gaap_StockOptionMember"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact002901"
      unitRef="Shares">0</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross>
    <us-gaap:ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationStockOptionsActivityTableTextBlock contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" id="Fact002903">&lt;p id="xdx_89D_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationStockOptionsActivityTableTextBlock_zRbQQelwnRPe" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;A
summary of stock option activity for the Company is as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8BC_zSTp7HpiGvH1" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule
of Stock Option Activity&lt;/span&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;Number of&lt;/p&gt;
                                              &lt;p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;Options (in&lt;/p&gt;
                                              &lt;p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;thousands)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;Weighted-&lt;/p&gt;
                                              &lt;p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;Average&lt;/p&gt;
                                              &lt;p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;Exercise Price&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;Weighted-&lt;/p&gt;
                                              &lt;p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;Average&lt;/p&gt;
                                              &lt;p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;Remaining&lt;/p&gt;
                                              &lt;p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;Contractual&lt;/p&gt;
                                              &lt;p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;Term (in years)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;Aggregate&lt;/p&gt;
                                              &lt;p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;Intrinsic Value&lt;/p&gt;
                                              &lt;p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 40%"&gt;Outstanding at July 31, 2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 3%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber_iS_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_zAQT8Pf8q4x6" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 10%; text-align: right" title="Number of Options, Outstanding, Beginning balance"&gt;12&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 3%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice_iS_pid_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_zn9ZTmsI6b0i" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 10%; text-align: right" title="Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Outstanding, Beginning balance"&gt;13.72&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 3%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 10%; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 3%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 10%; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;Granted&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriod_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_zMmZrCM6NzF6" style="text-align: right" title="Number of Options, Granted"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2909"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice_pid_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_z8RdGewhehbb" style="text-align: right" title="Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Granted"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2911"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;Exercised&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised_iN_pn3n3_di_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_z0kV40sjhS1e" style="text-align: right" title="Number of Options, Exercised"&gt;(12&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice_iN_pid_di_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_zAXZvyi1g2u8" style="text-align: right" title="Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Exercised"&gt;(13.72&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;Cancelled / Forfeited&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresAndExpirationsInPeriod_iN_pn3n3_di_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_zULOyUM96wgj" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Number of Options, Cancelled / Forfeited"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2917"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresAndExpirationsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice_iN_pid_di_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_zF2jHNOPfBc7" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Cancelled / Forfeited"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2919"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;OUTSTANDING AT JULY 31, 2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98A_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber_iE_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_zvpdbUe2DqBc" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Number of Options, outstanding, Ending balance"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2921"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice_iE_pid_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_zAm9e8x5pVhd" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Outstanding, Ending balance"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2923"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2_dxL_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_zy3v6ZRry6Aa" title="Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term, Outstanding::XDX::P0Y"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2925"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingIntrinsicValue_iE_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_zTPnEgg6dAyf" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Aggregate Intrinsic Value, Outstanding"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2927"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;EXERCISABLE AT JULY 31, 2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableNumber_iE_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_zgX0joQuObmb" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Number of Options, Exercisable"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2929"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageExercisePrice_iE_pid_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_zQNKqoSZzPBb" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Exercisable"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2931"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm1_dxL_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_zOd06pyYk8G9" title="Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term, Exercisable::XDX::P0Y"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2933"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisableIntrinsicValue1_iE_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__us-gaap--EmployeeStockOptionMember_zxEkL4NMZ3H5" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Aggregate Intrinsic Value, Exercisable"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2935"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

</us-gaap:ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationStockOptionsActivityTableTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber
      contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31_us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002905"
      unitRef="Shares">12000</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice
      contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31_us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact002907"
      unitRef="USDPShares">13.72</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice>
    <us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised
      contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002913"
      unitRef="Shares">12000</us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice
      contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact002915"
      unitRef="USDPShares">13.72</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice>
    <us-gaap:ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised
      contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_us-gaap_StockOptionMember"
      decimals="-5"
      id="Fact002937"
      unitRef="USD">200000</us-gaap:ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised>
    <us-gaap:ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31_us-gaap_StockOptionMember"
      decimals="-5"
      id="Fact002939"
      unitRef="USD">200000</us-gaap:ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised>
    <us-gaap:ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31_us-gaap_StockOptionMember"
      decimals="-5"
      id="Fact002941"
      unitRef="USD">100000</us-gaap:ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised>
    <us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised
      contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_us-gaap_StockOptionMember"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact002943"
      unitRef="Shares">12500</us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised>
    <us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31_us-gaap_StockOptionMember"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact002945"
      unitRef="Shares">12500</us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised>
    <us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31_us-gaap_StockOptionMember"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact002947"
      unitRef="Shares">10000</us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised>
    <us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_HowardSJonasMember"
      decimals="-5"
      id="Fact002949"
      unitRef="Shares">1000000.0</us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised>
    <IDT:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionExercisePrice
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_HowardSJonasMember"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact002951"
      unitRef="USDPShares">14.93</IDT:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionExercisePrice>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardExpirationDate
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_HowardSJonasMember"
      id="Fact002953">2022-05-01</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardExpirationDate>
    <IDT:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesUsedForStockOptionsExercised
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_HowardSJonasMember"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact002955"
      unitRef="Shares">528635</IDT:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesUsedForStockOptionsExercised>
    <us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueStockOptionsExercised
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_HowardSJonasMember"
      decimals="-5"
      id="Fact002957"
      unitRef="USD">14900000</us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueStockOptionsExercised>
    <IDT:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesUsedForTaxWithholding
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_HowardSJonasMember"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact002959"
      unitRef="Shares">137364</IDT:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesUsedForTaxWithholding>
    <us-gaap:TreasuryStockValueAcquiredCostMethod
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_HowardSJonasMember"
      decimals="-5"
      id="Fact002961"
      unitRef="USD">3900000</us-gaap:TreasuryStockValueAcquiredCostMethod>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodTotalIntrinsicValue
      contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_us-gaap_StockOptionMember"
      decimals="-5"
      id="Fact002963"
      unitRef="USD">100000</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodTotalIntrinsicValue>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodTotalIntrinsicValue
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31_us-gaap_StockOptionMember"
      decimals="-5"
      id="Fact002965"
      unitRef="USD">200000</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodTotalIntrinsicValue>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodTotalIntrinsicValue
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31_us-gaap_StockOptionMember"
      decimals="-5"
      id="Fact002967"
      unitRef="USD">19700000</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodTotalIntrinsicValue>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardVestingRights
      contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_us-gaap_RestrictedStockMember"
      id="Fact002969">Share awards generally vest on a graded basis over three years of service.</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardVestingRights>
    <us-gaap:ScheduleOfSharebasedCompensationRestrictedStockAndRestrictedStockUnitsActivityTableTextBlock
      contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember"
      id="Fact002971">&lt;p id="xdx_89F_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfSharebasedCompensationRestrictedStockAndRestrictedStockUnitsActivityTableTextBlock_hus-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_zpcdTiKO0z07" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;A
summary of the status of the Company&#x2019;s grants of restricted shares of Class B common stock is presented below:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8B8_zXNElvDXrHq3" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule
of Grants of Restricted Shares&lt;/span&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: right; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;Number of&lt;/p&gt;
                    &lt;p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;Non-vested&lt;/p&gt;
                    &lt;p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;Shares&lt;/p&gt;
                    &lt;p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;Weighted-&lt;/p&gt;
                    &lt;p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;Average&lt;/p&gt;
                    &lt;p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;Grant-&lt;/p&gt;
                    &lt;p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;Date Fair&lt;/p&gt;
                    &lt;p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;Value&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 60%; text-align: left"&gt;Non-vested restricted shares at July 31, 2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber_iS_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_zKrSIz5SgEFl" style="width: 16%; text-align: right" title="Number of Non-vested Shares, Beginning Balance"&gt;25&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_iS_pid_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_zoCRfADpkB9b" style="width: 16%; text-align: right" title="Weighted- Average Grant- Date Fair Value, Beginning balance"&gt;19.09&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Granted&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_ziSZDbjwL9Sh" style="text-align: right" title="Number of Non-vested Shares, Granted"&gt;25&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_pid_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_zQBc4BdV33ng" style="text-align: right" title="Weighted- Average Grant- Date Fair Value, Granted"&gt;34.92&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Vested&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriod_iN_pn3n3_di_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_zba58dI4fnjl" style="text-align: right" title="Number of Non-vested Shares, Vested"&gt;(18&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_iN_pid_di_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_z3CeNpOfO5Vk" style="text-align: right" title="Weighted- Average Grant- Date Fair Value, Vested"&gt;(37.33&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;Forfeited&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsForfeitedInPeriod_iN_pn3n3_di_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_zMKDxwyltxmi" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Number of Non-vested Shares, Forfeited"&gt;(1&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsForfeituresWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_iN_pid_di_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_z5mTXOk7BYb1" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Weighted- Average Grant- Date Fair Value, Forfeited"&gt;(31.80&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;NON-VESTED RESTRICTED SHARES AT JULY 31, 2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber_iE_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_zK0WSIbnrOF5" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Number of Non-vested Shares, Ending Balance"&gt;31&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_iE_pid_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_zdGkiW7uJpng" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Weighted- Average Grant- Date Fair Value, Ending balance"&gt;21.50&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;


</us-gaap:ScheduleOfSharebasedCompensationRestrictedStockAndRestrictedStockUnitsActivityTableTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber
      contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002973"
      unitRef="Shares">25000</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue
      contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact002975"
      unitRef="USDPShares">19.09</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod
      contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002977"
      unitRef="Shares">25000</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue
      contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact002979"
      unitRef="USDPShares">34.92</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriod
      contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002981"
      unitRef="Shares">18000</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriod>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue
      contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact002983"
      unitRef="USDPShares">37.33</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsForfeitedInPeriod
      contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002985"
      unitRef="Shares">1000</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsForfeitedInPeriod>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsForfeituresWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue
      contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact002987"
      unitRef="USDPShares">31.80</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsForfeituresWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber
      contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact002989"
      unitRef="Shares">31000</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue
      contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact002991"
      unitRef="USDPShares">21.50</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardVestingRights
      contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_us-gaap_RestrictedStockMember_custom_FebruaryTwentyFiveTwoThousandTwentyFiveMember"
      id="Fact002993">There
are 24,000 non-vested restricted shares at July 31, 2024 included in the table above that will vest on February 25, 2025 only if the
Company&#x2019;s Class B common stock closes above $50 per share for ten consecutive trading days prior to February 25, 2025, otherwise
the 24,000 restricted shares will be forfeited.</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardVestingRights>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber
      contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31_us-gaap_RestrictedStockMember_custom_FebruaryTwentyFiveTwoThousandTwentyFiveMember"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact002995"
      unitRef="Shares">24000</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber>
    <IDT:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNumberSubjectToSpecialTerms
      contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_us-gaap_RestrictedStockMember_custom_FebruaryTwentyFiveTwoThousandTwentyFiveMember"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact002997"
      unitRef="Shares">24000</IDT:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNumberSubjectToSpecialTerms>
    <us-gaap:EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedShareBasedAwardsOtherThanOptions
      contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31_us-gaap_RestrictedStockMember"
      decimals="-5"
      id="Fact002998"
      unitRef="USD">300000</us-gaap:EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedShareBasedAwardsOtherThanOptions>
    <us-gaap:EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedPeriodForRecognition1
      contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_us-gaap_RestrictedStockMember"
      id="Fact002999">P0Y10M24D</us-gaap:EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedPeriodForRecognition1>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriodTotalFairValue
      contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_us-gaap_RestrictedStockMember"
      decimals="-5"
      id="Fact003000"
      unitRef="USD">700000</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriodTotalFairValue>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriodTotalFairValue
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31_us-gaap_RestrictedStockMember"
      decimals="-5"
      id="Fact003001"
      unitRef="USD">500000</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriodTotalFairValue>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriodTotalFairValue
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31_us-gaap_RestrictedStockMember"
      decimals="-5"
      id="Fact003002"
      unitRef="USD">1000000.0</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriodTotalFairValue>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardDescription
      contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_DeferredStockUnitsMember"
      id="Fact003004">On
November 30, 2022, the Company adopted an equity incentive program (under the 2015 Plan) in the form of grants of DSUs that, upon vesting,
will entitle the grantees to receive shares of the Company&#x2019;s Class B common stock. The number of shares that will be issuable on
each vesting date will vary between 50% to 200% of the number of DSUs that vest on that vesting date, depending on the market price for
the underlying Class B common stock on the vesting date relative to the base price approved by the Compensation Committee of the Company&#x2019;s
Board of Directors of $25.45 per share (which was based on the market price at the time of the initial grants under this program). On
February 21, 2024 and on May 17, 2023, in accordance with the program and based on certain elections made by grantees, the Company issued
53,706 and 41,945 shares, respectively, of its Class B common stock for vested DSUs. Subject to continued full time employment or other
services to the Company, the remaining 147,540 DSUs are scheduled to vest on February 25, 2025, the final vesting date under the program.
The Company estimated that the fair value of the DSUs on the date of grants was an aggregate of $5.4 million, which is being recognized
on a graded vesting basis over the requisite service periods ending in February 2025. The Company used a risk neutral Monte Carlo simulation
method in its valuation of the DSUs, which simulated the range of possible future values of the Company&#x2019;s Class B common stock
over the life of the DSUs.</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardDescription>
    <us-gaap:SharePrice
      contextRef="AsOf2022-11-30_custom_BoardOfDirectorsMember"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact003006"
      unitRef="USDPShares">25.45</us-gaap:SharePrice>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriod
      contextRef="From2024-02-212024-02-21_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_DeferredStockUnitsMember"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact003008"
      unitRef="Shares">53706</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriod>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriod
      contextRef="From2023-05-172023-05-17_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_DeferredStockUnitsMember"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact003010"
      unitRef="Shares">41945</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriod>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber
      contextRef="AsOf2025-02-25_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_DeferredStockUnitsMember_srt_ScenarioForecastMember"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact003011"
      unitRef="Shares">147540</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber>
    <IDT:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriodGrantDateFairValue
      contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31_custom_DeferredStockUnitsMember"
      decimals="-5"
      id="Fact003013"
      unitRef="USD">5400000</IDT:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriodGrantDateFairValue>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriod
      contextRef="From2022-01-042022-01-05_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_DeferredStockUnitsMember"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact003015"
      unitRef="Shares">301296</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriod>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod
      contextRef="From2020-08-012021-07-31_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_DeferredStockUnitsMember"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact003017"
      unitRef="Shares">4000</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriod
      contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_DeferredStockUnitsMember106801406"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact003019"
      unitRef="Shares">1333</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriod>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriod
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_DeferredStockUnitsMember"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact003021"
      unitRef="Shares">1333</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriod>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriod
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_DeferredStockUnitsMember"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact003023"
      unitRef="Shares">1334</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriod>
    <us-gaap:ScheduleOfSharebasedCompensationRestrictedStockAndRestrictedStockUnitsActivityTableTextBlock contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" id="Fact003025">&lt;p id="xdx_89B_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfSharebasedCompensationRestrictedStockAndRestrictedStockUnitsActivityTableTextBlock_zcBqyRP1siyf" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;A
summary of the status of the Company&#x2019;s grants of DSUs is presented below:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8BA_zrYFvvaKPMJf" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule
of Grants of Restricted Shares&lt;/span&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: right; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;Number of&lt;/p&gt;
                                                           &lt;p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;Non-vested&lt;/p&gt;
                                                           &lt;p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;DSUs&lt;/p&gt;
                                                           &lt;p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;(in
thousands)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;Weighted-&lt;/p&gt;
                                                                              &lt;p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;Average&lt;/p&gt;
                                                                              &lt;p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;Grant-&lt;/p&gt;
                                                                              &lt;p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;Date Fair&lt;/p&gt;
                                                                              &lt;p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;Value&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 60%"&gt;Non-vested shares at July 31, 2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber_iS_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731_zJ6guxco9Xxb" style="width: 16%; text-align: right" title="Number of non vested , beginning balance"&gt;165&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98A_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_iS_pid_c20230801__20240731_zlc3QdT944Bl" style="width: 16%; text-align: right" title="Weighted- Average Grant- Date Fair Value, Beginning balance"&gt;27.38&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;Granted&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731_z3q9hFWfRpeb" style="text-align: right" title="Number of non vested, granted"&gt;25&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_pid_c20230801__20240731_zLD9HxnUMNC2" style="text-align: right" title="Weighted- Average Grant- Date Fair Value, Granted"&gt;33.64&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;Vested&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriod_iN_pn3n3_di_c20230801__20240731_zRv6U5HDPcNb" style="text-align: right" title="Number of non vested, vested"&gt;(40&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_iN_pid_di_c20230801__20240731_zmuKaJbgRRBb" style="text-align: right" title="Weighted- Average Grant- Date Fair Value, Vested"&gt;(26.03&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;Forfeited&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsForfeitedInPeriod_iN_pn3n3_di_c20230801__20240731_zuf0otXdJ8ff" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Number of non vested, forfeited"&gt;(2&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsForfeituresWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_iN_pid_di_c20230801__20240731_z0BFxuPExpEa" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Weighted- Average Grant- Date Fair Value, Forfeited"&gt;(28.67&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;NON-VESTED SHARES AT JULY 31, 2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber_iE_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731_zo1Z2kR5H6S4" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Number of non vested , ending balance"&gt;148&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_iE_pid_c20230801__20240731_zC2eZWDw2IZ6" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Weighted- Average Grant- Date Fair Value, Ending balance"&gt;28.79&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

</us-gaap:ScheduleOfSharebasedCompensationRestrictedStockAndRestrictedStockUnitsActivityTableTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber
      contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact003027"
      unitRef="Shares">165000</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue
      contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact003029"
      unitRef="USDPShares">27.38</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod
      contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact003031"
      unitRef="Shares">25000</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue
      contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact003033"
      unitRef="USDPShares">33.64</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriod
      contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact003035"
      unitRef="Shares">40000</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriod>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue
      contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact003037"
      unitRef="USDPShares">26.03</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsForfeitedInPeriod
      contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact003039"
      unitRef="Shares">2000</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsForfeitedInPeriod>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsForfeituresWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue
      contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact003041"
      unitRef="USDPShares">28.67</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsForfeituresWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber
      contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="Fact003043"
      unitRef="Shares">148000</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue
      contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact003045"
      unitRef="USDPShares">28.79</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue>
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    <us-gaap:EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedPeriodForRecognition1
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    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriodTotalFairValue
      contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_custom_DeferredStockUnitsMember"
      decimals="-5"
      id="Fact003049"
      unitRef="USD">1100000</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriodTotalFairValue>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriodTotalFairValue
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31_custom_DeferredStockUnitsMember"
      decimals="-5"
      id="Fact003050"
      unitRef="USD">900000</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriodTotalFairValue>
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      contextRef="From2023-12-212023-12-21_custom_DeferredStockUnitsMember_custom_AmendedAndRestatedEmploymentAgreementMember_custom_BillPereiraMember_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact003052"
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      contextRef="From2023-12-212023-12-21_custom_AmendedAndRestatedEmploymentAgreementMember_custom_NetTwophoneTwoZeroIncMember_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact003053"
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    <us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues
      contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_custom_AmendedAndRestatedEmploymentAgreementMember_custom_BillPereiraMember_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact003055"
      unitRef="Shares">39155</us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues>
    <us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues
      contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_custom_AmendedAndRestatedEmploymentAgreementMember_custom_BillPereiraMember_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember"
      decimals="-5"
      id="Fact003057"
      unitRef="USD">1500000</us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues>
    <IDT:StockToBeIssuedForMilestoneSharesNewIssues
      contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_custom_AmendedAndRestatedEmploymentAgreementMember_custom_BillPereiraMember_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact003059"
      unitRef="Shares">39155</IDT:StockToBeIssuedForMilestoneSharesNewIssues>
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      decimals="-5"
      id="Fact003061"
      unitRef="USD">4100000</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensation>
    <us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod
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      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact003063"
      unitRef="Shares">15000</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod>
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      decimals="-5"
      id="Fact003065"
      unitRef="USD">400000</us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensation>
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      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact003067"
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      decimals="-5"
      id="Fact003069"
      unitRef="USD">3300000</IDT:StockIssuedDuringPeriodRestrictedStockGrantDateFairValue>
    <us-gaap:EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedShareBasedAwardsOtherThanOptions
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      decimals="-5"
      id="Fact003071"
      unitRef="USD">1900000</us-gaap:EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedShareBasedAwardsOtherThanOptions>
    <IDT:RestrictedCommonStockWithholdingFromEmployeesOutstandingSharesPercentage
      contextRef="From2024-06-012024-06-30_custom_NationalRetailSolutionsMember"
      decimals="INF"
      id="Fact003073"
      unitRef="Pure">0.0017</IDT:RestrictedCommonStockWithholdingFromEmployeesOutstandingSharesPercentage>
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      decimals="-5"
      id="Fact003075"
      unitRef="USD">600000</us-gaap:PaymentsRelatedToTaxWithholdingForShareBasedCompensation>
    <IDT:PaymentsRelatedToTaxWithholdingForShareBasedCompensationDecreaseInNoncontrollingInterests
      contextRef="From2024-06-012024-06-01_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_NationalRetailSolutionsMember"
      decimals="0"
      id="Fact003077"
      unitRef="USD">21000</IDT:PaymentsRelatedToTaxWithholdingForShareBasedCompensationDecreaseInNoncontrollingInterests>
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      contextRef="From2024-06-012024-06-01_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_NationalRetailSolutionsMember"
      decimals="-5"
      id="Fact003079"
      unitRef="USD">600000</IDT:PaymentsRelatedToTaxWithholdingForShareBasedCompensationDecreaseInAdditionalPaidInCapital>
    <us-gaap:PaymentsRelatedToTaxWithholdingForShareBasedCompensation
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    <us-gaap:ComprehensiveIncomeNoteTextBlock contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" id="Fact003103">&lt;p id="xdx_80E_eus-gaap--ComprehensiveIncomeNoteTextBlock_zSrLAA3rKQG7" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Note
22&#x2014;&lt;span id="xdx_82E_zKOIW8II8XPl"&gt;Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_894_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfAccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossTableTextBlock_zzM8fOswVGF9" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
accumulated balances for each classification of other comprehensive loss were as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8B2_zdhJfzQCxiA3" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule
of Accumulated Balances for Each Classification of Other Comprehensive Income Income (Loss)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;Unrealized&lt;/p&gt;
                    &lt;p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;loss on&lt;/p&gt;
                    &lt;p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;available-for-&lt;/p&gt;
                    &lt;p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;sale securities&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;Foreign&lt;/p&gt;
                    &lt;p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;currency&lt;/p&gt;
                    &lt;p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;translation&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;Accumulated&lt;/p&gt;
                    &lt;p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;other&lt;/p&gt;
                    &lt;p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;comprehensive&lt;/p&gt;
                    &lt;p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;loss&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 52%"&gt;Balance at July 31, 2021&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_iS_pn3n3_c20210801__20220731__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--AccumulatedNetUnrealizedInvestmentGainLossMember_zhUYAXLAzg69" style="width: 12%; text-align: right" title="Ending balance"&gt;(9&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_iS_pn3n3_c20210801__20220731__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--AccumulatedTranslationAdjustmentMember_za7mfTWEJCfc" style="width: 12%; text-align: right" title="Ending balance"&gt;(10,174&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_iS_pn3n3_c20210801__20220731_zyCp6KC0P6e3" style="width: 12%; text-align: right" title="Ending balance"&gt;(10,183&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;Other comprehensive loss attributable to IDT Corporation&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_pn3n3_c20210801__20220731__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--AccumulatedNetUnrealizedInvestmentGainLossMember_zdqgex1dDyz3" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Other comprehensive loss attributable to IDT Corporation"&gt;(537&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_pn3n3_c20210801__20220731__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--AccumulatedTranslationAdjustmentMember_zt6iDNuXcKNc" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Other comprehensive loss attributable to IDT Corporation"&gt;(585&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_pn3n3_c20210801__20220731_zIwPDwLNPozj" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Other comprehensive loss attributable to IDT Corporation"&gt;(1,122&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;Balance at July 31, 2022&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_iS_pn3n3_c20220801__20230731__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--AccumulatedNetUnrealizedInvestmentGainLossMember_zaFXvDscXCPd" style="text-align: right" title="Beginning balance"&gt;(546&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_iS_pn3n3_c20220801__20230731__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--AccumulatedTranslationAdjustmentMember_zKhS6vzSeIB1" style="text-align: right" title="Beginning balance"&gt;(10,759&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_iS_pn3n3_c20220801__20230731_zwmOb2fv9s8k" style="text-align: right" title="Beginning balance"&gt;(11,305&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;Other comprehensive loss attributable to IDT Corporation&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_pn3n3_c20220801__20230731__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--AccumulatedNetUnrealizedInvestmentGainLossMember_zp7z06R1PO6k" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Other comprehensive loss attributable to IDT Corporation"&gt;(99&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_pn3n3_c20220801__20230731__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--AccumulatedTranslationAdjustmentMember_zpSbHsOIjLGc" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Other comprehensive loss attributable to IDT Corporation"&gt;(5,788&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_pn3n3_c20220801__20230731_z7aGuEd97up9" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Other comprehensive loss attributable to IDT Corporation"&gt;(5,887&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;Balance at July 31, 2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_iS_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--AccumulatedNetUnrealizedInvestmentGainLossMember_z28VyhTEXS2" style="text-align: right" title="Ending balance"&gt;(645&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_iS_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--AccumulatedTranslationAdjustmentMember_zbHJwNlnbGMe" style="text-align: right" title="Ending balance"&gt;(16,547&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_iS_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731_z8iHQ7catuU2" style="text-align: right" title="Ending balance"&gt;(17,192&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;Other comprehensive income (loss) attributable to IDT Corporation&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--AccumulatedNetUnrealizedInvestmentGainLossMember_zOrVgFY7JDjf" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Other comprehensive loss attributable to IDT Corporation"&gt;265&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--AccumulatedTranslationAdjustmentMember_zvo38yTtwzt" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Other comprehensive loss attributable to IDT Corporation"&gt;(1,215&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731_z7pB5k7TBGt4" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Other comprehensive loss attributable to IDT Corporation"&gt;(950&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;BALANCE AT JULY 31, 2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_iE_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--AccumulatedNetUnrealizedInvestmentGainLossMember_zrpxTOr8txKa" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Ending balance"&gt;(380&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_iE_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--AccumulatedTranslationAdjustmentMember_zBTi5BBrrRYc" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Ending balance"&gt;(17,762&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_iE_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731_zi8lKhaQrnN1" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Ending balance"&gt;(18,142&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_8AB_zqSwO4aNNa4l" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</us-gaap:ComprehensiveIncomeNoteTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:ScheduleOfAccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossTableTextBlock contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" id="Fact003105">&lt;p id="xdx_894_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfAccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossTableTextBlock_zzM8fOswVGF9" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
accumulated balances for each classification of other comprehensive loss were as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8B2_zdhJfzQCxiA3" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule
of Accumulated Balances for Each Classification of Other Comprehensive Income Income (Loss)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;Unrealized&lt;/p&gt;
                    &lt;p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;loss on&lt;/p&gt;
                    &lt;p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;available-for-&lt;/p&gt;
                    &lt;p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;sale securities&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;Foreign&lt;/p&gt;
                    &lt;p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;currency&lt;/p&gt;
                    &lt;p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;translation&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;Accumulated&lt;/p&gt;
                    &lt;p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;other&lt;/p&gt;
                    &lt;p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;comprehensive&lt;/p&gt;
                    &lt;p style="text-align: right; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;loss&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 52%"&gt;Balance at July 31, 2021&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_iS_pn3n3_c20210801__20220731__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--AccumulatedNetUnrealizedInvestmentGainLossMember_zhUYAXLAzg69" style="width: 12%; text-align: right" title="Ending balance"&gt;(9&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_iS_pn3n3_c20210801__20220731__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--AccumulatedTranslationAdjustmentMember_za7mfTWEJCfc" style="width: 12%; text-align: right" title="Ending balance"&gt;(10,174&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_iS_pn3n3_c20210801__20220731_zyCp6KC0P6e3" style="width: 12%; text-align: right" title="Ending balance"&gt;(10,183&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;Other comprehensive loss attributable to IDT Corporation&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_pn3n3_c20210801__20220731__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--AccumulatedNetUnrealizedInvestmentGainLossMember_zdqgex1dDyz3" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Other comprehensive loss attributable to IDT Corporation"&gt;(537&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_pn3n3_c20210801__20220731__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--AccumulatedTranslationAdjustmentMember_zt6iDNuXcKNc" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Other comprehensive loss attributable to IDT Corporation"&gt;(585&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_pn3n3_c20210801__20220731_zIwPDwLNPozj" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Other comprehensive loss attributable to IDT Corporation"&gt;(1,122&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;Balance at July 31, 2022&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_iS_pn3n3_c20220801__20230731__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--AccumulatedNetUnrealizedInvestmentGainLossMember_zaFXvDscXCPd" style="text-align: right" title="Beginning balance"&gt;(546&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_iS_pn3n3_c20220801__20230731__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--AccumulatedTranslationAdjustmentMember_zKhS6vzSeIB1" style="text-align: right" title="Beginning balance"&gt;(10,759&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_iS_pn3n3_c20220801__20230731_zwmOb2fv9s8k" style="text-align: right" title="Beginning balance"&gt;(11,305&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;Other comprehensive loss attributable to IDT Corporation&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_pn3n3_c20220801__20230731__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--AccumulatedNetUnrealizedInvestmentGainLossMember_zp7z06R1PO6k" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Other comprehensive loss attributable to IDT Corporation"&gt;(99&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_pn3n3_c20220801__20230731__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--AccumulatedTranslationAdjustmentMember_zpSbHsOIjLGc" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Other comprehensive loss attributable to IDT Corporation"&gt;(5,788&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_pn3n3_c20220801__20230731_z7aGuEd97up9" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Other comprehensive loss attributable to IDT Corporation"&gt;(5,887&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;Balance at July 31, 2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_iS_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--AccumulatedNetUnrealizedInvestmentGainLossMember_z28VyhTEXS2" style="text-align: right" title="Ending balance"&gt;(645&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_iS_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--AccumulatedTranslationAdjustmentMember_zbHJwNlnbGMe" style="text-align: right" title="Ending balance"&gt;(16,547&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_iS_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731_z8iHQ7catuU2" style="text-align: right" title="Ending balance"&gt;(17,192&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;Other comprehensive income (loss) attributable to IDT Corporation&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--AccumulatedNetUnrealizedInvestmentGainLossMember_zOrVgFY7JDjf" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Other comprehensive loss attributable to IDT Corporation"&gt;265&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--AccumulatedTranslationAdjustmentMember_zvo38yTtwzt" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Other comprehensive loss attributable to IDT Corporation"&gt;(1,215&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731_z7pB5k7TBGt4" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right" title="Other comprehensive loss attributable to IDT Corporation"&gt;(950&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;BALANCE AT JULY 31, 2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_iE_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--AccumulatedNetUnrealizedInvestmentGainLossMember_zrpxTOr8txKa" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Ending balance"&gt;(380&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_iE_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--AccumulatedTranslationAdjustmentMember_zBTi5BBrrRYc" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Ending balance"&gt;(17,762&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_iE_pn3n3_c20230801__20240731_zi8lKhaQrnN1" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right" title="Ending balance"&gt;(18,142&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

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    <us-gaap:CommitmentsAndContingenciesDisclosureTextBlock contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" id="Fact003149">&lt;p id="xdx_80E_eus-gaap--CommitmentsAndContingenciesDisclosureTextBlock_zP6bDQbEASsj" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Note
23&#x2014;&lt;span id="xdx_82A_zVp0dZ6nLVpk"&gt;Commitments and Contingencies&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Legal
Proceedings&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;On
July 5, 2017, plaintiff JDS1, LLC, on behalf of itself and all other similarly situated stockholders of Straight Path, and
derivatively on behalf of Straight Path as nominal defendant, filed a putative class action and derivative complaint in the Court of
Chancery of the State of Delaware against the Company, The Patrick Henry Trust (a trust formed by Howard S. Jonas that held record
and beneficial ownership of certain shares of Straight Path he formerly held), Howard S. Jonas, and each of Straight Path&#x2019;s
directors. The complaint alleged that the Company aided and abetted Straight Path Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer
Davidi Jonas, and Howard S. Jonas in his capacity as controlling stockholder of Straight Path, in breaching their fiduciary duties
to Straight Path in connection with the settlement of claims between Straight Path and the Company related to potential
indemnification claims concerning Straight Path&#x2019;s obligations under the Consent Decree it entered into with the Federal
Communications Commission (&#x201c;FCC&#x201d;), as well as the sale of Straight Path&#x2019;s subsidiary Straight Path IP Group, Inc.
to the Company in connection with that settlement. That action was consolidated with a similar action that was initiated by The
Arbitrage Fund. The Plaintiffs sought, among other things, (i) a declaration that the action may be maintained as a class action or
in the alternative, that demand on the Straight Path Board is excused; (ii) that the term sheet is invalid; (iii) awarding damages
for the unfair price stockholders received in the merger between Straight Path and Verizon Communications Inc. for their shares of
Straight Path&#x2019;s Class B common stock; and (iv) ordering Howard S. Jonas, Davidi Jonas, and the Company to disgorge any profits
for the benefit of the class Plaintiffs. On August 28, 2017, the Plaintiffs filed an amended complaint. The trial was held in August
and December 2022, and closing arguments were presented on May 3, 2023. On October 3, 2023, the Court of Chancery of the State of
Delaware dismissed all claims against the Company, and found that, contrary to the plaintiffs&#x2019; allegations, the class suffered
no damages. On July 22, 2024, oral argument was held in the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware on the issue of
attorney&#x2019;s fees sought by plaintiff&#x2019;s counsel against Howard S. Jonas. The parties are awaiting the final order from the
court. The plaintiffs will have 30 days from entry of the final order to file an appeal.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;In
addition to the foregoing, the Company is subject to other legal proceedings that have arisen in the ordinary course of business and
have not been finally adjudicated. Although there can be no assurance in this regard, the Company believes that none of the other legal
proceedings to which the Company is a party will have a material adverse effect on the Company&#x2019;s results of operations, cash flows,
or financial condition.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Sales
Tax Contingency&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;On
June 21, 2018, the United States Supreme Court rendered a decision in South Dakota v. Wayfair, Inc., holding that a state may require
a remote seller with no physical presence in the state to collect and remit sales tax on goods and services provided to purchasers in
the state, overturning certain existing court precedent. It is possible that one or more jurisdictions may assert that the Company has
liability for periods for which it has not collected sales, use or other similar taxes, and if such an assertion or assertions were successful
it could materially and adversely affect the Company&#x2019;s business, financial position, and operating results. One or more jurisdictions
may change their laws or policies to apply their sales, use or other similar taxes to the Company&#x2019;s operations, and if such changes
were made it could materially and adversely affect the Company&#x2019;s business, financial position, and operating results.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Regulatory
Fees Audit&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company&#x2019;s 2017 FCC Form 499-A, which reported its calendar year 2016 revenue, was audited by the Universal Service Administrative
Company (&#x201c;USAC&#x201d;). The USAC&#x2019;s final decision imposed a $&lt;span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--LossContingencyEstimateOfPossibleLoss_iI_pn5n6_c20240731__srt--ProductOrServiceAxis__custom--FederalTelecommunicationsRelayServicesFundMember_zt8529MU0ZUk" title="Final decision imposed"&gt;2.9&lt;/span&gt; million charge on the Company for the Federal Telecommunications
Relay Service (&#x201c;TRS&#x201d;) Fund. The Company has appealed the USAC&#x2019;s final decision to the FCC and does not intend to remit
payment for the TRS Fund fees unless and until a negative decision on its appeal has been issued. The Company has made certain changes
to its filing policies and procedures for years that remain potentially under audit. At July 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company&#x2019;s accrued
expenses included $&lt;span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--AccruedLiabilitiesCurrentAndNoncurrent_iI_pn5n6_c20240731_z5hAfP3pyxp9" title="Accrued liabilities"&gt;25.9&lt;/span&gt; million and $&lt;span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--AccruedLiabilitiesCurrentAndNoncurrent_iI_pn5n6_c20230731_zLZz8jqr78Jg" title="Accrued liabilities"&gt;26.8&lt;/span&gt; million, respectively, for FCC-related regulatory fees for the year covered by the audit, as
well as prior and subsequent years.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Purchase
Commitments&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;At
July 31, 2024, the Company had purchase commitments of $&lt;span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--PurchaseObligation_iI_pn5n6_c20240731_zbSdHvoSFI3a" title="Purchase obligation"&gt;2.9&lt;/span&gt; million primarily for equipment and services.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Performance
Bonds&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company has performance bonds issued through third parties for the benefit of various states in order to comply with the states&#x2019;
financial requirements for money remittance licenses and telecommunications resellers. At July 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company had aggregate
performance bonds outstanding of $&lt;span id="xdx_902_ecustom--PerformanceBondsOutstanding_iI_pn5n6_c20240731_zOC5cwX0UK29" title="Performance bonds outstanding"&gt;32.4&lt;/span&gt; million and $&lt;span id="xdx_903_ecustom--PerformanceBondsOutstanding_iI_pn5n6_c20230731_ztoGbfYkmVzd" title="Performance bonds outstanding"&gt;27.1&lt;/span&gt; million, respectively. The increase in the performance bonds was due to increased
money remittance transactions in fiscal 2024 compared to prior years.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</us-gaap:CommitmentsAndContingenciesDisclosureTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:LossContingencyEstimateOfPossibleLoss
      contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31_custom_FederalTelecommunicationsRelayServicesFundMember"
      decimals="-5"
      id="Fact003151"
      unitRef="USD">2900000</us-gaap:LossContingencyEstimateOfPossibleLoss>
    <us-gaap:AccruedLiabilitiesCurrentAndNoncurrent
      contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31"
      decimals="-5"
      id="Fact003153"
      unitRef="USD">25900000</us-gaap:AccruedLiabilitiesCurrentAndNoncurrent>
    <us-gaap:AccruedLiabilitiesCurrentAndNoncurrent
      contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31"
      decimals="-5"
      id="Fact003155"
      unitRef="USD">26800000</us-gaap:AccruedLiabilitiesCurrentAndNoncurrent>
    <us-gaap:PurchaseObligation
      contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31"
      decimals="-5"
      id="Fact003157"
      unitRef="USD">2900000</us-gaap:PurchaseObligation>
    <IDT:PerformanceBondsOutstanding
      contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31"
      decimals="-5"
      id="Fact003159"
      unitRef="USD">32400000</IDT:PerformanceBondsOutstanding>
    <IDT:PerformanceBondsOutstanding
      contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31"
      decimals="-5"
      id="Fact003161"
      unitRef="USD">27100000</IDT:PerformanceBondsOutstanding>
    <us-gaap:RelatedPartyTransactionsDisclosureTextBlock contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-07-31" id="Fact003163">&lt;p id="xdx_802_eus-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsDisclosureTextBlock_z80opiDLA29l" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Note
24&#x2014;&lt;span id="xdx_829_zieCB8caE832"&gt;Related Party Transactions&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Rafael
Holdings, Inc.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;In
connection with the spin-off of Rafael in March 2018, the Company and Rafael entered into a Transition Services Agreement pursuant to
which certain administrative and other services are provided by the Company and Rafael. The Company charged Rafael $&lt;span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--CostsAndExpensesRelatedParty_pn5n6_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--RafaelSpinOffMember_zPrdX9XMLiJb"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--CostsAndExpensesRelatedParty_pn5n6_c20220801__20230731__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--RafaelSpinOffMember_zezuuEGv42yj"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--CostsAndExpensesRelatedParty_pn5n6_c20210801__20220731__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--RafaelSpinOffMember_zM3PjvVgu1M9"&gt;0.3&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; million in each
of fiscal 2024, fiscal 2023, and fiscal 2022 for services provided, net of the amounts charged by Rafael to the Company. At both July
31, 2024 and 2023, other current assets reported in the Company&#x2019;s consolidated balance sheets included net receivable from Rafael
of $&lt;span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--OtherReceivablesNetCurrent_iI_pn5n6_c20240731__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--RafaelSpinOffMember_zoCssZ6fJKv2"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--OtherReceivablesNetCurrent_iI_pn5n6_c20230731__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--RafaelSpinOffMember_zyqggT2a7kOl"&gt;0.1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; million.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;See
Note 4 regarding the Company&#x2019;s office lease arrangements with Rafael.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Genie
Energy Ltd.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company entered into a Transition Services Agreement with Genie Energy Ltd. (&#x201c;Genie&#x201d;) prior to the spin-off of Genie in October
2011, which provides for certain services to be performed by the Company and Genie. The Company charged Genie $&lt;span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--CostsAndExpensesRelatedParty_pn5n6_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--GenieAndSubsidiarieMember_zRM7FMtw5LLi" title="Costs and expenses, related party"&gt;0.9&lt;/span&gt; million, $&lt;span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--CostsAndExpensesRelatedParty_pn5n6_c20220801__20230731__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--GenieAndSubsidiarieMember_zY0CTVECOM9h" title="Costs and expenses, related party"&gt;1.2&lt;/span&gt; million,
and $&lt;span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--CostsAndExpensesRelatedParty_pn5n6_c20210801__20220731__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--GenieAndSubsidiarieMember_zCZ35ZfJ54Zg" title="Costs and expenses, related party"&gt;1.3&lt;/span&gt; million in fiscal 2024, fiscal 2023, and fiscal 2022, respectively, for services provided and other items, net of the amounts
charged by Genie to the Company. At July 31, 2024 and 2023, other current assets reported in the Company&#x2019;s consolidated balance
sheets included receivables from Genie of $&lt;span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--OtherReceivablesNetCurrent_iI_pn5n6_c20240731__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--GenieAndSubsidiarieMember_zpGrwarHDhhd" title="Due from other related parties, current"&gt;0.3&lt;/span&gt; million and $&lt;span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--OtherReceivablesNetCurrent_iI_pn5n6_c20230731__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--GenieAndSubsidiarieMember_zVma2yCFfwDk" title="Due from other related parties, current"&gt;0.2&lt;/span&gt; million, respectively.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Other
Related Party Transactions&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company provides office space, certain connectivity and other services to Jonas Media Group, a publishing firm owned by Howard S. Jonas.
Billings for such services were $&lt;span id="xdx_907_ecustom--RelatedPartyTransactionBillingsToRelatedPartyForServices_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--JonasMember_z5ep4M9UVrR2" title="Receivable from subsidiaries included in services"&gt;1,300&lt;/span&gt;; $&lt;span id="xdx_905_ecustom--RelatedPartyTransactionBillingsToRelatedPartyForServices_c20220801__20230731__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--JonasMember_zm56eYbY2U9c" title="Receivable from subsidiaries included in services"&gt;2,000&lt;/span&gt;; and $&lt;span id="xdx_90B_ecustom--RelatedPartyTransactionBillingsToRelatedPartyForServices_c20210801__20220731__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--JonasMember_zxHODxlQQxr8" title="Receivable from subsidiaries included in services"&gt;2,000&lt;/span&gt; in fiscal 2024, fiscal 2023, and fiscal 2022, respectively. The balance owed
to the Company by Jonas Media Group was $&lt;span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--OtherReceivablesNetCurrent_iI_c20240731__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--JonasMember_zlW4CNFwIuXj" title="Due from Other Related Parties, Current"&gt;5,300&lt;/span&gt; and $&lt;span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--OtherReceivablesNetCurrent_iI_c20230731__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--JonasMember_zHcyXvkU1fQk" title="Due from Other Related Parties, Current"&gt;4,000&lt;/span&gt; as of July 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Mason
and Company Consulting, LLC (&#x201c;Mason and Co.&#x201d;), a company owned solely by Jonathan Mason, receives annual commissions and
fees for the insurance brokerage referral and placement of certain of the Company&#x2019;s insurance policies. Jonathan Mason is the husband
of Joyce J. Mason, the Company&#x2019;s General Counsel, and brother-in-law of Howard S. Jonas. Based on information the Company received
from Jonathan Mason, the Company believes that Mason and Co. received commissions and fees from payments made by the Company in the aggregate
amount of $&lt;span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--OperatingCostsAndExpenses_c20230801__20240731__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionAxis__custom--MasonAndCompanyConsultingMember_zTYCZ56NmfK8" title="Commissions and fees from payment by company"&gt;57,000&lt;/span&gt; in fiscal 2024, $&lt;span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--OperatingCostsAndExpenses_c20220801__20230731__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionAxis__custom--MasonAndCompanyConsultingMember_z2Fytm9SpEH8" title="Commissions and fees from payment by company"&gt;62,000&lt;/span&gt; in fiscal 2023, and $&lt;span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--OperatingCostsAndExpenses_c20210801__20220731__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionAxis__custom--MasonAndCompanyConsultingMember_zPEOn6Vx19Tb" title="Commissions and fees from payment by company"&gt;76,000&lt;/span&gt; in fiscal 2022. Neither Howard S. Jonas nor Joyce Mason has any
ownership or other interest in Mason and Co., or the commissions paid to Mason and Co., other than via the familial relationships with
Jonathan Mason.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;IDT
DT leases space in a building in the Bronx, New York that is owned by a limited liability company that is jointly owned by Howard S.
Jonas and Shmuel Jonas. The annual rent is $&lt;span id="xdx_909_ecustom--RelatedPartyTransactionLeaseAnnualRentPaymentsToRelatedParty_c20230801__20240731_zM74zbDsa8Q8" title="Annual rent payment"&gt;18,600&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company had loans receivable from employees aggregating $&lt;span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--OtherReceivablesNetCurrent_iI_pn5n6_c20240731__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--EmployeesMember_zpkCNM5Q08u3" title="Outstanding net loan receivable from employees"&gt;0.5&lt;/span&gt; million and $&lt;span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--OtherReceivablesNetCurrent_iI_pn5n6_c20230731__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__custom--EmployeesMember_zUDGfwQ5bMic" title="Outstanding net loan receivable from employees"&gt;0.5&lt;/span&gt; million at July 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, which
are included in &#x201c;Other current assets&#x201d; in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</us-gaap:RelatedPartyTransactionsDisclosureTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:CostsAndExpensesRelatedParty
      contextRef="From2023-08-012024-07-31_custom_RafaelSpinOffMember"
      decimals="-5"
      id="Fact003164"
      unitRef="USD">300000</us-gaap:CostsAndExpensesRelatedParty>
    <us-gaap:CostsAndExpensesRelatedParty
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31_custom_RafaelSpinOffMember"
      decimals="-5"
      id="Fact003165"
      unitRef="USD">300000</us-gaap:CostsAndExpensesRelatedParty>
    <us-gaap:CostsAndExpensesRelatedParty
      contextRef="From2021-08-012022-07-31_custom_RafaelSpinOffMember"
      decimals="-5"
      id="Fact003166"
      unitRef="USD">300000</us-gaap:CostsAndExpensesRelatedParty>
    <us-gaap:OtherReceivablesNetCurrent
      contextRef="AsOf2024-07-31_custom_RafaelSpinOffMember"
      decimals="-5"
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&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

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up to the maximum amount allowed by law. The plan provides for discretionary matching contributions that vest over the first five years
of employment. The plan permits discretionary matching contributions to be granted as of December 31 of each year. All contributions
made by participants vest immediately into the participant&#x2019;s account. In fiscal 2024, fiscal 2023, and fiscal 2022, the Company&#x2019;s
expense related to the plan was $&lt;span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--DefinedContributionPlanCostRecognized_pn5n6_c20230801__20240731_zl2Jz3MdusJh" title="Defined contribution plan, cost"&gt;1.0&lt;/span&gt; million, $&lt;span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--DefinedContributionPlanCostRecognized_pn5n6_c20220801__20230731_z45csLoSAri7" title="Defined contribution plan, cost"&gt;1.1&lt;/span&gt; million, and $&lt;span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--DefinedContributionPlanCostRecognized_pn5n6_c20210801__20220731_zw209CvpSxvj" title="Defined contribution plan, cost"&gt;1.0&lt;/span&gt; million, respectively. The Company&#x2019;s Class A common stock
and Class B common stock are not investment options for the plan&#x2019;s participants.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

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